199:
1611:, claimed in 2012 that he had recently written off €1bn in Irish debt for his Irish clients in the UK in only eighteen months. The high level of Irish debt being written off in the UK has prompted the government there to seek to have EU law amended to make it harder for Irish residents to move to the UK and take advantage of more lenient bankruptcy laws there where bankruptcy lasts for a period of twelve months as opposed to twelve years in the Bankruptcy in Ireland. Though Thatcher dismisses the validity of the term 'bankruptcy tourism' and instead calls it 'bankruptcy emigration' as he says people have to emigrate to the UK to go bankrupt, with the majority of his clients remaining in the UK once their bankruptcy is complete.
2006: Geoghegan J (Supreme Court February 2009). where the Supreme Court stated that the practice which had developed in the High Court whereby an unsatisfied judgment and a return of no goods was required before a bankruptcy summons would issue, was incompatible with the Bankruptcy Act. This judgment has the effect of shortening the time frame in which bankruptcy proceedings can be brought, and reducing the costs of bringing bankruptcy proceedings. Creditors can now proceed to issue a bankruptcy summons as long as they have complied with requirements of the Act. See
24:
120:
65:
198:
992:
the debtor is domiciled in the state or, within three years before the date of the presentation of the petition, has ordinarily resided or had a dwelling house or place of business in the state or has carried on business in the state personally or by means of an agent or manager, or is, or within the
1146:
Pursuant to section 61 of the
Bankruptcy Act 1988 all of the bankrupt's assets vest in the OA. This includes the bankrupt's interest in the family home. However the OA must apply to court under section 61(5)to permit him to sell a family home. The court has a discretion to postpone a sale under this
1027:
If the court is satisfied that all the relevant requirements have been complied with, it will adjudicate the debtor bankrupt. A duplicate copy of this order is given to the bankruptcy inspector who serves it on the debtor. The bankruptcy inspector is a civil servant employed in the office of the OA.
956:
for 21 days. If a bankruptcy commences in this period, the proceeds are sent to the official assignee rather than the creditors. If the process has not been completed, then bankruptcy will freeze enforcement and the assets collected by the sheriff must be turned over to the bankruptcy trustee or OA.
1107:
compromise all debts and liabilities capable of resulting in debts and all claims, present or future, certain or contingent, ascertained or sounding only in damages, subsisting or supposed to subsist between the bankrupt or arranging debtor and any debtor and all questions in any way relating to or
1402:
Any arrangement made between the debtor and creditor out of court is a matter of contract between them with there being no involvement by the bankruptcy jurisdiction of the High Court. A deed of arrangement must be registered with the High Court offices. Failure to register within seven days, will
1162:
If a spouse is engaging in behaviour which may lead to the loss of any interest in the family home, with the intention to deprive a spouse of dependent child of such an interest, it is open to the other spouse to apply to court for an order under section 5 of the Family Home
Protection Act 1976 to
1154:
In most circumstances the spouse of the bankrupt will assert an interest in the family home. Notwithstanding this interest the court may make an order under section 31 of the Land and
Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 for partition of land or for sale of the land and distribution of the proceeds as
1660:
On 24 January 2012 the
Department of Justice and Equality published the Draft General Scheme of a new personal insolvency bill. The proposed bill would, among other things, reduce the period of bankruptcy to 3 years and introduce three different non-judicial mechanisms to deal with debt. The full
1518:
in the case of a composition payable partly in cash and partly by instalments which are secured to the satisfaction of the creditors, upon lodgement with the OA of the completed securities, the necessary amount to pay the cash composition, expenses, fees, costs, such further sums as the court may
1436:
the advantages are similar to those of a voluntary arrangement with the added significant advantage that dissenting creditors can be bound if the requisite majority is obtained; however, there will be additional court costs and expenses of the OA. Additionally, should a composition be voted down,
1618:
published an interim report on
Personal Debt Management and Debt Enforcement (LRC 96-2010). From the perspective of bankruptcy law the main recommendations of this report include an automatic discharge from bankruptcy after 3 years (subject to debtor's assets remaining in the bankruptcy and the
1325:
The second applies where the bankrupt within 3 days or such extended time not exceeding 14 days as the Court thinks fit from the service of the copy of the order of adjudication on him, show cause to the Court against the validity of the adjudication. This involves the bankrupt showing that the
929:
Pursuant to S45 of the
Bankruptcy Act (as amended), a bankrupt is permitted to retain as excepted articles: clothing, furniture, bedding, tools or equipment of his trade or occupation or necessary items for himself, his/her spouse or civil partner, children and dependent relatives residing with
870:
any person who is known or suspected to have in his possession or control any property of the bankrupt or to have disposed of any property of the bankrupt or who is supposed to have indebtedness to the bankrupt or any person who is capable of giving information relating to the trade, dealings,
742:
The essence of bankruptcy is that the debtor's assets are transferred to an official who administers and realises them for the benefit of all creditors. The purpose is to release the bankrupt from an unsustainable debt burden and to distribute his assets amongst all creditors equally (although
1007:
should the debtor fail to respond, the creditor can then proceed to have a bankruptcy summons issued with 2 copies of the notice together with an affidavit for bankruptcy summons sworn by the creditor being filed in the
Examiner's Office together with €650 for the OA's initial costs, fees and
1707:
The
Personal Insolvency Act 2012 was signed by the President on 26 December 2012 and the Minister indicated that he expects licensing of personal insolvency practitioners to take place in April/May 2012 but did not indicate when he expected the first debtors would utilise the new insolvency
1334:
Only the bankrupt can apply to have the bankruptcy annulled. Such an order can be made at any stage during the proceedings. The effect of an order is to put the bankrupt in the position he was in prior to adjudication insofar as that is possible without causing prejudice to the creditors.
1203:
The beneficiaries of detrimental acts can avoid the application of the law of the member state which opened the insolvency proceedings if they can show that the law they thought governed the transaction at the time they entered into the transaction upholds the circumstances of the
1071:
unless the court otherwise directs, forthwith deliver such books of account or other papers relating to his estate in his possession or control as the
Official Assignee may from time to time request and disclose to him such of them as are in the possession or control of any other
1514:
in the case of a composition payable by instalments which are secured to the satisfaction of the creditors, upon lodgement with the OA of the completed securities, the necessary amount to pay expenses, fees, costs, such further sums as the court may direct and the preferential
1103:
make any compromise or arrangement with creditors or persons claiming to be creditors or having or alleging themselves to have any claim present or future, certain or contingent, ascertained or sounding only in damages whereby the bankrupt or arranging debtor may be rendered
863:
any payment or any transfer of property by the bankrupt to a creditor in preference over other creditors that took place in the 1-year period prior to being adjudicated bankrupt shall be deemed to have been fraudulently done and may be undone or otherwise dealt with by the
1038:
Part 5 of the
Bankruptcy Act 1988 makes provision for an application at the statutory sitting for the appointment of a trustee who will carry out the functions normally carried out by the OA in winding up the a bankrupt's estate. These provisions have rarely been invoked.
