1121:
1578:
1962–63 and 1973–1977, with a new ongoing low-intensity insurgency beginning in 2003. Historically, drivers of the conflict are reported to include "tribal divisions", the Baloch-Pashtun ethnic divisions, "marginalization by
Punjabi interests", and "economic oppression". However, over the years, insurgency waged by separatist militants declined as result of crackdown by Pakistani security forces, infighting among the separatist militants and assassinations of Baloch politicians willing to take part in Pakistan's democratic process by the separatist militants. Separatist militants in Pakistan demand more autonomy and a greater share in the region's natural resources. The Baloch population in Pakistan has endured grave violations of human rights, which include extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and torture. These actions are purportedly perpetrated by state security forces and their associates. In 2019, United States declared
1223:. The fundamental objective of the British to enter into a treaty agreement with the Khanate of Kalat was to provide a passage and supplies to the "Army of Indus" on its way to Kandahar through Shikarpur, Jacobabad (Khangadh), Dhadar, Bolan Pass, Quetta, and Khojak Pass. It is interesting to note that the British imperialist interests in Balochistan were not primarily economic as was the case with other regions of India. Rather, it was of a military and geopolitical nature. Their basic objective in their advent in Balochistan was to station garrisons so as to defend the frontiers of British India from any threat coming from Iran and Afghanistan.
64:
644:
669:
1148:. The relation between the Ghaznavids and the Baloch had never been peaceful. Turan and Makuran came under the Ghaznavids founder Sebuktegin's suzerainty as early as 976-977 CE (Bosworth, 1963). The Baloch tribes fought against Sebuktegin when he attacked Khuzdar in 994. The Baloch were in the army of Saffarids Amir Khalaf and fought against Mahmud when the Ghaznavids forces invaded Sistan in 1013 (Muir, 1924). Many other occasions were mentioned by the historians of the Ghaznavids era in which the Baloch came into confrontation with the Ghaznavids forces (Nizam al-Mulk, 1960).
1398:
1255:
1200:
they began to make alliances and organized themselves into a more structured way. The structural solution to this problem was to create tribal confederacies or unions. Thus, in conditions of insecurity and disorder or when threatened by a predatory regional authority or a hostile central government, several tribal communities would form a cluster around a chief who had demonstrated his ability to offer protection and security.
263:
3353:
1304:
373:
351:
340:
329:
318:
307:
296:
274:
252:
230:
219:
882:
362:
285:
241:
1086:. The relationship between the Baloch and nearly all these powers were hostile, and the Baloch suffered enormously during this long period. The Baloch encounters with these powers and the subsequent Baloch miseries forced the Baloch tribes to move from the areas of conflicts and to settle in the farflung and inaccessible regions. The bloody conflicts with
2550:
1227:
British contingent under the command of Major Brown on May 11, 1840, attacked the Mari headquarter of Kahan and occupied Kahan Fort and the surrounding areas (Masson, 1974). The Mari forces withdrew from the area, regrouped, and in an ambush wiped out a whole convoy of
British troops near Filiji, killing more than one hundred British troops.
1156:
cattle breeding. Settled agriculture became a necessity for the survival of herds and an increased population. They began to combine settled agriculture with animal husbandry. The Baloch tribes now consisted of sedentary and nomadic population, a composition that remained an established feature of the Baloch tribes until recently.
1199:
The areas of
Balochistan where the Baloch tribes moved in had a sedentary population, and the Baloch tribes were compelled to deal with their sedentary neighbors. Being in a weaker position, the Baloch tribes were in need of constant vigils for their survival in new lands. To deal with this problem,
2429:
Furthermore, Congress leadership of
Balochistan was united and there was no disagreement over its president, Samad Khan Achakzai. On the other hand, Qazi Isa was the president of the League in Balochistan. Surprisingly, he was neither a Balochi nor a Sardar. Consequently, all Sardars except Jaffar
1577:
The
Balochistan region has also experienced a number of insurgencies with separatist militants demanding independence of Baloch regions in the three countries to form "Greater Balochistan". In Pakistan, insurgencies by separatist militants in Balochistan province have been fought in 1948, 1958–59,
1359:
o Maraka, for resolution of disputes among the Baloch, is a much-honored tradition. In a broader context, it is, in a way, accepting the guilt by the accused or offender and asking for forgiveness from the affected party. Usually, the offender himself does this by going to the home of the affected
1344:
The cultural values which are the pillars of the Baloch individual and national identity were firmly established during the twelfth and sixteenth centuries, a period which not only brought sufferings for the Baloch and forced them into en masse migrations but also brought fundamental sociocultural
1155:
During the long period of en masse migrations, the Baloch were traveling through settled territories, and it could not have been possible to survive simply as wandering nomads. Perpetual migrations, hostile attitudes of other tribes and rulers, and adverse climactic conditions ruined much of their
995:
emperor. According to
Shustheri (1925), Darius III, after much hesitation, assembled an army at Arbela to counter the army of invading Greeks. His cousin Besius was the commander, leading the horsemen from Balkh. Berzanthis was the commander of the Baloch forces, Okeshthra was the commander of the
2131:
The Sibi division was carved out of the Quetta and Kalat
Divisions in April, 1974, and comprises districts of Sibi, Kachhi, Nasirabad, Kohlu and Dera Bugti. The Division derives its name from the town of Sibi or Sewi. The local tradition attributes the origin of this name to Rani Sewi of the Sewa
1195:
Baloch tribalism in medieval times was synonymous with pastoral nomadism. Nomadic people, as observed by Heape (1931), regard themselves as the superior of sedentary or agriculturist. It is, perhaps, because the occupation of nomads made them strong, active, and inured to hardship and the dangers
1352:
way of life and the inclination to resist the assimilation attempts of various powerful ethnic identities shaped the peculiar Baloch ethnic identity. It was the persecution by strong and organized religions for the last two thousand years that has shaped their secular attitude about religion in
1226:
Beginning from 1840, there began a general insurrection against the
British rule throughout Balochistan. The Baloch were not ready to accept their country as part of an occupied Afghanistan and to be ruled under a puppet Khan. The Mari tribe rose in revolt and the British retaliated in force. A
697:. Since the Baloch people are not mentioned in pre-Islamic sources, it is likely that the Baloch were known by some other name in their place of origin and that they acquired the name "Baloch" only after arriving in Balochistan sometime in the 10th century.
1151:
There are only passing references of Baloch encounters with the Mongol hordes. In one of the classical
Balochi ballads, there is mention of a Baloch chieftain, Shah Baloch, who, no doubt, heroically resisted a Mongol advance somewhere in Sistan.
