626:
they had better or equal outcomes on all measures, in 6 studies that had equal outcomes on all measures, and in 6 studies that had worse outcomes on one measure and equal or better outcomes on the remaining measures. The results were similar for the subset of studies that adjusted for socio-economic variables and the level of conflict between parents. The variable with the smallest difference was academic achievement, for which only 3 out 10 studies showed an advantage for shared parenting. Studies indicate that children fare better in joint custody arrangements, or where they have good access to both parents, as compared to sole custody arrangements.
764:
commonly viewed as a gender equity issue with strong support from women's organizations. As a contrast, in North
America, several organizations see it as a father's rights issue, and some women's organizations work against shared parenting, while other women are among the strongest advocates. As yet another contrast, in countries like Turkey and Iran, it is often seen as a women's right issue, as sole custody is commonly awarded to the father.
763:
The advocacy for shared parenting is a world-wide movement. It is unified in its belief that shared parenting is in the best interest of children, and that it is a children's right issue. The gender perspective, however, varies greatly across nations. In
Scandinavian countries, such as Iceland, it is
579:
In a comparative survey of 34 western countries conducted from 2005 to 2006, the proportion of children aged 11 to 15 living in a shared parenting arrangement versus sole custody was highest in Sweden (17%), followed by
Iceland (11%), Belgium (11%), Denmark (10%), Italy (9%) and Norway (9%). Ukraine,
667:
A second wave of criticism argued that shared parenting increases parental conflict and that shared parenting is only suitable for parents who get along well as co-parents. Once more, research has found support for and against this criticism. The science suggests the appropriateness of any parenting
634:
While the primary arguments for shared parenting is based on the child's best interest of having close contact with both parents in their daily life, there are also important advantages to the parents. Most parents enjoy spending time with their children, and with shared parenting, both parents have
754:
have argued against a presumption of joint parenting. For example, concerns have been expressed that a presumption for joint custody might get in the way of negotiated custody outcomes that are better suited to the children, and joint custody might be inappropriately imposed upon couples who suffer
625:
A review of 60 quantitative research studies found that in 34 of the studies, children in a shared parenting arrangement had better outcomes on all measured variables for well-being, most notably for their family relationships, physical health, adolescent behavior and mental health. In 14 studies,
718:
In 2006, Italy passed a law that made joint custody the default arrangement for separating couples. A study of the effect of the law suggested that the joint custody presumption increased the duration and complexity of custody litigation, but that it did not find evidence that parents were making
575:
The popularity of shared parenting, or equal parenting time (EPT), has increased greatly in the past ten years. In Spain in 2022, for instance, 'Due to legal reforms, equal parenting time (EPT) laws in Spain now apply to approximately 40% of all divorces.' The frequency of shared parenting versus
566:
is an unusual but increasingly common form of shared parenting where the child always lives in the same home, while the two parents take turns living with the child in that home. Its long term use can be expensive as it requires three residences, and it is most commonly used as a temporary shared
603:
study designs. Their conclusions are that children with a shared parenting arrangement have better physical, mental, social and academic outcomes compared to children in a primary parenting arrangement. These finding holds for all age groups, whether the parents have an amicable or high-conflict
659:
figure to bond with, (ii) that child development suffer from frequent moves back and forth between two households, and (iii) that one should not disrupt the status quo. Scientific research finds support for and against these assumptions. It is important that child-specific factors like parental
612:
found that children with shared parenting had better outcomes for physical health, psychological well-being, moods and emotions, self-perception, autonomy, parental relations, material outcomes, peer relations, school satisfaction and social acceptance. Using data from the same cross-sectional
367:
668:
style must be decided on a case-by-case basis. Parents with mental illness, personality disorder, history of abuse, or history of substance abuse may make shared parenting a poor choice. Couples at high risk for interpersonal violence also do not make good shared parenting candidates.
621:
problems of concentration, sleeping, headaches, stomach aches, tenseness, lack of appetite, sadness and dizziness. They found that both boys and girls did better living in a shared parenting versus sole custody arrangement. Both studies adjusted for selected socio-economic variables.
607:
With its early adoption of shared parenting and excellent health data, the largest studies on shared parenting have been conducted in Sweden. In a large cross-sectional study comparing over 50,000 children, ages 12 and 15, living in either a shared or sole custody arrangement, Dr.
