65:
307:
388:, also known as Fa Sine, became the leader of a small Bambara kingdom in the city of Ségou in Mali. Though he made many successful conquests of neighboring tribes and kingdoms, he failed to set up a significant administrative framework, and the new empire disintegrated following his death (c. 1660).
528:
took the throne c.1790 following his father's death in battle and a short succession dispute. During this period the Faama ruled from a massive palace in Segou and commanded a well-organized cavalry army, often used for raising tribute and taxes in the form of cowries. The capital, Segou, was a
832:
The view of this extensive city, the numerous canoes on the river, the crowded population, and the cultivated state of the surrounding countryside, formed altogether a prospect of civilization and magnificence that I little expected to find in the bosom of
743:
was the head priest of powerful and important religious cults. The army was a place where ethnic and class distinctions mattered little, and capable people could rise and make their fortunes. Another traditional institution was the
738:
was in effect an absolute monarch, doling out state property as rewards for bravery. A 40-man council of state swore allegiance and obedience to him and served as a rubber stamp. Relatives were given key posts, and the
795:. The demand for slaves then led to further fighting, leaving the Bambara in a perpetual state of war with their neighbors, and slaves from the area formed the majority of those sold to European traders at the
718:, or age-group. They were in theory completely egalitarian and elected their own leaders. Through charisma and ruthless power politics, however, Biton converted this into essentially an army made up of
1989:
64:
767:, the area closest to Segou. The ruler's designated successor held lots of power there. Most other provinces were governed by local elites who pledged loyalty to the
513:
seized the throne and re-established stability, reigning for nearly forty years of prosperity. He began a series of successful conquests, including that of
1746:
2004:
1072:
Travels in the
Interior Districts of Africa: Performed Under the Direction and Patronage of the African Association, in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797
580:
religious leader, declared a jihad against the empire in 1859, this balkanization prevented 'faama' Ali from mounting an effective defense. Tall took
549:(or Seku Amadu) of Massina. The Bamana Empire survived but was irreversibly weakened. Seku Amadu's forces decisively defeated the Bambara, taking
1994:
1999:
1227:
969:
1488:
1174:
1155:
1136:
1103:
944:
1190:
1739:
1498:
1405:
280:
255:
1699:
1580:
1493:
1240:
1351:
1346:
1326:
1395:
1336:
674: : 1788–1808. Defeated his brother Nianankoro to take the throne. His sons would rule the empire until its end.
395:, as known as Biton Coulibaly, Kaladian's great-grandson, was elected the leader of a youth organization known as a
2009:
1732:
1534:
1400:
1271:
359:. Based on an earlier kingdom established in 1640, it grew into a powerful empire in the early 18th century under
1595:
1456:
1220:
1558:
1483:
1373:
1286:
714:
The Bamana Empire was structured around traditional
Bambara institutions. The most important of these was the
572:
leaders grew increasingly powerful, independent, and prone to intervene in succession disputes. When El Hadj
399:. Mamari soon reorganized the tòn as a personal army supplemented with runaway slaves, assumed the title of
2014:
1673:
1473:
1321:
1861:
1984:
1811:
1570:
1503:
1415:
1385:
434:
in 1725 cemented his position. He then proceeded to launch successful assaults against his neighbors, the
311:
1066:
821:
1836:
1816:
1771:
1643:
1605:
1575:
1461:
1446:
1341:
1213:
584:
without a fight on May 25th 1860, then defeated the Bamana army at Witala in
September. Ségou itself
1801:
1529:
1466:
780:
160:
1076:
602:
542:
385:
173:
360:
1167:
Warriors, merchants and slaves: the state and the economy in the Middle Niger Valley, 1700-1914
1936:
1791:
1755:
1653:
1600:
1585:
1544:
1451:
1361:
1301:
1261:
1170:
1151:
1132:
1099:
624:
606:
577:
545:
in 1818, Bambara forces met and were defeated by Fula Muslim fighters rallied by the jihad of
486:
364:
273:
1956:
1921:
1891:
1806:
1668:
1610:
1478:
1434:
1420:
1390:
1306:
1022:"Production and Reproduction of Warrior States: Segu Bambara and Segu Tokolor, c. 1712-1890"
977:
843:
331:
134:
88:
37:
1961:
1916:
1911:
1692:
1630:
1615:
1539:
1517:
1410:
1379:
1316:
1248:
847:
618:
585:
392:
1200:
943:
Izard, M.; Ki-Zerbo, Joseph (1992). "From the Niger to the Volta". In Ogot, B. A. (ed.).