3183:
1374:
ways. Surprisingly, no significant changes can be observed in the
Balochi dress since the ancient times. A typical Balochi outfit consisted of loose-fitting and many-folded trousers held by garters, bobbed hair, shirt
2457:
A 5.9 magnitude quake struck Balochistan province, Pakistan at 03:01 am on 7 October 2021 local time at a depth of 20km. According to the Disaster Management Authority, at least 20 people were killed and about 300
1589:
In Iran, separatist fighting has reportedly not gained as much ground as the conflict in Pakistan, but has grown and become more sectarian since 2012, with the majority-Sunni Baloch showing a greater degree of
1981:
1379:), and a head turban. Generally, both hair and beard were carefully curled, but, sometimes, they depended on long straight locks. A typical dress of a Baloch woman consists of a long frock and trouser (
1484:
Historically, there is no documented evidence of religious practices of the Baloch in ancient times. Many among the Baloch writers observed that the persecutions of the Baloch by the Sassanid emperors
3277:
2401:
Besides the Balochistan Muslim League, three pro-Congress parties were still active in Balochistan's politics: the Anjuman-i Watan, the Jamiatul Ulama u Hind, and the Qalat State National Party.
1500:
religion at the time of their fatal encounters with Sassanid forces. No elaborate structure of religious institutions has been discerned in the Baloch society during the Middle Ages. The Baloch
964:
and other Vedic and Iranian sources. The Parata kings are primarily known through their coins, which typically exhibit the bust of the ruler (with long hair in a headband) on the obverse, and a
1346:
1120:
889:
Gül motifs in offset coloration. The somber background colors are characteristic of Baluch weavings. This likely was a commission for a tribal Khan or chieftain for ceremonial use.
1353:
social or community affairs. Their independent and stubborn behavior as the distinctive feature of the Baloch identity is consistent with their nomadic or agro-pastoral past.
916:. These villages expanded in size during the subsequent Chalcolithic when interaction was amplified. This involved the movement of finished goods and raw materials, including
2082:
The Hindus of Kalat town may indeed be far more indigenous since they claim descent from the ancient Sewa dynasty that ruled Kalat long before the Brahui came to Baluchistan.
2885:
2939:
4052:
3270:
2840:
2819:
63:
1989:
3848:
1366:
code and personal upkeeping are among the cultural values, which distinguish a Baloch from others. The Baloch dress and personal upkeeping very much resemble the
1546:. An estimated 6.9 million of Pakistan's population is Baloch. In Iran there are about two million ethnic Baloch and a majority of the population of the eastern
3637:
3263:
2099:
The country up to and including Multan was conquered by the Arabs and the Hindu dynasty of Sind and probably also the Sewa dynasty of Kalat came to an end.
2925:
1682:
726:
disappears from the Mesopotamian records at the beginning of the second millennium BCE. However, Hansman states that a trace of it in a modified form, as
4032:
2980:
2300:
1016:, Gurgan, and Khurasan. Obviously, as part of a losing side, the Baloch certainly got their share of punishment from the victorious Macedonian forces.
3763:
1492:
had a strong religious or sectarian element. They believed that there are strong indications that the Baloch were the followers of Mazdakian and
2268:
1345:
transformation of the Baloch society. An overlapping of pastoral ecology and tribal structure had shaped contemporary Baloch social values. The
3107:
2394:
2278:
2227:
2124:
1953:
1740:
1437:
is one of the most important and well-known balochi song genres, often described as the “Balochi classical music” by the Baloch themselves.
1239:
818:, and suggests the meaning "western extremity" (of the Dravidian-speaking regions in the Indian subcontinent). A literal translation into
4174:
3833:
3828:
3710:
711:
4130:
4057:
4047:
3838:
3705:
2763:
2145:"The Regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan and Kashmir: the Historical, Social and Economic Setting | Programme des Routes de la Soie"
4020:
2422:
2366:
1525:
490:
4189:
3630:
3286:
2900:
4194:
4179:
3742:
3670:
1603:
1547:
643:
668:
4072:
4025:
3608:- formerly part of Quetta Division; - formerly part of Kalat Division; - formerly part of Zhob Division ; - abolished
1055:
2373:
The British began to assume control over the rough desert region in extreme western India known as Baluchistan in the 1870s.
2255:
The Brahui Khans of Qalat were dominant from the 17th century onwards until the arrival of the British in the 19th century.
4077:
4184:
3768:
3758:
1780:
1231:
31:
4062:
3843:
3784:
3692:
3623:
1579:
1293:
1289:
1235:
4042:
3737:
2442:
1730:
4067:
4015:
3697:
2793:
1521:
933:
901:, and chipped and flaked stone tools. The earliest settled villages in the region date to the ceramic Neolithic (
707:
3250:
2519:
1872:, Ch. 17: "The identification of Meluhha with the Greater Indus Valley is now almost universally accepted."
3717:
3676:
1686:
596:
74:
2696:
4199:
3806:
3789:
3727:
3597:
3516:
2644:
1297:
787:
936:
cultural orbit, providing key resources to the expansive settlements of the Indus river basin to the east.
3889:
3794:
3445:
3422:
1583:
1551:
1509:
1325:
1160:
876:
592:
2543:
3919:
3853:
3732:
3722:
3665:
2624:
1570:
provinces. The governors of Nimruz province in Afghanistan belong to the Baloch ethnic group. President
1543:
1216:
929:
715:
682:
657:
588:
1757:
1542:. The largest portion in area and population is in Pakistan, whose largest province (in land area) is
4169:
4102:
3984:
3904:
3894:
2243:
686:
661:
3211:
3959:
3478:
3402:
3239:
1732:
The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the Fall of the Baloch State
1501:
1285:
Insurgencies took place in Pakistani Balochistan during 1948, 1958–59, 1962–63 and from 1973–1977.