1501:
541:, with equal or close to equal parenting time. A regime of shared parenting is based on the idea that children have the right to and benefit from a close relationship with both their parents, and that no child should be separated from a parent.
701:
which favors shared parenting in most custody cases while allowing the court to order alternative arrangements based upon evidence that shared parenting would not be in the best interest of the children, such as in cases of parental
362:
580:
Poland, Croatia, Turkey, the
Netherlands and Romania all had 2% or less. Among the English speaking countries, Canada and the United Kingdom had 7% while the United States and Ireland had 5%.
731:
became the first jurisdiction to establish a legal presumption for shared parenting, after the house voted 81-2 and the senate voted 38–0 in favor, and after the bill was signed by governor
587:. Circa 2016-2017, the percentage in Sweden had increased to 28%; with 26% for children age 0–5 years, 34% among the 6-12 year old age group, and 23% among the oldest children ages 13–18.
319:
1847:
274:
2015:
1833:
552:
is a marriage where the partners choose to share the work of child-raising, earning money, house chores and recreation time in nearly equal fashion across all four domains.
1743:
1484:
1947:
1363:
DanielFernandez-Kranz and
NataliaNollenberger, 'The impact of equal parenting time laws on family outcomes and risky behavior by teenagers: Evidence from Spain',
1384:"Why should they live more with one of us when they are children to us both?: Parents' motives for practicing equal joint physical custody for children aged 0–4"
1446:
Linda
Nielsen (2018). "Joint Versus Sole Physical Custody: Children's Outcomes Independent of Parent–Child Relationships, Income, and Conflict in 60 Studies".
671:
A third wave of criticism acknowledges that shared parenting could be an appropriate custodial arrangement but argued that there should be no presumptions in
2797:
1637:
Baude, Amandine; Pearson, Jessica; Drapeau, Sylvie (27 June 2016). "Child
Adjustment in Joint Physical Custody Versus Sole Custody: A Meta-Analytic Review".
427:
660:
temperament, environmental factors, and genetic factors are considered before attempting to determine how a specific parenting style will affect a child's
938:
549:
1331:
2888:
2585:
1721:
815:
284:
1421:
1348:
3010:
2113:
Kruk E, Collateral Damage: The Lived
Experiences of Divorced Mothers Without Custody. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 2010:51,526-543.
877:
688:
475:
2001:
1306:
2154:
2954:
2019:
1860:
2924:
2095:
Karmely, Maritza (2016). "Presumption Law in Action: Why States Should Not Be
Sedfuced into Adopting a Joint Custody Presumption".
2638:
1215:
2782:
2628:
2949:
1688:
2939:
1673:
560:, where some children live primarily with their mother while one or more of their siblings live primarily with their father.
2076:
Barry, Margaret M. (1997). "The
District of Columbia's Joint CustodyPresumption: Misplaced Blame and Simplistic Solutions".
2980:
1744:"Countering Arguments Against Shared Parenting in Family Law: Have we reached a tipping point in the child custody debate?"
1054:
2944:
2669:
2306:
1765:
1481:
1279:
981:
793:
357:
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2709:
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2351:
1074:
961:
854:
442:
1097:
3015:
2525:
1960:
1269:
1126:
1115:
2802:
432:
1582:"Fifty moves a year: Is there an association between joint physical custody and psychosomatic problems in children?"
2724:
2555:
2550:
1482:
Joint Physical Custody and Communication with Parents: A Cross-National Study of Children in 36 Western Countries
1034:
919:
264:
767:
There are a number of organizations that advocate for shared parenting as being in the best interest of children:
643:
and advancement. In fact, some argue that shared parenting is one critical component in the efforts to reduce the
2934:
2893:
2729:
2449:
2281:
397:
352:
347:
1531:"Living in two homes: A Swedish national survey of wellbeing in 12 and 15 year olds with joint physical custody"
1515:
3000:
2301:
1141:
468:
422:
342:
1873:
De Blasio, Guido; Vuri, Daneila (2013). "Joint Custody in the Italian Courts, IZA Discussion Paper No. 7472".
