410:, grow to 30 cm (12 in). The common name references the brightly coloured and strikingly patterned bodies of many species, bearing shades of black, white, blue, red, orange, and yellow. Other species are dull in colour. Butterflyfish are a boundless, different group of marine percoids with delegates on practically all coral reef frameworks and in every single tropical ocean. Their bright and color patterns have drawn in much consideration, creating an abundance of data about their conduct and environment. Many have
380:
940:
904:
886:
921:
147:
129:
1155:
Smith, W. (2003). The evolution of the laterophysic connection with a revised phylogeny and taxonomy of butterflyfishes (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae). Cladistics the
International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society., 19(4), 287–306.
641:
allows placement of the initial split between the two main lineages to the middle to late Eocene, and together with the few other fossils, it allows the deduction that most living genera were probably distinct by the end of the
422:
narrow bodies are easily noticed through the profusion of reef life. The conspicuous coloration of butterflyfish may be intended for interspecies communication. Butterflyfish have uninterrupted
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and frequenting waters less than 18 m (59 ft) deep (though some species descend to 180 m (590 ft), butterflyfish stick to particular home ranges. These
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874:
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920:
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fish is covered in large, bony plates extending from the head. They lose their bony plates as they mature. Only one other family of fish, the scats (
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1497:
1220:
1181:
997:
975:
903:
463:. Balancing the relative populations of prey and predator is complex, leading hobby aquarists to focus on the few generalists and specialist
1047:
995:(2007): Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family.
885:
1582:
506:
of
Chaetodontidae. In any case, one lineage of Chaetodontidae (in the modern sense) contains the "typical" butterflyfish around
445:
feeders form large conspecific groups. By night, butterflyfish hide in reef crevices and exhibit markedly different coloration.
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223:
146:
419:
1419:
1406:
502:
and
Chaetodontidae were united under the latter name as a single family. Hence, Chaetodontinae is today considered a
470:
Butterflyfish are pelagic spawners; that is, they release many buoyant eggs into the water, which become part of the
1210:
911:
1515:
474:, floating with the currents until hatching. The fry go through a tholichthys stage, wherein the body of the post
371:, the former are probably not too distantly related to butterflyfish, whereas the Zanclidae seem far less close.
945:
891:
740:
39:
1036:(Teleostei: Chaetodontidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: evolution in geminate species pairs and species groups.
851:
633:
40–37 million years ago (Mya). Thus, the
Chaetodontidae emerged probably in the early to mid-Eocene. A crude
1610:
863:
853:
1346:
1324:
926:
858:
398:
Butterflyfish mostly range from 12 to 22 cm (4.7 to 8.7 in) in length. The largest species, the
384:
32:
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860:
441:
are especially territorial, forming pairs and staking claim to a specific coral head. Contrastingly, the
1546:
872:
543:
1424:
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854:
677:
562:
1564:
1093:"Evolutionary history of the butterflyfishes (f: Chaetodontidae) and the rise of coral feeding fishes"
866:
1587:
1525:
1445:
1393:
852:
403:
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Bellwood, D. R.; Klanten, S.; Cowman, P. F.; Pratchett, M. S.; Konow, N.; Van HERWERDEN, L. (2010).
857:
855:
1384:
869:
867:
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The bannerfish-coralfish lineage can be further divided in two groups; these might be considered
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141:
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411:
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R. Betancur-Rodriguez; E. Wiley; N. Bailly; A. Acero; M. Miya; G. Lecointre; G. Ortí (2017).
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1574:
1538:
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1260:
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1006:
490:
The
Chaetodontidae can be, but are not usually, divided into two lineages that arguably are
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on their flanks and dark bands across their eyes, not unlike the patterns seen on
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522:, the precise relationships of the Chaetodontidae as a whole are badly resolved.
1471:
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515:
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658:, but have not been formally named. Genera are listed in order of the presumed
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549:. This clade contains 7 families which appear to have some relationship to
966:
Pratchett, Morgan S. & Berumen, Michael L. & Kapoor, B.G. :
588:, and it is becoming clear how to subdivide the genus if that is desired.
17:
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685:
526:
471:
449:
276:
178:
101:
96:
81:
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66:
1172:
Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
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613:
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232:
168:
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occur in the Indian and
Pacific Oceans, members of the huge genus
279:
306:
282:
1344:
850:
1450:
136:
Various examples of butterflyfishes, along with angelfishes
1249:"Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes – Version 4"
576:
was confused about whether to treat these as species or
430:
that may be rounded or truncated, but are never forked.
260:
595:
record of this group is marginal. Their restriction to
561:. Other authorities have paced the family in the order
334:
Butterflyfish look like smaller versions of angelfish (
297:
are also included in this group. The approximately 129
1030:
Hsu, Kui-Ching; Chen, Jeng-Ping & Shao, Kwang-Tsao
510:, while the other unites the bannerfish and coralfish
1139:"FAMILY Details for Chaetodontidae - Butterflyfishes"
1209:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
599:
means their carcasses are liable to be dispersed by
31:"Butterfly Fish" redirects here. For the novel, see
1353:
498:is a little-used leftover from the period when the
607:, and any that do fossilize will not long survive
27:Tropical marine fish of the family Chaetodontidae
788:may eventually come to contain more genera; see
1310:Sepkoski (2002), Fessler & Westneat (2007)
1158:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0748-3007(03)00070-7
1063:A compendium of fossil marine animal genera.