1035:
984:
834:
791:
731:
2052:
1800:
969:
3989:
3949:
3899:
3879:
3799:
3646:
3592:
3417:
3412:
3397:
3389:
3163:
3132:
3062:
3054:
3026:
3018:
1630:
1599:
1465:
1212:
1184:
1176:
997:
827:
2721:
1664:
2358:
3939:
3929:
3924:
3536:
3200:
3192:
3103:
2940:"The untold story of human rights violations in Balochistan: Unveiling the historical context"
2771:
2418:
2390:
2362:
2274:
2223:
2120:
1949:
1943:
1736:
1602:. Separatist militants fighting in Iran demand more rights for ethnic Baloch living in Iran's
1567:
992:
852:
851:, terms of unknown origin. Using etymological reasoning, H. W. Bailey reconstructs a possible
819:
775:
624:
608:
537:
333:
193:
3077:
2859:
2217:
4010:
3954:
3874:
3821:
3587:
3582:
3574:
3521:
3455:
3379:
3337:
3332:
3322:
3188:
3155:
3046:
3010:
2733:
2609:
1571:
1563:
1363:
1331:
1288:
In 2021, there was an earthquake that killed dozens of people. This came to be known as the
1133:
838:
649:
604:
503:
395:
223:
189:
177:
165:
4097:
4037:
3974:
3969:
3934:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3498:
3483:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3432:
3407:
3369:
3361:
3312:
2329:
1591:
1559:
1555:
1371:
1175:
principalities in the region. It was ruled over by the Brahui Ahmadzai dynasty till 1948.
1132:
The region was fully Islamized by the 9th century and became part of the territory of the
1110:
1102:
1095:
885:
Large Baluch carpet, from the mid 19th century. Alternating rows depict cypress trees and
674:
600:
549:
322:
289:
185:
173:
2794:"Ex-president Pervez Musharraf: From Pakistan military ruler to fugitive in murder cases"
1595:
3037:
Hansman, John (1975), "A further note on Magan and Meluhha (Notes and Communications)",
2639:
1853:
1234:, "three pro-Congress parties were still active in Balochistan's politics", such as the
3994:
3869:
3488:
3342:
3317:
3304:
2820:"Who are Baloch Liberation Army? Insurgents who killed 30 in Pakistan in last one week"
2351:
1497:
1335:
1220:
1180:
1114:
1091:
1079:
913:
898:
300:
3352:
2270:
The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements
1397:
1254:
4163:
3964:
3909:
3884:
3526:
3508:
3493:
3470:
3374:
3255:
3216:
3143:
3066:
3030:
2554:
1625:
1441:
1429:
1172:
1164:
1125:
1106:
1087:
949:
893:
The earliest evidence of human occupation in what is now Balochistan is dated to the
807:
806:, meaning "high country", a possible reference to Balochistani high lands. Historian
790:
etymology even though they were used to refer to non-Aryan people. Taking them to be
783:
694:
678:
653:
620:
569:
146:
134:
126:
121:
2886:"PAKISTAN'S BALOCH INSURGENCY: History, Conflict Drivers, and Regional Implications"
3944:
3816:
3327:
3235:
3093:
3073:
1574:
and the military are responsible for the worsening of the conflict in Balochistan.
921:
881:
859:, meaning "the land of underground channels", which could have been transformed to
761:
632:
628:
612:
553:
541:
2841:"US declares Pakistan's separatist Baluchistan Liberation Army as terrorist group"
2353:
Colonial Governors from the Fifteenth Century to the Present: A Comprehensive List
3097:
1648:
3914:
2195:
1535:
1505:
1493:
1339:
1303:
1083:
957:
945:
894:
719:
580:
557:
262:
82:
3117:
3050:
3014:
2737:
1826:
1620:
1489:
1356:
1141:
1071:
1013:
988:
973:
917:
735:
545:
344:
4145:
4132:
3204:
2597:
3159:
2116:
1485:
1070:
During the reign of Arab dynasties, medieval Iran suffered the onslaught of
1019:
1005:
925:
739:
693:
The name "Balochistan" is generally believed to derive from the name of the
2659:
2470:
17:
3146:(January 1975), "A Possible Identification of Meluḫḫa, Dilmun and Makan",
3078:"On the relationship of the Sumerian toponym Meluhha and Sanskrit mleccha"
2613:
2495:
2144:
1530:
The Balochistan region is administratively divided among three countries,
1187:, defeated him, and made his Khanate independent from the Durrani Empire.
1171:
declared independence from the Mughal suzeraignty and slowly absorbed the
3979:
1615:
1531:
1469:
1453:
1117:
in 1974, derives its name from Rani Sewi, the queen of the Sewa dynasty.
1051:
1047:
965:
909:
886:
843:
584:
524:
372:
366:
350:
339:
328:
317:
306:
295:
273:
251:
229:
218:
154:
138:
92:
3136:
2963:
1183:
in 1749. In 1758 the Khan of Kalat, Mir Naseer Khan I, revolted against
944:
From the 1st century to the 3rd century CE, the region was ruled by the
3811:
3167:
2926:"Balochistan's Separatist Insurgency On The Wane Despite Recent Attack"
1827:"Human Rights in Balochistan: A Case Study in Failure and Invisibility"
1550:
is of Baloch ethnicity. The Afghan portion of Balochistan includes the
1434:
1308:
1145:
1075:
1043:
1027:
1001:
977:
961:
953:
770:
702:
631:, is washed by the Arabian Sea, in particular by its western part, the
256:
245:
150:
142:
3058:
3022:
952:
kings. The dynasty of the Pāratas is thought to be identical with the
928:, and ceramics. By 2500 BCE (the Bronze Age), the region now known as
750:(Baluchi), leading Hansman to postulate "Baluch" as a modification of
3615:
3296:
1707:
Other variations of the spelling, especially on French maps, include
1449:
1381:
1137:
1031:
565:
377:
355:
267:
234:
181:
54:
2567:
1982:"What did Harappans eat, how did they look? Haryana has the answers"
2681:
2582:
2080:. Directorate of Archives, Government of Balochistan. p. 100.
1159:
The Khanate of Kalat was the first unified polity to emerge in the
3244:
3099:
The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
1473:
1461:
1457:
1445:
1367:
1349:
1302:
1119:
1094:
were instrumental in waves of migration by the Baloch tribes from
1009:
880:
794:
in origin, he interprets the term as meaning either a proper name
667:
642:
616:
278:
2553:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1062:
beyond the Ommanitic region, on the coast of modern Balochistan.
30:
This article is about the geographic region. For other uses, see
2981:"Suicide Attack Kills 27 Members of Iran's Revolutionary Guards"
1794:
1792:
1539:
1312:
576:
561:
361:
311:
284:
240:
197:
87:
3619:
3259:
2598:"Music of Makran: Traditional Fusion from Coastal Balochistan"
2132:
dynasty which ruled this part of the country in ancient times.
2015:
1392:
1249:
3247:
is a map from 1893 published by the American Methodist Church
2168:
1758:"The History of Baloch and Balochistan: A Critical Appraisal"
464:
449:
425:
413:
2430:
Khan Jamali, were against Qazi Isa for contesting this seat.
2295:
2293:
2219:
Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia
1101:
The Hindu Sewa Dynasty ruled parts of Balochistan, chiefly
446:
437:
410:
401:
1030:, a Persian king, in northwestern Persia (History I.101).
