39:
1038:
78:
67:
89:
305:
The number of Brahui tribes have fluctuated across the centuries. At the time of Nasir Khan I, when the
Khanate of Kalat was at its zenith, the Brahuis had eight nuclear tribes and seven peripheral tribes; by the time of the last Khan, twelve peripheral tribes had been added. The 1911 census was the
361:
in their lore, and
Brahuis' self-identification as migrants from Syria can be interpreted as an Islamized version of the same event. However, the Brahuis do not have any significant Dravidian genetic component and are largely indistinguishable from surrounding Indo-European populaces; this suggests
357:, Dravidian languages spoken as geographical isolates across Eastern India, most linguists speculate the three groups to have shared a common stage before migrating along different directions. Additionally, both Kurukhs and Maltos speak of an eastward migration from
329:
followed by the overthrow of one Sewa dynasty, is a piecemeal borrowing from Baloch traditions; historical ballads, etc., are nonexistent in the language. Thus, says
Elfenbein, reconstructions of Brahui pre-history can only depend on linguistics and genetics.
306:
only attempt to enumerate the Brahui as an ethnic group. However, since most Brahui describe themselves as Baloch to outsiders, the recorded count is an underestimate. Elfenbein, referencing estimations from 1996, speculates that there are
38:
441:
characterised it as an "etymological nightmare". There are three dialects with no significant variation: Sarawani (spoken in the north), Jhalawani (spoken in the southeast), and Chaghi (spoken in the northwest and west).
392:, into their traditional grazing lands and migratory routes. The Khanate was established by Ahmad Khan I, a Brahui chieftain, in the 1660s and derived its power from a complex system of inter-tribal alliances with the
408:
at times, the kingdom gained in size and reached its zenith under Nasir Khan I in the late eighteenth century. However, British incursion into the subcontinent coupled with territorial losses to Persia compelled
179:
The origin of the word "Brahui" is uncertain. Mikhail
Andronov hypothesised a derivation from Dravidian (lit. Northern hillmen). However, Josef Elfenbein found it unconvincing and hypothesised a derivation from
463:
out of the efforts of Mulla Nabo-Jan and
Maulana Fazl Mohammed Khan Darkhani for spreading Islamic revivalist ideas. Literacy rates among Brahuis remained very low as the late as 1990s.
858:
1073:
1545:
851:
1540:
1066:
755:
1530:
844:
1535:
1059:
603:
1275:
916:
437:
and is, hence, a geographical isolate. It has extensively borrowed from
Balochi and other languages of the area; linguist
961:
867:
429:; only two nuclear tribes speak Brahui as a primary language. Half of the rest may be secondary speakers of Brahui with
621:
P. 32–34 Ideology and status of
Sanskrit : contributions to the history of the Sanskrit language by Jan E M Houben
748:
433:
as the primary language, while the other half are estimated to speak no Brahui "at all". The language belongs to the
1550:
1155:
1082:
1019:
373:
1317:
1009:
1329:
1024:
951:
1525:
1215:
1014:
741:
633:"An Ethnolinguistic and Genetic Perspective on the Origins of the Dravidian-Speaking Brahui in Pakistan"
388:— appears to have been a response to the increasing penetration of Mughal governance, especially under
1425:
1487:
194:; the term perhaps served to distinguish the neo-Muslim nomadic pastoralists — who had migrated into
1260:
1225:
384:
The
Brahuis have traditionally been nomads; the state-formation — in the form of a confederacy, the
362:
the passage of sufficient time since the admixture event, thereby supporting the relict hypothesis.
1497:
1364:
1344:
1175:
1125:
1093:
434:
334:
219:
168:
1240:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1160:
502:
413:
to accept a protectorate status; in the aftermath of the
Partition, the Khanate was absorbed into
285:, but they appear to have assimilated into the neighbouring Baloch. Some Brahui are also found in
1502:
1482:
1467:
1270:
1042:
699:
1492:
1398:
825:
719:
662:
644:
599:
338:
263:
121:
341:
of
Dravidians remaining from a time when Dravidians were more widespread or they migrated to
711:
652:
473:
438:
430:
385:
239:
227:
190:
181:
109:
425:
According to Elfenbein, only about 15% of the Brahui tribesmen are primary speakers of the
376:, the language of which he concludes as "likely to have belonged to the Dravidian family".
