7088:) is rare and predominantly found at scattered high-altitude locations along the west coasts of North and South America having a similar climate. This type is characterized by cool, dry summers, with less than four months with a mean temperature at or above 10 °C (50 °F), as well as with cool, wet winters, with no winter month having a mean temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C ), depending on the isotherm used). Regions in the Americas with this climate are influenced by the dry-summer trend (though briefly) that extends considerably poleward along the west coast, as well as the moderating influences of high altitude and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean. These conditions maintain an unusually narrow temperature range through the year for climate zones at such distances from coasts.
1253:) is the most common form of the Mediterranean climate, therefore it is also known as a "typical Mediterranean climate". As stated earlier, regions with this form of a Mediterranean climate experience average monthly temperatures in excess of 22.0 °C (71.6 °F) during its warmest month and an average in the coldest month between 18 and −3 °C (64 and 27 °F) or, in some applications, between 18 and 0 °C (64 and 32 °F). Regions with this form of the Mediterranean climate typically experience hot, sometimes very hot and dry summers. Winters can be mild, cool or chilly, and some cities in this region receive somewhat regular snowfall (e.g.
362:" represents dry summers). Köppen has defined a dry summer month as a month with less than 30 mm (1.2 in) of precipitation and as a month within the high-sun months of April to September, in the case of the Northern Hemisphere and October to March, in the case of the Southern Hemisphere, and it also must contain exactly or less than one-third that of the wettest winter month. Some, however, use a 40 mm (1.6 in) level. The third letter indicates the degree of summer heat: "
722:
7056:
4109:
1233:
7073:
844:
323:
871:
669:
458:
856:
36:
12774:
93:
4129:) is less common and experience warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 22 °C (72 °F) during its warmest month and as usual an average in the coldest month between 18 and −3 °C (64 and 27 °F) or, in some applications, between 18 and 0 °C (64 and 32 °F).
4235:
just scrape into this climate classification due to very low rainfall in July. A trend towards slightly drier summers during the 1971–2000 climate average period, meant that this classification previously extended slightly further to include a few other weather stations in southern
England, such as
615:
migrates towards the equator and leaves the area, making rainfall much more likely. As a result, areas with this climate receive almost all of their precipitation during their winter and spring seasons, and may go anywhere from four to six months during the summer and early fall without having any
797:
domain, the highland locations of the
Mediterranean domain can present cooler temperatures in the summer and winter than the lowland areas, temperatures which can sometimes prohibit the growth of typical cold-sensitive Mediterranean plants. Some Spanish authors opt to use the term 'continental
204:
type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typically have dry summers and wet winters, with summer conditions being hot and winter conditions typically being mild. These weather conditions are typically experienced in the majority of
555:
has four months of winter, no more, and in them, except when there is a quarter moon, when it rains one or two days, all the other days have such a beautiful sunshine that is not necessary to resort to fire. The summer is so temperate, with delicious airs, that man can go all day under the
769:
is generally seldom seen. Summer temperatures can be cool to very hot, depending on the distance from a large body of water, elevation, and latitude, among other factors. Strong winds from inland desert regions can sometimes boost summer temperatures up, quickly increasing the risk of
968:(e.g. competition and predation) controls become increasingly important as the flood discharge declines, and environmental controls regain dominance as environmental conditions become very harsh (i.e. hot and dry); as a result, these communities are well suited to recover from
782:), surrounded by hot deserts to the south and mountains to the north. Those places routinely experience summer daily means of over 30 °C (86 °F) and daily highs above 40 °C (104 °F), while receiving enough rainfall in winter not to fall into
733:
The majority of the regions with
Mediterranean climates have relatively mild winters and very warm summers. However, winter and summer temperatures can vary greatly between different regions with a Mediterranean climate. For instance, in the case of winters,
12559:
12192:
Resh, V.H.; L.A. Bêche; J.E. Lawrence; R.D. Mazor; E.P. McElravy; A.H. Purcell; S.M. Carlson (2013). "Long-term
Population and Community Patterns of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Northern California Mediterranean-climate Streams".
