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Islamic brickwork grew in sophistication of its techniques over the centuries. In the 11th century, the use of multiple brick sizes, and variation in the depth of the joint between bricks formed shadow that contrasted strongly with the horizontal lines of the brick rows (for example the Arslan Jadhib
259:
were inserted between the bricks to create the inscription. Later buildings used the shadows of raised bricks and others used different colored bricks to spell out words. This practice eventually led to the covering whole brick buildings in sacred writing spelling out the names of
78:) is an architectural decorative art in which glazed tiles are alternated with plain bricks to create geometric patterns over the surface of a wall or to spell out sacred names or pious phrases. This technique originated in
26:
954:
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calligraphy consisting of square angles only, is believed to have been an architectural adaptation of this script. Kufic writing was usually achieved using square bricks.
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in
Isfahan (built 1107-1108) is one of the earliest example of brick work with triangles, squares, octagons, cruciform designs (another example, minaret of
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complex). Rows of brick were set deep inside the face of the building and raised above it, to create positive and negative spaces (for example in the
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This article is about the technique of architectural ornamentation. For the related calligraphic style, see
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The earliest surviving example of decorative brick work with colored bricks is found in the city gate of
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In the 12th century in
Azerbaijan, bricks were combined with glazed tiles. Such bricks were typically
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181:, Uzbekistan), had walls with protruding and recessed bricks that created a weaving pattern.
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221:(built in 1147) was made of ten different types of carved bricks in its corner columns.
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Ruba Kana'an (2008). "Architectural decoration in Islam: History and techniques". In
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The earliest example of script set in brick work is seen on a minaret in
99:
43:
1785:
354:
Encyclopedia of
Science, technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
23:
Use of glazed tiles alternating with plain brick for decorative purposes
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about 1100, spelling out the name of the ruler, the
Ghaznavid ruler
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is covered with religious inscriptions made with colored bricks.
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If the brickwork design is in relief then it is referred to as
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129:"weavings", referring to the woven appearance of the bricks).
47:
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357:. New York: Kluver Academic Publishers. p. 193.
299:"The" Grove encyclopedia of decorative arts, Volume 1
145:(9th or 10th century) represent an early example of
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585:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 10–.
385:Habibollāh Āyatollāhi, Shermin Haghshenās (2003).
302:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 474.
380:
378:
376:
374:
2755:Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe
1829:
658:
38:. The blue brickwork spells out the names of
8:
524:"Image Collections of Jacqueline Mirsadeghi"
388:The book of Iran: the history of Iranian art
2739:Islamic Art: Mirror of the Invisible World
2351:
2078:
1857:
1836:
1822:
1814:
1422:
848:
665:
651:
643:
2792:Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting
275:Square kufic, the version of the Arabic
255:and his titles. This building pieces of
157:(c. 772). The earliest known example of
2712:Heaven on Earth: Art from Islamic Lands
321:
319:
288:
86:in the 8th century, and matured in the
149:, a weaving-like pattern of brickwork.
553:"Entrance, Gonbad-e Sorkh (Red Tomb)"
413:"Arslan Jadhib Mausoleum and Minaret"
7:
614:. Oxford University Press. pp.
2719:Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam
118:
71:
1701:Influences on Western architecture
14:
2620:Museum for Islamic Art, Jerusalem
471:"Funerary tower of Pir-e Alamdar"
2065:
1797:
1784:
872:
1670:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
36:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi
2830:Islamic architectural elements
557:The Courtauld Institute of Art
475:The Courtauld Institute of Art
1:
2777:Mathematics and architecture
1762:Sudano-Sahelian architecture
610:The Oxford history of Islam
74:, "builder's technique" in
2881:
1130:Islamic geometric patterns
495:"Chihil Dukhtaran Minaret"
442:"Friday Mosque of Damghan"
391:. Alhoda UK. p. 230.
205:, has raised brickwork in
15:
2760:Influences on Western art
2063:
1775:
1564:Dar al-Shifa (Bimaristan)
870:
606:John L. Esposito (1999).
2865:Ornaments (architecture)
1680:Museum with No Frontiers
296:Gordon Campbell (2006).