1012:, and Phirthaphirna was leading the Sakas and forces from
587:. Administratively it comprises the Pakistani province of
3001:
Hansman, John (1973), "A Periplus of Magan and Meluhha",
2722:"Is There an Ethno-religious Aspect in Balochi Identity?"
479:
452:
416:
3148:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
730:, was retained in the names of products imported by the
2544:"The Baloch race. A historical and ethnological sketch"
1409:
1266:
575:
The Balochistan region is split among three countries:
3039:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
3003:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1167:
native to the central Balochistan in 1666 which under
2324:
2322:
2320:
1782:
The Baloch Race: A Historical and Ethnological Sketch
802:
was derived when the Indus people migrated south) or
514:
491:
482:
473:
467:
458:
440:
428:
419:
991:(336-330 BCE), the Baloch were allied with the last
968:
within a circular legend on the reverse, written in
867:
in later times. This reasoning remains speculative.
476:
461:
443:
434:
422:
407:
398:
4111:
4088:
4003:
3862:
3777:
3751:
3685:
3653:
3573:
3535:
3507:
3469:
3431:
3388:
3360:
3303:
2095:
Balochistan Through the Ages: Geography and history
1756:Ahmed, Manzoor; Khan, Gulawar (22 September 2020).
627:to the west. Its southern coastline, including the
455:
404:
204:
161:
119:
114:
106:
101:
73:
42:
3182:
2350:
2285:The Brahui Khanate of Kalat sits at the apex of...
1854:"Baluchistan iii. Baluchi Language and Literature"
1598:ideology in their fight against the Shia-Islamist
3225:, Paris, Nathan Image, 136 p., ISBN 2-09-240036-3
2928:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 April 2019.
1240:favoured a united India and opposed its partition
2835:
2833:
2682:"Zahirok: The Musical Base of Baloch Minstrelsy"
2583:"Zahirok: The Musical Base of Baloch Minstrelsy"
2169:"Engaged review of contemporary art and thought"
1768:(1 (2017)) – via University of the Punjab.
1163:. It took birth from the confederacy of nomadic
1124:Map of independent Balochistan under the Brahui
1058:(1st century CE) describes the territory of the
976:(copper coins). These coins are mainly found in
3849:Partisans of National Liberation of Afghanistan
1582:, one of the separatist militants fighting the
826:, was later used to describe the region by the
568:and mountains is primarily populated by ethnic
1917:
1292:. There were other major earthquakes in 2013 (
746:985 CE that it was populated by people called
3631:
3271:
2970:(April 12, 2007). Retrieved December 2, 2011.
8:
1948:, Cambridge University Press, p. 272,
1799:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh (12 February 2016).
1512:of Balochistan during the seventh century.
1008:contingent, Ozbed was the commander of the
700:Johan Hansman relates the term "Baloch" to
3638:
3624:
3616:
3278:
3264:
3256:
39:
3251:Balochistan Archives- Preserving our Past
2608:(2). University of Texas Press: 164–171.
2415:Partition of India: Postcolonial Legacies
2357:. University of Wisconsin Press. p.
2387:Pakistan: History and Politics 1947-1971
2076:Fowle, T. C.; Rai, Diwan Jamiat (1923).
1942:Bevan, Edwyn Robert (12 November 2015),
1208:The British took over the area in 1839.
2697:"Baloch music through history and time"
2443:"Asian Disaster Reduction Center（ADRC）"
2389:. Oxford University Press. p. 40.
1970:, Appendix C. Gadrōsia, by H. W. Bailey
1967:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1641:
214:
203:
113:
100:
72:
60:
2720:Boyajian, Vahe S. (19 December 2016).
2640:"BALUCHISTAN iv. Music of Baluchistan"
2038:
2016:"Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica"
2002:
1929:
897:era. Evidence includes hunting camps,
710:is believed to have been known to the
523:
2964:How Serious Is the Baluch Insurgency?
2764:"Iran's Baloch insurgency and the IS"
2330:"History – Government of Balochistan"
738:, who visited the capital of Makran,
160:
118:
105:
7:
3764:Baloch Students Organization – Awami
2757:
2755:
2753:
2211:
2209:
2190:
2188:
1681:Central Intelligence Agency (2013).
1653:Library of Congress, Country Profile
948:(lit. "Pārata Kings"), a dynasty of
908:–6000 BCE) and included the site of
814:as a proto-Dravidian term, possibly
507:
3834:Balochistan Liberation United Front
3711:Balochistan National Party (Mengal)
3184:"Baluchistan and the Baluch people"
2818:Shukla, Srijan (20 February 2020).
2762:Grassi, Daniele (20 October 2014).
2097:. Nisa Traders. 1979. p. 316.
1683:"The World Factbook: Ethnic Groups"
1360:person and asking for forgiveness.
552:'s far southeast and bordering the
3839:Popular Front for Armed Resistance
3706:Balochistan National Party (Awami)
3287:Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan
2244:"Mastung > History of district"
1000:, Maseus was the commander of the
863:in the 9th century and further to
25:
4021:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
2568:"CULTURE: BUDDING LOVE FOR MUSIC"
1526:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
1516:Governance and political disputes
1504:(nearly all Baloch belong to the
3829:Baluch People's Liberation Front
3351:
3223:Balouchistan, le désert insoumis
3191:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
2638:Massoudieh, M. T. (2016-06-21).
2548:
2053:"A Brief History of Balochistan"
1801:"A Brief History of Balochistan"
1779:Dames, Mansel Longworth (1904).
1396:
1307:Baloch children photographed in
1253:
394:
371:
360:
349:
338:
327:
316:
305:
294:
283:
272:
261:
250:
239:
228:
217:
62:
4033:Arms discovery in Iraqi Embassy
3743:Baloch Council of North America
3671:Sistan and Baluchestan Province
3245:Afghanistan, Beloochistan, etc.
2858:Hussain, Zahid (Apr 25, 2013).
2695:Hafeez, Somaiyah (2023-01-01).
1729:Dashti, Naseer (October 2012).
1604:Sistan and Baluchestan Province
1548:Sistan and Baluchestan Province
3199:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
3118:"New light on the Pāratarājas"
2884:Kupecz, Mickey (Spring 2012).
2496:"Baloch | people | Britannica"
2267:Siddiqi, Farhan Hanif (2012).
1056:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1054:(Anabasis Alexandrou IV). The
673:The proportion of people with
648:The proportion of people with
599:of Afghanistan, which include
1:
4078:University of Karachi bombing
4058:Quaid-e-Azam Residency attack
1980:Doshi, Riddhi (17 May 2015).
