154:
324:, released in 1935, brought the style to the attention of the general public. American style rhumba is taught in a box step, known for its slow-quick-quick pattern danced on the 1, 3, and 4 beats of 4-beat music. International style rhumba was developed in Europe by Monsieur Pierre after he compared the established American style with contemporary Cuban dancers. International style is taught in a quick-quick-slow pattern danced on the 2, 3, and 4 beats of 4 beat music, similar in step and motion to the
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776:. International Dance Publications Ltd. p .9, puts it like this (after taking a step to side): "Transfer full weight to this foot allowing the pelvis to move sideways and back so that the weight is felt to be near the heel of the standing foot. The knee of the supporting leg is locked back." This description incidentally illustrates the difficulty of describing body movements in print.
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The international ballroom rumba is a slower dance of about 120 beats per minute which corresponds, both in music and in dance, to what the Cubans of an older generation called the bolero-son. It is easy to see why, for ease of reference and for marketing, rhumba is a better name, however inaccurate;
284:
The kind of rhumba introduced into dance salons in
America and Europe in the 1930s was characterized by variable tempo, sometimes nearly twice as fast as the modern ballroom rumba, which was developed as a dance in the 1940s and 1950s, when the original music movement had died down. Nonetheless, the
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period, and have developed their own life since then. Competition figures are often complex, and this is where competition dance separates from social dance. Details can be obtained from the syllabuses of dance teaching organizations and from standard texts.
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All social dances in Cuba involve a hip-sway over the standing leg and, though this is scarcely noticeable in fast salsa, it is more pronounced in the slow ballroom rumba. In general, steps are kept compact and the dance is danced generally without any
203:
and a trumpet solo (the first one in the recorded history of Cuban music) by
Remberto Lara, the recording, arranged by saxophonist Alfredo Brito, attempted to adapt the Cuban son to the style of ballroom music prevalent at the time in the East Coast.
317:
Two variations of rhumba with opposing step patterns are danced around the world. American style rumba was imported to
America by band directors like Emil Coleman and Don AspiazĂș between 1913 and 1935. The film
129:. Although taking its name from the latter, ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance. Hence, authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word (
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arranged, in this case, for AzpiazĂș's big band featuring three saxophones, two cornets, banjo, guitar, piano, violin, bass, and trap drums. With vocals by
737:; he and his partner were commonly referred to as "Monsieur Pierre and Doris Lavelle"; therefore some writers have incorrectly assumed that Pierre's
395:. This style is authentic, as is the use of free arms in various figures. The basic figures derive from dance moves observed in Havana in the pre-
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between 1913 and 1915, the history of rhumba as a specific form of ballroom music can be traced back to May 1930, when
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rhumba craze would be the first of three Latin music crazes in the first half of the 20th century, together with the
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which occurs in social dance and in international competitions. Of the five competitive international Latin dances (
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187:, became a hit, becoming the first Latin song to sell 1 million copies in the United States. The song, composed by
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Seattle's
Capitol Hill neighborhood has dance steps in the sidewalks on Broadway Ave. This one shows Rumba steps.
245:". This music movement, which also included many American big bands that covered Latin standards, was dubbed the
269:. Rhumba was also incorporated into classical music, as exemplified by symphonic pieces by composers such as
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Vocals, trumpet, saxophone, trombone, guitar, piano, violin, bass, maracas, congas, bongos, timbales, drums
356:, and rumba), it is the slowest. This ballroom rumba was derived from a Cuban rhythm and dance called the
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Lavelle (1983). The introduction tells the story of Pierre's visits to Cuba, but with inaccurate dates.
364:; the international style was derived from studies of dance in Cuba in the pre-revolutionary period.
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The modern international style of dancing the rumba derives from studies made by dance teacher
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There is also a variant, commonly danced in the United States, with box-like basic figures.
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Nationalizing
Blackness: Afrocubansimo and artistic Revolution in Havana, 1920-1940
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Representing the Good
Neighbor: Music, Difference, and the Pan American Dream
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This article is about the ballroom dance. For other musical styles, see
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Ballroom, Boogie, Shimmy Sham, Shake: A Social and
Popular Dance Reader
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Daniel, Yvonne (2009). "Rumba Then and Now". In Malnig, Julie (ed.).