199:Chehel Dokhtaran minaret
1791:Architecture portal
2750:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1696:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1096:(multicoloured ashlar)
244:
150:
55:
2705:Empire of the Sultans
1433:Congregational mosque
891:(four-arch structure)
238:
140:
94:era, as it spread to
29:
2840:Architecture in Iran
2668:Arab World Institute
2478:Ottoman illumination
1757:Ottoman architecture
1747:Moorish architecture
1742:Islamic architecture
1737:Iranian architecture
1160:Sebka (Darj-wa-ktaf)
1014:(or müezzin mahfili)
674:Islamic architecture
505:on December 24, 2007
452:on December 24, 2007
60:Iranian architecture
2860:Islamic calligraphy
2845:Seljuk architecture
2835:Arabic architecture
1794: •
1781: •
1767:Yemeni architecture
1752:Mughal architecture
1732:Berber architecture
1727:Arabic architecture
1391:Salsabil (fountain)
1125:Islamic calligraphy
195:Pir-e Alamdar tower
2745:Aniconism in Islam
2683:Toronto (Aga Khan)
2640:Khalili Collection
2505:Geometric patterns
1913:Bahmani and Deccan
1468:Kuttab (or maktab)
245:
151:
56:
2817:
2816:
2486:
2485:
2341:
2340:
2313:Hardstone carving
2210:Chinese influence
2061:
2060:
2047:Stucco decoration
1811:
1810:
1658:
1657:
1414:
1413:
1401:Shading Umbrellas
1185:Stucco decoration
1085:For overview, see
900:Four-centred arch
625:978-0-19-510799-9
592:978-0-8122-3782-5
398:978-964-94491-4-2
364:978-1-4020-4559-2
309:978-0-19-518948-3
185:Mausoleum in the
143:Samanid Mausoleum
141:The walls of the
2872:
2656:Majorelle Garden
2352:
2185:Hispano-Moresque
2079:
2069:
1878:Anatolian Seljuk
1858:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1804:Islam portal
1802:
1801:
1800:
1789:
1788:
1423:
1088:Islamic ornament
967:South Asian dome
895:Discharging arch
876:
849:
693:Anatolian Seljuk
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530:. Archived from
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501:. Archived from
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448:. Archived from
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419:. Archived from
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161:is found in the
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2869:
2850:Timurid dynasty
2820:
2819:
2818:
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2782:Moorish Revival
2730:
2724:
2692:
2609:Calligraphy Art
2575:
2568:
2530:
2482:
2456:
2383:
2347:
2337:
2303:Enamelled glass
2276:
2255:
2214:
2166:
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2082:Regional styles
2070:
2057:
1983:
1954:Sudano-Sahelian
1861:Regional styles
1847:
1842:
1812:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1783:
1771:
1715:
1706:Moorish Revival
1684:
1654:
1620:Albarrana tower
1608:
1537:
1524:in modern Iran)
1438:Dar al-Muwaqqit
1410:
1361:(fountain type)
1346:
1340:
1303:
1297:
1288:Reflecting pool
1283:Persian gardens
1278:Paradise garden
1246:
1223:(entrance hall)
1194:
1150:Nagash painting
1072:
994:
988:
939:
910:Lambrequin arch
877:
868:
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811:Sudano-Sahelian
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163:Ukhaydir Palace
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125:"thousand" and
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1720:Category pages
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1594:Medina quarter
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1268:Islamic garden
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915:Multifoil arch
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905:Horseshoe arch
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328:"Square Kufic"
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215:Gunbad-i Sorkh
134:
131:
121:, compound of
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1579:Hasht-Bihisht
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1453:Jama'at Khana
1451:
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1273:Mughal garden
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548:
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534:on 2012-07-01
533:
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525:
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516:
504:
500:
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490:
487:
476:
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466:
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451:
447:
443:
437:
434:
423:on 2012-07-01
422:
418:
414:
408:
405:
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394:
390:
389:
381:
379:
377:
375:
371:
366:
360:
356:
355:
350:
349:Helaine Selin
343:
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329:
322:
320:
316:
311:
305:
301:
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292:
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278:
273:
271:
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237:
233:
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227:
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213:script). The
212:
208:
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196:
192:
188:
182:
180:
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172:
168:
164:
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156:
148:
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139:
132:
130:
128:
124:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
69:
65:
61:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
28:
19:
18:Bannai script
2801:
2797:Pseudo-Kufic
2737:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2626:Kuala Lumpur
2524:
2051:
2001:
1903:Indo-Islamic
1893:Great Seljuk
1853:Architecture
1795:
1782:
1779:Islamic arts
1559:Caravanserai
1109:
1084:
1038:Loudspeakers
963:Persian dome
925:Pointed arch
723:Indo-Islamic
713:Great Seljuk
629:. Retrieved
609:
601:
581:
571:
560:. Retrieved
556:
547:
536:. Retrieved
532:the original
527:
518:
507:. Retrieved
503:the original
498:
489:
478:. Retrieved
474:
465:
454:. Retrieved
450:the original
445:
436:
425:. Retrieved
421:the original
416:
407:
387:
353:
342:
331:. Retrieved
298:
291:
274:
246:
239:The tomb of
223:
217:monument in
183:
158:
152:
146:
126:
122:
110:
108:
104:Central Asia
63:
57:
54:calligraphy.
