230:. The original thirteen were Nat Kinney, James A. DeLong, Alonzo S. Prather, Yell Everett, James B. Rice, T.W. Phillips, James R VanZandt, Pat F. Fickle, Galba E. Branson, J. J. Brown, Charles H. Groom, James K. Polk McHaffie, and possibly Ben Price. During the period of 1865–1882, over thirty murders were committed, none leading to a conviction. The group was called both the "Citizen's Committee" and "The Law and Order League" by its members. However, because their secret meetings were held atop a "bald" mountaintop (in order to keep a lookout for spies), the public began to refer to them as the Bald Knobbers. As their numbers grew into the hundreds, out of a county of only 7,000 people, the original intent began to lose focus. Though initially praised for driving out the notorious outlaws, public sentiment soon turned against them.
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County chapter, it is doubtful this occurred since Kinney had recently disbanded the original group himself. There were also several differences between the groups. The
Christian County group held meetings at a large cave on the edge of the Walkers' land, and the members wore black hoods with cork or wooden horns protruding out of the top, decoratively designed with white or red stripes around the eyes, mouth, and horns, and sometimes with tassels dangling off the horn points. The members also routinely burned down saloons, and were generally more threatening than the Taney County group had been.
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Charles Green and the Green children ages three years and three months. The Bald-Knobbers busted in the windows and splintered in the doors of the tiny cabin, spraying shotgun blasts as they intruded. In the gunshot exchange, William Edens and
Charles Green were killed, James Edens seriously wounded from an axe blow to the head and Bald Knobbers William Walker and John Mathews shot. The wails of the women and children led neighbors to the scene of the massacre. First to arrive was Charles Green's father, George Green, who lived near enough to hear the shots.
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executing prisoners. After last-minute prayers and final goodbyes between a father and son, the trap was sprung. Onlookers watched the three men twist and writhe on ropes that were too long. The condemned men's feet dragged along the ground, and at one point young Billy's rope broke, leaving him writhing on the ground and calling out for help. He was re-hanged, and after thirty-four minutes, the last of them finally died. Public criticism of the botched executions ran rampant.
403:, and plans to help establish a stronger museum representation of the history in conjunction with the White River Valley Historical Society. On May 3, 2017, Missouri author Bruce L. Maggard, a descendant of the Walker family, published "When the Thunder Comes." This historical fiction novel accounts for the incidents that led to the Carroll County hangings, while adding fictional characters and external supernatural elements to the story.
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395:, premiered at several film festivals beginning in the spring of 2007 (winning the Gold Remi Award at Worldfest in Houston, TX), and had its television premiere on Jan. 13th, 2011, on the OPT Missouri PBS station as part of their Ozarks Reflections series. A feature film version is also in the works. There are few books and merchandise relating to Bald Knobber history, but documentary producer/director
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184:, which was formerly a part of the strip known as No-Man's-Land. He says grass is in abundance and cattle plenty, but no efforts are made at raising crops there, except roughness and alfalfa. The venerable gentleman owned a ranch in Taney County at the time of the Bald Knob uprising, and was the man who gave that organization its name.
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inducted, and several members were incensed by new remarks
William Edens had made about the band. As the meeting finished, many of the younger men headed home the long way, towards the Edens' cabin. Captain David Walker pleaded with them not to go, but his son Billy and several others, including Wiley Mathews, were headstrong.
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sent
Adjutant General J.C. Jamison to Forsyth to investigate the situation. Upon arrival, although the representative was pleased to see the atmosphere of order that prevailed, he recommended to Kinney that an official dissolution of the Bald Knobbers would be in the best interest of the county. That
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William Edens was a young opponent of the group, and would publicly criticize them. After he received several warnings (including a late-night beating), tragedy struck. The night of March 11, 1887, the
Christian County group met at the cave to discuss disbanding. However, that night new members were
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Though Dave Walker had attempted to prevent the men in his group from letting their actions escalate, his very presence in the nearby road at the time of the attack ultimately doomed him. After 80 men were indicted and tried in a series of worldwide-media covered trials over the course of the next
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hood with corners tied off like ears, and cut out eye and mouth holes. This fearsome appearance only inflamed the anti-sentiment, peaking with the formation of the anti-Bald
Knobbers. The Bald Knobbers were made up of both Democrats and Republicans. Nat Kinney was a Democrat and had run for office
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They began as a group dedicated to protecting life and property, aiding law enforcement officials in the apprehension of criminals, opposing corruption in local government, and punishing those who violated the social and religious mores of their community. In some places, the vigilantes gained much
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When the men discovered that Edens was not home, they continued up the road to the cabin of James and
Elizabeth Edens, William's parents. William Edens and his sick wife, Emma, were staying the night. So were James and Elizabeth's daughter Melvina who was sick with the measles, Melvina's husband,
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This loosely knit anti-Bald
Knobber faction was best represented by the 19-year-old orphan Andy Coggburn. Coggburn hated Kinney, a very persuasive individual with a mysterious past, who had moved into the area with his family two years before the Bald Knobbers came into being. Coggburn took great
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Though the
Kirbyville Shootout is seen as the general end to the story of the Bald Knobbers, there was at least one more quiet incident in 1890 involving an adulterer being lynched by a band of masked men, and here and there lie undocumented stories about unofficial retributions involving masked
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As the
Christian County men awaited their fate in jail, old rivalries ran rampant. A group of Anti-Bald Knobbers, still unsatisfied with the outsider Kinney's intrusion into their community, met together and selected an assassin for their cause. In August 1888, farmer Billy Miles entered a store
