888:
678:(2018) in their research and synthesis of Croatian history concluded that the Avar linguistic argumentation is unconvincing and the historical sources poorly support such a thesis, emphasizing rather the Frankish origin of the title. Ančić emphasized that Avarian derivation is related to cultural and political ideologization since the 19th century which avoided any association with Germanization and German heritage. According to him, the title and its functions directly derive from a Germanic medieval term
2687:, pp. 51, 117–118: pg. 51 "It must be the case then that the anonymous author of Constantine’s major source on the Croats was the same one who wrote that the Avars lived in Dalmatia, since he overstretched Dalmatia as far as up to Danube to be able to include the territory of Lower Pannonia recorded in the DCBC. It was then this same anonymous author who made this confusion about the Avars living in Dalmatia, not Constantine."
1104:
430:, with the Pannonian Avars. He concluded how Avars lived in that same territory, basing his thesis on a literal reading of the statement from Constantine VII's 30th chapter, "there are still descendants of the Avars in Croatia, and are recognized as Avars". However, modern historians and archaeologists until now proved the opposite, that Avars never lived in the area of the
285:. The Supetar Cartulary includes information until the 12th century, but the specific writing about bans is dated to the late 13th and early 14th century, a transcript of an older document. It mentions that there existed seven bans and they were elected by the six of twelve Croatian noble tribes, where the title is written as
594:
The latter conclusion by Šišić and Klaić was previously loosely opposed by Rački, who studying old historical records observed that ban could only be someone from one of the twelve
Croatian tribes according to Supetar cartulary. This viewpoint is supported by the Chronicle of Duklja; Latin redaction;
2114:
mentioned in the ARF in 795, 796, 811; cf. ARF, 96, 98, 135. An
Iranian origin of this word should not be ruled out – ban = keeper, guard; cf. H. G. Lunt, Old Church Slavonic Grammar, Berlin 2001, 256. Whether the Avars introduced this title into Europe, or the Croats and the Serbs (due to their
574:
considered that is impossible it directly originated from a personal name of an Avar ruler because the title needs a logical continuity. He doubted its existence among Slavic tribes during the great migration, and within early South Slavic principalities. He strongly supported the Šafárik thesis
322:
language, but such a derivation is highly criticized by the modern historians who rather argue
Western European origin. The title's origin among medieval Croats is not completely understood, and it is hard to determine the exact source and to reconstruct the primal form of the Turkic word it is
559:
shared similar Klaić's viewpoint, and emphasized the widespread distribution of a toponym from India to
Ireland, and particularly among Slavic lands, and considered it as an impossibility that had derived from a personal name of a poorly known khagan, yet from a prehistoric word
737:
or fought against
Germanic peoples. Bali considered that the Croatian rulers possibly were influenced by the Byzantine model in the organization of the territory and borrowed the terminology and that such thesis can be related to Sokol's arguing of Western influence.
380:
which led the raids on provinces of the
Byzantine Empire. Some scholars assume that the personal name was a possible misinterpretation of a title, but Bayan already had a title of khagan, and the name, as well its derivation, are well confirmed. The title
3647:
Sokol, Vladimir (2008), "Starohrvatska ostruga iz Brušana u Lic: Neki rani povijesni aspekti prostora Like – problem banata" [An early
Croatian spur from Brušani in Lika: Some early historical aspects of the Lika region - the "banat" problem],
874:
99:, in the 30th and 31st chapter "Story of the province of Dalmatia" and "Of the Croats and of the country they now dwell in", dedicated to the Croats and the Croatian organisation of their medieval state. In the 30th chapter, describing in
3046:(Strassburg, 1893) cited the word "ban" with the meaning of "Herr" (master), and added it never comes alone in that form. J. J. P. Desmaison was a French diplomat and didactic director who lived and worked in Russia. In his
949:. This imperial title, somehow related to that of a ban, was given to provincial governors and foreign rulers, and most probably was used to highlight the connection between the Croatian and Byzantine royal court.
538:
pointed out that the title before 12th century is documented only among Croats, and did not consider a problem that Bajan was a personal name and not a title, as seen in the most accepted derivation of Slavic word
941:
defending a frontier region. That the ban was significant almost as a king is seen in a 1042 charter in which a certain ban "S", most probably
Stjepan Praska, founded by himself a monastery of
2127:, p. 55: U većini je slučajeva vrlo teško utvrditi točan izvor i rekonstruirati praoblik takvih turkijskih riječi iz kojih su nastali npr. stsl. kniga, byserь, hrv. bán, hmềlj, hrền itd."
789:, usage of the Croatian title "ban" in Bosnia indicates that political ties with the Croatian world was from the earliest times, while supreme leader of the Serbs has always been called the
984:, and continued all the way until 1918. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually become chief government officials in Croatia. They were at the head of Ban's Government as well Court (
466:
wrote that the word, of
Croatian origin, probably was expanded by the Croats among the Bulgarians and Serbs, while if it is Persian, than among Slavs is borrowed from the Turks.
373:, which some scholars trying to explain the title's origin interpreted with alleged meaning of "ruler of the horde", itself is attested as the 6th century personal name of Avar
504:
did not discard the possibility South Slavs could obtain it from Avars, but he disbelieved it had happened in
Dalmatia, yet somewhere in Pannonia, and noticed the existence of
398:
The title's etymological and functional origins are unknown. It was used as "evidence" throughout the history of historiography to prove ideological assumptions on Avars, and
69:. They often ruled as the king's governmental representatives, supreme military commanders and judges, and in 18th century Croatia, even as chief government officials. In the
3814:
3678:(1995), "Novi pokušaji rješavanja problematike Hrvata u Karantaniji" [New attempts to resolve the problems of Croats in Karantania], in Budak, Neven (ed.),
2938:
2891:
2841:
2772:
599:( in every province allocated a ban, and they were duke's consanguin brothers); Croatian redaction defines that all bans need to be by origin native and noble.
925:
The fairly late mid-10th century mention, because is not mentioned in older inscriptions and royal charters, indicates it was not preserved from the period of
456:), and neglected that it should derive from the Slavic name Bojan. His thesis would be later endorsed by many historians, and both South Slavic titles ban and
3011:
2574:
2967:
Bechcicki, Jerzy (2006). "O problematici etnogeneze Bijele Hrvatske" [About the issue of ethnogenesis of White Croatia]. In Nosić, Milan (ed.).
1260:
820:
reigned in the name of the ruler, he is the first state dignitary after King, the King's legal representative, and had various powers and functions.