1671:. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
1655:. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
980:in today's western Pakistan.
902:
786:) etc., which do not have an
743:
3759:Baloch Students Organization
2893:International Affairs Review
2860:"The battle for Balochistan"
1586:, a global terrorist group.
1232:Indian independence movement
1050:, and had them conquered by
515:
32:Balochistan (disambiguation)
3844:Baluchi Autonomist Movement
3785:Balochistan Liberation Army
3769:National Student Federation
3702:Balochistan National Party
3102:, Oxford University Press,
2596:Frishkopf, Michael (2006).
2301:"Gale - Institution Finder"
2111:Quddus, Syed Abdul (1990).
1440:Instruments in traditional
1294:2013 Balochistan earthquake
1290:2021 Balochistan earthquake
1236:Anjuman-i-Watan Baluchistan
1196:which beset a mobile life.
27:Region of southwestern Asia
4216:
4175:Historical regions of Iran
3738:Kalat State National Party
2385:Afzal, M. Rafique (2001).
1918:Parpola & Parpola 1975
1519:
1427:
1329:
1323:
1215:came under control of the
1109:, which was carved out of
987:(356-323 BCE) and Emperor
972:(usually silver coins) or
874:
611:provinces. It borders the
591:, the Iranian province of
525:[baˈloːt͡ʃest̪ɑːn]
68:Balochistan region in pink
29:
4073:Panjgur and Naushki raids
4016:Insurgency in Balochistan
3606:
3349:
3293:
3051:10.1017/s0041977x00048126
3015:10.1017/S0041977X00119858
2738:10.1163/1573384X-20160309
2349:Henige, David P. (1970).
2273:. Routledge. p. 53.
1522:Insurgency in Balochistan
1508:sect of Islam) after the
1022:in 450 BCE described the
934:Indus Valley civilization
708:Indus Valley civilisation
61:
52:
46:
3718:Baloch National Movement
3677:Balochistan, Afghanistan
3076:; Parpola, Simo (1975),
2899:(3): 106. Archived from
2417:. Taylor & Francis.
2051:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh.
1785:. Royal Asiatic Society.
1082:, and the incursions of
983:During the wars between
706:, the name by which the
4190:Geography of South Asia
3807:Baluch Liberation Front
3790:Baloch Nationalist Army
3728:Baloch Republican Party
3181:Axmann, Martin (2019).
3160:10.1163/156852075x00010
3116:Tandon, Pankaj (2006),
2520:"Balochi culture dress"
2216:Minahan, James (2012).
1735:. Trafford Publishing.
1298:2013 Saravan earthquake
1230:During the time of the
932:had become part of the
4195:Geography of West Asia
4180:Regions of Afghanistan
4063:Gwadar labors shooting
3890:Ghulam Mohammed Baloch
3795:Baloch Republican Army
3238:is a map published by
3197:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2113:The Tribal Baluchistan
1852:Elfenbein, J. (1988),
1584:government of Pakistan
1580:Baloch Liberation Army
1552:Chahar Burjak District
1326:Culture of Balochistan
1316:
1191:Tribalism and nomadism
1179:made it vassal of the
1161:history of Balochistan
1129:
890:
877:History of Balochistan
690:
665:
593:Sistan and Baluchestan
162: • Languages
3920:Brahamdagh Khan Bugti
3854:Lashkar-e-Balochistan
3733:Baloch National Front
3723:Jamhoori Wattan Party
3666:Balochistan, Pakistan
2726:Iran and the Caucasus
2625:University of Alberta
2614:10.1353/amu.2007.0002
2524:Balochi culture dress
2413:Ranjan, Amit (2018).
2200:Encyclopedia Irannica
1945:The House of Seleucus
1858:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1520:Further information:
1306:
1246:Post-colonial history
1217:British Indian Empire
1181:Afghan Durrani Empire
1123:
930:Pakistani Balochistan
884:
671:
646:
615:region to the north,
4103:Hani and Sheh Mureed
4068:Kech District attack
3985:Mir Hazar Khan Khoso
3905:Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo
3895:Mir Nooruddin Mengal
3693:National Awami Party
3295:Provincial capital:
3125:Numismatic Chronicle
2645:Encyclopædia Iranica
1385:) with a headscarf.
1026:as a tribe ruled by
768:to Indo-Aryan words
714:(2900–2350 BCE) and
687:2017 Pakistan Census
662:2017 Pakistan Census
496:-ist-a(h)n, -
4185:Regions of Pakistan
4142: /
4053:Terrorist incidents
4048:Human rights abuses
3960:Sher Mohammad Marri
3240:The Century Company
2987:. 13 February 2019.
2701:The Express Tribune
2041:, pp. 201–202.
1920:, pp. 217–220.
1908:, pp. 568–569.
1762:South Asian Studies
1036:Alexander the Great
985:Alexander the Great
837:(356–323 BCE), the
835:Alexander the Great
833:During the time of
732:Neo-Assyrian Empire
718:(2334–2154 BCE) in
4118:Ma Chuke Balochani
3990:Abdul Malik Baloch
3950:Khair Bakhsh Marri
3900:Allah Nazar Baloch
3880:Habib Jalib Baloch
3800:United Baloch Army
3686:Parties and groups
3647:Baloch nationalism
3187:. In Fleet, Kate;
2845:The Indian Express
2798:The Indian Express
2774:on 20 October 2014
2500:www.britannica.com
2173:www.nakedpunch.com
2020:www.britannica.com
1669:The World Factbook
1631:Baloch nationalism
1600:Iranian government
1502:converted to Islam
1408:. You can help by
1317:
1265:. You can help by
1204:British occupation
1185:Ahmed Shah Durrani
1177:Ahmad Shah Durrani
1140:, followed by the
1130:
891:
691:
681:in each Pakistani
666:
656:in each Pakistani
107: • Total
4146:27.417°N 64.500°E
4125:
4124:
3940:Yousaf Aziz Magsi
3930:Nawab Nowroz Khan
3925:Prince Karim Khan
3613:
3612:
3109:978-0-19-022692-3
3082:Studia Orientalia
2962:Bhargava, G. S. "
2824:The Print (India)
2471:"Balochi Culture"
2396:978-0-19-579634-6
2305:galeapps.gale.com
2280:978-0-415-68614-3
2229:978-1-59884-659-1
2126:978-969-0-10047-4
1955:978-1-108-08275-4
1742:978-1-4669-5896-8
1426:
1425:
1283:
1282:
1098:to further east.
