81:. There are also cases of women prisoners being forced into a position of providing sex for favours or preferential treatment. Alternatives to imprisonment—such as community service—have been shown to be much more effective in reducing recidivism and promoting lasting rehabilitation. However, in many countries alternatives to prison fail to take into account the specific requirements of women offenders. Their caretaking responsibilities and their previous history of domestic violence are often overlooked, as are gender differences in drug dependency and therefore drug treatment.
44:, an advocate for female prison reform, submitted a resolution to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council, that detailed the vulnerability of women incarcerated in a system built principally for men. The resolution set in motion a series of meetings that culminated in the UN General Assembly's 2010 adoption of the body's first set of rules focused on women prisoners: Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders, or the Bangkok Rules.
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Female offenders are disproportionately likely to have been victims of domestic or sexual abuse. Throughout the criminal justice process, they are at risk of further abuse, violence and humiliation—from police, prison officers and fellow prisoners. For many women, custody means ill-treatment, threats
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Estimated to account for between two and ten percent of national prison populations, women are the fastest growing prisoner demographic. In the US, for example, the number of incarcerated women has grown at roughly twice the rate for men, multiplying by almost a factor of seven in the last three
20:, or formally, "The United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders", is a set of 70 rules focused on the treatment of female offenders and prisoners adopted by the
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120:"The Bangkok Rules; United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders with their Commentary"
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on 22 December 2010. The
Bangkok Rules, or the "70 Rules" as it is frequently known, is the first set of rules tailored to the treatment of
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of rape, touching, "virginity testing", being stripped naked, invasive body searches, insults and humiliations of a sexual nature or even
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and to give priority to the financing of such systems, as well as to the development of the mechanisms needed for their implementation."
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passed a resolution to adopt the
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decades. Chinese data are not up to date, but, between 1997 and 2002, the number of women in
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152:"Dialogue—Issue 43: Bangkok Rules Address the Plight of Women in Prison"
225:"UN Bangkok Rules on women offenders and prisoners; Short guide"
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200:"China: Women Prisoner Numbers Rise 10 Times Faster than Men"
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Standard
Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
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Victims of domestic abuse and alternatives to prison
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59:Growing female prison population
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264:Imprisonment and detention
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36:Introduction
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253:Categories
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107:References
85:See also
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157:Dui Hua
228:(PDF)
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79:rape
16:The
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