692:. Archaeologist Vladimir Sokol (2007) independently came to a very similar conclusion relating it to the influence of Franks during their control of
1275:
543:(kral/lj, krol). He mentioned both thesis (from Turkic-Persian, and Slavic "bojan, bojarin"), as well the German-Gothic theory derivation from
575:
about Avar descendants in Lika, now dismissed by scholars, and concluded that in that territory they had a separate governor whom they called
3481:
3361:
2407:
3333:[Two works from the middle of the 14th century: Contribution to the understanding of "social knowledge" in the Croatian Kingdom],
3577:(1995), "Osnove Hrvatske etnogeneze: Avari i Slaveni" [Basics of Croatian ethnogenesis: Avars and Slavs], in Budak, Neven (ed.),
3448:
Košćak, Vladimir (1995), "Iranska teorija o podrijetlu Hrvata" [Iranian theory on the origin of Croats], in Budak, Neven (ed.),
1567:
The Iranian theory besides the already mentioned, according some modern scholars additionally notes; the Persian-English dictionary by
1459:
was a coin struck between 1235 and 1384. In the sense of money same is in Romania, Bulgaria (bronze coins), and Old Polish (shilling).
961:
385:
among the Avars has never been attested to in the historical sources, and as such the Avarian etymological derivation is unconvincing.
1018:. Nevertheless, the Bosnian bans were never viceroys, in the sense as their neighbors in the west in Croatia, appointed by the king.
762:
3809:
3720:
3695:
3590:
3565:
3504:
3461:
3405:
2980:
2508:
2474:
700:. In 2013, historian Tomislav Bali noted the possible connection of the title with the military and territorial administrative unit
258:
2560:
1986:
1512:
1145:
929:
as was previously presumed in historiography. It rather indicates to the influence of the expansion of the Northern border by King
1006:
At the beginning Bosnian status as a de facto independent state fluctuated, depending on era, in terms of its relations with the
614:
is never mentioned in such a form, and there's no evidence that Avars and Turks ever used a title closely related to the title
399:
2410:. Livius.org. pp. 2, 18–28: 2, 29–37: 2, 46–54: 2, 79-88: 3, 11–19: 3, 29-37: 3, 49–57: 3, 84–92: 5, 1–10. Archived from
3158:
2102:
is probably close to the personal name of Bayan (Avar) and could be of Turkic origin; cf. DAI II, 121. However, the title of
1295:
is preserved in many modern toponym and place names, in the regions where bans once ruled, as well as in the personal names.
688:, the royal power of raising of armies and the exercise of justice later delegated to the counts, which was widely used in
460:
were asserted as Avars official titles, but it had more to do with the scholar's ideology of the time than actual reality.
3799:
3774:
1644:
1186:
915:
766:
540:
1029:(1163–1204). The Bosnian medieval dynasties who used the title Ban from the 12th until the end of 14th century includes
591:
advocated the same claims of Avars descendants in Lika, and considered bans and župans as Avar officials and governors.
3784:
3416:"Croatian Ethnogenesis: A Review of Component Stages and Interpretations (with Emphasis on Eurasian/Nomadic Elements)"
208:
In 1029, a Latin charter was published by Jelena, sister of ban Godemir, in Obrovac, for donation to the monastery of
323:
derived from. According to mainstream theory it is generally explained as a derivation from the personal name of the
313:
3432:
3276:
3179:
1933:
3603:
3415:
1701:
1073:
3794:
3789:
2500:
1732:
1542:
1081:
1069:
702:
500:, with which tried to prove the Bulgarian-Avar (Turkic) theory on the origin of early medieval Croats. Historian
478:("rich, wealthy"), and noted Bajan is a personal name among Mongols, Avars, Bulgars, Altaic Tatars, and Kirghiz.
431:
2862:(in Serbo-Croatian), vol. I, Vjestnik Kr. hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinskog zemaljskog arkiva, pp. 25–26
887:
403:
1181:
1153:
1087:
The Bosnian medieval state used the title "ban" until the rulers adopted the use of the title "king" under the
1077:
976:. Two different bans were appointed until 1476, when the institution of a single ban was resumed. The title of
95:
911:
1820:
signifies "hill, peak, height", and as such was transferred to the meaning of "high dignity". I. Mužić cites
3599:
2439:
2381:
2353:
2325:
1809:
1240:
1115:, besides those in Croatia and Bosnia, were also formed as banates usually as frontier provinces in today's
903:
899:
837:
603:
202:
945:
granting it land, taxation, wealth, cattle, peasants, and that he attained the Byzantine imperial title of
3779:
3663:
2316:
1715:
1507:
847:
1283:
between 1929 and 1941. The weight of the title was far less than that of a medieval ban's feudal office.
3769:
1280:
1270:
328:
318:
is considered to not be of native Slavic lexical stock and is generally argued to be a borrowing from a
307:
3272:
2786:
1169:
1046:
479:
343:
is sometimes explained as a native Turkic word; however, it could also be a borrowing from the Iranian
3729:
1628:
1469:
1431:
663:
3258:
Plamen Pavlov - Car Konstantin II Asen (1397–1422) - posledniyat vladetel na srednovekovna Bulgariya
3042:, pp. 396–397 (I): Paul Horn was a german philologist of Iranian and Turkish languages. In his
2819:
571:
3331:"Dva teksta iz sredine 14. stoljeća. Prilog poznavanju "društvenog znanja" u Hrvatskom Kraljevstvu"
2873:
2490:
2277:
1660:
1568:
1517:
1391:
1243:
on few occasions, but remained an exception. One example was the 14th-century governor of Sredets (
1173:
930:
509:
226:
noted that if it is not an original, then it is certainly a transcript from the same 11th century.
174:
2411:
1826:
Tunc Gothi fecerunt sibi regem Tetolam qui fuerat aliis regibus banus et obsedebat undique Romanis
891:
1201:
1177:
1112:
1092:
1007:
770:
66:
3533:
2529:
1749:
1502:
1163:
1061:
919:
782:
535:
513:
205:)", and after that followed a temporary decrease in the military force of the Croatian Kingdom.
61:
Europe between the 7th and 20th centuries. The most common examples have been found in medieval
3257:
1462:
The term is also found in personal surnames: Ban, Banić, Banović, Banovac, Balaban, Balabanić.