655:
Early criticism of shared parenting was based upon the assumptions (i) that children need one single primary
2757:
2147:
1152:
614:
239:
1023:
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2429:
1368:
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294:
279:
183:
2919:
2480:
2404:
2331:
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1284:
896:
751:
596:
259:
234:
211:
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that joy in their life. Both parents also get child-free time to work or play without having to hire a
1893:
1172:
2777:
2704:
2653:
2414:
2389:
2379:
1264:
600:
447:
289:
109:
104:
79:
595:
Epidemiological studies on the effect of shared parenting on children has been conducted using both
2990:
2792:
2719:
2643:
2464:
2444:
2399:
2336:
2219:
2171:
2041:
Ferreiro, Beverly Webster (October 1990). "Presumption of Joint Custody: A Family Policy Dilemma".
1973:
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1259:
461:
173:
69:
3005:
2985:
2838:
2575:
2311:
2140:
2058:
1916:
1654:
1619:
1463:
1345:
640:
530:
417:
206:
114:
54:
1848:
Scheer should ensure fathers have the same parenting rights as mothers in child custody disputes
1004:
609:
548:
is applied in cases of divorce, separation or when parents do not live together; in contrast, a
2929:
2772:
2694:
2674:
2545:
2485:
2424:
2419:
2384:
2361:
2291:
2276:
1878:
1874:
1814:
1611:
1562:
1310:
679:
of a child. Critics also suggest that shared parenting requires more logistical coordination.
661:
407:
123:
1226:
Advocating for the rights of Georgia's children to have equal access to both of their parents
639:, which a sole custodial parent must do. Moreover, both parents get the same opportunity for
2995:
2648:
2623:
2615:
2371:
2255:
2050:
1908:
1804:
1796:
1646:
1601:
1593:
1552:
1542:
1455:
1395:
337:
188:
178:
143:
133:
99:
2843:
2762:
2599:
2560:
2459:
2209:
1488:
1352:
1145:
1119:
1027:
437:
710:. Bills promoting shared parenting have been introduced in Canada and the United States.
2903:
2883:
2878:
2868:
2828:
2505:
2434:
2224:
1809:
1784:
1606:
1581:
1557:
1530:
1254:
644:
314:
249:
198:
2969:
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2807:
2752:
2747:
2689:
2520:
2356:
2341:
2326:
2239:
2199:
1920:
1766:"Joint physical custody: Is joint physical custody best -- or worst -- for children?"
1658:
1467:
1400:
1383:
1274:
1244:
707:
676:
557:
522:
489:
402:
309:
269:
244:
229:
138:
119:
1529:
Bergström M; Modin B; Fransson E; Rajmil L; Berlin M; Gustafsson P; Hjern A (2013).
2848:
2699:
2684:
2540:
2530:
2316:
719:
concessions on the division of assets to "buy back" custody from the other parent.
92:
59:
1650:
1623:
1459:
17:
1974:"Dayton vetoes bill that would have given divorced parents more presumed custody"
2858:
2833:
2679:
2515:
2500:
2286:
2214:
2204:
1249:
703:
636:
584:
392:
299:
74:
64:
1783:
Capaldi, Deborah M.; Knoble, Naomi B.; Shortt, Joann Wu; Kim, Hyoun K. (2012).
1516:"After divorce, shared parenting is best for children's health and development"
2873:
2767:
2570:
2495:
2439:
2409:
2346:
2244:
1800:
1047:
747:
732:
672:
583:
Shared parenting is increasing in popularity and it is particularly common in
304:
33:
1597:
1547:
1382:
Fransson, Emma; Sarkadi, Anna; Hjern, Anders; Bergström, Malin (2016-07-01).
2564:
2535:
2510:
2394:
2249:
2163:
1188:
736:
567:
parenting arrangement until one parent has found a suitable home elsewhere.
128:
1818:
1674:"Close the pay gap? Get dads involved? Shared visitation, no child support"
1615:
1566:
1112:
2018:. National Parents Organization of Florida. April 17, 2016. Archived from
1987:
1934:
1580:
Bergström M; Fransson E; Modin B; Berlin M; Gustafsson P; Hjern A (2015).
1108:
helping parents maintain contact with children post relationship breakdown
2853:
2787:
2194:
728:
675:, with each custody decision made based upon a judge's assessment of the
254:
168:
576:
sole custody varies across countries, being most common in Scandinavia.
