33:
46:
188:
435:
419:
of 12–13 mm, ranging from pink to pale purple to withish. The corolla consist of a tube of about 6 mm and two lips; the upper one slightly concave (like a hood) and externally hairy; the lower one glabrous, with two minor lateral lobes and a major central bifid lobe. There are four
392:
are opposite and decussate, and range from oval-lanceolate to heart-shaped, with crenate or dentate border. Leaves, dark green and usually pubescent, measure 3–8 cm per 2–6 cm, and have 1–3 cm petiole. Upper face is wrinkled, with a net-like vein pattern.
447:
Each fertilized flower produces a tetrad of black nutlets, cylindrical to ovoid, 2 mm long, partially or fully covered by the calyx. The basal end is flat and attached to the receptacle, while the top end is rounded or pointed.
771:
Horehound takes its name from Horus, the
Egyptian god of sky and light. The Egyptian priests called this plant "Seed of Horus", or "Bull’s Blood" and "Eye of the Star."
1061:
1126:
345:
and to central Asia and it can be found throughout Europe. It is also naturalized in
Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States. It blooms in the
1390:
1009:
1087:
1022:
405:, subspherical to about one-sided, with 15 to 30 flowers. Each verticillaster consist of two condensed dichasial cymes at axils of normal leaves.
1247:
1162:
852:
1385:
986:
1365:
809:
790:
1144:
739:
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New
Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
1048:
1375:
1309:
1226:
1092:
1113:
534:, meaning the plant itself. This name refers to the hairs that give the herb its distinctive appearance. In modern times,
364:
or humidity, and can be recognized by its clusters of hairy, reddish-purple flowers. It can grow up to 3 feet in height.
1273:
1074:
924:
1314:
1260:
1131:
723:
32:
641:- southern Europe, Great Britain, Sweden, Caucasus, Iran, Turkey; naturalized in Belgium, New Zealand, Argentina
45:
1370:
1167:
1265:
553:
is a nitrophilous plant; it grows in ruins, fallows, and hedges at elevations up to 1300 m. It prefers loose,
538:
practitioners have referred to the plant as "seed of Horus" and suggested that horehound takes its name from
511:(to reject), because of the strong offensive odor of the plant; cattle will not eat it. The specific name
1380:
867:
757:
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of
Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166
1027:
480:
162:
845:
1154:
960:
748:
Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2010). Flora
Iberica 12: 1-650. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
535:
342:
1211:
346:
1105:
1332:
905:
472:
468:
203:
40:
1324:
1252:
476:
1066:
464:
381:, wooden and branched at bottom, covered by down folded hairs. The plant has a taproot system.
1188:
947:
823:
805:
786:
689:
1360:
1193:
767:
Champaign-Urbana Herb
Society — Herb of the Month, March 2004: Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
484:
1216:
1175:
856:
331:
83:
1234:
712:
425:
187:
70:
1239:
621:- central + southern Europe; naturalized in Sweden, Ukraine, Cyprus, Turkey, Argentina
1354:
496:
402:
178:
424:, running parallel under the upper lip, with glabrous filaments and yellow anthers.
1337:
411:
has an actinomorphic calyx (length 9–10 mm, width 7 mm), made up by five
952:
929:
916:
1301:
1278:
1118:
1100:
1035:
899:
781:
Conti, Fabio; Carlo Blasi; Alessandro
Alessandrini; Giovanna Abbate (May 2005).
529:
766:
554:
519:
460:
378:
991:
890:
1079:
973:
338:
129:
1291:
1203:
1180:
434:
1286:
1139:
939:
884:
558:
119:
109:
96:
1001:
1014:
139:
525:
1040:
570:
421:
408:
389:
861:
1053:
978:
539:
433:
416:
412:
57:
431:
Below the calyx there are five filiform bracts, 8 mm long.
361:
334:
965:
865:
730:
includes distribution maps for Italy, Europe, and North
America
561:) soils. It tolerates temperatures as low as -5°/-10 °C.
428:
is superior, with a single white style and a 2-parted stigma.
569:
Usually the plant is used dry and harvested when blooming.
415:
fused together in a tube with five teeths; and a labiate
16:
Species of flowering plants in the sage family
Lamiaceae
654:- Mediterranean region; Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores
819:
360:
has a very strong characteristic smell reminiscent of
783:
An annotated
Checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora
874:
804:. Vol. 2. Bologna: Edagricole. p. 462.
518:The common name comes from the Old English words
515:could refer to the black colour of dried leaves.
724:Altervista Flora Italiana, Marrubio selvatico,
713:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
680:- Slovenia, Croatia; naturalized in Argentina
8:
862:
186:
31:
20:
700:
708:
706:
704:
826:from the original on 24 February 2011
7:
1315:16f8b2bd-b632-4d60-8237-556905dbca2a
1155:6246f94b-d341-44af-8c01-43075ac71e5c
850:from the website MaltaWildPlants.com
14:
1391:Flora of the Mediterranean Basin
1266:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:444976-1
44:
573:can be made from fresh plants.