3819:
3716:
3691:
3586:
3561:
3541:
3500:
3477:
3457:
3401:
3357:
3154:
3150:
3144:
2976:
2932:
2885:
2835:
2766:
2504:
2470:
1527:
1497:
1465:
1438:
1414:
in Serbia. The building received this name because it previously hosted the administration of
1303:
1266:
1220:
1141:
1088:
981:
881:
778:
238:
1138:(12/13th century-1324/1463) which rulership was contested by the Banate and Kingdom of Bosnia
3804:
3659:
3651:"Arheološka istraživanja u Lici" i "Arheologija peći i krša" Gospić, 16.-19. listopada 2007.
3549:
3537:
3347:
1492:
1399:
1157:
1011:
1001:
774:
758:
734:
707:
402:. The starting point of the debate was year 1837, and the work of historian and philologist
319:
70:
58:
25:
658:; keeper, guard), besides Avarian, was shared by the modern scholars like Vladimir Košćak,
3687:
3526:
2736:
1761:
1736:
1522:
1487:
1449:
1415:
1314:
946:
868:
727:
631:
463:
324:
90:
2855:
1910:
1131:
501:
223:
2578:
1995:
3371:
2997:
2754:
2403:
1801:
1482:
1427:
1402:(a first-tier subdivision of Bosnia and Herzegovina) until 2008. The building known as
1194:
1135:
1065:
1052:
Some of the most prominent bans from the 12th until the end of 13th centuries includes
1042:
989:
985:
957:
926:
907:
877:
864:
794:
679:
548:
467:
100:
54:
3654:, vol. 23, Zagreb-Gospić: Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva, pp. 183–199
2320:
2110:. It is probable that ban was a military commander of a high rank, similar to that of
583:. The thesis of alleged Avar governor title Šišić based on his personal derivation of
3763:
3752:
3675:
3557:
3545:
1805:
1360:
597:
Unaquaque in provincia banum ordinavit, id est ducem, ex suis consanguineis fratribus
588:
552:
446:
derives from the "name-title" Bayan, which is also a Persian title word (see Turkish
242:
1988:
Pripis Supetarskog kartulara o izboru starohrvatskog kralja i popis onodobnih banova
1383:
790:
786:
332:
3027:
Nutarnje stanje Hrvatske prije XII. Stoljeća, III: Vrhovna državna vlast... rad 91
1273:
between 1929 and 1941. Ban was the title of the governor of each province (called
1176:
and Banate of Baranja (13th century) contested between Hungarian king, Bulgarians
1053:
1030:
1022:
3471:
2494:
2376:
2281:
968:
as a whole between 1102 and 1225, when it was split into two separate banovinas:
622:
with statements from two Persian dictionaries (released 1893 and 1903); the noun
3704:
3574:
3140:
2920:
2434:
2348:
1753:
1395:
1364:
1103:
754:
747:
675:
659:
556:
261:, which is dated to 12th and 13th century, in the Latin redaction is written as
1261:
Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia § Banates (banovinas; 1929–1941)
753:
was the title used for local land administrators in the areas of Balkans where
366:, and there were additionally proposed Iranian, and Germanic, language origin.
3632:
2408:"The Behistun inscription: Column 2, lines 18-28 (to see others move forward)"
2287:
1368:
1224:
1034:
643:
489:
492:
derived the title from the name of Avar khagan Bayan I, and Bulgarian khagan
173:). In the 31st chapter, describing the military and naval force of Croatia, "
1652:
1423:
1411:
1212:
1149:
1057:
1038:
1026:
642:). He considered that the early Croats originated from the Iranian-speaking
1828:. I. Mužić additionally noted the consideration by Celtologist Ranka Kuić (
1382:("ban's court") for the buildings that host high government officials. The
964:, the title of ban was appointed by the kings. Croatia was governed by the
746:
Sources from the earliest periods are scarce, but existing show that since
2467:
Croats and autochthony: in the territory of the Roman province of Dalmatia
873:
1640:
1632:
1611:
1537:
1407:
1124:
980:
persisted in Croatia even after 1527 when the country became part of the
973:
969:
938:
934:
697:
497:
457:
435:
1627:(henchman, loyal servant, royal vassal), an epithet of high rank in the
482:
decided for an intermediate solution; by origin is Avar or Persian from
3330:
2106:
among the Avars has never been attested to in historical sources, only
1720:
1706:
1648:
1547:
1456:
1144:(1228–1526) which in the 16th century was divided between Hungary (see
1120:
953:
805:
689:
639:
377:
116:
62:
50:
3004:
Croatian rulers from the middle of VI. century until end of X. century
3522:
1797:
1664:
1636:
1601:
1387:
1318:
1248:
1116:
723:
693:
544:
493:
374:
252:
234:
196:
184:
144:
126:
110:
3649:
1756:
who developed the view by philologist Johann Georg Wachter from his
1430:, and of the administrative building (rectorate and library) of the
3733:
937:
by the Hungarians, making the position of ban similar to that of a
406:, whose thesis has influenced generations of scholars. In his work
1532:
1410:
hosts the parliament and government of the Autonomous Province of
1322:
1310:
1299:
1244:
1208:
1102:
906:(969–995), Gvarda or Varda (c. 995–1000), Božeteh (c. 1000–1030),
886:
872:
651:
647:
363:
353:
213:
170:
46:
1934:"Religiozni elementi u diplomatičkim izvorima stare Hrvatske (2)"
339:"rich, richness, wealth; prince; husband". The Proto-Turkic root
3640:
2798:
2079:
2077:
2075:
1918:
1710:
1349:
809:
427:
230:
154:
2463:
Hrvati i autohtonost: na teritoriju rimske provincije Dalmacije
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
922:(c. 1075–1091) who would become the last native Croatian king.
610:
is never mentioned in historical sources as a title, the title
442:
called their governor, and in the end concluded that the title
2830:] (in Croatian), Zagreb, pp. 250 (Bury), 276, 678–680
800:
The meaning of the title changed with time: the position of a
448:
345:
2534:
Vjesnik Kr. Hrvatsko-Slavonsko-Dalmatinskog Zemaljskog Arkiva
2149:
2147:
2145:
1915:
Documenta historiae chroaticae periodum antiquam illustrantia
1107:
Banates of the Kingdom of Hungary on the southern borderlands
674:
In the 21st century, historians like Mladen Ančić (2013) and
524:, as thus how it is written in the Greek historical records (
246:
229:
In the 12th century, the title was mentioned by an anonymous
190:
178:
164:
158:
148:
138:
132:
120:
104:
34:
3376:
An etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth century Turkish
2927:(in Serbo-Croatian), vol. III, Zagreb, pp. 477–478
2017:
579:, from which after Avar assimilation, became Croatian title
2925:
O značenju topografskog nazivlja u južnoslavenskim stranama
2695:
2693:
2629:
2627:
2205:
2203:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1579:
derives from verb (meaning "keeping, managing"), composing
1355:
In Bosnia and Herzegovina numerous toponyms exist, such as
434:(including Lika), and that statement occurred somewhere in
422:, obviously not of Slavic lexical stock, which ruled over
2115:
highly probable Iranian origin) remains yet to be solved.