52:square Kufic
2729:Principles,
2697:Exhibitions
2650:Marrakech (
2646:Los Angeles
2614:Jerusalem (
2576:collections
2527:Calligraphy
2407:Indo-Muslim
2389:Calligraphy
2323:Mosque lamp
2281:Other media
2200:Mina'i ware
2089:Bangladeshi
1845:Islamic art
1406:Windcatcher
1387:(courtyard)
1140:Mosque lamp
1120:Girih tiles
1077:Decorations
955:Arabic dome
577:Gwen Heeney
257:terra cotta
226:cobalt blue
2824:Categories
2803:Stilfragen
2731:influences
2603:Istanbul (
2536:The garden
2492:Decoration
2461:Other arts
2356:Miniatures
2241:Embroidery
2195:Lustreware
2054:Decoration
2017:Mashrabiya
1925:Indonesian
1689:Influences
1604:Well house
1375:Mashrabiya
1023:Hussainiya
959:Onion dome
750:Indonesian
738:Qutb Shahi
582:Brickworks
562:2012-01-06
538:2012-01-06
509:2012-01-06
480:2012-01-06
456:2012-01-06
427:2012-01-06
333:2012-01-05
283:References
253:Massud III
219:Azerbaijan
2765:Grotesque
2678:Singapore
2662:Melbourne
2500:Arabesque
1929:Malaysian
1663:Resources
1426:Religious
1396:Shabestan
1354:Hypostyle
1336:Shadirvan
1105:Arabesque
1028:Imamzadeh
993:Religious
973:Semi-dome
920:Ogee arch
889:Chahartaq
852:Materials
779:Almoravid
754:Malaysian
631:5 January
232:colored.
230:turquoise
187:Sang-Bast
32:brickwork
2770:Moresque
2630:London (
2574:Museums,
2559:Paradise
2544:Charbagh
2525:See also
2427:Nastaliq
2417:Muhaqqaq
2348:the book
2260:Woodwork
2219:Textiles
2180:Fritware
2052:See also
2037:Muqarnas
2032:Mocárabe
1989:Elements
1777:Part of
1613:Military
1549:Baradari
1542:Civilian
1365:Jharokha
1326:Mechouar
1263:Charbagh
1206:Andaruni
1180:Socarrat
1145:Muqarnas
1043:Maqsurah
935:Vaulting
864:Tadelakt
845:Elements
794:Zayyanid
774:Aghlabid
579:(2003).
270:Muhammad
159:hazārbāf
147:hazarbaf
111:hazarbaf
100:Anatolia
44:Muhammad
30:Banna'i
2787:Mudéjar
2688:Tripoli
2666:Paris (
2636:V&A
2564:Persian
2554:Ottoman
2468:Muraqqa
2447:Thuluth
2432:Persian
2379:Persian
2374:Ottoman
2346:Arts of
2331:Shabaka
2205:Persian
2172:Pottery
2157:Turkish
2152:Persian
2127:Carpets
2116:Ottoman
2112:Turkish
2106:Safavid
2094:Persian
2027:Minaret
2002:Banna'i
1974:Umayyad
1969:Timurid
1959:Swahili
1949:Ottoman
1944:Moorish
1934:Iranian
1908:Bengali
1888:Fatimid
1883:Chinese
1873:Ayyubid
1868:Abbasid
1711:Mudéjar
1675:ArchNet
1625:Alcázar
1498:Musalla
1483:Maqbara
1473:Madrasa
1463:Külliye
1458:Khanqah
1448:Gongbei
1347:cooling
1345:Passive
1311:Chhatri
1304:objects
1302:Outdoor
1251:Gardens
1227:Mirador
1165:Shabaka
1155:Qashani
1110:Banna'i
1053:Minaret
995:objects
985:(eaves)
983:Chhajja
930:Squinch
831:Umayyad
826:Timurid
816:Swahili
801:Ottoman
784:Almohad
769:Moorish
759:Iranian
728:Bengali
708:Fatimid
703:Chinese
698:Ayyubid
688:Abbasid
528:ArchNet
499:ArchNet
446:ArchNet
417:ArchNet
351:(ed.).