1378:
An individual may try to come to a voluntary arrangement by deed with his creditors outside the control of the court with a view to agreeing a part-payment of his debts in settlement of the claims. This arrangement does not require court approval and avoids a bankruptcy.
1579:
Irish Bankruptcy laws have been the subject of sustained criticism both regarding the complexity of the process and the minimum length of time (12 years, until amended in 2011) taken to purge bankruptcy where all of the debts of the bankrupt have not been discharged.
752:
Irish bankruptcy law has been the subject of significant recent comment, from both government sources and the media, as being in need of reform. Part 7 of the Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 has started this process and the government has committed to
3205:
883:
it is an offence for the bankrupt to act as an officer of or directly or indirectly take part or be concerned in the promotion, formation or management of any Irish company or of any foreign company which has an established place of business in
1619:
Official Assignee being permitted to require the bankrupt to make payments for up to 5 years), an increase in the level of debt required to bring a creditor's petition to €50,000 and a reduction in the range of priority debts in bankruptcy.
933:
If, having selected items up to the specified value, the bankrupt requests the official assignee not to dispose of items of the kind set out above, the OA may not dispose of such items other than in accordance with an order of the court.
1199:
It may be possible to persuade a court not to open secondary proceedings after main proceedings are opened elsewhere, if it can be demonstrated that no useful purpose can be served by those proceedings and that they may simply multiply
1644:
it provides for a petition be presented where a person ordinarily resided in the state or carried on business in the state in the period of three years prior to the date of its presentation (rather than the current period of one
1587:, commentators have noted the appearance of bankruptcy tourism where Irish debtors move to other jurisdictions to avail of more lenient bankruptcy laws. The most prominent cases of alleged bankruptcy tourism are perhaps those of
1011:
once the bankruptcy summons is issued it should be personally served on the debtor together with the affidavit within 28 days. The summons server must endorse the summons with the date of service within 3 days of having served
1484:
It is also possible to have an arrangement with creditors after bankruptcy commences. This is known as a composition in bankruptcy. It commences with an application to court which if granted, suspends bankruptcy proceedings.
1191:
Even if COMI is in one member state, insolvency proceedings against an individual can be opened in another member state but they will be either territorial or secondary proceedings and will be limited to the assets in that
1694:
making the costs of a petitioner at the discretion of the court, having considered any unreasonable refusal by the petitioner to accept a proposal that the debtor enter into one of the non-judicial personal insolvency
1158:
The mechanisms by which a spouse's interest in the family home arise are complex and careful consideration needs to be given to the existence and percentage of such interest in the circumstances of any given case.
1423:
full provision must be made, by way of a supporting affidavit giving particulars of and description of assets and their fair value and an estimate for fees, expenses and the amount due to preferential creditors;
743:
certain types of creditor enjoy priorities). The bankrupt person is subject to restrictions and disabilities on trading and on obtaining credit while a bankrupt but leaves the process with their debts forgiven.
1626:. Commentators have expressed the view that there is a risk that this will not be completed on the agreed timetable. The government has stated that it intends to publish a bill in this regard by Easter 2012.
1510:
in the case of a composition payable in cash, upon lodgement with the OA of the necessary amount to pay the composition, expenses, fees, costs, such further sums as the court may direct and the preferential
1195:
Where either main, territorial or secondary proceedings are opened, the law governing the opening, closure and conduct of each of those proceedings will be the law of the member state which has opened those
772:"an act of default, voluntary or involuntary, committed by a debtor, which is either evidence of intent to deprive creditors of their rights through fraudulent assignment or is an implication of insolvency."
1047:
Before a debtor may bring bankruptcy proceedings against himself, he must show that he is unable to pay his debts to his creditors and that his available estate is sufficient to produce at least €1,900.00.
2419:
1288:
the court is satisfied that the estate of the bankrupt has been fully realised, provision has been made to cover the costs, fees (of the OA) and expenses of the bankruptcy, the preferential creditors, and
1629:
Part 7 of the Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 while not going as far as proposed in the Law Reform Commission Report, has made substantial amendments to the Bankruptcy Act 1988 including:
1458:
The court may make such order as it thinks fit for the distribution of the estate or any part thereof by payment of the expenses, fees, costs and preferential payments as well as the relevant dividend.
1297:
the bankruptcy has been in place for 5 years (prior to 2011 this was 12 years), provision has been made to cover the costs. fees (of the OA) and expenses of the bankruptcy, the preferential creditors;
921:
Offences carry the penalty on summary conviction of a fine not exceeding €634.87 or up to 12 months prison or both and on indictment of a fine not exceeding €1,269.74 or up to 5 years prison or both.
1210:
Where an individual has an Irish COMI, then the bankruptcy proceedings are main proceedings for the purposes of the Insolvency Regulation and have general effects throughout the EU excluding Denmark.
1035:
and a newspaper as directed by the court and a statutory sitting is held within 3 weeks of the publication. The bankrupt must make a full disclosure of all his property to the court at this hearing.
937:
On an application by the OA or by the bankrupt under this section the court may postpone the removal and sale; permit the bankrupt to retain the items or order the sale of the items at any time.
918:
The bankrupt commits a criminal offence if he does not disclose all his property to the Court or conceals any part of his estate or if he obtains by false representation any property or credit.
1108:
affecting the assets or the proceedings on such terms as may be agreed and take any security for the discharge of any debt, liability or claim, and give a complete discharge in respect thereof;
1004:
prior to the issue of a bankruptcy summons, "Particulars of the Demand and Notice Requiring Payment" must be sent to the debtor by way of ordinary post, the debtor has 4 clear days to respond;
749:
The classic definition of bankruptcy is that: "it is a law for the benefit and relief of creditors and their debtors, in cases in which the latter are unable or unwilling to pay their debts."
1078:
unless the Court otherwise directs, within the prescribed time file in the Central Office of the High Court a statement of affairs in the prescribed form and deliver a copy thereof to the OA;
746:
The Official Assignee in bankruptcy can challenge and set aside pre-bankruptcy transactions by the bankrupt to make the assets, the subject of those transactions, available to the creditors.
2838:
37:
2629:
3195:
812:
where a creditor presenting a petition, who is due at least €1,900, has served a bankruptcy summons on the debtor and he does not within 14 days after service thereof pay the sum due;
949:
issues, all uncompleted legal enforcement against the debtor is stopped. This is to preserve equality among creditors as no enforcement action can be taken against a bankrupt.
