1909:
1882:
259:
82:
31:
57:
1038:
1141:
As it lacks a lignotuber, this species is killed by fire. However, fire also triggers the release of seed from the follicles, so populations regenerate well after fire. Seeds do not require any treatment and take 17 to 54 days to
2237:
1902:
1669:
1809:
Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.; Gove, Aaron D.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Dunn, Robert R. (2008). "Climate change, plant migration, and range collapse in a global biodiversity hotspot: the
1723:
1231:
1778:
Wooller, Ronald D.; Richardson, K. C.; Collins, B.G. (1993). "The relationship between nectar supply and the rate of capture of a nectar-dependent small marsupial
501:
2129:
519:
673:
459:
1875:
1719:
2222:
2227:
2077:
2232:
2056:
1266:
339:
species they are not upright but hang down. After flowering, old flowers persist on the infructescences, giving them a hairy appearance.
1419:
1360:
360:
300:
249:
2242:
1762:
1699:
1274:
81:
1580:
Mast, Austin R.; Jones, Eric H.; Havery, Shawn P. (2005). "An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of
1168:
on this species found that its range is likely to contract between 30% and 80% by 2080, depending on the severity of the change.
2103:
1085:
1150:
1720:"Revision of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) and Development of Version 5.1 - Summary Report"
363:. Brown labelled this specimen "Banksia nutans", and later collected another specimen of the same species that he labelled "
908:
416:
1460:
1364:
1310:
1089:
323:. Its bark peels in thin red and grey flakes. Leaves are 10 to 2 centimetres long and 0.5 to 1.5 millimetres long, on a
1999:
1986:
1924:
1869:
1340:
1257:
1101:
1065:
660:
1017:
was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then
370:
The species was published by Brown in 1810 and has since had an unremarkable taxonomic history. Its only synonym is
2168:
2134:
1543:
1069:
897:
778:
400:
967:
1165:
1057:
1000:
528:, he discarded Meissner's series, placing all the species with hooked styles together in a section that he named
1860:
766:
742:
530:
190:
2173:
1731:
1727:
977:
927:
754:
954:, which suggest a phylogeny that is very greatly different from George's arrangement. Mast's results place
292:. Growing to a metre (3 ft) tall, it has pale blue-green fine-leaved foliage and unusual purple-brown
1939:
1252:
791:
729:
538:
510:
426:
206:
2004:
1715:
1225:
1209:
1130:
717:
705:
684:
was restored to George's 1981 circumscription, and all of Thiele and
Ladiges' subseries were abandoned.
648:
550:
304:
233:
174:
2025:
1822:
1290:
804:
614:, and so retained. It further resolved into four subclades, so Thiele and Ladiges split it into four
595:
1977:
1498:; Proteaceae) based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography".
1403:
833:
524:
46:
1119:
2194:
2064:
2051:
1838:
1061:
826:
76:
61:
2069:
672:
Thiele and
Ladiges' arrangement was not accepted by George, and was largely discarded by him in
258:
2121:
303:
in the early 19th century. It is not commonly seen in cultivation. Readily grown in areas with
2142:
2012:
1758:
1695:
1689:
1562:
1526:
1428:
1270:
1053:
876:
848:
812:
487:
283:
30:
2147:
1830:
1791:
1632:
1597:
1552:
1507:
1469:
1372:
1262:
1204:
1112:
883:
869:
855:
644:
438:
410:
324:
1451:
1186:
587:
119:
1908:
1881:
307:, its sensitivity to dieback makes it short-lived in climates of summer humidity such as
2160:
1826:
16:
Species of shrub in the family
Proteaceae native to the south coast of Western Australia
2155:
2043:
1888:
1795:
1684:
1655:
1394:
947:
862:
841:
819:
515:
327:
two to three millimetres long. Flowers are pinkish-purple in bud, purplish-brown after
106:
1407:. Vol. 5: Myoporineae to Proteaceae. London: L. Reeve & Co. pp. 541–562.
1076:
is not known to occur there. There are also some outlying populations: populations of
602:. They retained George's subgenera and many of his series but discarded his sections.