889:
is closely associated with
Mediterranean climate zones, as are unique freshwater communities, though vegetation native to the Mediterranean climate zone can also be found in the approximate nearby climate zones, which usually tend to be the
765:(although the daily diurnal range of temperature during the summer is large due to dry and clear conditions, except along the immediate coastlines). Temperatures during winter only occasionally fall below the freezing point and
370:" indicates the average temperature in the warmest month below 22 °C (72 °F). There is a "c" with 3 or less months' average temperature above 10 °C (50 °F), but this climate is rare and is very isolated.
11696:
Lawrence, J.E.; K.B. Lunde; R.D. Mazor; L.A. Bêche; E.P. McElravy; V.H. Resh (2010). "Long-Term
Macroinvertebrate Responses to Climate Change: Implications for Biological Assessment in Mediterranean-Climate Streams".
992:
The native vegetation of
Mediterranean climate lands must be adapted to survive long, hot summer droughts in summer and prolonged wet periods in winter. Mediterranean vegetation examples include the following:
267:, which extends towards the pole of the hemisphere in question during the summer and migrates towards the equator during the winter. This is due to the seasonal poleward-equatorward variations of temperatures.
561:
587:
During summer, regions of the
Mediterranean climate are strongly influenced by the subtropical ridge which keeps atmospheric conditions very dry with minimal cloud coverage. In some areas, such as coastal
358:" zones average temperature above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), but below 18 °C (64 °F), in their coolest months. The second letter indicates the precipitation pattern ("
12551:
11735:
Filipe, A.F.; J.E. Lawrence; N. Bonada (November 2013). "Vulnerability of Biota in
Mediterranean Streams to Climate Change: A Synthesis of Ecological Responses and Conservation Challenges".
12411:
354:) are often referred to as just "Mediterranean". Under the Köppen climate system, the first letter indicates the climate group (in this case temperate climates). Temperate climates or "
774:. Notable exceptions to the usual proximity from bodies of water, thus featuring extremely high summer temperatures and cooler winters, include south-eastern Turkey and northern Iraq (
7111:
ranges in
Washington, Oregon and California. These locations are found at high altitude nearby lower altitude regions characterized by a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (
9040:
8114:
7182:
6132:
5203:
4274:
3185:
2259:
1329:
12785:
12370:
302:
in Chile. Areas with this climate are also where the so-called "Mediterranean trinity" of major agricultural crops have traditionally been successfully grown (
12672:
12318:
11885:
4154:, the adjacent town just north of Menton, with an altitude between 100 and 1,382 m (328 and 4,534 ft), has a Csb climate instead. The village of
883:
12437:
761:
are generally moderate, with a comparatively small range of temperatures between the winter low and summer high unlike (the relatively rare) dry-summer
13011:
11941:
12165:
Gasith, A. and V.H. Resh (1999). "Streams in Mediterranean Climate Regions: Abiotic Influences and Biotic Responses to Predictable Seasonal Events".
12529:
12367:"Climat Castellar: Température de l'EAU à, Température moyenne Castellar, Pluviométrie, diagramme ombrothermique pour Castellar - Climate-Data.org"
980:. Aquatic organisms in these regions show distinct long-term patterns in their structure and function, and are also highly sensitive to the recent
11827:
12407:
580:
to the region in summer, with clear skies and high temperatures. When the anticyclone moves Equator-ward in winter, it is replaced by traveling,
12267:
686:
608:
character to daily temperatures in the warm summer months due to strong solar heating during the day from sunlight and rapid cooling at night.
475:
1315:. However, unshielded areas of that coastline can have warm-summer Mediterranean climates with hot-summer areas just a few kilometres inland.
12239:
4169:
Winters in this zone are rainy and can be mild to chilly. Some locales in this zone experience some amount of snowfall, while others do not.
444:), and the average annual precipitation must not exceed 900 mm (35 in), as well as satisfying Köppen's precipitation requirements.
12143:
12344:
440:
climate are revised. Under Trewartha's system, at least eight months must have average temperatures of 10 °C (50 °F) or higher (
12061:
12812:
205:
Mediterranean-climate regions and countries, but remain highly dependent on proximity to the ocean, altitude and geographical location.