8:
993:Fessler, Jennifer L. & Westneat, Mark W.
1621:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1341:
1176:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 184.
637:in combination with the evidence given by
127:
47:
1274:
1264:
662:, from the most ancient to the youngest:
448:Their coloration also makes them popular
1195:
1193:
950:Chaetodon bennetti (sometimes placed in
584:have been proposed for splitting out of
525:Chaetodontidae is classified within the
1083:
1024:Family Chaetodontidae – Butterflyfishes
881:
1616:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
1038:Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement
1167:
1165:
7:
1565:865687AC-8E0C-4463-FF0F-0C3AFDD579B7
1526:76115ca0-423e-48ec-ae04-0fd02b7f6eea
1215:(5th ed.). Wiley. p. 453.
538:, but they are placed in an unnamed
452:fish. However, most species feed on
1297:Fessler & Westneat (2007), Hsu
486:Taxonomy, systematics and evolution
1065:Bulletins of American Paleontology
25:
482:) express such an armored stage.
1109:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01904.x
938:
919:
902:
884:
145:
1097:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1032:(2007): Molecular phylogeny of
725:Bannerfish/coralfish lineage 2:
666:Bannerfish/coralfish lineage 1:
38:For an unrelated species, see
1:
1199:Fessler & Westneat (2007)
621:fossil from the mid- to late
346:. Some members of the genus
1011:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.018
968:Biology of Butterflyfishes.
572:Before DNA sequencing, the
275:are a group of conspicuous
241:
1637:
912:Johnrandallia nigrirostris
338:), but unlike these, lack
29:
1266:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
786:"typical" butterflyfishes
255:
248:
238:
231:
142:Scientific classification
140:
135:
126:
50:
1333:. February 2013 version.
1323:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1253:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1026:. Retrieved 2008-SEP-02.
946:Bluelashed butterflyfish
892:Copperband butterflyfish
629:, dates from around the
305:are found mostly on the
40:Freshwater butterflyfish
1325:"Family Chaetodontidae"
929:, (sometimes placed in
542:which sits outside the
375:Description and ecology
1174:Encyclopedia of Fishes
998:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
927:Sunburst butterflyfish
532:by the 5th edition of
395:
33:Butterfly Fish (novel)
1547:Paleobiology Database
1072:HTML database excerpt
565:alongside the family
494:. The subfamily name
382:
364:Zanclidae. Among the
404:saddle butterflyfish
393:Heniochus diphreutes
1212:Fishes of the World
535:Fishes of the World
418:wings. Their deep,
400:lined butterflyfish
389:false Moorish idols
1050:2007-08-11 at the
396:
1598:
1597:
1534:Open Tree of Life
1347:Taxon identifiers
1222:978-1-118-34233-6
1183:978-0-12-547665-2
1013:
976:978-1-4665-8290-3
970:CRC Press, 2014.
896:Chelmon rostratus
841:
831:
818:
808:
780:
767:
754:
744:
720:
707:
694:
681:
580:. Also, numerous
563:Chaetodontiformes
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16:(Redirected from
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1225:. Archived from
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1147:
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1143:www.fishbase.org
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358:Zanclus cornutus
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54:Temporal range:
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1052:Wayback Machine
1029:
1017:
1014:(HTML abstract)
992:
984:
963:
961:Further reading
956:
943:
934:
931:Lepidochaetodon
924:
915:
907:
898:
889:
880:
875:
873:
848:
749:Hemitaurichthys
652:
635:molecular clock
603:, overgrown by
488:
377:
321:. A number of
257:Chaetodontinae
221:
144:
122:
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119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
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69:
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57:Miocene–present
56:
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51:Butterflyfishes
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37:
30:
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23:
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1412:Chaetodontidae
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1385:Chaetodontidae
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1355:Chaetodontidae
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1103:(2): 335–349.
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1057:Sepkoski, Jack
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980:
979:
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909:The enigmatic
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832:
819:
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682:
673:Amphichaetodon
651:
648:
555:Monodactylidae
504:junior synonym
496:Chaetodontinae
487:
484:
376:
373:
342:spines at the
319:Pacific Oceans
287:Chaetodontidae
285:of the family
267:
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253:
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246:
245:
240:About 10, see
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235:
229:
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219:Chaetodontidae
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189:Actinopterygii
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1229:on 2019-04-08
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838:
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817:Bleeker, 1874
815:
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813:Parachaetodon
810:
806:
802:
801:
797:
796:
795:
793:
792:
787:
778:
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773:
772:Johnrandallia
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753:Bleeker, 1876
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567:Leiognathidae
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559:Priacanthidae
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551:Acanthuroidei
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545:
541:
537:
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531:
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521:
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500:Pomacanthidae
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480:Scatophagidae
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352:resemble the
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336:Pomacanthidae
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323:species pairs
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273:butterflyfish
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19:
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1259:(162): 162.