2028:
2026:
350:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
1768:(1883). V. Klaić noted the relation between Gothic word
400:
specific theories on the origin of early medieval Croats
311:
3433:"The Avars: A Review of Their Ethnogenesis and History"
3102:(gatekeeper), and in the third edition cited the title
2903:
2901:
2656:
2654:
2062:
2060:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3106:(boundary guardian, principality guvernour, guardian).
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
769:(1102–1526), and many regions ruled and influenced by
757:
population migrated around the 7th century, namely in
602:
The mainstream view of the time was mainly opposed by
3312:
Film a doba: měsíčník pro filmovou kulturu, Volume 29
3180:"Review of Paul Stephenson, ur., The Byzantine World"
2880:(in Serbo-Croatian), vol. I, Zagreb, p. 136
2166:
2164:
2162:
1994:(in Croatian), Zagreb: Školska Knjiga, archived from
37:
3637:
Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika
2999:
Hrvatski vladari od sredine VI. do kraja X. stoljeća
2828:
History of the Croats at the time of national rulers
2743:(in German), Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, p. 169
823:
In South Slavic languages, the territory ruled by a
418:(1864), was the first to connect the ruler title of
31:
3735:
De conversione Croatorum et Serborum: A Lost Source
3556:(in Croatian), vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Zagreb:
3391:] (in Croatian), Zagreb, Čakovec: Alemko Gluhak
2761:, vol. I (2 ed.), Heidelberg, p. 42
1014:. Its rulers were called bans, and their territory
28:
16:
Noble title used in Central and Southeastern Europe
1816:(rounded hills), and Wachter's consideration that
438:. Šafárik assumed that the Avars by the name word
2741:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der slavischen Sprachen
1468:, a 1981 Yugoslavian adventure film, is based on
1095:being the first who inaugurate the title "king".
103:, how the Croatian state was divided into eleven
65:and medieval regions ruled and influenced by the
3670:, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, p. 340
654:. The view of the possible Iranian origin (from
3668:Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages
1796:, with all to denote the office power grant or
1766:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
626:(lord, master, illustrious man, chief), suffix
3627:] (in Russian), vol. 2, Moscow: Nauka
3515:Poredbenopovijesna gramatika hrvatskoga jezika
2377:"Barda and Barda-Dāri: In the Sasanian period"
516:thought that the title should not derive from
280:
177:, who ruled for four years, was killed by the
2255:, pp. 29–32, 326, 328–329, 366, 414–417.
1655:, Taxmaspāda, Vaumisa, Artavardiya), and the
812:, but neither is accurate for all historical
733:, a military term used by the troops who had
49:of local rulers or officeholders, similar to
8:
2962:
2960:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2347:Dandamayev, Muhammad A. (15 December 1988).
2283:A concise dictionary of the Persian language
2136:
1836:a Celtic designation for "hill peak", while
1325:rivers, now in Romania, Serbia and Hungary.
3625:Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages
3012:Museum of Croatian Archaeological Monuments
2975:] (in Croatian). Maveda. pp. 7–8.
2575:Museum of Croatian Archaeological Monuments
2153:
1472:, a fictional hero of Serbian epic poetry.
474:, which was borrowed from Mongolian-Turkic
274:
268:
262:
217:
3519:Comparative Historical Grammar of Croatian
2937:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2890:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2840:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2824:Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara
2771:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2532:(1889). "Porieklo banske časti u Hrvata".
1679:, "bond, fetter", from Indo-European root
2349:"Barda and Barda-Dāri: Achaemenid Period"
2182:
2124:
3070:(lord, master, illustrious man, chief);
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2797:] (in Serbo-Croatian), vol. I,
2684:
2672:
2618:
2469:]. Split: Knjigotisak. p. 421.
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2264:
2252:
2095:
2051:
1876:
1864:
898:The earliest mentioned Croatian ban was
710:. The unit term derives, like the Greek
279:, and in the Croatian redaction only as
3815:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
3621:Этимологический словарь тюркских языков
3200:
3173:
3171:
3169:
2194:
1857:
1560:
3585:] (in Croatian), Matica hrvatska,
3456:] (in Croatian), Matica hrvatska,
3221:
3115:
3044:Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie
2930:
2883:
2833:
2791:Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika
2764:
2496:An Introduction to the Gothic Language
2228:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1748:The Germanic theory was emphasized by
1571:, where is mentioned that noun suffix
1398:in Banja Luka hosted the President of
1298:A region in central Croatia, south of
1265:Ban was also used in the 19th century
808:or a high vassal such as a hereditary
470:wrote that became by contraction from
416:Geschichte der südslawischen Literatur
3738:. Belgrade: The Institute of History.
3606:[From where Croatians Ban?],
3499:] (in Croatian), Naklada Jurčić,
3245:
3233:
3190:(2), Croatian Historical Society: 462
3127:
3039:
2951:
2907:
2711:
2699:
2660:
2633:
2594:
2546:
2240:
2209:
2083:
2066:
1897:
1830:Crveno i crno Srpsko-keltske paralele
1760:(1737), and the similar viewpoint by
1021:Earliest mentioned Bosnian bans were
508:("dux, custos") in Persian language.
85:The first known mention of the title
7:
3639:(in Croatian), vol. 1, Zagreb:
3414:Heršak, Emil; Nikšić, Boris (2007),
3354:Croatian history from 550 until 1100
3298:
3277:"Lička toponomastička stratigrafija"
2759:Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
2723:
2645:
2606:
2170:
2098:, pp. 144–145 (I):The title of
2032:
1455:signified "unknown, old coins". The
2562:Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća
1448:signified "small silver coins", in
1422:is also the colloquial name of the
835:), often transcribed in English as
785:(1254–1496) and else. According to
3715:] (in Croatian), Split: Laus,
2577:. pp. 132–133. Archived from
2375:Macuch, Maria (15 December 1988).