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Back in Christian County, the execution date came to bear on May 10, 1889. After a late night of prayer services and repentance, the next morning the three men were led out into an enclosed area and onto a scaffolding the sheriff built himself, despite not having any prior hanging experience in
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In a move towards moral straightening, the Christian County chapter was led by Dave Walker. However, his seventeen-year-old son Billy Walker was a wild force within their group. Though it is rumored the Walkers had invited Nat Kinney from neighboring Taney County to help institute the Christian
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was the most bustling town of Christian County due to the nearby railroad, and a prime market for timber made into railroad ties. However, Chadwick's design as a "railroad town" meant that saloons and brothels dominated the area, and led many men to gamble, drink, and whore away their week's
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in Forsyth began producing a "Law Day" festival, featuring a Bald Knobber pageant focusing on the Taney County Bald Knobber history. And finally, a documentary produced about the vigilantes, featuring several reenactments, original locations, and descendants of either side, entitled
246:. Newer reports say that Kinney was a Republican, however this is false. The anti-Bald Knobbers were also from both sides of the political aisle. When the county courthouse burned down, both rival sides pointed fingers at each other, intensifying the bitterness between the groups.
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18 months, it was ultimately decided that four would hang for the crimes: Dave Walker, his young son Billy, Deacon John Mathews and his nephew Wiley Mathews. Wiley would later escape the county's new jail, leaving the three others to be punished for the reign of the vigilantes.
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where Kinney was inventorying for the courts, and killed the ex-Bald Knobber leader with three shots from his pistol. He then stepped outside and surrendered to the law, claiming self-defense. The event made worldwide news, and Billy Miles was given full
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Picnic. They approached him with warning shots, and a gunfight broke out between the ex-Bald Knobber supporters, the Anti-Bald Knobber supporters, and the lawmen. Both Funk and Branson were killed, and Billy Miles and his brothers fled the area.
156:, United States from 1885 to 1889. They are commonly depicted wearing black horned hoods with white outlines of faces painted on them, a distinction that evolved during the rapid proliferation of the group into neighboring counties from its
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Taney County's loose Bald Knobber threads were being tied together at long last as well, as the law officially sought vengeance for Nat Kinney's untimely assassination. Sheriff Galba Branson enlisted the aide of an out-of-state
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pleasure in deriding Kinney, pulling pranks and speaking out against the vigilante gang. Kinney and his fellow Bald Knobbers held considerable pull in the county, and in no time Coggburn was shot and killed by Kinney in "
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had already adopted the idea of masked night riders, and disregarded the strict rules that had governed the original Taney county chapter. The Christian County group became the most notorious by far. At the time
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political influence, occupied key offices, and became effectively the ruling faction in local politics. They made many enemies, however, with whom they had several violent, sometimes fatal, confrontations.
375:(one word, and named solely for the humorous quality of the name rather than for any historical purpose); the Mabe family attraction started the music-show presence for which Branson has become famous.
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hoodlums in neighboring counties all the way up into the 1920s. Bald Knobber stories made headlines across the country at the time, and again as the original Bald Knobbers passed away.
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Hensley, John. "Ambivalence on the Arrested Frontier: Us, Them and the Other in Harold Bell Wright's" The Shepherd of the Hills": Mountain Stereotyping and Ambivalence."
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In 1883, thirteen men led by Nat N. Kinney formed the group, in retaliation against the hordes of invading marauders that had plagued the area since the start of the
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next day a formal dissolution ceremony was held in the town square where the Bald Knobbers were publicly disbanded, having served their original purpose.
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fighting. After the war the neighbor versus neighbor fighting continued throughout the state with perhaps the most famous being the actions of the
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theme park; it is a ride through a Bald Knobber theme, but not specifically grounded in any historical events. Starting in 2000, the
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In 1886, after gaining national notoriety from their exploits, and embarrassing state leaders, Missouri Governor
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As early as 1887 the Bald Knobber story was already being translated into popular culture as a play titled
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Missouri Legends – The Fierce Missouri Bald Knobbers – Legendsofamerica.com – Retrieved November 7, 2007
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of the nearby Ozark Mountains. The hill where they first met, Snapp's Bald, is located just north of
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named Ed Funk. Together they sought Billy Miles on the Fourth of July, 1889. After visiting several
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The Bald Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: A Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks
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The Bald Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: A Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks
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The Bald Knobbers of Southwest Missouri, 1885-1889: A Study of Vigilante Justice in the Ozarks
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During the Civil War, Missouri as a border state was hard hit by neighbor against neighbor
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has heavily researched and collected many items relating to the group in his creation of
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celebrations, they finally found him at a spring with a group of men on the edge of the
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Maggard, Bruce "When the Thunder Comes" (CreateSpace Publishing, May 3, 2017) 370 pp.