1349:
1195:
981:
793:
426:
410:
354:
326:
235:
164:
134:
105:
321:
The origins of the Brahuis remain unclear. Brahui lore, which speaks of a migration from
1477:
1472:
1415:
1354:
1265:
1250:
1150:
941:
808:
657:
632:
456:, a court poet of Nasir Khan I. The Perso-Arabic script currently in use was developed
350:
337:
only exist further south in India has led to two hypotheses — either the Brahuis are a
231:
1519:
1445:
1440:
1410:
1334:
1300:
1220:
1108:
971:
926:
891:
764:
393:
267:
715:
349:
sometime in the last two millennia. Noting extensive phonological similarities with
1460:
1455:
1420:
1403:
1359:
1103:
993:
901:
886:
881:
820:
365:
286:
1450:
1312:
1290:
1255:
1245:
1098:
803:
481:
405:
346:
342:
294:
282:
259:
156:
82:
836:
449:(lit. Gift of Wonders), a translation from Persian by Malikdad Gharsin Qalati,
445:
No significant corpus of Brahui literature exists; the earliest extant work is
1307:
1235:
1210:
931:
921:
906:
389:
723:
648:
1280:
1230:
1051:
976:
555:
358:
666:
218:
The Brahuis predominantly inhabit a narrow belt in Pakistan, also known as
1388:
1371:
1130:
946:
631:
Pagani, Luca; Colonna, Vincenza; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Ayub, Qasim (2017).
414:
247:
152:
71:
1435:
1393:
1339:
1205:
1135:
1118:
966:
936:
813:
798:
775:
258:
Large numbers of nomadic and semi-nomadic Brahui speakers are found in
243:
242:
in the south. Kalat separates the area into a northern part, known as
1381:
1295:
1285:
1200:
1165:
1145:
1113:
986:
956:
911:
783:
397:
278:
274:
223:
297:
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in search of employment.
281:; in 1909, G. P. Tate did come across a few Brahui as far south as
1430:
1376:
322:
195:
1322:
733:
401:
290:
271:
160:
93:
1055:
840:
737:
16:
Ethnic group primarily concentrated in Balochistan, Pakistan
151:
are an ethnic group of pastoralists principally found in
266:
desert, in an area extending west of Nushki along the
1002:
874:
594:Elfenbein, Josef (2019). Seever, Sanford B. (ed.).
115:
99:
58:
48:
27:
549:
547:
545:
543:
277:. In Iran, Brahui are restricted to the north of
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
1067:
852:
749:
8:
589:
480:, a flowering plant belonging to the family
22:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
372:that the Brahui people are remnants of the
293:oasis, where their ancestors migrated from
1074:
1060:
1052:
859:
845:
837:
756:
742:
734:
400:; notwithstanding nominal suzerainties to
139:
37:
29:
21:
656:
704:Journal of the American Oriental Society
560:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4
519:
494:
1546:Social groups of Balochistan, Pakistan
598:(2 ed.). Routledge. p. 495.
700:"Brahui and the Zagrosian Hypothesis"
7:
693:
691:
689:
617:
615:
138:
59:Regions with significant populations
417:notwithstanding popular protests.
14:
1541:Indigenous peoples of South Asia
1036:
484:, named after the Brahui people.
246:, and a southern part, known as
87:
76:
65:
716:10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.3.551
1:
457:
450:
307:
199:
155:, and to a smaller extent in
1531:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
868:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
683:, Cambridge University Press
681:Deciphering the Indus script
370:Deciphering the Indus Script
188:, referring to the prophet
184:(Jaṭki dialect of Punjabi)
43:A group of Brahui tribesmen
1567:
698:McAlpin, David W. (2015).
1536:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
1089:
1083:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
1033:
771:
554:Elfenbein, Josef (1989).
435:Dravidian language family
120:
104:
63:
53:
36:
28:
198:from the Western Deccan
596:The Dravidian Languages
421:Language and literature
205:ago and adopted Islam.