2216:
2116:
1915:
1834:
1356:
1331:
1195:
493:
468:
293:
66:
1842:
1111:, in white or grey sand, or in gravel. The majority of populations occur within the
1072:
and Cape Pasley. The intervening area has been largely cleared for agriculture, and
2199:
1447:
1154:
1115:
583:
2017:
1991:
1037:
335:. They occur in flower spikes from four to seven centimetres long; unusually for
2090:
1971:
1487:
1143:
943:
375:
1962:
1123:
951:
591:
320:
152:
2038:
1897:
1664:
1404:
Flora
Australiensis: A Description of the Plants of the Australian Territory
1306:
1126:
1010:
615:
611:
482:
356:
142:
2186:
1566:
1557:
1530:
1107:
The species grows in depressions, especially amongst consolidated coastal
296:
which hang upside down rather than grow upright like most other banksias.
2181:
1956:
1755:
Australian seeds: a guide to their collection, identification and biology
1261:. Vol. 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra. Collingwood, Victoria:
995:
640:
328:
132:
966:; its nearest outgroup is a clade consisting of the members of Thiele's
2082:
1013:. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of
697:
380:
288:
162:
2095:
1473:
1153:
found it to be the main summertime food source for the nectar-feeding
1596:(1). CSIRO Publishing / Australian Systematic Botany Society: 75–88.
1531:"Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in
308:
1933:
1636:
1601:
1511:
1369:
Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, pars decima quarta
2108:
1303:
Robert Brown's
Australian Botanical Specimens, 1801–1805 at the BM
1036:
332:
257:
93:
1064:. There are two main centres of distribution: between Albany and
2030:
1929:. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
1345:. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
1108:
1937:
1045:, shown on a map of Western Australia's biogeographic regions.
472:, the "true banksias", because its inflorescence is a typical
958:
at a substantial phyletic distance from the other members of
946:
has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of
989:
Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of
691:
in George's 1999 arrangement may be summarised as follows:
299:
It is one of many banksias first described by the botanist
514:
because of its entire leaves with revolute margins. When
1903:
1670:
1615:
Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of
1490:(1998). "Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae (
429:. It has a shorter perianth and smaller follicles than
1694:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
559:
and was divided into three sections, one of which was
282:, is a species of shrub native to the south coast of
319:
It grows as a shrub up to one metre tall, without a
1946:
1210:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T112527890A113306676.en
618:. One subclade contained only the two varieties of
534:. This arrangement would stand for over a century.
1371:. Paris: Sumptibus Victoris Masson. Archived from
1724:Department of the Environment and Water Resources
1650:
1648:
1646:
726:(9 series, 50 species, 9 subspecies, 3 varieties)
567:was further divided into four series. Meissner's
2238:Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
378:as part of his unsuccessful attempt to transfer
1753:Sweedman, Luke; Merritt, David, eds. (2006).
1255:(1999). "Banksia". In Wilson, Annette (ed.).
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
8:
1692:(Australian Flora and Fauna Series Number 8)
1539:(Proteaceae) based on their cpDNA phylogeny"
1230:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1118:region, a region predominantly vegetated by
1934:
1907:
1880:
1876:Department of the Environment and Heritage
647:, and the wrinkled follicles. The nearest
55:
29:
20:
1556:
1208:
541:published a new taxonomic arrangement of
504:, and divided it into four series, with
1177:
374:(R.Br.) Kuntze, which was published by
1223:
1185:Barrett, S. & Keith, D.A. (2020).
1084:have been recorded in the vicinity of
763:(7 species, 2 subspecies, 4 varieties)
1267:Australian Biological Resources Study
622:, and this clade became the basis of
441:are usually smooth, whereas those of
7:
1813:(Proteaceae) of Western Australia".
639:pendent inflorescences, the fragile
575:was reinstated for one of them, and
1196:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
659:was the clade upon which was based
632:, which Thiele defined in terms of
413:that encompasses the type material.
1796:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02662.x
14:
1757:. CSIRO Publishing. p. 203.
1454:(1996). "A cladistic analysis of
1009:for the taxa having spoon-shaped
2223:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2174:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:703147-1
1901:. Western Australian Government
1835:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01559.x
1668:. Western Australian Government
80:
2228:Banksia taxa by scientific name
1164:An assessment of the potential
1052:grows along the south coast of
1151:Fitzgerald River National Park
1:
2233:Eudicots of Western Australia
1149:A 1985-86 field study in the
579:was placed at the end of it.