521:
region. The
Ngolosi, his descendants, would continue to rule the Empire until its fall.
1070:
1941:
1926:
1906:
1886:
1881:
1841:
1638:
1590:
1296:
1276:
1091:
853:
671:
558:
525:
443:
439:
411:
356:
306:
1978:
1871:
1708:
1663:
1658:
1620:
1125:
946:
General
History of Africa vol. V: Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century
796:
756:
often consulted religious sculptures in their decisions, particularly the four state
678:
633:
546:
518:
490:
471:
467:
363:. The empire existed as a centralized state from 1712 until the 1861 invasion by the
260:
493:. A devout muslim, he attempted to convert the empire and was soon deposed himself.
1951:
1846:
1826:
1796:
1648:
1311:
1256:
800:
771:
or appointed governors. The royal symbols were a bow and arrows, and a golden axe.
665:
510:
447:
146:
779:
The economy of the Bamana Empire flourished through trade, especially that of the
403:, and set about overthrowing the traditional political order. He became the first
1195:
1876:
1866:
1713:
1266:
815:
530:
475:
435:
431:
427:
419:
348:
1821:
921:. Vol. III (Illustrated, revised ed.). Facts On File. p. 238-9.
451:
17:
69:
Some of the cities in Mali which were under the control of the Bamana Empire.
699:
573:
533:. After Mansong's death in 1808, the empire's power progressively declined.
479:
463:
368:
705:
Ali Diarra : 1859–1861. Defeated and driven out of Segou by Umar Tall.
550:
529:
prosperous city of around 30,000 inhabitants straddling both banks of the
1331:
1127:
The Bamana Empire by the Niger: Kingdom, Jihad and
Colonization 1712–1920
825:
749:
514:
466:, though he held the latter city only briefly. In 1751 he also conquered
414:
techniques, Bitòn
Kulubali built a large army of conscripts known as the
78:
485:
Mamari's death in 1755 inaugurated an era of instability and civil war.
791:
were put to work by the state either as laborers or as soldiers in the
581:
502:
226:
222:
98:
1021:
1931:
1901:
1851:
1766:
1291:
859:
811:
459:
455:
423:
352:
1724:
760:, large altars designed to aid the acquisition of political power.
1946:
1896:
1856:
1831:
1786:
612:
Danfassari : 1672–1697, established the capital at Segou-Koro
554:
404:
305:
102:
1781:
1236:
1205:
698:
Torokoro Mari Diarra: 1854–1859. A Muslim friendly with El Hadj
298:
1728:
1209:
489:
reigned for a few years before being overthrown by his brother
677:
Da Diarra : 1808–1827. Son of
Mansong, lost control of
828:
in 1797 recorded a testament to the Empire's prosperity:
407:
of Ségou, making it the capital of a new Bamana Empire.
1002:
Tauxier, Louis (1930). "Chronologie des rois bambaras".
856:, an ethnic group who represent 40% of Mali's population
783:
captured in their many wars. One category of slave, the
605: : 1652–1672. A mercenary warlord originally from
730:
but who were in practice a military aristocracy. Any
422:. He introduced a novel system of taxation using the
342:
48:
1629:
1557:
1516:
1433:
1360:
1247:
763:Administratively, the core of the state was in the
355:it was one of the most important successors of the
294:
218:
204:
194:
184:
170:
156:
140:
128:
116:
108:
94:
84:
74:
32:
1124:
478:a vassal. During this time he founded the city of
1053:La geste de Segou racontee par des griots bambara
430:. His successful defeat of an invasion from the
1990:States and territories established in the 1640s
1098:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 245.
830:
917:Page, Willie F. (2005). Davis, R. Hunt (ed.).
1740:
1221:
568:succeeded each other in rapid fashion as the
8:
1196:Mali traditional states from World Statesman
850:language, spoken by 6 million people in Mali
722:(nominally, slaves of the community) led by
186:• Mamari (Biton) Coulibaly takes power
1169:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
970:"Une histoire du Mali: Le Mali précolonial"
968:YATTARA, Elmouloud; DIALLO, Boubacar Séga.