1091:, with Ban Stephen's II successor
245:wrote the title in the Greek form
14:
3431:Heršak, Emil; Silić, Ana (2002),
3349:Hrvatska povijest od 550. do 1100
2567:Croatian history of ninth century
1045:being most prominent member, and
902:in the 10th century, followed by
714:(from the 6th century) and Latin
259:Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
219:Ego Heleniza, soror Godemiri bani
3554:Hrvatski enciklopedijski rječnik
2433:Vallant, F. (15 December 1998).
1832:, 2000, pg. 51), who considered
1683:, in Middle Iranian and Pahlavi
1111:Regions ruled and influenced by
241:. The Byzantine Greek historian
24:
3751:Croatian Encyclopaedia (2011).
3078:(as supplement can also mean),
618:. Sakač connected the Croatian
606:, who emphasized that the word
362:was also derived from the name
331:, which is a derivation of the
91:Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
2860:Porieklo banske časti u Hrvata
2795:Croatian or Serbian Dictionary
1513:Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes
1197:defensive system were formed:
1146:Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes
216:. In it she is introduced as "
1:
3497:Indo-Iranian origin of Croats
3493:Indoiransko podrijetlo Hrvata
3476:. New York University Press.
3356:]. Leykam international.
804:can be compared to that of a
767:Croatia in union with Hungary
358:"god; lord"). The title word
3283:(in Croatian) (19): 223–246.
3048:Dictionnaire Persan-Français
2726:, pp. 125–127, 129–130.
1378:is still used in the phrase
1219:In 1921 temporarily existed
918:(c. 1070–1075) and possibly
894:, ban of Croatia (1848–1859)
253:
197:
185:
127:
111:
53:, used in several states in
3619:Sevortyan, Ervand (1978),
3437:Migration and Ethnic Themes
3420:Migration and Ethnic Themes
3398:Hrvatski etimološki rječnik
3146:Old Church Slavonic Grammar
1719:, carried in honour of god
3836:
3707:(2002), Ivan Mužić (ed.),
3400:, Zagreb: August Cesarec,
3029:(in Croatian), p. 143
1406:("the white banovina") in
1258:
1215:(1464–1521/1521) in Bosnia
999:
914:(c. 1060–1069), and later
862:
432:Roman province of Dalmatia
312:
247:
191:
179:
165:
159:
149:
139:
133:
121:
105:
89:is in the 10th century by
3513:Matasović, Ranko (2008),
3378:, Oxford University Press
3281:Folia onomastica Croatica
988:), effectively the first
134:καὶ ὁ βοάνος αὐτῶν κρατεῖ
3810:Slavic words and phrases
3709:Starosjeditelji i Hrvati
3620:
3389:Origin of the name Croat
3076:ajouté à un mot signifie
3050:(Rome, 1903) cited; بان
2621:, pp. 144–145 (II).
2137:Heršak & Nikšić 2007
2086:, pp. 199, 245–246.
1631:used by Achaemenid king
1239:was also awarded in the
1154:Great Banship of Craiova
1134:(12th century-1410) and
933:, after the conquest of
96:De Administrando Imperio
3666:; Mudrak, Oleg (2003),
3491:Marčinko, Mato (2000),
3473:Bosnia: A Short History
3396:Gluhak, Alemko (1993),
3383:Gluhak, Alemko (1990),
3335:Starohrvatska Prosvjeta
3178:Bali, Tomislav (2013),
2317:Herrenschmidt, Clarisse
2154:Heršak & Silić 2002
1985:Švob, Držislav (1956),
1675:, from Old Indian noun
1241:Second Bulgarian Empire
797:) and never the "ban".
722:(from the 9th century;
587:from the title khagan.
408:Slovanské starožitnosti
352:
3684:Ethnogenesis of Croats
3583:Ethnogenesis of Croats
3470:Malcolm, Noel (1996).
3454:Ethnogenesis of Croats
3329:Ančić, Mladen (2013),
3025:Rački, Franjo (1888),
3010:(in Croatian), Split:
1932:Ostojić, Ivan (1967),
1808:). G. Szabo noted the
1792:, Spanish and Italian
1663:used by Sasanian king
1623:(builder).; the title
1166:(1254–1284, 1319–1496)
1108:
895:
884:
761:(8th century–c. 925),
281:
275:
269:
263:
218:
3686:] (in Croatian),
3604:"Odkud Hrvatima Ban?"
3600:Sakač, Krizin Stjepan
3521:] (in Croatian),
3385:Porijeklo imena Hrvat
3346:Budak, Neven (2018).
2018:Matasović et al. 2004
1776:) and the widespread
1758:Glossarium Germanicum
1635:for his generals and
1281:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1271:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1255:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1204:(1427–1521) in Serbia
1106:
890:
876:
426:of today's region of
412:Slawische alterthümer
3800:History of Wallachia
3775:Gubernatorial titles
2996:Mužić, Ivan (2013),
2559:Mužić, Ivan (2011).
2503:. pp. 315–316.
2461:Mužić, Ivan (2001).
2440:Encyclopædia Iranica
2382:Encyclopædia Iranica
2354:Encyclopædia Iranica
2326:Encyclopædia Iranica
2319:(15 December 1988).
2054:, pp. 144, 145.
1917:(in Latin), Zagreb:
1629:Behistun Inscription
1193:As part of the anti-
604:Stjepan Krizin Sakač
349:(from Proto-Iranian
3536:; Jojić, Ljiljana;
3236:, pp. 245–246.
2954:, pp. 102–104.
2714:, pp. 391–392.
2702:, pp. 185–187.
2636:, pp. 178–180.
2549:, pp. 103–104.
2243:, pp. 396–397.
2212:, pp. 391–394.
2035:, pp. 104–105.
1972:, pp. 123–124.
1938:Church in the World
1814:banoi ore strongila
1661:Paikuli inscription
1615:) as well the verb
1595:(vineyard keeper),
1508:Banate of Braničevo
1392:Croatian Government
1170:Banate of Braničevo
931:Tomislav of Croatia
404:Pavel Jozef Šafárik
3785:Kingdom of Croatia
3713:Natives and Croats
3184:Historical Journal
2609:, p. 104-105.
2491:Lambdin, Thomas O.
1840:as "hilly region".