780:milakkha/milakkhu
764:relates the name
623:to the east, and
548:, located in the
538:historical region
513:
387:
386:
200:
157:
16:(Redirected from
4207:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4011:Khanate of Kalat
3955:Jumma Khan Marri
3875:Abdul Hai Baloch
3640:
3633:
3626:
3617:
3355:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3257:
3220:
3208:
3186:
3170:
3139:
3122:
3112:
3089:
3069:
3033:
2989:
2988:
2977:
2971:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2890:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2770:. Archived from
2759:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2732:(3–4): 397–405.
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2660:"Regional Music"
2656:
2650:
2649:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2356:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1992:on May 17, 2015.
1988:. Archived from
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1726:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1689:on June 13, 2007
1685:. Archived from
1678:
1672:
1662:
1656:
1646:
1572:Pervez Musharraf
1421:
1418:
1400:
1393:
1332:Balochi clothing
1278:
1275:
1257:
1250:
1169:Mir Ahmad Khan I
1038:encountered the
940:Classical period
907:
904:
841:called the land
810:also interprets
745:
560:coastline. This
528:), also spelled
527:
522:
518:
512:romanized:
511:
509:
499:
495:
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
478:
475:
470:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
431:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
376:
375:
365:
364:
354:
353:
343:
342:
332:
331:
321:
320:
310:
309:
299:
298:
288:
287:
277:
276:
266:
265:
255:
254:
244:
243:
233:
232:
222:
221:
169:
130:
110:c. 18–19 million
66:
40:
21:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4160:
4159:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4121:
4107:
4098:Mir Chakar Rind
4090:
4084:
4043:Missing persons
4038:Turbat killings
4026:1970s operation
3999:
3975:Abdolmalek Rigi
3970:Ataullah Mengal
3935:Abdul Aziz Kurd
3858:
3778:Militant groups
3773:
3747:
3681:
3649:
3644:
3614:
3609:
3602:
3569:
3531:
3517:Killa Saifullah
3503:
3465:
3427:
3384:
3356:
3347:
3299:
3289:
3284:
3232:
3214:
3212:Fabry, Philippe
3193:Rowson, Everett
3180:
3177:
3175:Further reading
3142:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3092:
3072:
3036:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2961:
2957:
2948:
2946:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2761:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2740:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2618:
2616:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2549:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2451:
2449:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2425:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2281:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2059:
2057:thediplomat.com
2050:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1986:Hindustan Times
1979:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1833:. 25 March 2016
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1805:thediplomat.com
1798:
1797:
1790:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1612:
1560:Registan Desert
1556:Nimruz Province
1528:
1518:
1482:
1472:, tamburag and
1432:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1406:needs expansion
1391:
1342:
1328:
1322:
1315:, in March 2017
1279:
1273:
1270:
1263:needs expansion
1248:
1206:
1193:
1111:Quetta Division
1068:
1066:Medieval period
942:
905:
879:
873:
847:and its people
792:proto-Dravidian
734:(911–605 BCE).
689:
664:
641:
625:Persian regions
550:Iranian plateau
520:
497:
493:
472:
433:
397:
393:
383:
380:
370:
369:
359:
358:
348:
347:
337:
336:
326:
325:
315:
314:
304:
303:
293:
292:
282:
281:
271:
270:
260:
259:
249:
248:
238:
237:
227:
226:
216:
213:
212:
168:
129:
97:
69:
57:
48:
45:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4213:
4211:
4203:
4202:
4200:Baloch culture
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4151:27.417; 64.500
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3995:Hyrbyair Marri
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3870:Gul Khan Nasir
3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3752:Student groups
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3698:National Party
3695:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3446:Killa Abdullah
3443:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3231:
3230:External links
3228:
3227:
3226:
3209:
3189:Krämer, Gudrun
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3144:Thapar, Romila
3140:
3113:
3108:
3090:
3070:
3045:(3): 609–610,
3034:
3009:(3): 553–587,
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2972:
2955:
2931:
2917:
2906:on 1 July 2015
2876:
2850:
2847:. 3 July 2019.
2829:
2810:
2785:
2749:
2712:
2687:
2672:
2651:
2630:
2588:
2573:
2570:. 21 May 2023.
2559:
2535:
2511:
2487:
2462:
2434:
2423:
2405:
2395:
2377:
2367:
2341:
2316:
2289:
2279:
2259:
2235:
2228:
2205:
2184:
2160:
2136:
2125:
2119:. p. 49.
2103:
2086:
2068:
2043:
2031:
2007:
2005:, p. 183.
1995:
1972:
1960:
1954:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1896:, p. 565.
1886:
1884:, p. 564.
1874:
1862:
1844:
1818:
1807:. THE DIPLOMAT
1788:
1771:
1748:
1741:
1721:
1700:
1673:
1657:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1517:
1514:
1498:Zoroastrianism
1481:
1478:
1424:
1423:
1417:September 2017
1403:
1401:
1390:
1387:
1336:Baloch cuisine
1324:Main article:
1321:
1318:
1281:
1280:
1260:
1258:
1247:
1244:
1221:colonial India
1211:In the 1870s,
1205:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1115:Kalat Division
1067:
1064:
1034:describes how
941:
938:
899:lithic scatter
875:Main article:
872:
869:
672:
647:
640:
637:
597:southern areas
385:
384:
382:
381:
301:Dera Allah Yar
210:
209:
208:
206:
205:Largest cities
202:
201:
163:
159:
158:
124:
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
99:
98:
96:
95:
90:
85:
79:
77:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
53:
50:
49:
43:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4212:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4158:
4155:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4087:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Akhtar Mengal
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:Hasil Bizenjo
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3885:Hameed Baloch
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3423:Usta Muhammad
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3094:Parpola, Asko
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3074:Parpola, Asko
3071:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2968:Asian Tribune
2965:
2959:
2956:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2811:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2713:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2680:Khan, Badal.
2676:
2673:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2581:Khan, Badal.
2577:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2555:public domain
2545:
2539:
2536:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2448:
2447:www.adrc.asia
2444:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2424:9780429750526
2420:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2368:9780299054403
2364:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2345:
2342:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2150:
2149:fr.unesco.org
2146:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1932:, p. 10.