919:Encyclopedia of African History and Culture
862:, another Bambara kingdom of the same epoch
814:or towards the coast. They exchanged guns,
1747:
1733:
1725:
1563:
1522:
1439:
1366:
1228:
1214:
1206:
655:Kafa Dyougou: 1763–1766 ruled from Gassin.
636: : 1757–1757. Muslim, deposed by the
63:
29:
1075:. London: W. Bulmer and Company. p.
1015:
1013:
997:
995:
824:, passing through the Bambara capital of
818:, horses, salt, gold, cloth, and slaves.
206:• Conquest by the Toucouleur Empire
588:, marking the end of the Bamana Empire.
1191:Segu Kingdom rulers, from Host Kingdoms
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
872:
609:; overthrew the Koita dynasty of Segou.
561:. Timbuktu would fall as well in 1845.
418:and a navy of war canoes to patrol the
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
806:Trade was conducted largely by Muslim
695:Massala Demba Diarra : 1851–1854
692:Nalouma Kouma Diarra : 1849–1851
203:
193:
183:
169:
165:
139:
127:
123:
115:
7:
27:West African state from 1712 to 1861
1055:. Paris: Armand Colin. p. 404.
347:) was one of the largest states of
335:
41:
689:Kirango-Ba Diarra : 1841–1849
649:Ton-Mansa Dembelé : 1757–1760
25:
627:: 1755–1757, assassinated by the
553:and much of the territory around
2005:1861 disestablishments in Africa
1131:. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener.
974:Histoire de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
810:merchants who traded across the
652:Kaniouba Niouma Barry: 1760–1763
351:in the 18th century. Along with
278:
253:
196:• Ngolo Diarra takes power
683:Tiéfolo Diarra : 1827–1839
1995:1640s establishments in Africa
1123:Djata, Sundiata A. K. (1997).
787:, could be sold; another, the
702:, he was deposed and executed.
597:Coulibaly dynasty, the Bitonsi
1:
2000:1712 establishments in Africa
1201:Epics about the Segou Kingdom
734:strong enough to control the
1165:Roberts, Richard L. (1987).
410:Fortifying the capital with
343:
49:
2031:
1272:History of the Mali Empire
1026:Journal of African History
686:Nianemba Diarra: 1839–1841
482:as an outpost and armory.
314:at Segou koro, near Ségou.
1762:
1686:
1566:
1525:
1442:
1369:
1051:Dumestre, Gerard (1979).
1020:Roberts, Richard (1980).
232:
214:
166:
152:
124:
62:
57:
619:Mamari (Biton) Coulibaly
592:List of Faamas of Segou
1146:Condé, Maryse (1996).
835:
586:fell on March 10, 1861
315:
312:Biton Mamary Coulibaly
1322:2012 Tuareg rebellion
309:
85:Common languages
1396:Environmental issues
897:. UK: Penguin Books.
893:Green, Toby (2020).
748:, a body to resolve
176:establishes dynasty
1337:Ebola disease event
895:A Fistful of Shells
726:, or slaves of the
644:Tondjon interregnum
557:and forming into a
161:Early modern period
1872:Mahdiyya caliphate
1535:Telecommunications
1287:Kénédougou Kingdom
543:Battle of Noukouma
505:and leader of the
501:In 1766, a former
474:of the rump-state
386:Kaladian Coulibaly
367:conqueror El Hadj
316:
2010:Sahelian kingdoms
1970:
1969:
1756:Sahelian kingdoms
1722:
1721:
1682:
1681:
1596:Human trafficking
1553:
1552:
1512:
1511:
1489:Political parties
1484:National Assembly
1457:Foreign relations
1429:
1428:
1302:Toucouleur Empire
1262:Pre-Imperial Mali
1150:. Penguin Books.