1256:
1252:
1242:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:the original
1211:
1204:
1173:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1045:PDF fulltext
1040:
1037:
1033:
1004:(1): 50–68.
1001:
996:
967:
953:
952:Megaprotodon
949:
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910:
895:
840:Jordan, 1923
834:
823:Prognathodes
821:
811:
798:
789:
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783:
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757:
747:
730:
724:
723:
710:
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684:
671:
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664:
653:
638:
612:
611:. However,
590:
585:
571:
533:
524:
520:paraphyletic
507:
495:
489:
469:
461:sea anemones
447:
439:corallivores
432:
408:C. ephippium
407:
397:
392:
366:paraphyletic
357:
354:Moorish idol
347:
333:
326:
294:
290:
286:
272:
270:
256:
239:
218:
45:
1472:iNaturalist
1379:Wikispecies
597:coral reefs
544:superfamily
518:are highly
516:Perciformes
492:subfamilies
465:zooplankton
443:zooplankton
424:dorsal fins
369:Perciformes
344:gill covers
199:Perciformes
1605:Categories
1233:2020-11-19
1059:(2002): .
982:References
732:Forcipiger
712:Chelmonops
601:scavengers
578:subspecies
433:Generally
340:preopercle
291:bannerfish
224:Rafinesque
205:Suborder:
18:Bannerfish
1117:1010-061X
1043:: 77–86.
1034:Chaetodon
800:Chaetodon
791:Chaetodon
759:Heniochus
660:phylogeny
644:Paleogene
631:Bartonian
617:, a very
586:Chaetodon
582:subgenera
547:Percoidea
530:Percoidei
514:. As the
508:Chaetodon
467:feeders.
428:tail fins
420:laterally
416:butterfly
362:monotypic
360:) of the
349:Heniochus
328:Chaetodon
295:coralfish
259:(but see
209:Percoidei
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
1364:Wikidata
1330:FishBase
1285:28683774
1125:20487131
1078:Specific
1048:Archived
1019:FishBase
846:Timeline
805:Linnaeus
741:McGregor
686:Coradion
646:23 Mya.
574:taxonomy
527:suborder
472:plankton
450:aquarium
412:eyespots
402:and the
311:Atlantic
277:tropical
250:Synonyms
215:Family:
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
1370:Q271004
1276:5501477
1070:: 560.
987:General
878:Gallery
777:Nalbant
717:Bleeker
704:Cloquet
699:Chelmon
678:Burgess
639:Pygaeus
614:Pygaeus
609:erosion
435:diurnal
309:of the
299:species
195:Order:
185:Class:
1588:125528
1575:114040
1572:uBio:
1552:266290
1539:615333
1523:NZOR:
1503:169554
1490:115306
1301:(2007)
1299:et al.
1283:
1273:
1219:
1180:
1123:
1115:
974:
830:, 1862
807:, 1758
779:, 1974
766:, 1816
764:Cuvier
743:, 1898
739:&
737:Jordan
719:, 1876
706:, 1817
693:, 1860
680:, 1978
656:tribes
650:Genera
627:Europe
623:Eocene
605:corals
593:fossil
557:, and
512:genera
476:larval
457:polyps
385:school
317:, and
315:Indian
303:genera
301:in 12
289:; the
280:marine
233:Genera
226:, 1810
1583:WoRMS
1560:Plazi
1516:30828
1485:IRMNG
1477:47318
619:basal
540:clade
454:coral
426:with
307:reefs
1511:NCBI
1498:ITIS
1464:8517
1459:GBIF
1451:5352
1425:1861
1420:BOLD
1281:PMID
1217:ISBN
1178:ISBN
1121:PMID
1113:ISSN
972:ISBN
828:Gill
784:The
691:Kaup
591:The
459:and
293:and
283:fish
271:The
261:text
242:text
62:PreꞒ
1446:EoL
1438:7YP
1433:CoL
1407:AFD
1394:ADW
1271:PMC
1261:doi
1105:doi
1068:364
1061:In:
1007:doi
836:Roa
625:of
387:of
1607::
1585::
1562::
1549::
1536::
1513::
1500::
1487::
1474::
1461::
1448::
1435::
1422::
1409::
1396::
1381::
1366::
1327:.
1279:.
1269:.
1257:17
1255:.
1251:.
1192:^
1164:^
1141:.
1119:.
1111:.
1101:23
1099:.
1095:.
1041:14
1022::
1002:45
948:,
894:,
794::
569:.
553:,
406:,
391:,
383:A
331:.
313:,
112:Pg
1287:.
1263::
1236:.
1186:.
1145:.
1127:.
1107::
1009::
954:)
933:)
356:(
263:)
117:N
107:K
102:J
97:T
92:P
87:C
82:D
77:S
72:O
67:Ꞓ
42:.
35:.
20:)
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