187:. Researchers in the Sheri Khan Taraki site initially found "distinctive hand-made ceramic vessels decorated with a combination of geometric and zoomorphic motifs" representing the earliest cultural phase, while a later discovery of ceramic vessels with "distinctive polychrome decoration" in sites in Lewan of the overarching Bannu region citing these findings as hailing from the Sheri Khan Tarakai Phase. The civilization at Sheri Khan Tarakai was understood by researchers as a peoples who heavily relied on ceramics as opposed to metals and who grew grains– particularly wheat and barley– while herding sheep, goats and cattle. The discovery of discrete deposits in Lak Largai, however, revealed that the material of the more recent discovery represented a distinct cultural phase from the previous. This division of the excavation sites into distinct phases has also been underscored by discoveries of similar ceramic material used to make pottery, lithics, and terracotta figures in surrounding areas of Girdai, Her Khala Sheri, Lewan, and Islam Chowki.
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BC. Analysis of coin samples from the Ter Kala Deri site, however, reveal dates from the first millenium BC. In total, 21 radiocarbon analyses were conducted from Sheri Khan
Tarakai site in the Bannu Archeological Project over the course of its excavation. Such samples consisted mostly of wood charcoal samples found in trenches gathered from the site; these analyses have collectively solidified the site's reputation as the second best dated early village site in South Asia. This is of particular significance given that South Asia is widely seen as a region in which radiocarbon dating methods are generally met with skepticism given their historic variability in dating sites from the region.
200:". The Akra and Ter Kala Deri sites of the Bannu Archeological Project saw the discovery of advanced pottery of a unique ceramic element (as compared to surrounding regions) along with low standing mound structures and relatively intact stratified deposits; this coincided with the discovery of iron tools and etched beads with no traces of teracotta figures or coins– both of which were found in other sites of the Bannu Archeological Project. In addition, the village site located on the righthand bank of the Lohra Nullah is widely seen by researchers the first "city" in Akra.
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Parallels have been drawn between ceramic techniques and the decorative assemblage seen from the Bannu
Archeological Project and those from other sites in South Asia. According to researchers, ceramics found in some sites are said to be almost identical those found in other parts of the Gomal Plain–
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Employing absolute and relative dating techniques, researchers involved with the Bannu
Archeological Project have been able to illustrate a general sense of chronology. Analysis of multiple samples found at the Sheri Khan Tarakai site reveal their origin to be between the fifth and fourth millennium
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particularly at the Jhandi Babar A and Gulgai Kot
Archeological sites. Reflecting a long-standing tradition of passing down ceramic assemblage techniques, "lithic assemblage from Sheri Khan Tarakai is typologically and technologically similar to the assemblages currently seen in villages in northern
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is of great significance to
Pakistan's archeological landscape given its position in shedding light on various civilizations, cultures, and peoples dating back to the some of earliest village settlements in the region. The Bannu Archeological Project stands as the most recent project of the various
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Surveying was conducted using EDM (Electronic
Distance Measurer) technology which allowed for such an extensive landscape to be observed. Even with some sites now sitting under populated villages, to this day, the excavation site in rural
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Aside from ceramic materials, biological remains were also found in the form of "wood charcoals, charred grains, seeds and fruits, and zooarchaeological remains of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and molluscs".
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In
Chakrabarti, D.K. And Lal, M. (Eds), History of Ancient India II: Protohistoric Foundations, Vivekananda International Foundation and Aryan Books International, Delhi: 852-859
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Khan, F., Knox, J.R., Magee, P., & Thomas, K.D. & a contribution by Petrie, C.A. (2000). Akra: The
Ancient Capital of Bannu, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan
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or the
British Museum; of these collections, the most prominent items are ancient coins, seals, and terracotta figures from the region across various time periods.