1713:royal rulers name
1667:. The Old Persian
1591:(records keeper),
1202:Banate of Belgrade
1187:Banate of Bulgaria
1178:Darman and Kudelin
1113:Kingdom of Hungary
1109:
1099:Kingdom of Hungary
1047:Kotromanić dynasty
1008:Kingdom of Hungary
896:
885:
771:Kingdom of Hungary
763:Kingdom of Croatia
638:(مرزبان marz-bān,
410:(1837), and later
369:The Avar nameword
81:Historical sources
67:Kingdom of Hungary
3680:Etnogeneza Hrvata
3660:Starostin, Sergei
3579:Etnogeneza Hrvata
3550:Goldstein, Slavko
3483:978-0-81475-561-7
3450:Etnogeneza Hrvata
3363:978-953-340-061-7
3151:Walter de Gruyter
2874:Smičiklas, Tadija
2584:on July 21, 2011.
2315:Eilers, Wilhelm;
2278:Palmer, Edward H.
2185:, pp. 27–29.
1498:Banate of Severin
1470:Strahinja Banović
1466:Banović Strahinja
1439:Croatian Littoral
1432:University of Niš
1328:In the toponymys
1267:Kingdom of Serbia
1142:Banate of Severin
1089:Kingdom of Bosnia
982:Habsburg monarchy
972:and Croatia, and
962:Hungarian kingdom
943:Chrysogoni Jaderæ
779:Banate of Severin
630:(guard), and the
239:Supetar Cartulary
73:they were always
3827:
3795:History of Banat
3790:Banate of Bosnia
3756:
3739:
3725:
3700:
3671:
3655:
3643:
3628:
3615:
3608:Obnovljeni Život
3595:
3570:
3534:Matasović, Ranko
3529:
3509:
3487:
3466:
3444:
3427:
3410:
3392:
3379:
3367:
3342:
3316:
3315:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3285:
3284:
3273:Šimunović, Petar
3269:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3175:
3164:
3163:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3086:(guardian), ex.
3037:
3031:
3030:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3014:, pp. 47–48
3009:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2964:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2936:
2928:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2881:
2878:Povjest Hrvatska
2870:
2864:
2863:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2839:
2831:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2762:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2737:Miklosich, Franz
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2536:. Zagreb: 21–26.
2530:Klaić, Vjekoslav
2526:
2515:
2514:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2157:
2151:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2070:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2036:
2030:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1993:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1946:
1945:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1841:
1824:(12th century);
1746:
1740:
1565:
1518:Banate of Kučevo
1493:Banate of Bosnia
1400:Republika Srpska
1211:(1463–1527) and
1174:Banate of Kučevo
1158:Banat of Craiova
1025:(1154–1163) and
1012:Byzantine Empire
1002:Banate of Bosnia
910:(c. 1035–1058),
775:Banate of Bosnia
759:Duchy of Croatia
742:Use of the title
708:Byzantine Empire
510:Tadija Smičiklas
389:Research history
357:
317:
316:
284:
278:
272:
266:
256:
250:
249:
221:
200:
194:
193:
188:
182:
181:
168:
167:
162:
161:
152:
151:
142:
141:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
114:
108:
107:
77:supreme rulers.
71:Banate of Bosnia
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
33:
30:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3760:
3759:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3730:Živković, Tibor
3728:
3723:
3703:
3698:
3688:Matica hrvatska
3674:
3658:
3646:
3631:
3622:
3618:
3610:(in Croatian),
3598:
3593:
3573:
3568:
3552:, eds. (2004),
3542:Pranjković, Ivo
3532:
3527:Matica hrvatska
3512:
3507:
3490:
3484:
3469:
3464:
3447:
3439:(in Croatian),
3430:
3422:(in Croatian),
3413:
3408:
3395:
3382:
3372:Clauson, Gerard
3370:
3364:
3345:
3337:(in Croatian),
3328:
3324:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3288:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3186:(in Croatian),
3177:
3176:
3167:
3161:
3153:, p. 256,
3139:
3138:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2969:Bijeli Hrvati I
2966:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2906:
2899:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2832:
2818:
2817:
2806:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2763:
2755:Berneker, Erich
2753:
2752:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2570:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2528:
2527:
2518:
2511:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2414:on 3 March 2016
2404:Lendering, Jona
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2314:
2313:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2216:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2160:
2152:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2073:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2039:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1949:
1940:(in Croatian),
1931:
1930:
1926:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1762:Friedrich Kluge
1750:Vjekoslav Klaić
1747:
1743:
1737:Pope Gregory IX
1735:(1250–1287) by
1723:, and the city
1705:of Persian and
1605:(town keeper),
1587:(gate keeper),
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1523:Danube Banovina
1503:Banate of Macsó
1488:Ban of Slavonia
1478:
1416:Danube Banovina
1367:, and possibly
1315:Pannonian Basin
1289:
1263:
1257:
1233:
1182:Stefan Dragutin
1164:Banate of Macsó
1136:Banate of Usora
1127:. It includes:
1101:
1062:Stephen Kulinić
1004:
998:
990:prime ministers
952:After 1102, as
947:protospatharios
916:Dmitar Zvonimir
871:
869:Ban of Slavonia
861:
816:. In Croatia a
783:Banate of Macsó
744:
672:
536:Vjekoslav Klaić
514:Vatroslav Jagić
464:Franz Miklosich
396:
391:
325:Pannonian Avars
304:
299:
101:Byzantine Greek
83:
27:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3833:
3831:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3746:
3745:External links
3743:
3741:
3740:
3726:
3721:
3701:
3696:
3672:
3656:
3644:
3629:
3616:
3596:
3591:
3571:
3566:
3546:Goldstein, Ivo
3538:Anić, Vladimir
3530:
3510:
3505:
3488:
3482:
3467:
3462:
3445:
3428:
3411:
3406:
3393:
3380:
3368:
3362:
3343:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3314:. Orbis, 1983.
3303:
3301:, p. 104.
3286:
3264:
3261:(in Bulgarian)
3250:
3248:, p. 199.
3238:
3226:
3224:, p. 124.
3205:
3193:
3165:
3159:
3132:
3130:, p. 397.
3120:
3118:, p. 253.
3108:
3064:homme illustre
3032:
3017:
2988:
2981:
2973:White Croats I
2956:
2944:
2912:
2910:, p. 102.
2897:
2865:
2847:
2804:
2778:
2746:
2728:
2716:
2704:
2689:
2677:
2675:, p. 117.
2665:
2663:, p. 391.
2650:
2648:, p. 125.
2638:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2597:, p. 103.