1096:Africa in History
625:Dinkoro Coulibaly
487:Dinkoro Coulibaly
341:
304:
303:
290:
289:
286:
285:
274:Toucouleur Empire
266:
265:
142:• 1766-1790
130:• 1712-1755
47:
16:(Redirected from
2022:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1726:
1702:
1695:
1564:
1523:
1440:
1367:
1307:Wassoulou Empire
1230:
1223:
1216:
1207:
1180:
1161:
1142:
1130:
1110:
1109:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1017:
1008:
1007:
999:
990:
989:
987:
985:
980:on 26 March 2005
976:. Archived from
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
940:
923:
922:
914:
899:
898:
890:
844:Bambara language
615:Souma: 1697–1712
346:
340:romanized:
339:
337:
336:ߓߊ߲ߓߊߙߊ߲߫ ߝߊ߯ߡߟߊ
282:
281:
270:
269:
257:
256:
250:
249:
234:
233:
135:Mamary Coulibaly
67:
52:
46:romanized:
45:
43:
42:ߓߊ߲ߓߊߙߊ߲߫ ߝߊ߯ߡߟߊ
30:
21:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2019:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1758:
1753:
1723:
1718:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1678:
1674:Public holidays
1625:
1549:
1508:
1474:Law enforcement
1425:
1356:
1317:Mali Federation
1243:
1234:
1187:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1145:
1139:
1122:
1119:
1117:Further reading
1114:
1113:
1106:
1092:Davidson, Basil
1090:
1088:
1084:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1001:
1000:
993:
983:
981:
967:
966:
962:
952:
950:
942:
941:
926:
916:
915:
902:
892:
891:
874:
869:
840:
803:trading posts.
777:
752:concerns. The
712:
662:
646:
599:
594:
564:After 1839 the
539:
499:
393:Mamari Kulubali
382:
377:
361:Bitòn Coulibaly
344:Banbaran Fāmala
279:
254:
207:
197:
187:
177:
143:
131:
70:
53:
50:Banbaran Fāmala
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2015:Former empires
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Mossi kingdoms
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Hausa kingdoms
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1752:
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1744:
1737:
1729:
1720:
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1717:
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1711:
1704:
1703:
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1679:
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1656:
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1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1571:Child marriage
1567:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1504:Vice President
1501:
1499:Prime Minister
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1406:National parks
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Massina Empire
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1277:Songhai Empire
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1233:
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1225:
1218:
1210:
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1203:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1185:External links
1183:
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871:
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854:Bambara people
851:
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776:
773:
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708:
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672:Mansong Diarra
669:
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641:
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631:
622:
616:
613:
610:
598:
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559:Massina Empire
538:
537:Jihad and fall
535:
526:Mansong Diarra
498:
495:
381:
378:
376:
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357:Songhai Empire
324:Bambara Empire
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18:Bambara Empire
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13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
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1996:
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1991:
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1985:Bamana Empire
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1581:Ethnic groups
1579:
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1342:2020 protests
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1282:Bamana Empire
1280:
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1199:
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1189:
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1178:
1176:0-8047-1378-2
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1157:0-14-025949-X
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1138:1-55876-131-4
1134:
1129:
1128:
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1120:
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1107:
1105:0-684-82667-4
1101:
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635:
634:Ali Coulibaly
632:
630:
626:
623:
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591:
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583:
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560:
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548:
547:Cheikou Amadu
544:
536:
534:
532:
527:
522:
520:
516:
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508:
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496:
494:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
470:, making the
469:
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461:
457:
453:
449:
446:, conquering
445:
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437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
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408:
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389:
387:
384:Around 1640,
379:
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:Bamana Empire
313:
308:
300:
297:
295:Today part of
293:
277:
275:
272:
271:
268:
262:
261:Saadi dynasty
259:
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119:
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100:
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83:
80:
77:
73:
66:
61:
56:
51:
39:
34:Bamana Empire
31:
19:
1972:
1776:
1606:Prostitution
1576:Demographics
1462:Human rights
1447:Constitution
1378:
1312:French Sudan
1281:
1257:Ghana Empire
1166:
1147:
1126:
1095:
1085:
1071:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1032:(3): 389–414
1029:
1025:
1003:
982:. Retrieved
978:the original
973:
963:
953:16 September
951:. Retrieved
945:
918:
894:
831:
820:
807:
805:
801:Gambia river
792:
788:
784:
778:
768:
764:
762:
757:
753:
745:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
713:
666:Ngolo Diarra
637:
628:
569:
565:
563:
540:
524:Ngolo's son
523:
511:Ngolo Diarra
506:
500:
484:
415:
409:
400:
396:
390:
383:
328:Ségou Empire
327:
323:
319:
317:
243:Succeeded by
242:
237:
147:Ngolo Diarra
1862:Kanem–Bornu
1812:Futa Jallon
1530:Foreign aid
1467:LGBT rights
1267:Mali Empire
1067:Park, Mungo
816:shell money
750:theological
668:: 1766–1787
621:: 1712–1755
531:Niger river
476:Mali Empire
432:Kong Empire
349:West Africa
238:Preceded by
1979:Categories
1937:Toucouleur
1837:Great Fulo
1654:Literature
1089:Quoted in
1036:25 October
867:References
822:Mungo Park
720:forobadjon
710:Government
578:Toucouleur
452:Beledougou
442:, and the
365:Toucouleur
109:Government
1957:Wassoulou
1817:Futa Toro
1601:Languages
1586:Education
1545:Transport
1494:President
1452:Elections
1401:Mountains
1362:Geography
1352:2021 coup
1347:2020 coup
1327:2012 coup
1004:Outre-Mer
700:Umar Tall
574:Umar Tall
464:Tomboctou
426:shell as
369:Umar Tall
95:Religion
58:1712–1861
1709:Category
1669:Polygamy
1611:Religion
1479:Military
1435:Politics
1421:Wildlife
1391:Communes
1332:Mali War
1241:articles
1094:(1995).