83:
2319:
Section 61(3)of the Bankruptcy Act 1998 as amended by section 34 of the Courts and Court Officers Act 2002 and section 30 of the Civil Law Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2011
765:
While bankruptcy is commonly considered to arise where a person is insolvent, in Ireland a person can be adjudicated bankrupt where he has committed any act of bankruptcy.
2900:
1595:
and property developer John Fleming. Fleming, who had personally guaranteed much of the €1 billion debt of Tivway and associated companies in Ireland, was discharged from
834:
protecting bankrupts from vindictive creditors by freeing them from the balance of their debts where they are unable to pay them in full, and to help to rehabilitate them;
1322:
i.e. where the order was made without jurisdiction or where there had been a clear abuse of process; where the mechanisms of the Bankruptcy Act had been improperly used.
1075:
deliver up possession of any part of his property which is divisible among his creditors under this Act, and which is for the time being in his possession or control;
713:
whereby the assets of a personal debtor are realised and distributed amongst his or her creditors in cases where the debtor is unable or unwilling to pay his debts.
867:
any sale of property at an under value that the bankrupt carried out in the one-year period prior to being adjudicated bankrupt may be avoided and undone by the OA;
2423:
43:
1173:"should correspond to the place where the debtor conducts the administration of his interests on a regular basis and is therefore ascertainable by third parties"
837:
protecting creditors, not alone from debtors who, prior to bankruptcy, prefer one of more creditors to others, and from the actions of fraudulent bankrupts; and
502:
2186:
877:
the Court may make such allowances as the Court thinks proper, in any special circumstances brought to its attention, to the bankrupt out of his or her estate;
739:(OA). Under the supervision of the Court, the OA will realise the bankrupt's assets and distribute the assets according to law among the bankrupt's creditors.
3200:
1137:
ascertain and certify to the court the amount due in respect of a mortgage debt and the due priority thereof with power to the Court to vary such certificate.
731:
A bankrupt is somebody who has been adjudicated bankrupt by the High Court. Once a debtor is adjudicated bankrupt, bankruptcy law provides for the mandatory
785:
where an individual makes a conveyance or assignment of all or substantially all of his property to a trustee(s) for the benefit of his creditors generally;
2247:
Where the creditor has interests in multiple states see Centre of Main Interests with regard to which is the appropriate forum for insolvency proceedings.
1492:
a meeting is called before the court for the purpose of making an offer to creditors. The meeting must be advertised and certain statements must be filed;
1238:
Realise the secured asset and, if necessary, lodge a proof of debt for the balance due once the proceeds of the sale have been deducted from the debt due;
2848:
1788:
It might be noted that bankruptcy applies to partners in partnerships as a partnership does not have a separate legal personality to that of its members.
1018:
if the debtor fails to pay the debt or to apply to have the summons dismissed with the 14 days, he will be deemed to have committed an act of bankruptcy.
911:
3065:
2714:
Note: As bankruptcy applies to individuals not companies the title of this article might more properly have referred to company directors not companies.
2446:
1207:
Security rights and other rights effectively relating to real property are essentially governed by the law of the country where the property is located.
1641:
the minimum period before a bankrupt can seek a discharge from bankruptcy, where the debts have not been paid in full, is decreased from 12 to 5 years;
2986:
2953:
2758:
2279:
1131:
agree a sum for costs where the court so directs or where he considers that the amount which would be allowed on taxation would not exceed €12,000.00;
960:
The OA can apply to have proceedings stopped or restrained. Legal proceedings will generally be stopped on such terms as the court deems appropriate.
3171:
2701:
2213:
2269:
Section 15 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988 as amended by article 1 and the schedule to the Bankruptcy Act 1988 (Alteration of Monetary Limits) Order 2001
487:
358:
3119:
1430:
it is approved by the court, it becomes binding on all the creditors, who were creditors at the time of the petition and had notice of the sitting;
1264:
A bankruptcy is automatically discharged after 12 years. This is a provision introduced in 2011 and historically there was no automatic discharge.
1155:
the court directs. Accordingly, the OA may obtain an order for sale subject to distributing a share of the proceeds to the spouse of the bankrupt.
614:
225:
2651:
1603:, who has described the Irish bankruptcy regime as "purgatory", has publicly announced that he is contemplating moving to the UK to avail of its
2927:
1858:
1844:
3251:
3219:
3039:
1343:
The Court may review, rescind or vary an order made by it in the course of a bankruptcy matter other than an order of discharge or annulment.
1121:
mortgage or pledge any property to raise any money required for the proper administration of the bankruptcy without the sanction of the court;
3377:
2017:
1773:
528:
1100:
sell the property by public auction or private contract, with power to transfer the whole thereof to any person or to sell the same in lots;
794:
this is a transfer of property made in favour of a particular creditor, with a view to giving such a creditor priority over other creditors;
1688:
shortening the period of bankruptcy to 3 years (extensible to 8 on application to court based on non-co-operation or concealment of assets;
1149:"having regard to the interests of the creditors and of the spouse and dependents of the bankrupt as well as the circumstances of the case"
907:
687:
353:
930:
him/her, as he may select, not exceeding in value €3,100 or such further amount as the court on an application by the bankrupt may allow.
806:
where an individual leaves the state or his dwelling house and stays away with the intent of defeating, delaying or evading his creditors;
138:
1182:
COMI for an individual is where he conducts the administration of his interests on a regular basis and is ascertainable by third parties.
1437:
bankruptcy proceedings will undoubtedly follow so using voluntary arrangements under court control is a high risk strategy for a debtor.
2256:
However the court appears to retain a discretion to stay proceedings which are for instance oppressive or are an abuse of process. See
3658:
1093:
The functions of the OA are to get in and realise the property, to ascertain the debts and liabilities and to distribute the assets.
1411:
The agreement is binding on the participating creditor regardless of whether the other creditors have assented to the offer or not.
1015:
the debtor has 14 days after the service of summons within which to pay the sum or apply to court to have the summons dismissed; and
989:
the act of bankruptcy on which the petition is founded has occurred within three months before the presentation of the petition; and
174:
156:
101:
51:
1651:
It increases the period of time before adjudication in which dispositions may be deemed fraudulent or may be set aside to one year.
1419:
The requirements for a debtor to come to an arrangement with his creditors which is under the control of the court are as follows:
993:
said period has been, a member of a partnership which has carried on business in the state by means of a partner, agent or manager.
815:
if a debtor fails to comply with a debtors summons served pursuant to Section 21(6) of the Bankruptcy (Ireland) Amendment Act 1872.