12652:
7650:
628:
has more rain. The rainfall also tends to be more evenly distributed throughout the year in Southern Europe, while in places such as
12704:
6597:
708:
639:
Irregularity of the rainfall, which can vary considerably from year to year, accentuates the droughts of the Mediterranean climate.
541:
174:
79:
20:
522:
46:
1161:, draining marshes and estuaries combined with supplemental irrigation has led to a century of intensive agriculture. Much of the
13016:
12825:
12607:
Navarro, Andrés; García-Ortega, Eduardo; Merino, Andrés; Sánchez, José Luis; Kummerow, Christian; Tapiador, Francisco J. (2019).
596:
has a stabilizing effect on the surrounding air, further reducing the chances for rain, but often causing thick layers of marine
494:
433:
343:
256:
191:
12229:
12778:
12726:
923:
295:
12109:
4244:. Rarer instances of this climate can be found in relatively small and isolated high altitude areas of the Andes in Northern
690:
479:
501:
7168:
and is known as a "climatic anomaly" due to abnormally warm temperatures despite its latitude located above 67°N latitude.
12391:
11099:
605:
12585:
12366:
1312:
409:
requirements, though they, too, are not normally associated with Mediterranean climates. The same goes for a number of
12841:
7647:
617:
508:
259:
are typically located along the western coasts of landmasses, between roughly 30 and 45 degrees north or south of the
61:
13026:
12679:
11390:
4151:
224:
and Northwest Africa, the Pacific portions of the United States and Chile, extreme west areas of Argentina, around
12511:
679:
468:
314:). As a result, these regions are notable for their high-quality wines, grapeseed/olive oils, and bread products.
57:
12942:
12905:
4739:
1113:
981:
762:
490:
418:
12857:
12849:
12433:
11860:
11350:
1213:
954:
828:
636:
is higher, steppe climates tend to prevail, but still follow the basic pattern of the Mediterranean climates.
4125:
Occasionally also termed the "Cool-summer Mediterranean climate", this subtype of the Mediterranean climate (
12805:
12293:
11408:
7153:
6124:
1068:
835:
region, as in Hawaii). These have a favourable climate, with mild wet winters and fairly warm, dry summers.
11911:
624:. Toward the polar latitudes, total moisture usually increases; for instance, the Mediterranean climate in
212:, affecting almost exclusively the western portions of continents in relative proximity to the coast. The
12790:
12525:
12494:
12477:
12459:
9505:
4232:
3650:
11796:
12084:"World Weather Information Service - San Francisco(monthly averages for the 30-year period 1981-2010)"
721:
620:. In the lower latitudes, precipitation usually decreases in both the winter and summer due to higher
385:
zones in the Köppen system include areas normally not associated with Mediterranean climates but with
12620:
12271:
11923:
11811:
11590:
11296:
10551:
7157:
7108:
1292:
1097:
1064:
738:
experiences mild to warm temperatures in the winter, with frost and snowfall almost unknown, whereas
12748:
13021:
12934:
11544:
4192:
4155:
1076:
1038:
950:
629:
577:
229:
515:
12210:
12135:
11762:
11714:
11412:
11354:
11336:
9032:
5668:
4200:
643:
does not fall evenly, nor does the rain arrive at the same time or within the same intervals. In
633:
621:
593:
12798:
12340:
12010:"World Weather Information Service - Funchal(monthly averages for the 30-year period 1961-1990)"
7072:
7055:
4108:
1232:
945:
shrubs of this biome, help conserve water and prevent nutrient loss. The soils generally are of
220:, which mostly share this type of climate, but it can also be found in the Atlantic portions of
12708:
964:(environmental) controls of stream populations and community structure dominate during floods,
366:" represents an average temperature in the warmest month above 22 °C (72 °F), while "
12950:
12897:
12884:
12235:
11449:
10993:
10951:
10641:
10380:
7104:
7096:
4196:
4184:
4176:
1321:
1311:. Southern California's coasts also experience hot summers due to the shielding effect of the
1308:
1268:
1150:
1020:
965:
891:
787:
612:
390:
245:
217:
201:
24:
12833:
12628:
12202:
12174:
11931:
11875:
11819:
11752:
11744:
11706:
11558:
11394:
11238:
11224:
10905:
10835:
10711:
7174:
7135:
5195:
4212:
4208:
3177:
1108:
960:
Aquatic communities in Mediterranean climate regions are adapted to a yearly cycle in which
915:
907:
859:
279:
209:
127:
11963:
941:, and frequent fire regimes. The small sclerophyllous leaves that characterize many of the
12979:
12913:
12395:
11985:
11795:
Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rube, Franz (June 2006).