1:
667:- Albania, Macedonia, Greece
377:It has herbaceous ascending
1386:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
495:The plant was described by
1407:
846:Comprehensive profile for
800:Pignatti, Sandro (1982).
401:Flowers are organized in
209:
202:
194:
185:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1366:Plants described in 1753
546:Distribution and habitat
542:, the Egyptian sun god.
581:Recognized subspecies:
438:Black horehound flowers
491:Taxonomy and etymology
439:
341:. It is native to the
1376:Flora of North Africa
507:comes from the Greek
503:(May 1753). The name
437:
631:- Iran, Iraq, Turkey
536:alternative medicine
524:, meaning "downy or
483:. Also, it contains
349:from May to August.
343:Mediterranean region
347:Northern Hemisphere
261:Ballota urticifolia
855:2010-12-18 at the
481:7-acetoxymarrubiin
440:
1348:
1347:
1189:Open Tree of Life
868:Taxon identifiers
679:
666:
653:
630:
620:
607:
594:
501:Species Plantarum
319:
318:
313:
305:
301:Ballota bracteosa
297:
296:Schrad. ex Steud.
289:
281:
273:
265:
264:Ortmann ex Nestl.
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
217:
1398:
1341:
1340:
1328:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1305:
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1256:
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1220:
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1207:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1171:
1170:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1121:
1119:NBNSYS0000004238
1109:
1108:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1056:
1044:
1043:
1031:
1030:
1018:
1017:
1005:
1004:
995:
994:
982:
981:
969:
968:
956:
955:
943:
942:
933:
932:
920:
919:
910:
909:
908:
895:
894:
893:
863:
835:
833:
831:
815:
796:
773:
764:
758:
755:
749:
746:
740:
737:
731:
721:
715:
710:
677:
664:
651:
628:
618:
605:
592:
485:phenylpropanoids
311:
309:Ballota submitis
303:
295:
287:
280:Willd. ex Steud.
279:
277:Ballota ampliata
271:
269:Ballota aristata
263:
255:
247:
245:Ballota velutina
239:
231:
223:
215:
213:Marrubium nigrum
190:
174:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1371:Flora of Europe
1351:
1350:
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1176:Observation.org
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938:
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928:
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857:Wayback Machine
842:
829:
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812:
799:
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776:
765:
761:
756:
752:
747:
743:
738:
734:
722:
718:
711:
702:
697:
690:White Horehound
687:
665:(Vandas) Patzak
627:subsp. kurdica
579:
567:
548:
493:
454:
445:
403:verticillasters
399:
387:
375:
370:
355:
328:black horehound
312:(Borbás) Borbás
256:Paulet ex Pers.
237:Stachys ballota
229:Ballota sordida
221:Ballota foetida
181:
176:
170:
157:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
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1353:
1352:
1346:
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1343:
1342:
1338:wfo-0000315321
1329:
1319:
1306:
1296:
1283:
1270:
1257:
1244:
1231:
1221:
1208:
1198:
1185:
1172:
1159:
1149:
1136:
1123:
1110:
1097:
1084:
1071:
1058:
1045:
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996:
983:
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944:
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921:
911:
896:
880:
878:
872:
871:
866:
860:
859:
841:
840:External links
838:
837:
836:
816:
810:
802:Flora d'Italia
797:
791:
785:. p. 60.