3514:
2377:
1797:
It might be noted that insolvency is not a precondition to bankruptcy in Ireland and unwillingness to pay debts may suffice see:
1604:
1596:
979:
A creditor is entitled to present a petition for adjudication against a debtor, without having to give notice to the debtor, if:
250:
2904:
2730:
2385:
1677:
1615:
583:
2791:
963:
On adjudication of bankruptcy, creditors may not take action against the bankrupt's person or property without Court consent.
2674:
1274:
provision has been made to cover the costs. fees (of the OA) and expenses of the bankruptcy, the preferential creditors, and
1244:
Retain the security, value it and lodge a proof of debt for the difference between the estimated value and the debt due to it
553:
2725:
2352:
1902:
1502:
a composition can be paid by payment of cash within a certain time, payment in instalments or cash payment and instalments.
3307:
578:
573:
538:
230:
1051:
Petitions by debtors are relatively rare in Ireland. The most high profile debtor's petition in recent times was that of
2819:
819:
The most common act of bankruptcy is where a bankruptcy summons has been served on the debtor and he has failed to pay.
568:
1320:
The first applies in any case where in the opinion of the court, the debtor ought not to have been adjudicated bankrupt
803:
this is the transfer of property between persons with the intent to defraud creditors or potential creditors generally;
3653:
3327:
2498:
Section 85(1) of the Bankruptcy Act 1988 as substituted by s 30(h) of the Civil Law Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2011.
1623:
3597:
3352:
1599:
on 10 November 2011, the anniversary of the date on which he was declared bankrupt there. Former government minister
3524:
3612:
3564:
3439:
3434:
3244:
2507:
Section 85 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988 as substituted by s 30(h) of the Civil Law Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2011.
2056:
Section 57 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988, as amended by Section 57 of the Civil Law Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2011.
1648:
it allows the Revenue Commissioners to furnish information to the Official Assignee or a trustee in bankruptcy; and
1634:
bankruptcy will be automatically discharged after 12 years (it is estimated that this has terminated more than 300
781:
The following situations are considered to be acts of bankruptcy pursuant to section 7 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988:
2065:
Section 58 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988, as amended by Section 57 of the Civil Law Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2011
1664:
On 29 June 2012 the Irish Government published the text of the bill. The bill provides for, amongst other things:
997:
Service of the petition is effected by serving a copy of the petition on the debtor and showing him the original.
3569:
3399:
1125:
634:
523:
3574:
2148:
Section 18A of the Bankruptcy Act 1988 as inserted by s. 30 of the Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011
1622:
The government committed to reform personal insolvency law in a memorandum of understanding with the EU and the
1528:
Bankruptcy is, at present, relatively rarely used in Ireland. This can be partly explained by the prevalence of
831:
securing equality of distribution and to prevent any one creditor obtaining an unfair advantage over the others;
3499:
1462:
The court's grounds for refusal of consent for such an arrangement are broad. The court can refuse consent if:
680:
563:
548:
533:
518:
404:
3469:
3429:
3409:
3389:
3292:
3075:
2456:
1701:
extending the period in respect of which pre-adjudication fraudulent or under-value transactions will be void.
3602:
3404:
1280:
the bankrupt has obtain the consent in writing of all creditors whose debts have been admitted and proved; or
3622:
3607:
3554:
3484:
3479:
3454:
3312:
2996:
2963:
2768:
2289:
661:
651:
604:
492:
430:
281:
260:
3509:
3459:
3419:
3372:
3367:
3357:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3317:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3617:
3559:
3529:
3504:
3474:
3464:
3449:
3444:
3424:
3394:
3362:
3347:
3322:
3150:
2102:
849:
When a debtor is adjudicated bankrupt, the most notable effects on his personal situation are as follows:
798:
394:
3592:
3489:
3414:
3384:
2478:
1939:
1830:
1314:
Annulment involves cancellation of the bankruptcy and supposes that the bankruptcy was granted in error.
3519:
3282:
3237:
3123:
2873:
1584:
1362:
An arrangement is an agreement between the debtor and his creditors. An arrangement allows a debtor to:
1283:
the bankrupt enters a composition or arrangement with creditors which has been successfully carried out;
900:
789:
599:
497:
389:
373:
327:
306:
301:
3097:
3494:
710:
609:
215:
3648:
3643:
3534:
1052:
673:
543:
2630:"Bankruptcy Tourism: Why Foreign Companies And Individuals Are Choosing To Go Bankrupt in Britain"
1234:
has 3 options available to it where the individual who granted the security is adjudged bankrupt.
1031:
The bankrupt can appeal the order but if there is no appeal then the adjudication is published in
2163:
2158:
1816:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1529:
1499:
court approval. The court summons meetings, under the auspices of a court official, the Examiner;
629:
420:
337:
1366:
settle outstanding debts by paying a proportion of the amount that he owed to his creditors; and
2112:
Section 129(1) of the Bankruptcy Act 1988 as amended by the Euro Changeover (Amounts) Act 2001.
1451:
particulars of expenses, fees, costs, preferential payments, dividend payable to creditors; and
1171:
COMI is a concept introduced by the EU Insolvency Regulation which states that a person's COMI
906:
until the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2014, undischarged bankrupts were not eligible to stand in
3145:
2373:
2191:
2101:
Section 183 of the Companies Act 1963 as substituted by Section 169 of the Companies Act 1990
2013:
1769:
1032:
736:
656:
639:
624:
471:
399:
291:
240:
2121:
See the statute establishing any specific body where the bankrupt is or may become involved.
2047:
Section 44 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988 subject to certain exceptions set out in s 45 thereof.
1592:
1231:
1219:
1128:
to any estate on the administration of which the bankrupt or arranging debtor would benefit;
1056:
860:
the bankrupt must disclose to the OA any property acquired after being adjudicated bankrupt;
466:
435:
332:
296:
3137:
2886:
2843:
2284:
451:
235:
2862:
2702:"The bankruptcy dodgers – the laws causing Irish companies in danger to head for the UK"
1433:
only creditors who have debts of at least €30 will be entitled to vote at such a sitting,
1386:
these proceedings are more expedient as bankruptcy proceedings tend to take a long time;
1277:
all other creditors have been paid in full, including any interest allowed by the court;
887:
the bankrupt cannot obtain credit over €650 without disclosing his status as a bankrupt;
2796:
2652:"Written answers from the Minister for Justice and Equality to members of Dáil Eireann"
1608:
717:
2394:
1976:
1887:
1872:
3637:
2542:"extremely compelling reasons are required before such an application would succeed."
966:
However, a secured creditor can realise its security separately from the bankruptcy.