1069:(1799).
949:. UNESCO
838:See also
793:ton djon
765:too-daga
736:tondjons
724:tondjons
660:Ngolossi
638:ton djon
629:ton djon
603:Kaladian
517:and the
515:Timbuktu
507:ton djon
428:currency
416:ton djon
391:In 1712
310:Tomb of
219:Currency
174:Kaladian
112:Monarchy
1927:Songhai
1912:Shilluk
1882:Massina
1772:Bagirmi
1693:Outline
1639:Cuisine
1631:Culture
1616:Slavery
1559:Society
1540:Tourism
1518:Economy
1411:Regions
1380:Cercles
1374:Borders
1249:History
984:29 June
833:Africa.
797:Senegal
775:Economy
582:Nyamina
541:At the
497:Ngolosi
440:Soninke
412:Songhai
380:Bitonsi
375:History
332:Bambara
227:mithqal
223:cowries
172:•
99:Animism
89:Bambara
75:Capital
38:Bambara
1942:Tunjur
1932:Takrur
1922:Sokoto
1907:Sennar
1902:Saloum
1852:Kaarta
1802:Darfur
1792:Dagbon
1777:Bamana
1767:Alodia
1714:Portal
1591:Health
1416:Rivers
1386:Cities
1292:Kaarta
1239:
1173:
1154:
1135:
1102:
860:Kaarta
812:Sahara
808:maraka
785:jonfin
781:slaves
679:Macina
570:tonjon
566:faamaw
551:Djenné
519:Macina
509:named
460:Bamako
456:Djenne
448:Macina
438:, the
436:Fulani
424:cowrie
353:Kaarta
322:(also
180:c.1640
120:
1952:Wadai
1947:Waalo
1897:Niumi
1892:Niani
1857:Kaabu
1847:Jolof
1832:Gobir
1827:Ghana
1807:Dendi
1787:Cayor
1700:Index
1664:Music
1659:Media
1644:Films
1621:Women
848:Mande
826:Ségou
789:jonba
769:faama
758:boliw
741:faama
732:faama
555:Mopti
503:slave
472:Mansa
468:Niani
444:Mossi
420:Niger
405:Faama
401:bitòn
117:Faama
103:Islam
79:Ségou
1962:Wuli
1917:Sine
1877:Mali
1867:Kong
1797:Daju
1782:Baol
1649:Flag
1237:Mali
1171:ISBN
1152:ISBN
1148:Segu
1133:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1038:2023
1006:: 9.
986:2023
955:2023
846:, a
799:and
754:kòmò
746:kòmò
607:Kong
576:, a
462:and
318:The
299:Mali
210:1861
200:1766
190:1712
1822:Gao
1077:196
728:ton
716:ton
491:Ali
480:Bla
397:tòn
326:or
1981::
1030:13
1028:.
1024:.
1012:^
994:^
972:.
927:^
903:^
875:^
458:,
454:,
450:,
371:.
338:,
334::
330:,
225:,
101:,
44:,
40::
1748:e
1741:t
1734:v
1229:e
1222:t
1215:v
1179:.
1160:.
1141:.
1108:.
1079:.
1040:.
988:.
957:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