460:Brown's taxonomic arrangement
1625:Australian Systematic Botany
1590:Australian Systematic Botany
1500:Australian Systematic Botany
1461:Australian Systematic Botany
1311:Western Australian Herbarium
1090:Western Australian Herbarium
610:was found to be very nearly
1925:Australian Plant Name Index
1784:Journal of Zoology (London)
1341:Australian Plant Name Index
590:published the results of a
2259:
1544:American Journal of Botany
1203:: e.T112527890A113306676.
1418:George, Alex S. (1981). "
425:was published in 1981 by
396:There are two varieties:
355:was first collected from
239:
232:
77:Scientific classification
75:
53:
44:
37:
28:
23:
2243:Plants described in 1810
1878:, Australian Government.
1166:impact of climate change
1033:Distribution and habitat
999:into it, and publishing
384:to the new generic name
502:his 1856 classification
466:was placed in subgenus
1046:
950:data for the subtribe
454:Infrageneric placement
305:Mediterranean climates
270:
1927:(APNI), IBIS database
1815:Global Change Biology
1728:Australian Government
1716:Environment Australia
1558:10.3732/ajb.89.8.1311
1343:(APNI), IBIS database
1131:Mediterranean climate
1040:
500:to sectional rank in
359:on 1 January 1802 by
261:
39:Banksia nutans nutans
1623:L.f. (Proteaceae)".
1375:on 27 September 2007
1269:. pp. 175–251.
805:B. sphaerocarpa
674:his 1999 arrangement
520:his 1870 arrangement
449:tend to be wrinkled.
348:Discovery and naming
278:, commonly known as
1827:2008GCBio..14.1337F
1734:on 5 September 2006
1452:Ladiges, Pauline Y.
834:B. leptophylla
525:Flora Australiensis
47:Conservation status
1870:Flora of Australia
1780:Tarsipes rostratus
1527:Givnish, Thomas J.
1365:Candolle, A. P. de
1258:Flora of Australia
1159:Tarsipes rostratus
1047:
827:B. telmatiaea
372:Sirmuellera nutans
365:Banksia platycarpa
271:
2210:
2209:
2143:Open Tree of Life
1940:Taxon identifiers
1690:The Banksia Atlas
1525:Mast, Austin R.;
1474:10.1071/SB9960661
1424:L.f. (Proteaceae)
1054:Western Australia
976:, a subseries of
877:B. pulchella
849:B. scabrella
813:B. micrantha
687:The placement of
508:placed in series
488:Stephan Endlicher
284:Western Australia
256:
255:
70:
2250:
2203:
2202:
2190:
2189:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2137:
2125:
2124:
2112:
2111:
2099:
2098:
2086:
2085:
2073:
2072:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2020:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1935:
1930:
1911:
1906:
1884:
1879:
1847:
1846:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1730:. Archived from
1712:
1706:
1705:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1652:
1641:
1640:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1584:with respect to
1577:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1551:(8): 1311–1323.
1522:
1516:
1515:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1263:CSIRO Publishing
1249:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1182:
1113:Esperance Plains
1041:Distribution of
962: ser.
884:B. meisneri
870:B. laricina
856:B. violacea
645:pollen-presenter
638:
245:
211:
195:
179:
85:
84:
64:
59:
58:
33:
24:Nodding banksia
21:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2198:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2094:
2089:
2081:
2076:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2050:
2042:
2037:
2029:
2024:
2016:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1942:
1914:
1887:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1685:Hopper, Stephen
1682:
1681:
1677:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1637:10.1071/SB06016
1614:
1613:
1609:
1602:10.1071/SB04015
1588:(Proteaceae)".
1579:
1578:
1574:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1512:10.1071/SB97026
1488:Mast, Austin R.
1486:
1485:
1481:
1458:(Proteaceae)".
1446:
1445:
1441:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1395:Bentham, George
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1253:George, Alex S.
