731:
252:
members of the council. Mohan Singh and an officer by the name of Gilani were to be the INA's members. The committee of representatives took members from the 12 territories with Indian population, with representation proportional to the representative Indian population. The
Bangkok resolution further decided that the Indian National Army was to be subordinate to it.
315:
265:
interests of the people of India and as such acknowledged as the only body representing India, this conference is of the opinion that the program and plan of action of this
Movement must be so guided, controlled and directed as to bring them in line with the aims and intentions of the Indian National Congress.
251:
The conference defined the structure of the league as consisting of a
Council for Action and a Committee of representatives below it. Below the committee was to be the territorial and local branches. Rash Behari Bose was to chair the council, while K.P.K Menon, Nedyam Raghavan were among the civilian
206:
in March 1942. It was while en route to this conference that the plane carrying Pritam Singh and
Satyananda Puri crashed. However, although divided on the interests of different communities and regions and on the scopes and limits of Japanese interventions, the delegates agreed to a reorganisation of
282:
and her territorial integrity, to all of which the council unanimously demanded that Japan clearly and unequivocally commit themselves before the league proceeded any further in collaboration. The resolution further demanded that the Indian
National Army be accorded the status of an allied army and
192:
or surrendered at
Singapore. Although not formally proclaimed until September 1942, the unit rapidly came to be an important component of the Indian movement in South-east Asia and of Japanese projects and agenda in the region, especially with regards to her subsequent plans in the South-east Asian
264:
That Indian be considered as ONE and indivisible. That all activities of this movement be on a national basis and not on sectional, communal or religious bases. That in view of the fact that the Indian
National Congress is the only political organisation which could claim to represent the real
269:
The resolution itself adopted a thirty-four point resolution, to each of which it expected the
Japanese government to respond to. These included the demand that the Japanese government clearly, explicitly and publicly recognize India as an independent nation and the league as the nation's
27:
to proclaim the formation of the All-India
Independence league. The conference further saw the adoption by the league of a thirty-four set resolution known as the Bangkok resolutions that attempted to define the role of the league in the Independence movement, relations with the nascent
201:
Following the end of the
Malayan Campaign, and after Thailand's support to the Japanese campaign, these organisations were encouraged by Japan to unify the overseas Indian movement. Although differences existed between the organisations, they met at the
215:
as the leader of the organisation. The Tokyo conference, however, failed to reach any definitive decisions. A number of the Indian delegations held differences with Rash Behari, especially given his long connection with
63:
operated from the 1920s to the 1940s to organize those living outside of India into seeking the removal of British colonial rule over India. Some accounts indicate it was founded in 1928 by Indian nationalists
283:
treated as such, and that all Indian Prisoners of Wars be released to the INA. The Japanese must help the army with loans, and not to ask it to march in any other purpose than for the liberation of India.
1064:
1292:
1098:
910:
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and the current position of Japan as the occupying power in South-east Asia, and were wary of vested Japanese interests. The conference agreed to meet again in
1019:
630:
168:
accepted as the leader of the expatriate Indian movement in South-east Asia. Later, the council sent delegates to attend the Bangkok Conference.
713:
37:
1324:
719:
32:, and clarify the grounds and conditions for obtaining Japanese support for it. The resolution further attempted to clarify the relations of
1194:
1319:
837:
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with an opening address by the Thai deputy foreign minister Wichit. Amongst the guests to this conference were the Japanese Ambassador
693:
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570:
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688:
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on the scopes of Japanese assistance to the Indian movement. However, the Indian National Council emphasised solidarity with the
76:
and included Indian expatriates, and later, Indian nationalists in-exile under Japanese occupation following Japan's successful
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23:
was a conference held on 23 June 1942 by Indian Nationalist groups and local Indian Independence leagues at
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The Indian National Army Trials. The Modern Law Review, Vol. 11, No. 1. (Jan., 1948), pp. 47-69.
152:, with Puri openly questioning Tokyo's anti-imperialist credibility in light of her actions in
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595:
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representatives and guardians. Other points also demanded assurances from the Japanese on
73:
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at a future date. The Indian delegation returned to Singapore in April with Rash Behari.
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883:
774:
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The resolution was duly passed on to what was then the Japanese liaison office, the
128:, it came to be one of the two prominent Indian associations that corresponded with
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820:
663:
553:
Netaji and India's Freedom: Proceedings of the International Netaji Seminar.
305:
582:
The Indian National Army: Second Front of the Indian Independence Movement.
72:, By the start of the war the organisation was located in various parts of
1168:
1133:
227:
The Bangkok conference opened on 22 June 1942 at the Silpakon theatre in
145:
109:
515:
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in South-East Asia and India's Liberation War
809:
769:
608:
534:
The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945.