167:, which belongs to the
1043:Afghanistan portal
679:Asko Parpola (1994),
503:List of Brahui tribes
301:Tribes and population
226:in the north through
116:Related ethnic groups
333:The fact that other
1176:European Pakistanis
562:. pp. 433–443.
368:states in his book
335:Dravidian languages
262:, primarily in the
203: a millennium
24:
313:Brahui tribesmen.
1551:Dravidian peoples
1513:
1512:
1049:
1048:
1003:Foreign nationals
834:
833:
474:Stocksia brahuica
339:relict population
171:language family.
127:
126:
122:Dravidian peoples
1558:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1053:
1041:
1040:
1039:
861:
854:
847:
838:
780:Jhalawan Baloch
758:
751:
744:
735:
728:
727:
695:
684:
677:
671:
670:
660:
628:
622:
619:
610:
609:
591:
564:
563:
551:
507:
505:
499:
479:
462:
459:
455:
454: 1759-1760
452:
447:Tuḥfat al-aja īb
439:David W. McAlpin
386:Khanate of Kalat
374:Harappan culture
312:
309:
289:, mainly in the
204:
201:
142:
141:
92:
91:
90:
81:
80:
79:
70:
69:
68:
49:Total population
41:
31:
25:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1216:Indus Kohistani
1085:
1080:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1029:
998:
870:
865:
835:
830:
790:Sarawan Baloch
767:
762:
732:
731:
697:
696:
687:
678:
674:
630:
629:
625:
620:
613:
606:
593:
592:
567:
553:
552:
521:
516:
511:
510:
501:
500:
496:
491:
477:
469:
460:
453:
427:Brahui language
423:
382:
319:
310:
303:
256:
254:Other countries
216:
211:
202:
177:
88:
86:
77:
75:
66:
64:
44:
32:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
878:
876:
872:
871:
866:
864:
863:
856:
849:
841:
832:
831:
829:
828:
823:
818:
817:
816:
811:
809:Muhammad Shahi
806:
801:
796:
788:
787:
786:
778:
772:
769:
768:
763:
761:
760:
753:
746:
738:
730:
729:
710:(3): 551–586.
685:
672:
643:(1): 267–278.
623:
611:
605:978-1138853768
604:
565:
518:
517:
515:
512:
509:
508:
493:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
468:
465:
422:
419:
381:
378:
318:
315:
311: 700,000
302:
299:
255:
252:
215:
212:
210:
207:
176:
173:
125:
124:
118:
117:
113:
112:
102:
101:
97:
96:
61:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1563:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:Brahui people
1524:
1523:
1521:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:Urdu speakers
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1044:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
877:
875:Ethnic groups
873:
869:
862:
857:
855:
850:
848:
843:
842:
839:
827:
824:
822:
821:Brahui Charan
819:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
789:
785:
782:
781:
779:
777:
774:
773:
770:
766:
765:Brahui tribes
759:
754:
752:
747:
745:
740:
739:
736:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
694:
692:
690:
686:
682:
676:
673:
668:
664:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
627:
624:
618:
616:
612:
607:
601:
597:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
566:
561:
557:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
520:
513:
504:
498:
495:
488:
483:
476:
475:
471:
470:
466:
464:
448:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
418:
416:
412:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
328:
324:
316:
314:
300:
298:
296:
295:British India
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
269:
268:Helmand river
265:
261:
253:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
213:
208:
206:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
174:
172:
170:
166:
163:. They speak
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
136:
132:
123:
119:
114:
111:
107:
103:
98:
95:
84:
73:
62:
57:
52:
47:
40:
35:
26:
1456:Meghwar Bhil
1140:
896:
707:
703:
680:
675:
640:
637:Man in India
636:
626:
595:
559:
497:
472:
446:
444:
424:
383:
369:
366:Asko Parpola
364:
332:
320:
304:
287:Turkmenistan
257:
217:
189:
185:
178:
148:
144:
130:
128:
19:Ethnic group
1411:Salvi Mewar
1382:Spin Tareen
1291:Rajasthanis
482:Sapindaceae
461: 1900
406:Afghanistan
347:South India
343:Baluchistan
260:Afghanistan
157:Afghanistan
83:Afghanistan
1520:Categories
1399:Rajasthani
1308:Nuristanis
1211:Hindkowans
1020:Pakistanis
932:Nuristanis
514:References
390:Shah Jahan
220:Brahuistan
1426:Shumashti
1281:Gujaratis
1231:Kashmiris
1010:Armenians
977:Qizilbash
826:Rakhshani
794:Bangulzai
724:0003-0279
649:0025-1569
359:Karnataka
175:Etymology
169:Dravidian
100:Languages
1389:Punjabis
1372:Pashtuns
1355:Shughnan
1350:Sariquli
1271:Muhajirs
1196:Gujarati
1131:Bengalis
1025:Russians
982:Turkmens
952:Punjabis
947:Pashtuns
667:28381901
556:"BRAHUI"
467:See also
415:Pakistan
398:Dehwaris
264:Shorawak
248:Jhalawan
240:Las Bela
214:Pakistan
209:Location
153:Pakistan
72:Pakistan
1498:Uyghurs
1488:Turkmen
1436:Sindhis
1416:Saraiki
1394:Purigpa
1340:Pamiris
1330:Paharis
1276:Biharis
1266:Marwari
1261:Makrani
1251:Ladakhi
1226:Kalkoti
1206:Hazaras
1156:Chinese
1151:Burusho
1136:Biharis
1119:Khetran
1094:Afghans
1015:Indians
967:Hazaras
942:Pashayi
937:Pamiris
912:Gurjars
814:Raisani
776:Bizenjo
658:5378296
431:Balochi
394:Balochs
380:History
317:Origins
272:Iranian
244:Sarawan
228:Mastung
222:, from
191:Abraham
182:Saraiki
140:براہوئی
110:Balochi
54:700,000
30:براہوئی
1483:Kyrgyz
1478:Turkic
1473:Torwal
1461:Memons
1446:Kutchi
1441:Jadgal
1365:Yidgha
1335:Palula
1296:Tamils
1286:Memons
1221:Kalash
1201:Gurjar
1181:Gabaro
1166:Dogras
1146:Broqpa
1141:Brahui
1126:Bateri
1114:Dehwar
1109:Baloch
987:Uzbeks
972:Kyrgyz
962:Turkic
957:Tajiks
927:Moghol
897:Brahui
892:Baloch
804:Langav
784:Mengal
722:
665:
655:
647:
602:
478:Benth.
402:Persia
355:Kurukh
279:Sistan
275:Sistan
236:Nushki
234:, and
224:Quetta
165:Brahui
145:Brahvi
135:Brahui
131:Brahui
106:Brahui
23:Brahui
1503:Uzbek
1493:Turks
1468:Tajik
1431:Siddi
1421:Shina
1404:Thari
1377:Ormur
1360:Wakhi
1345:Munji
1241:Kolai
1191:Gawri
1186:Gawar
1171:Domaa
1161:Damia
1104:Balti
1099:Bagri
994:Wakhi
902:Dalak
887:Arabs
882:Aimaq
489:Notes
411:Kalat
351:Malto
345:from
327:Kalat
323:Syria
283:Khash
270:into
232:Kalat
196:Sindh
186:brāhō
149:Brohi
147:, or
1451:Lasi
1323:Mumo
1313:Kata
1256:Lori
1246:Koli
799:Kūrd
720:ISSN
663:PMID
645:ISSN
600:ISBN
404:and
396:and
353:and
291:Merv
161:Iran
159:and
129:The
94:Iran
1318:Kom
1236:Kho
922:Kho
917:Jat
907:Dom
712:doi
708:135
653:PMC
325:to
238:to
143:),
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702:.
688:^
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651:.
641:97
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614:^
568:^
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522:^
458:c.
451:c.
308:c.
250:.
230:,
200:c.
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108:,
85:,
74:,
1075:e
1068:t
1061:v
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846:v
757:e
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743:v
726:.
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608:.
506:.
133:(
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