890:
the bankrupt is restricted from participation in a range of bodies set up by statute;
368:
1668:
three new non-judicial debt resolution mechanisms to deal with personal insolvency:
1241:
Surrender the security held and lodge a proof of debt for the entire amount due; or
983:
the debt owing by the debtor to the petitioning creditor amounts to €1,900 or more;
725:
265:
245:
1111:
institute, continue or defend any proceedings relating to the bankrupt's property,
3018:
2735:
1698:
repealing the provisions relating to court supervised schemes of arrangement; and
1214:
In a significant judgment on 10 January 2012 the High Court in Belfast held that
1185:
It can be the professional centre of business rather than the habitual residence.
1096:
In the performance of his functions the OA shall, in particular, have powers to:
3070:
2991:
2958:
2763:
2451:
1588:
1532:
which allows people to avail of less stringent bankruptcy laws outside Ireland.
1495:
the arrangement requires consent of 60% in value and 60% in number of creditors
1326:
creditor(s) have not complied with any of the Creditor's Petition requirements.
1115:
1067:
The bankrupt is obliged (pursuant to section 19 of the Bankruptcy Act 1998) to:
721:
425:
255:
2863:"Interim Report on Personal Debt Management and Debt Enforcement (LRC 96-2010)"
1600:
1267:
Obtaining a discharge earlier than 12 years requires an application to court.
1222:. Accordingly, he now faces a bankruptcy petition in the Republic of Ireland.
1215:
701:
645:
220:
190:
1188:
COMI can be moved but there needs to be an element of permanence to the move.
2139:
Section 30(h) of the Civil (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011 is commenced.
1000:
The following additional steps are required prior to presenting a petition:
363:
3019:"Minister Shatter publishes Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill 2011"
1303:
the court is satisfied that it is reasonable and proper to grant discharge.
2901:"Press release re:Report on Personal Debt Management and Debt Enforcement"
1300:
the court is satisfied that all after acquired property was disclosed; and
853:
all the debtor's assets and property vest automatically in the OA but see
2420:"Judgment in Irish Bank Resolution Corporation Ltd v John Ignatius Quinn"
1426:
once 60% of the creditors in value and number have accepted the proposal
1353:
new evidence comes to light which could not have been cited on an appeal.
1134:
agree the charges of accountants, auctioneers, brokers and other persons;
1081:
give every reasonable assistance in the administration of the estate; and
946:
461:
322:
286:
1922:
US House of Representatives debate on a bankruptcy bill 1818, quoted in
3229:
1369:
come to an arrangement with his creditors over the payment of his debts
1218:
who had interests on both sides of the border did not have his COMI in
1124:
take out in his official name without being required to give security,
953:
903:
are obliged to provide information on request to the Official Assignee.
732:
3064:
Pope, Conor; Carswell, Simon; de Bréadún, Deaglán (26 January 2012).
619:
2378:"A New Role for Secondary Proceedings in International Bankruptcies"
2342:, IRLM Finlay P., 380 at 384 (High Court 1983).
1084:
disclose any property acquired after his adjudication in bankruptcy.
2214:"Electoral (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill 2014: Second Stage (Continued)"
952:
The proceeds of execution of a Court order must be retained by the
874:
the bankrupt's salary is likely to be attached in favour of the OA;
754:
129:
provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
2187:"Law change will overturn ban on bankrupts running for Dail seats"
1888:"The European Communities (Corporate Insolvency) Regulations 2002"
1873:"The European Communities (Personal Insolvency) Regulations 2002"
1178:
The essential elements of the COMI principles are set out below.
1977:"Bankruptcy Act 1988 (Alteration of Monetary Limits) Order 2000"
1261:
Discharge frees the debtor from all pre-bankruptcy liabilities.
871:
affairs or property of the bankrupt may be summonsed by a Court;
456:
3233:
809:
where an individual files a declaration of insolvency in court;
3066:"Debt and bankruptcy relief plan to benefit 30,000 homeowners"
2130:
Section 30(h) of the Civil (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011
1488:
The features of a post-bankruptcy arrangement are as follows:
113:
58:
17:
1685:
significant amendments to the Bankruptcy Act 1988 including:
1813:
The principal provisions governing Irish bankruptcy law are:
1661:
bill was expected to be published by the end of April 2012.
1441:
The role of the OA is to present to the Court for approval:
880:
certain of the bankrupt's post may be re-directed to the OA;
197:
1940:"Part 7 of the Civil Law Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2011"
1831:"Part 7 of the Civil Law Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2011"
1346:
The Court can rescind an adjudication of bankruptcy where:
1118:
under the terms of section 11 of the Arbitration Act, 1954;
1392:
the debtor avoids the publicity of bankruptcy proceedings;
3224:
2928:"Government risks missing IMF deadline on insolvency law"
3220:
Money Advice and Budgeting Service leaflet on bankruptcy
1691:
raising the threshold of debt for bankruptcy to €20,000;
2954:"Bankruptcy law reform to be included in Bill 'A' list"
2353:"EC regulation No. 1346/2000 on insolvency proceedings"
1903:"EC regulation No. 1346/2000 on insolvency proceedings"
1448:
a copy of the relevant account of the arranging debtor;
896:
after twelve years the bankrupt will be discharged; and
134:
79:
2447:"Quinn bankruptcy case set for Dublin court on Monday"
1974:
Amended from £1,500 in the Bankruptcy Act 1988 by the
3213:
2037:, Dublin: The Stationery Office, p. 45, Prl 2714
1964:, Dublin: The Stationery Office, p. 55, Prl 2714
1803:, Dublin: The Stationery Office, p. 30, Prl 2714
1469:
the debtor's conduct had been commercially unfair; or
1395:
the debtor retains more control over the process; and
827:
Bankruptcy law is aimed at achieving the following.:
3172:"Final Stage Debate on the Personal Insolvency Bill"
1476:
and may refuse to approve on certain other grounds.
1445:
a list of creditors admitted by him or by the court;
735:
of all of the bankrupt's assets and property in the
3583:
3545:
3265:
2820:"Irish dodge debts through UK 'bankruptcy tourism'"
2477:Schedule 1 Paragraph 24 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988
1350:
there is a relevant change in the circumstances, or
709:in Irish Law is a legal process, supervised by the
74:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
3040:"Draft General Scheme of Personal Insolvency Bill"
2601:Pursuant to section 38 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
2540:, 1 IR, 434 (Supreme Court 2003).
2280:"FitzPatrick declared bankrupt at his own request"
1466:the proposals are unfair on the opposing minority;
2839:"Bankruptcy in Britain still an option for Irish"
2792:"Yates may move to Swansea to declare bankruptcy"
2422:. Northern Ireland Courts Service. Archived from
1089:Appointment of an official assignee in bankruptcy
893:after five years the bankrupt may be discharged;
2574:Section 5 of the Deeds of Arrangement Act 1887.