2490:
2454:
2126:
1912:
740:
526:
193:
163:
156:
2062:
1948:
Kentucky takes a leading role with the nation's best joint-custody law
1165:
2714:
2633:
2229:
2189:
2184:
2179:
1422:"What 'shared parenting' is and how it can affect kids after divorce"
534:
412:
387:
40:
2129:
Information and news about shared parenting and related legislation.
1502:
Barns boende (växelvis boende, hos mamma, hos pappa, etc.) 2012—2017
1138:
2054:
1785:"A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence"
1086:
promoting responsible shared parenting after separation and divorce
1067:
997:
931:
771:
National and International Shared Parenting Advocacy Organizations
538:
2321:
1961:
HF 322, Status in the House for the 87th Legislature (2011–2012)
1332:"To Nest or Not to Nest in Custody Cases? That is the Question…"
1020:
604:
relationship, and after adjusting for socio-economic variables.
2136:
2595:
889:
847:
1090:
2132:
870:
1491:, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 2011, 42:871-890.
1689:"Are Custody Laws Standing In The Way Of Gender Equity?"
954:
2016:"Governor Rick Scott Vetoes SB 668 – What Happens Now?"
755:
unnecessary financial burdens or conflict as a result.
320:
List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention
2097:
Notre Dame Journal of Legal Ethics & Public Policy
1208:
912:
808:
1230:
974:
2912:
2821:
2738:
2662:
2614:
2473:
2370:
2265:
2170:
878:Children's Rights Initiative for Shared Parenting
993:preserving the bond between parents and children
1892:de Blasio, Guido; Vuri, Daniela (8 July 2019).
1365:Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
735:. Similar laws were passed by both chambers in
1836:. Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice.
617:, Bergström did a follow-up study focusing on
2148:
469:
8:
1586:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
1894:"Effects of the Joint Custody Law in Italy"
693:Some legislatures have established a legal
2155:
2141:
2133:
1859:Maurice Vellacott (Saskatoon—Wanuskewin),
1377:
1375:
1309:. Duhaime's Law Dictionary. Archived from
769:
537:share the responsibility of raising their
476:
462:
29:
1808:
1722:"Want To Close The Pay Gap? Call On Dad!"
1605:
1556:
1546:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1399:
939:International Council on Shared Parenting
1759:
1757:
1016:förening för mammor, pappor och anhöriga
550:shared earning/shared parenting marriage
2002:"Offering rare kudos to Governor Scott"
1737:
1735:
1367:, Volume 195, March 2022, pp. 303-325.
1298:
39:
32:
1216:Georgia Parents for Kids' Rights, Inc.
1720:Shellie Karabell (October 30, 2016).
1055:Shared Parenting Council of Australia
950:at home at mum's and at home at dad's
804:between the parents - about the child
7:
794:Americans for Equal Shared Parenting
689:List of shared parenting legislation
49:Marriage and other unions and status
1639:Journal of Divorce & Remarriage
1514:Richard A. Warshak (May 26, 2017).
1448:Journal of Divorce & Remarriage
1420:Lois M Collins (February 5, 2016).
1196:Verein fĂĽr elterliche Verantwortung
2955:Parents Against Child Exploitation
1901:Journal of Empirical Legal Studies
1687:Eillie Anzilotti (April 3, 2017).
1388:Children and Youth Services Review
1075:Shared Parenting Information Group
962:Leading Women for Shared Parenting
816:Canadian Children's Rights Council
363:Hague Convention (child abduction)
25:
2925:Mothers Apart from Their Children
1950:, Courier Journal, June 15, 2018.
1834:"Arguments against Joint Custody"
1098:Shared Parenting Northern Ireland
833:Canadian Equal Parenting Council
2000:Paula Dockery (April 30, 2016).
1764:Robert E. Emery (May 18, 2009).
1742:Edward Kruk (October 10, 2018).
1707:"Equal Parenting and Caregiving"
1401:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.011
2783:Management of domestic violence
2629:Corporal punishment in the home
1972:Sasha Aslanian (May 24, 2012).
1184:ich brauche beide (I need both)
866:the best parent is both parents
743:, but vetoed by the governors.
2940:National Fatherhood Initiative
2078:Catholic University Law Review
1976:. Minnesota Public Radio News.
1850:, National Post, May 31, 2017.
1346:Bird's Nest Custody Definition
368:Hague Convention (maintenance)
1:
2945:National Parents Organization
2670:Adverse childhood experiences
1832:Dianne Post (December 1989).