1931:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:Baloutchistan
1710:
1709:Beloutchistan
1704:
1701:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:Seistan Force
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1510:Arab conquest
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Balochi music
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:Balochi music
1420:
1411:
1407:
1404:This section
1402:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1277:
1274:February 2023
1268:
1264:
1261:This section
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:Brahui tribes
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1126:Kalat Khanate
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:Sibi Division
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:Indo-Parthian
947:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
900:
896:
888:
883:
878:
870:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
808:Romila Thapar
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:Indo-European
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:
767:
763:
759:
757:
753:
749:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
698:
696:
695:Baloch people
688:
684:
680:
679:mother tongue
676:
670:
663:
659:
655:
654:mother tongue
651:
645:
638:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
570:Baloch people
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
517:
505:
501:
500:
487:
391:
379:
374:
368:
363:
357:
352:
346:
341:
335:
330:
324:
319:
313:
308:
302:
297:
291:
286:
280:
275:
269:
264:
258:
253:
247:
242:
236:
231:
225:
220:
215:
207:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
167:
164:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
128:
125:
123:
122:Ethnic groups
120: •
109:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
78:
76:
65:
56:
51:
41:
33:
19:
4127:
3945:Balach Marri
3817:Jaish ul-Adl
3660:
3222:
3196:
3151:
3147:
3128:
3124:
3098:
3085:
3081:
3042:
3038:
3006:
3002:
2995:Bibliography
2984:
2975:
2967:
2958:
2947:. Retrieved
2943:
2934:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2901:the original
2896:
2892:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2863:
2853:
2844:
2823:
2813:
2802:. Retrieved
2800:. 2023-02-05
2797:
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2772:the original
2767:
2741:. Retrieved
2729:
2725:
2715:
2704:. Retrieved
2700:
2690:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2654:
2643:
2633:
2623:– via
2617:. Retrieved
2605:
2601:
2591:
2576:
2562:
2538:
2527:. Retrieved
2523:
2514:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2479:. Retrieved
2477:. 2013-05-29
2474:
2465:
2456:
2450:. Retrieved
2446:
2437:
2428:
2414:
2408:
2400:
2386:
2380:
2372:
2352:
2344:
2333:. Retrieved
2308:. Retrieved
2304:
2284:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2247:. Retrieved
2238:
2222:. ABC-CLIO.
2218:
2199:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:
2163:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2130:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2060:. Retrieved
2056:
2046:
2034:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1998:
1990:the original
1985:
1975:
1968:Hansman 1973
1963:
1944:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1906:Hansman 1973
1901:
1894:Hansman 1973
1889:
1882:Hansman 1973
1877:
1870:Parpola 2015
1865:
1857:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1830:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1804:
1781:
1774:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:the original
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1588:
1576:
1562:in southern
1529:
1483:
1439:
1433:
1414:
1410:adding to it
1405:
1380:
1376:
1362:
1355:
1343:
1287:
1284:
1271:
1267:adding to it
1262:
1229:
1225:
1210:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1168:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1131:
1100:
1069:
1059:
1039:
1024:Paraitakenoi
1023:
1018:
996:forces from
982:
943:
922:lapis lazuli
892:
864:
860:
856:
848:
842:
832:
823:
815:
811:
803:
799:
798:(from which
795:
779:
769:
765:
762:Asko Parpola
760:
755:
751:
747:
736:Al-Muqaddasī
727:
723:
701:
699:
692:
633:Gulf of Oman
629:Makran Coast
613:Pashtunistan
574:
554:Indian Plate
533:
529:
389:
388:
170:
131:
115:Demographics
4170:Balochistan
4149: /
4091:myths/epics
3915:Akbar Bugti
3863:Key figures
3661:Balochistan
3236:Baluchistan
3215: [
3154:(1): 1–42,
3131:: 173–209,
2602:Asian Music
2475:History Pak
2078:Baluchistan
2039:Tandon 2006
2003:Tandon 2006
1930:Thapar 1975
1717:Baloch Land
1665:Afghanistan
1544:Balochistan
1536:Afghanistan
1347:pastoralist
1340:Balochi rug
1213:Baluchistan
1144:, then the
958:Mahabharata
946:Pāratarājas
918:chank shell
914:Kachi Plain
906: 7000
895:Paleolithic
828:Indo-Aryans
720:Mesopotamia
589:Balochistan
581:Afghanistan
558:Arabian Sea
534:Baluchestan
530:Baluchistan
390:Balochistan
334:D.M. Jamali
83:Afghanistan
44:Balochistan
18:Baluchistan
4164:Categories
3479:Dera Bugti
3403:Jhal Magsi
2949:2023-06-02
2804:2023-05-20
2768:Asia Times
2743:2022-04-21
2706:2024-01-06
2665:January 5,
2619:January 5,
2529:2022-04-21
2505:2022-04-21
2481:2022-04-21
2452:2023-06-05
2335:2022-04-21
2310:2022-04-21
2178:2022-04-21
2154:2022-04-21
2062:2022-04-21
2025:2022-04-21
1693:3 November
1637:References
1621:Bolan Pass
1558:, and the
1490:Khosrow II
1428:See also:
1330:See also:
1142:Ghaznavids
1084:Guzz Turks
1072:Ghaznavids
1040:Pareitakai
1014:Tabaristan
993:Achaemenid
989:Darius III
974:Kharoshthi
685:as of the
660:as of the
595:, and the
564:region of
546:South Asia
516:Balòcestàn
345:Dera Bugti
102:Population
3822:Jundallah
3593:Musakhail
3418:Sohbatpur
3413:Nasirabad
3398:Jafarabad
3390:Nasirabad
3205:1873-9830
3088:: 205–238
3067:178684667
3031:140709175
2944:DNA India
2117:Ferozsons
1596:anti-Shia
1496:sects of
1494:Manichean
1486:Shapur II
1134:Saffarids
1020:Herodotus
998:Khuzistan
926:turquoise
857:uadravati
804:melu-akam
800:tamilakam
796:milu-akam
740:Bannajbur
716:Akkadians
712:Sumerians
677:as their
652:as their
639:Etymology
290:Iranshahr
75:Countries
4089:National
3980:Dad Shah
3537:Rakhshan
3195:(eds.).
3137:42666407
3096:(2015),
2458:injured.
2196:"Brahui"
1831:HuffPost
1616:Mehrgarh
1610:See also
1592:Salafist
1568:Kandahar
1532:Pakistan
1480:Religion
1470:kemenche
1454:ghaychak
1444:include
1382:shalwaar
1372:Parthian
1238:, which
1128:in 1730.