775:
774:
759:
750:
741:
732:
716:
699:
698:
696:
693:
686:
683:
682:
681:
678:(Posp.) Patzak
668:
655:
642:
632:
622:
609:
596:
595:- Iran, Turkey
578:
575:
566:
563:
547:
544:
492:
489:
453:
450:
444:
441:
398:
395:
386:
383:
374:
371:
369:
366:
354:
351:
337:of the family
317:
316:
315:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
253:Ballota sepium
250:
242:
234:
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192:
191:
183:
182:
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68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1403:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Garden plants
1379:
1377:
1374:
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1367:
1364:
1362:
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1358:
1356:
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1311:
1307:
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1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1217:Ballota nigra
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:Ballota_nigra
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1145:Ballota~nigra
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
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958:
954:
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945:
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931:
926:
922:
918:
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907:
906:Ballota nigra
901:
897:
892:
886:
882:
881:
879:
877:
876:Ballota nigra
873:
869:
864:
858:
854:
851:
849:
848:Ballota nigra
844:
843:
839:
825:
821:
817:
813:
811:88-506-2449-2
807:
803:
798:
794:
792:88-7621-458-5
788:
784:
779:
778:
772:
768:
763:
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751:
745:
742:
736:
733:
729:
727:
726:Ballota nigra
720:
717:
714:
709:
707:
705:
701:
694:
692:
691:
684:
676:
672:
671:Ballota nigra
669:
663:
659:
658:Ballota nigra
656:
650:
646:
645:Ballota nigra
643:
640:
636:
635:Ballota nigra
633:
626:
625:Ballota nigra
623:
617:
613:
612:Ballota nigra
610:
604:
600:
599:Ballota nigra
597:
591:
587:
586:Ballota nigra
584:
583:
582:
576:
574:
572:
564:
562:
560:
556:
552:
551:Ballota nigra
545:
543:
541:
537:
533:
532:
527:
523:
522:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:Ballota nigra
451:
449:
442:
436:
432:
429:
427:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
404:
396:
394:
391:
384:
382:
380:
373:Stem and root
372:
367:
365:
363:
359:
358:Ballota nigra
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
325:
324:
323:Ballota nigra
310:
307:
302:
299:
294:
293:Ballota rubra
291:
286:
285:Ballota hirta
283:
278:
275:
270:
267:
262:
259:
254:
251:
246:
243:
238:
235:
230:
227:
222:
219:
216:(L.) Garsault
214:
211:
210:
208:
205:
201:
198:
197:Ballota nigra
193:
189:
184:
180:
175:
173:
172:Ballota nigra
167:
164:
163:Binomial name
160:
156:
155:
154:B. nigra
150:
147:
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143:
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138:
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71:Tracheophytes
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
25:Ballota nigra
22:
19:
875:
847:
828:. Retrieved
801:
782:
770:
762:
753:
744:
735:
725:
719:
688:
674:
670:
661:
657:
648:
644:
638:
634:
624:
619:(Vis.) Hayek
615:
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598:
589:
585:
580:
568:
550:
549:
530:
520:
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
494:
461:diterpenoids
456:
455:
452:Biochemistry
446:
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103:
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
1101:NatureServe
1036:iNaturalist
900:Wikispecies
830:23 February
652:(Sw.) Briq.
473:ballotinone
469:ballonigrin
420:didynamous
353:Description
84:Angiosperms
1355:Categories
1322:WisFlora:
1235:Plant List
695:References
577:Subspecies
555:calcareous
477:ballotenol
368:Morphology
1240:kew-19633
649:ruderalis
629:P.H.Davis
593:P.H.Davis
590:anatolica
465:marrubiin
459:contains
339:Lamiaceae
332:perennial
195:Range of
148:Species:
130:Lamiaceae
54:Kingdom:
1310:VicFlora
1299:VASCAN:
1292:17600025
1287:Tropicos
1201:PalDat:
1140:NSWFlora
1106:2.141549
1067:10200205
1054:444976-1
937:BioLib:
885:Wikidata
853:Archived
824:Archived
685:See also
675:velutina
608:- Greece
559:alkaline
497:Linnaeus
204:Synonyms
126:Family:
120:Lamiales
110:Asterids
97:Eudicots
1361:Ballota
1015:2926894
891:Q157878
673:subsp.
662:sericea
660:subsp.
647:subsp.
637:subsp.
616:foetida
614:subsp.
606:Greuter
603:anomala
601:subsp.
588:subsp.
528:", and
505:Ballota
422:stamens
417:corolla
397:Flowers
330:, is a
232:Salisb.
141:Ballota
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
1248:PLANTS
1194:298394
1181:135634
1152:NZOR:
1132:194200
1080:112653
1028:104824
1002:balnig
999:FoIO:
992:174563
966:579636
930:105608
917:143976
914:APDB:
820:"IPNI"
808:
789:
571:Syrups
413:sepals
409:Flower
390:Leaves
385:Leaves
288:Steud.
240:Kuntze
1224:PFI:
1163:NZPCN
1093:32456
1062:IRMNG
1041:56158
987:EUNIS
979:BLLNI
940:41060
639:nigra
540:Horus
526:hoary
513:nigra
509:ballo
463:like
443:Fruit
426:Ovary
379:stems
272:Rchb.
248:Posp.
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1325:2713
1302:6358
1279:1964
1261:POWO
1253:BANI
1227:4509
1212:PfaF
1168:2451
1127:NCBI
1088:ITIS
1049:IPNI
1023:GRIN
1010:GBIF
974:EPPO
953:KHNL
925:APNI
832:2011
806:ISBN
787:ISBN
565:Uses
531:hune
479:and
362:mold
335:herb
304:Ball
224:Lam.
1333:WFO
1274:RHS
1114:NBN
1075:ISC
961:EoL
948:CoL
521:har
499:in
1357::
1335::
1312::
1289::
1276::
1263::
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1214::
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1178::
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1129::
1116::
1103::
1090::
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1038::
1025::
1012::
989::
976::
963::
950::
927::
902::
887::
822:.
769::
728:L.
703:^
487:.
475:,
471:,
467:,
326:,
179:L.
106::
93::
80::
67::
834:.
814:.
795:.
557:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