2587:
2551:
2539:
2516:
2509:
2501:Wipf and Stock
2482:
2475:
2453:
2425:
2395:
2367:
2339:
2300:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2231:, p. 114.
2214:
2199:
2197:, p. 384.
2187:
2183:Sevortyan 1978
2175:
2158:
2156:, p. 213.
2141:
2139:, p. 259.
2129:
2125:Matasović 2008
2117:
2088:
2071:
2069:, p. 178.
2056:
2037:
2022:
2010:
1974:
1947:
1924:
1902:
1900:, p. 389.
1881:
1869:
1867:, p. 144.
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1802:Ban (medieval)
1741:
1643:, Vindafarnā,
1559:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Ban of Croatia
1479:
1477:
1474:
1309:The region of
1288:
1285:
1259:Main article:
1256:
1253:
1232:
1229:
1217:
1216:
1205:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1167:
1161:
1139:
1100:
1097:
1066:Matej Ninoslav
1043:Matej Ninoslav
1000:Main article:
997:
994:
986:Tabula Banalis
958:personal union
927:Avar Khaganate
908:Stjepan Praska
878:Ban of Croatia
865:Ban of Croatia
860:
857:
845:, and also as
743:
740:
671:
668:
664:Tibor Živković
468:Erich Berneker
395:
392:
390:
387:
303:
300:
298:
295:
93:, in the work
82:
79:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3832:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:Slavic titles
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3754:
3753:"Ban (Banus)"
3749:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3722:953-190-118-X
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3697:953-6014-45-9
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
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3657:
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3630:
3626:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:953-6014-45-9
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:953-6045-28-1
3563:
3559:
3558:Jutarnji list
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3508:
3506:953-6462-33-8
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:953-6014-45-9
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3407:953-162-000-8
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3344:
3341:(40): 155–199
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3293:
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3274:
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3265:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3203:, p. 15.
3202:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3156:
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3109:
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3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
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3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2982:953-7029-04-2
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2856:Rački, Franjo
2851:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:, p. 169
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:Daničić, Đuro
2782:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:Živković 2012
2681:
2678:
2674:
2673:Živković 2012
2669:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:Živković 2012
2615:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2510:9781597523943
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2476:953-213-034-9
2472:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2267:, p. 29.
2266:
2265:Marčinko 2000
2261:
2258:
2254:
2253:Marčinko 2000
2249:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2173:, p. 94.
2172:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2096:Živković 2012
2092:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:Živković 2012
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2020:, p. 55.
2019:
2014:
2011:
2001:on 2014-05-14
1997:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:Rački, Franjo
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1879:, p. 81.
1878:
1877:Živković 2012
1873:
1870:
1866:
1865:Živković 2012
1861:
1858:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1822:Korčula codex
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
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1751:
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1734:
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1718:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:derives from
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
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1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:(1929–1941).
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:Bela banovina
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:Banova Jaruga
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
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940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
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917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
893:
892:Josip Jelačić
889:
883:
879:
875:
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849:
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839:
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826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
781:(1228–1526),
780:
777:(1154–1377),
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
749:
741:
739:
736:
732:
729:
725:
721:
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669:
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629:
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621:
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605:
600:
598:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
569:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
547:and power of
546:
542:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
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481:
477:
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429:
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388:
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367:
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361:
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348:
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321:
315:
309:
301:
296:
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292:
288:
283:
277:
271:
265:
260:
255:
244:
243:John Kinnamos
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
220:
215:
211:
206:
204:
199:
187:
176:
172:
166:τὴν Γουτζησκά
156:
146:
137:(rules over)
129:
118:
113:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
80:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
42:
21:
3770:Bans (title)
3734:
3712:
3708:
3705:Szabo, Gjuro
3683:
3679:
3667:
3650:
3636:
3624:
3611:
3607:
3582:
3578:
3575:Pohl, Walter
3553:
3518:
3514:
3496:
3492:
3472:
3453:
3449:
3440:
3436:
3423:
3419:
3397:
3388:
3384:
3375:
3353:
3348:
3338:
3334:
3311:
3306:
3280:
3267:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3201:Malcolm 1996
3196:
3187:
3183:
3145:
3141:Lunt, Horace
3135:
3123:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:(gardener);
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3026:
3020:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2972:
2968:
2947:
2924:
2921:Szabo, Gjuro
2915:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2827:
2823:
2820:Šišić, Ferdo
2794:
2790:
2781:
2758:
2749:
2740:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2680:
2668:
2641:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2579:the original
2566:
2561:
2554:
2542:
2533:
2495:
2485:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2438:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2412:the original
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2380:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2352:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2324:
2291:. Retrieved
2282:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2195:Clauson 1972
2190:
2178:
2132:
2120:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2013:
2003:, retrieved
1996:the original
1987:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1921:, p. 38
1914:
1905:
1872:
1860:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1744:
1728:
1727:; the title
1724:
1714:
1709:rulers; the
1700:
1699:.; the name
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1656:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:(gardener),
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:E. H. Palmer
1563:
1464:
1461:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1426:building in
1419:
1403:
1394:, while the
1384:Banski dvori
1380:banski dvori
1379:
1375:
1373:
1356:
1354:
1346:Banovo polje
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1317:between the
1308:
1302:, is called
1297:
1292:
1290:
1274:
1264:
1236:
1234:
1218:
1192:
1180:and Serbian
1132:Banate of Só
1110:
1086:
1051:
1020:
1015:
1005:
992:of Croatia.
977:
965:
951:
942:
924:
920:Petar Snačić
897:
852:
846:
842:
836:
832:
828:
824:
822:
817:
813:
801:
799:
795:Veliki Župan
791:Grand Prince
787:Noel Malcolm
755:South Slavic
750:
745:
730:
726:), from the
719:
715:
711:
701:
684:
680:
673:
670:21st century
655:
635:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
601:
596:
593:
584:
580:
576:
570:
565:
561:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
505:
502:Franjo Rački
488:
483:
480:Đuro Daničić
475:
471:
462:
453:
452:for Persian
447:
443:
439:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
397:
394:20th century
382:
370:
368:
359:
344:
340:
336:
333:Proto-Turkic
308:Proto-Slavic
305:
290:
286:
228:
224:Franjo Rački
209:
207:
140:τὴν Κρίβασαν
94:
86:
84:
74:
59:Southeastern
19:
18:
3676:Štih, Peter
3633:Skok, Petar
3222:Gluhak 1993
3116:Gluhak 1990
2229:Košćak 1995
1970:Gluhak 1993
1812:commentary
1754:Gjuro Szabo
1731:denoted to
1691:), Sogdian
1621:báni; banná
1555:Annotations
1396:Banski dvor
1306:or Banija.