2565:Section 6 of the Deeds of Arrangement Act 1887.
1317:There are basically two grounds for annulment.
1063:Duties of the bankrupt to the official assignee
2868:. The Law Reform Commission. 16 December 2010.
2525:Sections 16 and 85 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
1845:"Order 76 of the Rules of the Superior Courts"
1270:A court will order a discharge/release where:
3245:
3201:Courts Service information page on bankruptcy
1382:Reasons for considering this option include:
1114:refer any dispute concerning the property to
986:the debt is a liquidated sum (a sum certain);
681:
8:
3214:Money Advice and Budgeting Service (Ireland)
1454:his report on the realisation of the estate.
728:are used to deal with corporate insolvency.
2903:. The Law Reform Commission. Archived from
1996:It is important to note in the decision of
1934:
1932:
1607:regime. One UK-based insolvency solicitor,
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3252:
3238:
3230:
2759:"John Fleming released from UK bankruptcy"
1292:the creditors have been paid at least 50%;
1253:There are 3 ways to terminate bankruptcy.
688:
674:
186:
1407:Effect of the arrangement on the creditor
175:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
102:Learn how and when to remove this message
86:, without removing the technical details.
2790:O'Doherty, Caroline (30 December 2011).
2724:O'Mahony, Proinsias (11 November 2011).
1534:
3216:– A free non-commercial advice service.
3196:Citizens Information page on Bankruptcy
2987:"Cautious welcome for proposal on debt"
2220:. Oireachtas. 10 April 2014. p. 17
1747:
1506:The bankruptcy may be discharged when:
1249:Discharge and termination of bankruptcy
720:. Other insolvency processes including
591:
510:
479:
443:
412:
381:
345:
314:
273:
207:
189:
2882:
2871:
2619:Section 41 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
2610:Section 39 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
2592:Section 87 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
2489:Sanfey and Holohan at paragraph 12–27.
2310:Section 61 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
2092:Section 72 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
2083:Section 71 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
2074:Section 65 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988.
854:
716:Bankruptcy in Ireland applies only to
2757:O'Halloran, Barry (5 November 2011).
2675:"Ireland turns to bankruptcy tourism"
2516:Section 41 of the Bankruptcy Act 1988
1900:These regulations give effect to the
1519:direct and the preferential payments.
139:providing more context for the reader
84:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
3208:Bankruptcy and the Official Assignee
2673:O'Carroll, Lisa (18 February 2011).
2552:Sanfey & Holohan, section 16-26
1764:Sanfey, Mark; Holohan, Bill (2010).
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
823:Objectives of bankruptcy legislation
768:An act of bankruptcy is defined as:
2726:"Fleming to emerge from bankruptcy"
2008:Curran, Colman (31 December 2009).
1583:In the wake of the bursting of the
1575:Recent reform and further proposals
1389:the cost involved are usually less;
2985:O'Halloran, Barry (25 June 2011).
2837:Hennessy, Mark (11 January 2013).
2583:Sanfey and Holohan, section 16-28.
14:
2926:Weston, Charlie (11 April 2011).
1472:it is not a bona-fide arrangement
1398:the debtor may continue to trade.
970:Initiating the bankruptcy process
761:When bankruptcy arises in Ireland
33:This article has multiple issues.
2952:McGee, Harry (12 January 2012).
2537:Gill v Phillip O'Reilly & Co
2159:"Electoral (Amendment) Act 2014"
1678:Personal Insolvency Arrangements
1415:Arrangements under court control
1226:Secured creditors and bankruptcy
118:
63:
22:
3120:"Personal Insolvency Bill 2012"
3098:"Personal Insolvency Bill 2012"
2818:McDonald, Henry (27 May 2012).
2445:Keena, Colm (11 January 2012).
2386:Texas International Law Journal
2035:Bankruptcy Law Committee Report
1962:Bankruptcy Law Committee Report
1801:Bankruptcy Law Committee Report
41:or discuss these issues on the
3138:"Personal Insolvency Act 2012"
3122:. 30 June 2012. Archived from
2288:. 13 July 2010. Archived from
2238:Bankruptcy Act 1988 section 11
2185:Downing, John (2 April 2014).
1724:Deeds of Arrangement Act, 1887
1142:Bankruptcy and the family home
1:
3225:Insolvency Service of Ireland
2328:Sanfey and Holohan, Chapter 9
840:punishing fraudulent debtors.
1926:5 Am. L. Times Rep. 122 1873
1734:Personal Insolvency Act 2012
1674:Debt Settlement Arrangements
1480:Post-Bankruptcy arrangements
797:where an individual makes a
788:where an individual makes a
3206:Courts Service publication
2012:. Round Hall. p. 159.
1766:Bankruptcy Law and Practice
1656:New Personal Insolvency Act
1624:International Monetary Fund
845:Legal effects of bankruptcy
3675:
1768:(2 ed.). Round Hall.
1591:former chief executive of
1163:protect such an interest.
699:
3659:Insolvency law by country
2534:Per the Supreme Court in
1817:"The Bankruptcy Act 1988"
1126:letters of administration
941:Suspension of enforcement
635:History of bankruptcy law
1167:Centre of main interests
1042:
974:
405:Voidable floating charge
652:Pre-packaged insolvency
605:Bankruptcy alternatives
493:Cross-border insolvency
431:Trading while insolvent
282:Insolvency practitioner
261:Provisional liquidation
3308:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3151:Office of Public Works
2881:Cite journal requires
2010:Debt Recovery Handbook
2002:, Unreported
1924:United States v. Pusey
1536:Bankruptcy statistics
1374:Voluntary arrangements
799:fraudulent disposition
395:Undervalue transaction
202:
2393:: 579. Archived from
1616:Law Reform Commission
1585:Irish property bubble
1055:, former chairman of
901:Revenue Commissioners
790:fraudulent preference
600:Anti-deprivation rule
498:Insolvency Regulation
390:Fraudulent conveyance
374:Scheme of arrangement
328:Preferential creditor
307:Trustee in bankruptcy
302:Referee in Bankruptcy
201:
3260:Bankruptcy in Europe
2218:Dáil Éireann debates
1729:Bankruptcy Act, 1988
1597:bankruptcy in the UK
1544:Total adjudications
1023:Hearing the petition
3546:States with limited
3126:on 2 November 2012.