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began to be used by
American record companies to label all kinds of
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Soon, AzpiazĂș's style was followed by other Cuban artists such as
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527:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 115â116, 200.
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654:. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 255.
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Glamour addiction: inside the
American ballroom dance industry
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it is the same kind of reason that led later on to the use of
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bronze and silver medals of dance teaching organizations. (
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100 years of nce: a history of the ISTD Examinations Board
820:
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Encyclopedia of Great
Popular Song Recordings, Volume 2
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Diccionario enciclopĂ©dico de la mĂșsica en Cuba, Vol. 4
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as an overall term for popular music of Cuban origin.
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and his Havana Casino Orchestra recorded their song "
497:. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois. p. 162.
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733:notes that Pierre Margolle's professional name was
589:. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. pp. 175â176.
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249:. Notable bandleaders of the rhumba craze include
684:Encyclopedic Discography of Cuban Music 1925-1960
549:Revisiting music theory: a guide to the practice
470:. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. pp. 43â46.
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750:Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing 2004.
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628:Discography of American Historical Recordings
624:"The Peanut Vendor (Victor matrix BVE-62152)"
583:Sullivan, Steve (2013). "The Peanut Vendor".
183:. This single, released four months later by
117:music with Afro-Cuban rhythms, primarily the
8:
686:. Florida International University Libraries
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829:
821:
36:
371:(Pierre Zurcher-Margolle), who partnered
464:Drake-Boyt, Elizabeth (2011). "Rhumba".
802:. International Dance Publications Ltd.
613:. Havana, Cuba: Letras Cubanas. p. 147.
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113:during the 1930s. It combined American
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328:. Both styles were canonized in 1955.
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800:The Laird Technique of Latin Dancing
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675:DĂaz Ayala, CristĂłbal (Fall 2013).
105:, is a genre of ballroom music and
227:". Among their numerous hits were
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305:American style rhumba box figure
133:) to distinguish between them.
111:East Coast of the United States
60:East Coast of the United States
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720:. 3rd ed. London, UK: Black.
219:, since they used to borrow
811:McMains, Juliet E. (2006).
718:Latin & American dances
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787:Medal examinations (dance)
223:rhythms in songs such as "
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179:" (The Peanut Vendor) in
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51:, American ballroom music
547:Blatter, Alfred (2007).
907:Rhumba (ballroom rumba)
716:Lavelle, Doris (1983).
521:Hess, Carol A. (2013).
27:Style of ballroom dance
798:Laird, Walter (2003).
772:Laird, Walter (2003).
704:Daniel (2009). p. 164.
609:Giro, Radamés (2007).
568:Daniel (2009). p. 156.
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938:Cuban styles of music
648:Moore, Robin (1997).
336:Rhumba is one of the
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109:that appeared in the
677:"Lecuona Cuban Boys"
375:. Pierre, then from
446:Cha-cha-cha (dance)
442:Cha-cha-cha (music)
332:International style
67:Typical instruments
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259:Nathaniel Shilkret
213:Lecuona Cuban Boys
163:Although the term
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423:Cuban rumba
350:cha-cha-cha
326:cha-cha-cha
291:cha-cha-cha
263:Leo Reisman
177:El manisero
173:Don AzpiazĂș
169:Latin music
121:, but also
886:BatĂĄ-rumba
859:Sub-genres
690:October 4,
633:October 4,
452:References
418:Son cubano
119:son cubano
49:Son cubano
876:GuaguancĂł
739:last name
551:. p. 28.
342:pasodoble
237:such as "
234:canciones
75:Subgenres
951:Category
871:Columbia
412:See also
211:and the
115:big band
293:craze.
243:Siboney
241:" and "
239:Amapola
229:boleros
191:, is a
145:Rhumba
957:Rhumba
881:Tahona
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531:
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377:London
358:bolero
197:pregĂłn
185:Victor
165:rhumba
158:Rhumba
147:rhythm
131:rhumba
99:Rhumba
40:Rhumba
866:YambĂș
852:Rumba
680:(PDF)
385:salsa
346:samba
321:Rumba
297:Dance
287:mambo
221:conga
137:Music
127:rumba
123:conga
107:dance
32:Rumba
692:2015
656:ISBN
635:2015
591:ISBN
553:ISBN
529:ISBN
499:ISBN
472:ISBN
354:jive
277:and
265:and
231:and
125:and
362:son
193:son
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