1251:
1250:
1239:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1139:
1035:
636:
588:Pauline Ladiges
456:
394:
350:
345:
331:, and smell of
317:
280:nodding banksia
252:
247:
241:
228:
209:
193:
177:
79:
71:
60:
56:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2256:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:wfo-0000559737
2191:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2139:
2126:
2113:
2100:
2087:
2074:
2070:Banksia nutans
2061:
2048:
2035:
2022:
2009:
1996:
1983:
1978:Banksia nutans
1968:
1952:
1950:
1948:Banksia nutans
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1918:Banksia nutans
1912:
1891:Banksia nutans
1885:
1863:Banksia nutans
1855:
1854:External links
1852:
1849:
1848:
1801:
1770:
1763:
1745:
1707:
1700:
1683:Taylor, Anne;
1675:
1658:Banksia nutans
1642:
1607:
1572:
1517:
1506:(4): 321–342.
1479:
1468:(5): 661–733.
1439:
1410:
1386:
1357:Meissner, Carl
1348:
1334:Banksia nutans
1323:
1293:Banksia nutans
1282:
1275:
1237:
1189:Banksia nutans
1176:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1138:
1135:
1129:, with a warm
1094:B. nutans
1078:B. nutans
1074:B. nutans
1050:B. nutans
1043:B. nutans
1034:
1031:
1019:B. nutans
971: subser.
956:B. nutans
940:
939:
938:
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919:
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910:B. nutans
906:
899:B. nutans
892:B. nutans
888:
887:(2 subspecies)
880:
873:
866:
863:B. incana
859:
852:
845:
842:B. lanata
838:
830:
823:
820:B. grossa
816:
809:
788:
776:
764:
739:
727:
689:B. nutans
664: subser.
655: subser.
634:B. nutans
627: subser.
620:B. nutans
598:characters of
577:B. nutans
545:. Endlicher's
516:George Bentham
506:B. nutans
476:flower spike.
464:B. nutans
455:
452:
451:
450:
443:B. nutans
431:B. nutans
418:B. nutans
414:
402:B. nutans
393:
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353:B. nutans
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294:inflorescences
275:Banksia nutans
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1790:(4): 651–58.
1789:
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1764:0-643-09298-6
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1448:Thiele, Kevin
1443:
1440:
1436:(3): 239–473.
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1117:
1116:biogeographic
1114:
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1095:
1092:has recorded
1091:
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1021:is placed in
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808:(3 varieties)
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784:Dryandroideae
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494:Carl Meissner
491:
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478:Banksia verae
475:
471:
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469:Banksia verae
465:
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286:in the genus
285:
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234:Binomial name
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107:Tracheophytes
105:
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1754:
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1736:. Retrieved
1732:the original
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1442:
1433:
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1421:
1413:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:the original
1368:
1361:"Proteaceae"
1351:
1339:
1333:
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1302:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1256:
1226:cite journal
1214:. Retrieved
1200:
1194:
1188:
1180:
1163:
1158:
1155:honey possum
1148:
1140:
1120:mallee-heath
1106:
1100:from around
1097:
1093:
1086:Arthur River
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:and between
1049:
1048:
1042:
1026:
1025: subg.
1022:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1004: subg.
1001:
994:
990:
988:
982:
978:
973:Occidentales
972:
968:
963:
959:
955:
948:DNA sequence
942:Since 1998,
941:
932:
931: subg.
928:
913:
909:
902:
898:
891:
890:
882:
875:
868:
861:
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847:
840:
832:
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783:
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771:
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747:
746: sect.
743:
741:
734:
733: sect.
730:
722:
721: sect.
718:
710:
709: subg.
706:
704:
696:
695:
688:
686:
681:
677:
671:
665:
661:
656:
652:
633:
628:
624:
623:
619:
612:monophyletic
607:
603:
599:
594:analysis of
584:Kevin Thiele
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
554: subg.
551:
546:
542:
536:
529:
523:
509:
505:
497:
492:
481:
480:was renamed
477:
473:
467:
463:
457:
446:
442:
434:
430:
421:
417:
405:
401:
395:
385:
379:
371:
369:
364:
361:Robert Brown
352:
351:
336:
318:
301:Robert Brown
298:
287:
279:
274:
273:
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266:
262:
242:
240:
224:
223:
207:
191:
175:
163:
126:
113:
100:
38:
18:
2161:kew-2669183
2091:iNaturalist
1972:Wikispecies
1821:(6): 1–16.
1295:R.Br. var.
1124:proteaceous
1062:Cape Pasley
1027:Spathulatae
1006:Spathulatae
993:by merging
981: ser.
944:Austin Mast
936:(3 species)
795: ser.
787:(1 species)
782: ser.