2771:on 11 November 2011
1671:Debt Relief Notices
1636:legacy bankruptcies
1537:
1330:Order for annulment
975:Creditor's petition
354:Administration (UK)
135:improve the article
3654:Irish business law
3078:on 26 January 2012
2999:on 24 October 2012
2966:on 12 January 2012
2632:. 24 November 2012
2459:on 11 January 2012
2426:on 14 January 2012
2292:on 9 February 2011
2164:Irish Statute Book
1999:Harrahill v. Cuddy
1859:"S.I. 120 of 2012"
1856:as substituted by
1718:Irish Statute Book
1535:
1530:Bankruptcy tourism
945:Once a bankruptcy
777:Acts of bankruptcy
630:Financial distress
503:UNCITRAL Model Law
421:Fraudulent trading
338:Unsecured creditor
203:
3631:
3630:
3045:. 24 January 2012
2932:Irish Independent
2851:on 11 April 2013.
2731:The Southern Star
2400:on 2 October 2011
2374:John A. E. Pottow
2192:Irish Independent
2033:Budd, J. (1972),
2019:978-1-85800-536-2
1960:Budd, J. (1972),
1799:Budd, J. (1972),
1775:978-1-85800-574-4
1572:
1571:
1257:Discharge/release
1043:Debtor's petition
925:Excepted articles
855:excepted articles
737:Official Assignee
698:
697:
657:Sovereign default
640:List of bankrupts
610:Creditors' rights
472:Security interest
400:Unfair preference
382:Avoidance regimes
292:Regulatory agency
185:
184:
177:
167:
166:
159:
112:
111:
104:
56:
3666:
3584:Dependencies and
3525:Northern Ireland
3266:Sovereign states
3254:
3247:
3240:
3231:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3074:. Archived from
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2995:. Archived from
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2962:. Archived from
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2847:. Archived from
2834:
2828:
2827:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2767:. Archived from
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2738:on 25 April 2012
2734:. Archived from
2721:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2455:. Archived from
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2382:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1761:
1593:Anglo Irish Bank
1538:
1232:secured creditor
1220:Northern Ireland
1057:Anglo Irish Bank
1053:Seán FitzPatrick
690:
683:
676:
467:Second lien loan
436:Wrongful trading
333:Secured creditor
187:
180:
173:
162:
155:
151:
148:
142:
122:
121:
114:
107:
100:
96:
93:
87:
67:
66:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3585:
3579:
3565:Northern Cyprus
3547:
3541:
3440:North Macedonia
3261:
3258:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2880:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2844:The Irish Times
2836:
2835:
2831:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2707:
2705:
2704:. LegalWeek.com
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2654:. 23 April 2013
2650:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2285:The Irish Times
2278:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2258:McGinn v Beagan
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1763:
1762:
1749:
1744:
1714:
1658:
1577:
1526:
1482:
1417:
1409:
1376:
1360:
1341:
1332:
1321:
1312:
1259:
1251:
1228:
1169:
1144:
1091:
1065:
1045:
1025:
977:
972:
943:
927:
912:local elections
847:
825:
802:
793:
779:
763:
718:natural persons
704:
694:
488:Chapter 15 (US)
452:Floating charge
359:Chapter 11 (US)
236:Conservatorship
181:
170:
169:
168:
163:
152:
146:
143:
132:
123:
119:
108:
97:
91:
88:
80:help improve it
77:
68:
64:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3636:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3586:other entities
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3515:United Kingdom
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Czech Republic
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3190:External links
3188:
3185:
3184:
3163:
3146:Iris Oifigiúil
3129:
3111:
3100:. 29 June 2012
3089:
3056:
3031:
3010:
2977:
2944:
2918:
2907:on 9 July 2011
2892:
2883:|journal=
2854:
2829:
2810:
2797:Irish Examiner
2782:
2749:
2716:
2700:Cahir, Barry.
2692:
2665:
2643:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2545:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2470:
2437:
2411:
2365:
2344:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2271:
2262:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2205:
2177:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2025:
2018:
1989:
1967:
1952:
1928:
1915:
1828:as amended by
1806:
1790:
1781:
1774:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1609:Steve Thatcher
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1403:make it void.
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1227:
1224:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1168:
1165:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1064:
1061:
1059:in July 2010.
1044:
1041:
1033:Iris Oifigiúil
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
995:
994:
990:
987:
984:
976:
973:
971:
968:
942:
939:
926:
923:
916:
915:
904:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
881:
878:
875:
872:
868:
865:
861:
858:
846:
843:
842:
841:
838:
835:
832:
824:
821:
817:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
795:
786:
778:
775:
762:
759:
755:further reform
700:Main article:
696:
695:
693:
692:
685:
678:
670:
667:
666:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
615:Chapter 9 (US)
612:
607:
602:
594:
593:
589:
588:
587:
586:
581:
579:United Kingdom
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
513:
512:
508:
507:
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
482:
481:
477:
476:
475:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
446:
445:
441:
440:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
415:
414:
410:
409:
408:
407:
402:
397:
392:
384:
383:
379:
378:
377:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
348:
347:
343:
342:
341:
340:
335:
330:
325:
317:
316:
312:
311:
310:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
276:
275:
271:
270:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
226:Chapter 7 (US)
223:
218:
216:Administration
210:
209:
205:
204:
194:
193:
183:
182:
165:
164:
126:
124:
117:
110:
109:
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3671:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:Faroe Islands
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:South Ossetia
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3544:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Liechtenstein
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3057:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3020:
3014:
3011:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2945:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2875:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2811:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2783:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2666:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1990:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1904:
1889:
1874:
1860:
1846:
1832:
1818:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1697:
1695:arrangements;
1693:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1192:jurisdiction.
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
998:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
980:
969:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
950:
948:
940:
938:
935:
931:
924:
922:
919:
913:
909:
905:
902:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
882:
879:
876:
873:
869:
866:
862:
859:
856:
852:
851:
850:
844:
839:
836:
833:
830:
829:
828:
822:
820:
814:
811:
808:
805:
800:
796:
791:
787:
784:
783:
782:
776:
774:
773:
769:
766:
760:
758:
756:
750:
747:
744:
740:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
703:
691:
686:
684:
679:
677:
672:
671:
669:
668:
663:
662:Subordination
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
647:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
596:
595:
590:
585:
584:United States
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
515:
514:
509:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
483:
480:International
478:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
447:
442:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
417:
416:
411:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
380:
375:
372:
370:
369:Restructuring
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
350:
349:
346:Restructuring
344:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
318:
313:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
272:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
206:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
179:
176:
161:
158:
150:
140:
136:
130:
127:This article
125:
116:
115:
106:
103:
95:
85:
81:
75:
72:This article
70:
61:
60:
55:
53:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
3575:Transnistria
3207:
3175:. Retrieved
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3144:
3132:
3124:the original
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3076:the original
3069:
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:the original
2990:
2980:
2968:. Retrieved
2964:the original
2957:
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2905:the original
2895:
2874:cite journal
2857:
2849:the original
2842:
2832:
2824:The Guardian
2823:
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2795:
2785:
2773:. Retrieved
2769:the original
2762:
2752:
2740:. Retrieved
2736:the original
2729:
2719:
2706:. Retrieved
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2679:The Guardian
2678:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2473:
2461:. Retrieved
2457:the original
2450:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2395:the original
2390:
2384:
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2347:
2338:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2290:the original
2283:
2274:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2190:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2009:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1970:
1961:
1955:
1945:21 September
1943:. Retrieved
1923:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1891:. Retrieved
1876:. Retrieved
1862:. Retrieved
1848:. Retrieved
1836:21 September
1834:. Retrieved
1820:. Retrieved
1809:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1765:
1708:mechanisms.