1227:(Austria).
1221:Lajtabánság
1189:(1365–1369)
1074:Prijezda II
827:was called
748:Middle Ages
676:Neven Budak
660:Horace Lunt
572:Ferdo Šišić
557:Gjuro Szabo
520:, but from
414:(1843) and
237:and in the
210:St. Krševan
119:), the ban
3764:Categories
3664:Dybo, Anna
3246:Budak 2018
3234:Budak 2018
3160:3110162849
3128:Sakač 1939
3040:Sakač 1939
2952:Szabo 2002
2908:Szabo 2002
2712:Sakač 1939
2700:Sokol 2008
2661:Sakač 1939
2634:Ančić 2013
2595:Szabo 2002
2547:Szabo 2002
2288:HathiTrust
2241:Sakač 1939
2210:Sakač 1939
2084:Budak 2018
2067:Ančić 2013
2005:2015-03-24
1898:Sakač 1939
1848:References
1806:King's ban
1733:Prijezda I
1599:(pastor),
1390:hosts the
1369:Banja Luka
1359:, village
1235:The title
1225:Burgenland
1207:Banate of
1082:Stephen II
1070:Prijezda I
863:See also:
644:Sarmatians
589:Nada Klaić
553:King's ban
490:J. B. Bury
257:). In the
150:τὴν Λίτζαν
45:) was the
3299:Skok 1971
3092:jardinier
3082:(guard),
2724:Štih 1995
2646:Štih 1995
2607:Skok 1971
2573:. Split:
2171:Pohl 1995
2033:Skok 1971
1810:Hesychius
1788:, German
1784:, French
1702:Artabanus
1695:, Turfan
1645:Gaubaruva
1625:ba(n)daka
1619:(build),
1602:shahr-bān
1597:galah-bàn
1589:nigah-bàn
1424:city hall
1412:Vojvodina
1374:The term
1342:Banj stol
1338:Banj dvor
1291:The word
1279:) of the
1213:Srebrenik
1150:Wallachia
1078:Stephen I
1058:Ban Kulin
1054:Ban Borić
1039:Ban Kulin
646:probably
306:The Late
302:Etymology
198:Pribounía
192:Πριβουνία
112:zoupanías
106:ζουπανίας
3820:Viceroys
3732:(2012).
3635:(1971),
3602:(1939),
3374:(1972),
3275:(2010).
3143:(2001),
3104:merz-bân
3088:bàgh-bân
3056:seigneur
2933:citation
2923:(1919),
2886:citation
2876:(1882),
2858:(1889),
2836:citation
2822:(1925),
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2767:citation
2757:(1924),
2739:(1886),
2493:(2006).
2446:29 April
2418:29 April
2388:29 April
2360:29 April
2332:29 April
2293:29 April
2280:(1883).
1913:(1877),
1774:bandwjan
1770:bandvjan
1716:Hu(m)ban
1707:Parthian
1633:Darius I
1612:shahbanu
1607:kad-bánú
1581:bâgh-ban
1528:Banovina
1476:See also
1420:Banovina
1408:Novi Sad
1365:Banovići
1321:and the
1304:Banovina
1276:banovina
1231:Bulgaria
1125:Bulgaria
1093:Tvrtko I
1016:banovina
974:Dalmatia
970:Slavonia
966:viceroys
956:entered
939:margrave
935:Slavonia
882:standard
829:Banovina
735:Germanic
698:Liburnia
636:merz-bân
632:Sasanian
498:Batbayan
486:(duke).
436:Pannonia
175:Miroslav
75:de facto
3805:Oltenia
3322:Sources
3100:portier
3096:der-bân
3084:gardien
2321:"Banda"
1944:(4): 49
1764:in his
1721:Khumban
1669:bandaka
1659:in the
1641:Vidarna
1637:satraps
1609:(lady;
1593:raz-bàn
1585:der-bân
1548:Marzban
1457:Banovac
1363:, city
1357:Banbrdo
1334:Bandola
1313:in the
1195:Ottoman
1121:Romania
1035:Kulinić
954:Croatia
904:Godemir
900:Pribina
859:Croatia
843:Bannate
806:viceroy
706:of the
690:Francia
640:Marzban
541:*korljь
496:'s son
454:bag/bay
378:Bayan I
327:ruler,
235:Dioclea
203:Pribina
201:, i.e.
186:boéánou
180:βοεάνου
63:Croatia
55:Central
51:viceroy
3719:
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1798:banner
1782:bannum
1778:bannus
1752:, and
1729:ubanus
1725:Bunban
1697:bannag
1693:βantak
1689:bndk/g
1685:bandag
1681:bhendh
1677:bandha
1665:Narseh
1657:bandag
1653:Vivāna
1649:Dādṛši
1543:Bandon
1453:banica
1450:Vodice
1442:banica
1388:Zagreb
1319:Danube
1287:Legacy
1249:Yanuka
1247:) Ban
1148:) and
1117:Serbia
1064:, Ban
1060:, Ban
996:Bosnia
853:Bannat
838:Banate
731:bandwō
728:Gothic
724:banner
720:bandum
716:bandus
712:bandon
703:bandon
694:Istria
685:bannum
634:title
545:banner
494:Kubrat
375:khagan
320:Turkic
297:Origin
254:mpanos
248:μπάνος
222:...".
163:(and)
145:Krbava
128:Boános
122:βοάνος
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1992:(PDF)
1853:Notes
1838:Banat
1800:(see
1794:bando
1673:banda
1538:Župan
1533:Banat
1446:banić
1428:Split
1330:Bando
1323:Tisza
1311:Banat
1300:Sisak
1245:Sofia
1209:Jajce
1152:(see
1037:with
1031:Borić
1027:Kulin
1023:Borić
960:with
912:Gojčo
848:Banat
833:Banat
773:like
751:"ban"
652:Aorsi
648:Alans
608:bajan
585:bajan
577:bajan
530:boean
522:bojan
518:bajan
484:bajan
476:bajan
472:bojan
458:župan
440:bayan
424:župas
371:bajan
364:Bojan
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351:*
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337:*bāj-
335:root
329:Bayan
314:*banъ
310:word
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270:banum
264:banus
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3641:JAZU
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867:and
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