228:
221:
144:, the council reflected the Congress leadership's reluctance to appear
133:
101:
24:
978:
275:
217:
157:
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33:
612:
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on 22 December 1941. The founding president of the Council was
148:
of the Japanese. The council also had differences with the
592:
Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire.
16:
Indian nationalists form All-India Independence league
188:
prisoners of war who were captured either during the
164:
en route to the Conference in Tokyo in 1942 that saw
176:
The Indian National Army was initially formed under
1204:
1124:
931:
847:
738:
646:
88:. The IIL also had links with local Indian clubs.
331:Women's equality isn't doled out evenly in India.
481:
479:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
262:
160:. Puri was killed in a plane crash, along with
140:and, at a time when Japan began its successful
431:
429:
84:. Among the most prominent of the leaders was
624:
368:
366:
8:
536:, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.,
260:The introduction to the resolution states:
631:
617:
609:
124:as the founding secretary. Along with the
353:
351:
112:. This organisation was founded from the
447:
420:
408:
372:
342:
180:with Japanese aid and support after the
298:
184:and consisted of approximately 20,000
38:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
485:
384:
59:The Indian Independence League was a
7:
396:
357:
497:
470:
435:
14:
729:
326:Hassell, John. (August 5, 1997)
100:was founded in December 1941 in
699:Provisional Government of India
654:Revolutionary conspiracy of WWI
563:The War of the Springing Tiger
1:
584:, Meerut, Meenakshi Prakashan
80:during the first part of the
1325:Indian independence movement
1237:Japanese occupation of Burma
1217:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
1020:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
311:Anniversaries;The Register.
239:, and the Italian minister
1371:
1320:Indian Independence League
1232:Selarang Barracks incident
209:Indian Independence League
150:Indian Independence League
126:Indian Independence League
114:Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge
55:Indian Independence League
52:
49:Indian Independence League
44:Indians in South-East Asia
1267:Malaysian Indian Congress
727:
590:Kratoska, Paul H (2002),
1315:World War II conferences
1222:Special Bureau for India
857:Indian National Congress
555:, Netaji Research Bureau
138:Indian National Congress
1015:Rani of Jhansi Regiment
760:Indian National Council
561:Corr, Gerald H (1975),
513:Bhargava, M.L. (1982).
98:Indian National Council
92:Indian National Council
968:First Arakan offensive
532:Fay, Peter W. (1993),
333:Section: News; page 1.
267:
61:political organisation
1355:India in World War II
1252:India in World War II
1227:Azad Hind Decorations
1159:INA Defence Committee
973:Hindustan Field Force
755:Swami Satyananda Puri
118:Swami Satyananda Puri
1340:Indian National Army
1025:Mohammed Zaman Kiani
795:Bidadary Resolutions
640:Indian National Army
551:Bose, Sisir (1975),
526:, London, Blackwell.
522:Green, L.C. (1948),
104:by another group of
30:Indian National Army
1099:Battle of Irrawaddy
849:Subhas Chandra Bose
740:Indian Independence
580:Ghosh, K.K (1969),
316:Times Online search
308:(January 23, 2007)
256:Bangkok Resolutions
106:Indian nationalists
66:Subhas Chandra Bose
40:with a free India.