1706:
1663:
1659:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1582:
1578:
1527:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1461:
1457:
1440:
1427:
1418:
1410:
1401:
1381:
1377:
1361:
1358:Arrangements
1345:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1252:
1229:
1213:
1204:transaction.
1196:proceedings.
1177:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1095:
1092:
1066:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1030:
1026:
999:
996:
978:
965:
962:
959:
951:
944:
936:
932:
928:
920:
917:
848:
826:
818:
780:
771:
770:
767:
764:
751:
748:
745:
741:
730:
726:examinership
715:
706:
705:
644:
569:South Africa
558:
266:Receivership
246:Examinership
171:
153:
144:
133:Please help
128:
98:
89:
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
3613:Isle of Man
3548:recognition
3500:Switzerland
3435:Netherlands
3177:27 December
3071:Irish Times
2992:Irish Times
2959:Irish Times
2775:12 November
2764:Irish Times
2742:12 November
2636:13 February
2452:Irish Times
2339:C.P. v D.P.
1589:David Drumm
1116:arbitration
910:other than
722:liquidation
574:Switzerland
426:Misfeasance
256:Liquidation
241:Dissolution
3649:Insolvency
3644:Bankruptcy
3638:Categories
3470:San Marino
3430:Montenegro
3410:Luxembourg
3390:Kazakhstan
3293:Azerbaijan
3082:26 January
3049:26 January
2970:12 January
2463:11 January
2430:11 January
2404:9 November
2004:ex tempore
1742:References
1605:bankruptcy
1601:Ivan Yates
1524:Statistics
1216:Sean Quinn
711:High Court
707:Bankruptcy
702:Bankruptcy
646:Pari passu
511:By country
297:Liquidator
221:Bankruptcy
191:Insolvency
38:improve it
3603:Gibraltar
3405:Lithuania
3156:3 January
2826:. London.
2803:4 January
2658:12 August
2260:I.R. 364.
1515:payments;
1511:payments;
1339:Recission
1310:Annulment
1008:expenses;
908:elections
549:Hong Kong
524:Australia
364:Cram down
315:Claimants
274:Officials
208:Processes
147:July 2013
92:July 2013
44:talk page
3623:Svalbard
3608:Guernsey
3555:Abkhazia
3530:Scotland
3485:Slovenia
3480:Slovakia
3455:Portugal
3313:Bulgaria
2681:. London
2376:(2011).
1864:16 April
1147:section
947:petition
884:Ireland;
519:Anguilla
462:Mortgage
444:Security
413:Offences
323:Creditor
287:Tribunal
3520:England
3510:Ukraine
3460:Romania
3420:Moldova
3378:Ireland
3373:Iceland
3368:Hungary
3358:Germany
3353:Georgia
3343:Finland
3338:Estonia
3333:Denmark
3318:Croatia
3303:Belgium
3298:Belarus
3288:Austria
3283:Armenia
3278:Andorra
3273:Albania
3024:25 June
3003:25 June
2937:15 June
2554:eq seq.
1712:Sources
1104:liable;
1072:person;
954:Sheriff
733:vesting
625:Default
559:Ireland
78:Please
3618:Jersey
3560:Kosovo
3505:Turkey
3495:Sweden
3475:Serbia
3465:Russia
3450:Poland
3445:Norway
3425:Monaco
3395:Latvia
3363:Greece
3348:France
3323:Cyprus
3104:2 July
2911:22 May
2708:26 May
2685:22 May
2358:21 May
2296:22 May
2016:
1982:21 May
1908:21 May
1893:21 May
1878:21 May
1850:21 May
1822:21 May
1772:
1645:year);
1200:costs.
864:Court;
857:below;
620:Debtor
564:Russia
539:Cayman
534:Canada
3593:Åland
3535:Wales
3490:Spain
3415:Malta
3385:Italy
3141:(PDF)
3043:(PDF)
2866:(PDF)
2398:(PDF)
2381:(PDF)
2224:7 May
2198:7 May
2170:7 May
1680:; and
592:Other
554:India
544:China
3179:2012
3158:2013
3106:2012
3084:2012
3051:2012
3026:2011
3005:2011
2972:2012
2939:2011
2913:2011
2887:help
2805:2012
2777:2011
2744:2011
2710:2011
2687:2011
2660:2013
2638:2014
2465:2012
2432:2012
2406:2011
2360:2011
2298:2011
2226:2014
2200:2014
2172:2014
2014:ISBN
1984:2011
1947:2011
1910:2011
1895:2011
1884:and
1880:2011
1866:2012
1852:2011
1838:2011
1824:2011
1770:ISBN
1614:The
1565:2012
1557:2011
1549:2010
1541:Year
899:the
724:and
457:Lien
1568:35
1560:33
1552:29
1497:and
1428:and
1012:it;
529:BVI
251:IVA
231:CVA
137:by
82:to
3640::
3149:.
3143:.
3068:.
2989:.
2956:.
2930:.
2878::
2876:}}
2872:{{
2841:.
2822:.
2794:.
2761:.
2728:.
2677:.
2449:.
2391:46
2389:.
2383:.
2282:.
2216:.
2189:.
2161:.
1931:^
1750:^
1720::
1638:);
1230:A
1175:.
1151:.
757:.
47:.
3253:e
3246:t
3239:v
3181:.
3160:.
3108:.
3086:.
3053:.
3028:.
3007:.
2974:.
2941:.
2915:.
2889:)
2885:(
2807:.
2779:.
2746:.
2712:.
2689:.
2662:.
2640:.
2556:.
2480:.
2467:.
2434:.
2408:.
2362:.
2300:.
2228:.
2202:.
2174:.
2022:.
1986:.
1949:.
1912:.
1897:.
1882:;
1868:;
1854:,
1840:;
1826:,
1778:.
914:.
801:—
792:—
689:e
682:t
675:v
178:)
172:(
160:)
154:(
149:)
145:(
141:.
131:.
105:)
99:(
94:)
90:(
76:.
54:)
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