197:). The
179:Bukhara
175:Ismā'īl
171:Samanid
167:Baghdad
133:History
119:هزارباف
115:Persian
92:Timurid
76:Persian
68:Persian
64:banna'i
34:in the
2855:Bricks
2672:Louvre
2652:Museum
2599:Ghazni
2584:Berlin
2549:Mughal
2520:Zellij
2452:Tughra
2402:Diwani
2397:Arabic
2369:Mughal
2364:Arabic
2272:Minbar
2267:Khatam
2251:Suzani
2246:Soumak
2231:Damask
2162:Prayer
2145:Motifs
2042:Sitara
2022:Mihrab
1979:Yemeni
1939:Mamluk
1918:Mughal
1635:Kasbah
1584:Kasbah
1574:Hammam
1569:Ghorfa
1554:Bazaar
1533:Zawiya
1522:takyeh
1493:Mosque
1443:Dargah
1370:Kucheh
1316:Eidgah
1242:Zenana
1190:Zellij
1175:Sitara
1170:Shamsa
1058:Minbar
1048:Mihrab
1033:Kiswah
1018:Gonbad
882:Arches
836:Yemeni
806:Somali
789:Hafsid
764:Mamluk
743:Mughal
733:Deccan
681:Styles
622:
589:
395:
361:
306:
249:Ghazni
211:Nashki
173:ruler
88:Seljuq
2589:Cairo
2514:tiles
2510:Girih
2473:Hilya
2442:Taliq
2422:Naskh
2412:Kufic
2308:Glass
2293:Brass
2288:Music
2226:Batik
2190:Iznik
2140:Kilim
2102:Qajar
2098:Early
1997:Ablaq
1964:Tatar
1898:Hausa
1650:Ribat
1645:Qalat
1630:Amsar
1589:Mahal
1528:Türbe
1518:Takya
1513:Surau
1508:Rauza
1503:Qubba
1488:Mazar
1478:Maqam
1419:Types
1331:Sebil
1221:Liwan
1211:Harem
1199:Rooms
1115:Girih
1100:Alfiz
1094:Ablaq
1068:Zarih
1063:Qibla
1012:Dikka
1007:Bedug
1002:Anaza
978:Tajug
944:Roofs
859:Qadad
821:Tatar
718:Hausa
277:kufic
262:Allah
241:Timur
207:Kufic
203:Saveh
165:near
155:Raqqa
123:hazar
80:Syria
72:بنائی
40:Allah
2605:Arts
2594:Doha
2437:Sini
2236:Ikat
2075:Arts
2012:Jali
2007:Iwan
1640:Ksar
1599:Souq
1520:(or
1385:Sahn
1359:Howz
1321:Fina
1293:Riad
1258:Bagh
1237:Qa’a
1232:Hosh
1216:Iwan
1135:Jali
951:Dome
633:2012
620:ISBN
587:ISBN
393:ISBN
359:ISBN
304:ISBN
268:and
228:and
209:and
193:and
177:(in
102:and
96:Iran
90:and
84:Iraq
82:and
46:and
2135:Gul
618:–.
616:229
266:Ali
127:baf
58:In
50:in
48:Ali
2826::
2670:,
2654:,
2638:,
2634:,
2618:,
2607:,
2104:,
2100:,
1927:/
965:/
961:/
957:/
752:/
555:.
526:.
497:.
473:.
444:.
415:.
373:^
318:^
272:.
264:,
117::
106:.
98:,
70::
62:,
42:,
2674:)
2658:)
2642:)
2622:)
2611:)
2516:)
2512:(
2118:)
2114:(
2108:)
2096:(
1837:e
1830:t
1823:v
1090:)
1083:(
969:)
953:(
666:e
659:t
652:v
635:.
595:.
565:.
541:.
512:.
483:.
459:.
430:.
401:.
367:.
336:.
312:.
113:(
66:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