1672:Emma Johnson (May 23, 2018).
1651:10.1080/10502556.2016.1185203
1460:10.1080/10502556.2018.1454204
1280:Joint custody (United States)
1048:europeanfathers.wordpress.com
1035:Platform for European Fathers
982:National Parents Organization
358:International child abduction
2710:Effects of domestic violence
2352:Social emotional development
2127:Equally Shared Parenting.com
1127:The Father's Rights Movement
1113:familiesinneedoffathers.info
443:Paternal rights and abortion
2526:Identification (psychology)
1480:Bjarnason T, Arnarsson AA.
1307:"Shared Custody Definition"
1270:Shared residency in England
908:because both parents matter
353:Hague Convention (adoption)
3032:
2950:Parent–teacher association
2725:Parental abuse by children
2606:Positive Parenting Program
2556:Parent management training
2551:Normative social influence
1344:Duhaime's Law Dictionary,
1068:flwg.com.au/guide/pg/spca/
686:
487:
212:Parenting coordinator (US)
2935:National Childbirth Trust
2730:Stress in early childhood
2450:Taking children seriously
2282:Applied behavior analysis
1801:10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.231
1709:. Women's Equality Party.
1676:. wealthysinglemommy.com.
855:Children's Rights Council
380:Family and criminal code
338:Private international law
332:Private international law
27:Child custody arrangement
3011:Fathers' rights movement
2591:The talk (sex education)
2302:Developmental psychology
1598:10.1136/jech-2014-205058
1548:10.1186/1471-2458-13-868
1139:fathersrightsmovement.us
423:Parental child abduction
270:Contact & visitation
157:Dissolution of marriages
2798:Parental responsibility
2758:Cost of raising a child
2004:. Tallahassee Democrat.
1988:Florida Senate Bill 668
1959:Minnesota Legislature,
1935:Kentucky House Bill 528
843:kids need both parents!
1863:, Parliament of Canada
1166:timetoputkidsfirst.org
1153:Time to Put Kids First
752:state bar associations
695:rebuttable presumption
511:joint physical custody
285:UN Rights of the Child
280:Grandparent visitation
207:Custody evaluator (US)
184:Matrimonial Causes Act
2920:Families Need Fathers
2481:After-school activity
2405:Concerted cultivation
2400:Buddha-like parenting
2332:Nature versus nurture
2297:Cognitive development
1285:Joint custody (Spain)
897:Families Need Fathers
265:Filial responsibility
260:Tender years doctrine
235:DNA paternity testing
93:Validity of marriages
2778:Right to family life
2705:Dysfunctional family
2415:Free-range parenting
2390:Attachment parenting
2380:Achievement ideology
1504:, November 11, 2018.
1265:Parental supervision
932:familyreunionusa.org
515:equal parenting time
448:Right to family life
110:Prenuptial agreement
105:Marriage certificate
80:Domestic partnership
2793:Parental alienation
2720:Narcissistic parent
2644:Positive discipline
2465:Work at home parent
2445:Strict father model
2430:Nurturant parenting
2337:Parental investment
2172:Kinship terminology
1986:Kelli Stargel (R),
1500:Statistics Sweden,
1334:. 21 February 2023.