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Fire on the Mountain: Bald Knobbers as Heroes or Villains of the Ozarks Frontier?
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Fire on the Mountain: Bald Knobbers as Heroes or Villains of the Ozarks Frontier?
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over their lower faces, if any disguise at all, many soon adopted a simple white
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More recent Bald Knobber-related fare includes the indoor roller-coaster ride,
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The Bald Knobbers, who for the most part had sided with the Union in the
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Depiction of Bald Knobbers in the 1913 film The Baldknobbers in Missouri
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Vigilante group in the Ozarks of Missouri in the later 1880s.
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Faces Like Devils: The Bald Knobber Vigilantes in the Ozarks
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Although the men initially wore nothing more than a simple
423:(PhD dissertation Louisiana Tech University, 2011), p viii
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The Bald Knob Tragedy of Taney and Christian Counties
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555:(University of Missouri Press, 2015) xiv, 313 pp.
581:Bald Knobbers: Vigilantes on the Ozarks Frontier
569:Bittersweet: Bald Knobbers: The Ozark Vigilantes
526:Bald Knobbers: Vigilantes on the Ozarks Frontier
445:Bald Knobbers: Vigilantes on the Ozarks Frontier
160:origins. The group got its name from the grassy
493:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
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519:Bald Knobbers: Chronicles of Vigilante Justice
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168:. An article in the October 5, 1898 issue of
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196:. Hernando summarizes their political role:
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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583:: Mary Hartman, Elmo Ingenthron: Books
242:as such, though he had fought for the
458:"Bald Knobbers: The Ozark Vigilantes"
388:White River Valley Historical Society
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524:Hartman, Mary, and Elmo Ingenthron.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
443:Mary Hartman, and Elmo Ingenthron,
1208:Missouri in the American Civil War
635:Missouri in the American Civil War
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1218:Vigilantism in the United States
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489:Maggard, Bruce L. (3 May 2017).
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1203:People of the American Old West
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254:" outside the local church of
180:Henry Westmoreland is in from
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574:Baldknobbers past and present
274:Neighboring counties such as
270:The Christian County chapter
701:Price's Missouri Expedition
466:, Vol. 6 Num. 4 Summer 1979
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533:Studies in Popular Culture
528:(Pelican Publishing, 1988)
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591:by Damon Blalack on Vimeo
521:(The History Press, 2013)
364:The Shepherd of the Hills
222:The Taney County chapter
659:Harney–Price Convention
654:Capture of Camp Jackson
182:Beaver County, Oklahoma
491:When the Thunder Comes
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551:Hernando, Matthew J.
541:Hernando, Matthew J.
517:Anderson, Vincent S.
475:Matthew J. Hernando,
419:Matthew J. Hernando,
320:in very little time.
170:Springfield, Missouri
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589:Fire on the Mountain
401:Fire on the Mountain
166:Kirbyville, Missouri
152:region of southwest
54:improve this article
1198:American vigilantes
1193:History of Missouri
174:The Leader-Democrat
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384:Silver Dollar City
359:Harold Bell Wright
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1076:Island Mound
937:2nd Newtonia
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840:Island Mound
835:1st Newtonia
815:Moore's Mill
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52:Please help
47:verification
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989:Confederate
951:Involvement
912:Little Blue
876:Chalk Bluff
675:Confederacy
463:Bittersweet
318:exoneration
212:bushwhacker
1187:Categories
1110:Cemeteries
820:Kirksville
810:New Madrid
668:Combatants
407:References
338:Kirbyville
296:earnings.
244:Union Army
206:Background
146:vigilantes
110:March 2018
80:newspapers
1085:Newtonia
1081:Lexington
1054:memorials
1045:Aftermath
973:St. Louis
963:Centralia
866:Hartville
830:Lone Jack
729:Cole Camp
724:Boonville
689:Campaigns
382:, at the
276:Christian
1160:Category
1066:Carthage
927:Westport
922:Big Blue
734:Carthage
537:in JSTOR
293:Chadwick
235:kerchief
176:states:
154:Missouri
1171:Commons
982:Leaders
968:Osceola
902:Glasgow
897:Sedalia
779:Belmont
710:Battles
642:Origins
371:called
280:Douglas
256:Forsyth
148:in the
94:scholar
1061:Athens
744:Athens
596:IMDb:
547:online
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447:, p 30
286:, and
284:Greene
239:muslin
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1015:Union
680:Union
288:Stone
150:Ozark
101:JSTOR
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495:ISBN
140:The
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