1330:History of Bangkok
1164:Kailash Nath Katju
1109:Surrender of Japan
1104:Battle of Meiktila
815:Bangkok Conference
314:Page 56. See also
278:, respect for her
235:, German minister
162:Giani Pritam Singh
86:Giani Pritam Singh
21:Bangkok Conference
1302:
1301:
1174:Tej Bahadur Sapru
1050:Rasammah Bhupalan
953:Fall of Singapore
916:Death controversy
879:Bengal Volunteers
714:Greater East Asia
423:, p. 175,176
360:, p. 105,106
274:'s relation with
182:Fall of Singapore
1362:
1350:1942 in Thailand
1345:1942 conferences
1184:Jawaharlal Nehru
1094:Battle of Kohima
1089:Battle of Imphal
943:Battle of Malaya
800:Tokyo Conference
790:Rash Behari Bose
733:
679:Berlin Committee
633:
626:
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604:
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303:
213:Rash Behari Bose
204:Tokyo Conference
197:Tokyo Conference
190:Malayan campaign
178:Capt Mohan Singh
166:Rash Behari Bose
142:Malayan Campaign
82:Second World War
78:Malayan Campaign
70:Jawaharlal Nehru
1370:
1369:
1365:
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1361:
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1305:
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1303:
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1247:Masakasu Kawabe
1242:Burma Area Army
1212:Azad Hind Radio
1200:
1179:Bhulabhai Desai
1126:Red Fort trials
1120:
1035:A.D. Loganathan
934:
933:Indian National
927:
911:Habib-ur-Rahman
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328:The Star-Ledger
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233:Tsubokami Teiji
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74:South-East Asia
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1205:Related topics
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1030:Lakshmi Sahgal
1027:
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1000:Subhas Brigade
997:
992:
990:Gandhi Brigade
987:
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884:Emilie Schenkl
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53:Main article:
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2:
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1335:1942 in India
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1189:Bombay mutiny
1187:
1185:
1182:
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1154:Burhan-ud-Din
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1070:Burma theatre
1068:
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1055:Shaukat Malik
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1005:Bahadur Group
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995:Nehru Brigade
993:
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894:Indian Legion
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839:
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833:
832:Azad Hind Dal
830:
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813:
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695:
694:Kabul mission
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601:0-7007-1488-X
597:
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583:
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572:0-85045-069-1
568:
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559:
554:
549:
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543:0-472-08342-2
539:
535:
530:
525:
520:
516:
511:
510:
506:
500:, p. 144
499:
494:
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487:
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476:
473:, p. 108
472:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
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453:
450:, p. 175
449:
448:Kratoska 2002
444:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
421:Kratoska 2002
417:
414:
411:, p. 174
410:
409:Kratoska 2002
405:
402:
399:, p. 289
398:
393:
390:
386:
381:
378:
375:, p. 173
374:
373:Kratoska 2002
369:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
345:, p. 210
344:
343:Bhargava 1982
339:
336:
332:
329:
323:
320:
317:
313:
312:
307:
302:
299:
293:
291:
289:
288:Iwakuro Kikan
284:
281:
277:
273:
266:
261:
255:
253:
246:
244:
242:
238:
237:Ernst Wendler
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
214:
211:and accepted
210:
205:
196:
194:
191:
187:
183:
179:
171:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
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135:
131:
127:
123:
120:, along with
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115:
111:
107:
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91:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
56:
48:
43:
41:
39:
35:
31:
26:
22:
1291:
1272:INA treasure
1262:William Slim
1193:
1113:
1081:
1074:
1045:Janaki Davar
1040:J.R. Bhonsle
985:Azad Brigade
977:
920:
903:
889:Forward Bloc
873:Purna Swaraj
871:
836:
827:Hikari Kikan
819:
814:
775:K.P.K. Menon
750:Pritam Singh
742:League (IIL)
718:
709:Pan Asianism
591:
581:
562:
552:
533:
523:
514:
493:
488:, p. 61
443:
438:, p. 91
416:
404:
392:
380:
338:
330:
322:
309:
301:
285:
268:
263:
259:
250:
241:Guido Crolla
226:
200:
175:
108:resident in
95:
58:
20:
18:
1282:Joyce Lebra
958:Farrer Park
948:Mohan Singh
689:Barkatullah
684:Bagha Jatin
659:Rash Behari
280:sovereignty
122:Debnath Das
1309:Categories
1149:Shah Nawaz
1060:John Thivy
1010:Tokyo Boys
867:Sarat Bose
780:A.M. Sahay
765:I Fujiwara
647:Historical
565:, Osprey,
507:References
486:Green 1948
385:Ghosh 1969
272:Free India
130:I Fujiwara
1287:Hugh Toye
1277:Peter Fay
1257:14th Army
1076:Admin Box
963:First INA
905:Azad Hind
821:Azad Hind
805:H Iwakuro
785:S.A. Ayer
664:Har Dayal
397:Bose 1975
358:Corr 1975
306:The Times
193:theatre.
172:First INA
1169:Asaf Ali
862:C.R. Das
498:Fay 1993
471:Fay 1993
436:Fay 1993
247:Outcomes
146:Quisling
110:Thailand
36:and the
1139:Dhillon
1065:Battles
810:I Kikan
770:F Kikan
229:Bangkok
222:Bangkok
134:F Kikan
102:Bangkok
25:Bangkok
1144:Sahgal
674:Chatto
598:
569:
540:
186:Indian
1134:CSDIC
979:Jiffs
899:U-180
669:Ghadr
294:Notes
276:Japan
218:Japan
158:China
154:Korea
34:Japan
1293:more
1195:more
1115:more
1083:U-Go
935:Army
922:more
838:more
720:more
596:ISBN
567:ISBN
538:ISBN
207:the
156:and
96:The
68:and
19:The
132:'s
1311::
478:^
455:^
428:^
365:^
350:^
290:.
243:.
632:e
625:t
618:v
605:.
586:.
576:.
557:.
547:.
528:.
517:.
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