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site wherein efforts have been primarily focused as of recent. Excavators have divided the site into three cultural phases with the most recent being dubbed the
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110:. Work on the project began in the region with archaeological surveys in 1984 and with excavation efforts commencing in 1995 and coming to a close in 2020
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Sheri Khan
Tarakai and Early Village Life in the Borderlands of North-West Pakistan: Bannu Archaeological Project Surveys and Excavations 1985-2001
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356:"The dynamics of late prehistoric ceramic production and distribution in the Bannu and Gomal Regions, NWFP, Pakistan"
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is a joint initiative focused on the archeological research efforts of a series of excavation sites across Bannu in
252:"An Appreciation of the Contributions of Professor Farid Khan to the Archaeology and Cultural Heritage of Pakistan"
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Khan, F.; Knox, J.R.; Thomas, K.D.; Petrie, C.A.; Morris, J.C.; Cartwright, C.R.; Joyner, L. (2010).
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excavations surrounding the Bannu Basin as well as the region's widely deemed historic capital of
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While Ter Khala Deri and Akra represent the most important sites along with the Neolithic
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Most collections from the site which are publicly accessible can be found in either the
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Yes (Collections accessible at the Ashmolean Museum of Oxford and the British Museum)
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334:"Akra: The Ancient Capital of Bannu, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan"
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Petrie, C. A.; Morris, J. C.; Khan, F.; Knox, J. R.; Thomas, K. D. (2007).
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Collaborative nature of the project and affiliated institutions
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Research efforts consist of collaborative procedures between
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Ali, Ihsan; Ur-Rehman, Abid; Ashfaq, Mohammad (2014),
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401:, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 5712–5727,
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461:Magee, Peter; Petrie, Cameron (2000-01-01).
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506:List of cultural heritage sites in Pakistan
338:Journal of Asian Civilizations XXIII: 1-202
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437:"Petrie, C.A. (2013). Sheri Khan Tarakai"
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692:Archaeological discoveries in Pakistan
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106:North Western Frontier province of
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399:Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology
395:"Pakistan: Archaeological Museums"
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677:Archaeological sites in Pakistan
213:Dating techniques and chronology
222:Collections and public displays
40:, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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682:History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
407:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_765
372:10.1080/02666030.2007.9628669
300:. Vol. 1. Oxbow Books.
175:Cultural phases across sites
651:Hindu and Buddhist heritage
580:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
250:Thomas, Kenneth D. (2021).
100:Bannu Archeological Project
71:Neolithic to Kot Diji Phase
17:Bannu Archeological Project
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697:Archaeological collections
687:Neolithic cultures of Asia
397:, in Smith, Claire (ed.),
228:Ashmolean Museum of Oxford
165:University College London
153:University College London
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204:Artifacts and materials
149:University of Cambridge
157:University of Peshawar
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140:Akra Mound in Bannu,
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81:Excavation dates
28:Urban Bannu, Pakistan
611:Mausolea and shrines
601:Archaeological sites
360:South Asian Studies
191:Project discoveries
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702:Radiocarbon dating
585:National Monuments
540:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
181:Sheri Khan Tarakai
161:Brynn Mawr College
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108:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
89:Public access
49:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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435:Petrie, Cameron.
416:978-1-4419-0465-2
307:978-1-84217-396-1
167:, along with the
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594:Other sites
525:Balochistan
198:Baluchistan
84:1984 - 2020
671:Categories
616:Cemeteries
422:2024-04-01
234:References
104:Pakistan's
76:Site notes
58:Settlement
636:Libraries
626:Gurdwaras
535:Islamabad
380:0266-6030
366:(1): 75.
268:2708-4590
262:: 77–92.
621:Churches
142:Pakistan
114:Overview
34:Location
646:Museums
641:Mosques
562:Karachi
68:Periods
63:History
550:Lahore
545:Punjab
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45:Region
606:Forts
557:Sindh
312:JSTOR
121:Bannu
38:Bannu
411:ISBN
376:ISSN
302:ISBN
264:ISSN
126:Akra
98:The
55:Type
403:doi
368:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