1260:Parental alienation
1189:vaeterfuerkinder.de
998:sharedparenting.org
848:equal-parenting.org
772:
591:Scientific research
564:Bird's nest custody
174:Grounds for divorce
70:Common-law marriage
2839:T. Berry Brazelton
2576:Social integration
2312:Identity formation
1933:Jason Petrie (R),
1913:10.1111/jels.12225
1487:2017-11-19 at the
1351:2021-04-20 at the
1144:2019-01-30 at the
1118:2017-10-03 at the
1026:2019-01-24 at the
770:
641:career development
556:is different from
525:arrangement after
418:Legality of incest
124:Voidable marriages
115:Matrimonial regime
55:Types of marriages
18:Balanced parenting
2981:Children's rights
2963:
2962:
2773:Family disruption
2695:Cinderella effect
2675:Child abandonment
2649:Tactical ignoring
2546:Moral development
2425:Helicopter parent
2420:Gatekeeper parent
2385:Atlas personality
2362:Social psychology
2307:Human development
2292:Child development
2277:Attachment theory
2022:on March 13, 2019
1535:BMC Public Health
1236:
1235:
1102:Northern Ireland
662:Attachment Theory
630:Parental benefits
486:
485:
408:Domestic violence
382:(or criminal law)
290:Children's rights
224:Children's issues
16:(Redirected from
3023:
2813:Shared parenting
2624:Blanket training
2616:Child discipline
2256:In loco parentis
2235:Shared parenting
2157:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2043:Family Relations
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
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1938:
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1898:
1889:
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1864:
1857:
1851:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1770:Psychology Today
1761:
1752:
1751:
1748:Psychology Today
1739:
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1717:
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1471:
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1361:
1355:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1303:
1173:Väter für Kinder
828:canadiancrc.com
773:
699:shared parenting
554:Shared parenting
546:Shared Parenting
533:, in which both
499:shared residence
495:Shared parenting
478:
471:
464:
189:Legal separation
179:No-fault divorce
144:Amatonormativity
134:Marriageable age
100:Marriage licence
30:
21:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3016:Mothers' rights
3001:Gender equality
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2908:
2889:Matthew Sanders
2844:Rudolf Dreikurs
2817:
2803:Parents' rights
2763:Deadbeat parent
2740:
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2610:
2586:The talk (race)
2469:
2460:Tiger parenting
2366:
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2210:Extended family
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901:United Kingdom
890:crisp-india.org
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610:Malin Bergström
597:cross-sectional
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438:Paternity fraud
433:Parents' rights
428:Parental duties
383:
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2049:(4): 420–426.
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2899:B. F. Skinner
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2859:Haim Ginott
2834:John Bowlby
2680:Child abuse
2600:educational
2516:Habituation
2501:Co-sleeping
2287:Behaviorism
2215:Foster care
2205:Coparenting
2026:January 26,
1394:: 154–160.
1250:Coparenting
871:crckids.org
704:child abuse
683:Legislation
637:baby sitter
585:Scandinavia
393:Child abuse
300:Foster care
75:Civil union
65:Concubinage
2991:Family law
2970:Categories
2874:Truby King
2768:Disownment
2581:Television
2571:Role model
2496:Child care
2474:Techniques
2440:Soccer mom
2410:Enmeshment
2347:Pediatrics
1990:, LegiScan
1937:, LegiScan
1317:2019-01-24
1293:References
1059:Australia
1005:Pappa Barn
913:fnf.org.uk
779:Geography
733:Matt Bevin
673:family law
657:attachment
539:child(ren)
531:separation
488:See also:
240:Legitimacy
203:Residence
34:Family law
3006:Paternity
2986:Parenting
2808:Paternity
2739:Legal and
2639:Grounding
2536:Kommune 1
2511:Education
2486:Allowance
2395:Baby talk
2250:Surrogacy
2164:Parenting
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1921:158417533
1659:147782279
1468:149954035
975:lw4sp.org
809:afesp.com
737:Minnesota
727:In 2018,
651:Criticism
571:Frequency
544:The term
230:Paternity
129:Annulment
2854:Jo Frost
2788:Marriage
2654:Time-out
2230:Orphaned
2195:Adoptive
1819:22754606
1616:25922471
1567:24053116
1485:Archived
1349:Archived
1239:See also
1231:gpkr.org
1177:Germany
1142:Archived
1116:Archived
1024:Archived
788:Website
782:Founded
759:Advocacy
729:Kentucky
398:CPS (US)
348:Marriage
275:CAFCASS
255:Adoption
169:Adultery
2996:Divorce
2822:Experts
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2455:Theybie
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820:Canada
741:Florida
708:neglect
535:parents
527:divorce
521:) is a
343:Divorce
194:Alimony
164:Divorce
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2634:Curfew
2372:Styles
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2185:Mother
2180:Parent
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615:survey
413:Incest
388:Bigamy
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2663:Abuse
2270:Areas
2059:JSTOR
1917:S2CID
1897:(PDF)
1861:C-560
1655:S2CID
1620:S2CID
1464:S2CID
1203:1992
1180:1988
1160:2014
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1062:2002
1042:2011
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989:1998
969:2013
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839:2002
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776:Name
746:Some
714:Italy
2565:date
2561:Play
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1875:SSRN
1815:PMID
1612:PMID
1563:PMID
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1131:USA
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