1080:Timurids
1052:Craterus
1048:Sogdiana
1006:Egyptian
966:swastika
910:Mehrgarh
849:Gedrosoi
844:Gedrosia
824:aparānta
820:Sanskrit
776:Sanskrit
742:, wrote
683:District
658:District
609:Kandahar
585:Pakistan
556:and the
508:بلۏچستان
367:Chabahar
194:Khetrani
155:Khetrans
139:Pashtuns
93:Pakistan
47:بلۏچستان
4137:64°30′E
4134:27°25′N
4004:History
3812:Parrari
3654:Regions
3588:Loralai
3583:Barkhan
3575:Loralai
3522:Sherani
3456:Karezat
3380:Panjgur
3338:Mastung
3333:Lasbela
3323:Khuzdar
3221:(1991)
3168:3632219
2985:Haaretz
2910:24 June
2869:22 June
2778:26 June
2546:. 1904.
2249:28 June
1837:18 June
1811:18 June
1564:Helmand
1435:Zahirok
1350:nomadic
1320:Culture
1309:Ashkutu
1146:Ghorids
1092:Seljuqs
1076:Mongols
1060:Paradon
1044:Bactria
1028:Deiokes
978:Loralai
962:Puranas
956:of the
954:Pāradas
912:in the
887:Turkmen
871:History
861:badlaut
853:Iranian
816:mēlukku
812:Meluḫḫa
771:mleccha
766:Meluḫḫa
756:Baluḫḫu
752:Meluḫḫa
728:Baluḫḫu
724:Meluḫḫa
703:Meluḫḫa
650:Balochi
605:Helmand
542:Western
536:, is a
504:Balochi
257:Khuzdar
246:Zahedan
190:Persian
178:Jadgali
166:Balochi
151:Sindhis
147:Jadgals
143:Hazaras
4112:Anthem
3673:(Iran)
3565:Chaman
3560:Washuk
3555:Nushki
3550:Kharan
3545:Chagai
3499:Ziarat
3484:Harnai
3461:Quetta
3451:Pishin
3441:Chaman
3433:Quetta
3408:Kachhi
3370:Gwadar
3362:Makran
3313:Awaran
3297:Quetta
3203:
3166:
3135:
3106:
3065:
3059:613711
3057:
3029:
3023:613582
3021:
2421:
2393:
2365:
2277:
2226:
2123:
1952:
1739:
1538:, and
1450:donali
1368:Median
1338:, and
1173:Baloch
1138:Zaranj
1105:. The
1096:Kerman
1088:Buyids
1032:Arrian
1002:Syrian
970:Brahmi
960:, the
855:name,
839:Greeks
778:) and
748:Balūṣī
675:Brahui
621:Punjab
601:Nimruz
566:desert
494:LOHTCH
378:Nushki
356:Gwadar
268:Zaranj
235:Turbat
224:Kharan
186:Sindhi
182:Pashto
174:Brahui
171:Minor:
135:Brahui
132:Minor:
127:Baloch
55:Region
37:Region
3489:Kohlu
3343:Surab
3318:Kalat
3305:Kalat
3219:]
3164:JSTOR
3133:JSTOR
3121:(PDF)
3063:S2CID
3055:JSTOR
3027:S2CID
3019:JSTOR
2904:(PDF)
2889:(PDF)
1715:also
1506:Sunni
1474:benju
1466:rubab
1462:sorna
1458:dohol
1446:suroz
1389:Music
1377:qamis
1364:Dress
1103:Kalat
1010:Medes
865:balōč
617:Sindh
498:A(H)N
323:Kalat
279:Uthal
3598:Duki
3527:Zhob
3509:Zhob
3494:Sibi
3471:Sibi
3375:Kech
3201:ISSN
3104:ISBN
2912:2015
2871:2015
2864:Dawn
2780:2015
2667:2024
2621:2024
2419:ISBN
2391:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2275:ISBN
2251:2021
2224:ISBN
2121:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1839:2016
1813:2016
1737:ISBN
1711:and
1695:2014
1649:Iran
1594:and
1566:and
1540:Iran
1524:and
1488:and
1370:and
1313:Iran
1296:and
1113:and
1090:and
1046:and
1004:and
784:Pali
754:and
619:and
607:and
583:and
577:Iran
562:arid
544:and
521:IPA:
312:Sibi
211:List
198:Urdu
88:Iran
3328:Hub
3156:doi
3129:166
3047:doi
3011:doi
2734:doi
2610:doi
1554:of
1412:.
1357:Med
1269:.
1219:in
1136:of
1042:in
572:.
540:in
532:or
492:bə-
4166::
3217:fr
3162:,
3152:18
3150:,
3127:,
3123:,
3086:46
3084:,
3080:,
3061:,
3053:,
3043:38
3041:,
3025:,
3017:,
3007:36
3005:,
2983:.
2966:"
2942:.
2897:20
2895:.
2891:.
2862:.
2843:.
2832:^
2822:.
2796:.
2766:.
2752:^
2730:20
2728:.
2724:.
2699:.
2642:.
2606:37
2604:.
2600:.
2522:.
2498:.
2473:.
2455:.
2445:.
2427:.
2399:.
2371:.
2361:.
2359:89
2319:^
2303:.
2292:^
2283:.
2253:.
2208:^
2198:.
2187:^
2171:.
2147:.
2129:.
2115:.
2055:.
2018:.
1984:.
1856:,
1829:.
1803:.
1791:^
1766:32
1764:.
1760:.
1667:,
1651:,
1606:.
1534:,
1476:.
1468:,
1464:,
1460:,
1456:,
1452:,
1448:,
1334:,
1311:,
1300:).
1242:.
1078:,
1074:,
924:,
920:,
903:c.
830:.
822:,
758:.
744:c.
722:.
635:.
603:,
579:,
519:,
510:,
506::
502:;
471:,-
465:ɑː
450:tʃ
447:oʊ
426:ɑː
414:tʃ
411:oʊ
196:,
192:,
188:,
184:,
180:,
176:,
153:,
149:,
145:,
141:,
137:,
3639:e
3632:t
3625:v
3279:e
3272:t
3265:v
3207:.
3158::
3049::
3013::
2952:.
2914:.
2873:.
2826:.
2807:.
2782:.
2746:.
2736::
2709:.
2684:.
2669:.
2648:.
2627:.
2612::
2585:.
2557:.
2532:.
2508:.
2484:.
2338:.
2313:.
2232:.
2202:.
2181:.
2157:.
2065:.
2028:.
1841:.
1815:.
1745:.
1719:.
1697:.
1419:)
1415:(
1375:(
1276:)
1272:(
782:(
774:(
486:/
483:n
480:æ
477:t
474:s
468:n
462:t
459:s
456:ˈ
453:ɪ
444:l
441:ˌ
438:ə
435:b
432:,
429:n
423:t
420:s
417:ɪ
408:l
405:ˈ
402:ə
399:b
396:/
392:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