775:(1 species)
772:Tricuspidae
770: ser.
758: ser.
738:(1 species)
680: ser.
666:Longistyles
606: ser.
571: ser.
539:Alex George
427:Alex George
386:Sirmuellera
376:Otto Kuntze
315:Description
120:Angiosperms
2217:Categories
2156:Plant List
1738:31 January
1420:The Genus
1379:22 October
1316:22 October
1172:References
1088:, and the
1011:cotyledons
983:Spicigerae
952:Banksiinae
760:Spicigerae
748:Oncostylis
565:Oncostylis
561:Oncostylis
531:Oncostylis
518:published
321:lignotuber
196:Oncostylis
171:Subgenus:
153:Proteaceae
62:Vulnerable
2122:112527890
2039:FloraBase
1898:FloraBase
1665:FloraBase
1631:: 63–71.
1619:R.Br. to
1397:(1870). "
1307:FloraBase
1144:germinate
1082:cernuella
964:Abietinae
933:Isostylis
914:cernuella
797:Abietinae
682:Abietinae
616:subseries
608:Abietinae
592:cladistic
582:In 1996,
573:Abietinae
547:Eubanksia
537:In 1981,
511:Abietinae
498:Eubanksia
490:in 1847.
483:Eubanksia
439:follicles
422:cernuella
392:Varieties
357:Lucky Bay
263:B. nutans
219:Species:
212:Abietinae
187:Section:
143:Proteales
90:Kingdom:
2187:50205801
2182:Tropicos
2109:703147-1
1963:Q4856658
1957:Wikidata
1843:31990487
1687:(1988).
1617:Dryandra
1586:Dryandra
1567:21665734
1537:Dryandra
1529:(2002).
1496:Dryandra
1359:(1856).
1216:30 March
1102:Norseman
1066:Hopetoun
1056:between
1015:Dryandra
996:Dryandra
735:Coccinea
657:Nutantes
649:outgroup
641:pellicle
629:Nutantes
496:demoted
343:Taxonomy
329:anthesis
208:Banksia
203:Series:
192:Banksia
176:Banksia
149:Family:
133:Eudicots
67:IUCN 3.1
2083:7287503
2031:5587435
1823:Bibcode
1811:Banksia
1621:Banksia
1582:Banksia
1533:Banksia
1492:Banksia
1456:Banksia
1429:Nuytsia
1422:Banksia
1399:Banksia
1367:(ed.).
1137:Ecology
1070:Scaddan
991:Banksia
723:Banksia
711:Banksia
698:Banksia
643:of the
600:Banksia
556:Banksia
549:became
543:Banksia
474:banksia
411:autonym
381:Banksia
337:Banksia
325:petiole
289:Banksia
180:Banksia
164:Banksia
159:Genus:
139:Order:
94:Plantae
65: (
2148:822122
2135:188605
2096:525074
2005:620899
1992:108278
1872:Online
1841:
1761:
1698:
1565:
1297:nutans
1273:
1098:nutans
1058:Albany
903:nutans
458:Under
447:nutans
437:. The
435:nutans
409:is an
406:nutans
309:Sydney
267:nutans
2065:FoAO2
2057:46206
1920:R.Br"
1893:R.Br"
1865:R.Br"
1839:S2CID
1660:R.Br"
1363:. In
1336:R.Br"
1127:shrub
1109:dunes
1096:var.
1080:var.
912:var.
901:var.
637:'
445:var.
433:var.
420:var.
404:var.
333:onion
269:fruit
265:var.
250:R.Br.
194:sect.
178:subg.
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
2169:POWO
2130:NCBI
2117:IUCN
2104:IPNI
2078:GBIF
2052:FoAO
2044:1836
2018:KL6V
2000:BOLD
1987:APNI
1759:ISBN
1740:2007
1696:ISBN
1563:PMID
1535:and
1494:and
1381:2007
1318:2007
1271:ISBN
1232:link
1218:2022
1201:2020
1122:and
1060:and
586:and
210:ser.
2195:WFO
2026:EoL
2013:CoL
1831:doi
1792:doi
1788:229
1782:".
1633:doi
1598:doi
1553:doi
1508:doi
1470:doi
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651:of
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486:by
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2002::
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1974::
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768:B.
756:B.
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707:B.
678:B.
676:.
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69:)
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