11604:
11376:
10927:
10555:
10537:
4266:
4180:
2250:
895:
843:
804:) for some regions with lower temperatures in winter than the coastal areas, but Köppen's
625:
581:
386:
264:
249:
233:
1794:
902:
zones, depending on the region and location. Particularly distinctive of the climate are
12624:
11927:
11815:
12987:
12971:
12876:
12083:
11618:
11159:
10775:
10655:
1072:
946:
750:
has cool summers with daily highs around 21 °C (70 °F) due to the continuous
726:
422:
410:
241:
13005:
12963:
12245:
12009:
11664:
11533:
11499:
11471:
11416:
11358:
11340:
11322:
11314:
11304:
11286:
11264:
11246:
11213:
10180:
7161:
7100:
4159:
1296:
1197:
1053:
747:
12722:
12178:
11823:
11766:
11718:
1145:
Many native vegetations in Mediterranean climate area valleys have been cleared for
322:
12035:
11513:
11201:
10901:
10887:
10027:
10017:
9985:
7076:
Distribution of the relatively rare cold-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen type
4237:
4224:
1276:
1272:
1193:
1189:
1181:, ecosystems and habitats of native vegetation are more sustained and undisturbed.
1178:
1170:
1166:
1154:
820:
808:
zones show no distinction as long as winter temperature means stay above freezing.
291:
237:
12214:
11463:
8106:
7120:
1188:
vegetation in the South-western Cape in South Africa is famed for its high floral
757:
Because most regions with a Mediterranean climate are near large bodies of water,
11256:
10859:
10430:
10412:
10320:
1146:
1135:
903:
875:
870:
832:
794:
758:
668:
569:
457:
441:
402:
855:
12206:
11936:
11748:
11540:
11318:
11300:
11282:
11278:
11187:
11127:
11011:
10458:
10334:
10306:
10250:
10198:
9999:
4241:
1288:
1258:
1254:
1205:
1158:
1103:
1034:
998:
589:
271:
12581:
11880:
647:, for instance, rain starts falling nearly half a season earlier than at the
11632:
11580:
11576:
11548:
11517:
11503:
11485:
11453:
11439:
11085:
11007:
10979:
10817:
10739:
10725:
10701:
10591:
10292:
10222:
10013:
4257:
4220:
1139:
1121:
1093:
1006:
1002:
942:
911:
899:
771:
751:
652:
644:
436:'s modified Köppen climate classification, the two major requirements for a
398:
283:
225:
10803:
240:. They tend to be found in proximity (both poleward and near the coast) of
12773:
9516:
8587:
7661:
6608:
5679:
4750:
3661:
2732:
1805:
742:
has cold winters with annual frosts and snowfall; or, to consider summer,
11654:
11481:
11435:
11149:
11029:
10997:
10793:
10757:
10743:
10715:
10687:
10669:
10659:
10627:
10559:
10472:
10454:
10394:
10278:
10194:
10166:
4253:
4188:
4143:
4136:
1221:
1162:
1127:
1088:
1083:
1048:
969:
863:
739:
648:
299:
275:
12821:
12648:
12633:
12608:
11608:
11428:
11332:
11220:
11173:
11163:
11131:
11113:
11067:
10937:
10831:
10761:
10683:
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10426:
10352:
10162:
10138:
10120:
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10073:
10069:
10059:
10055:
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10003:
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4245:
4228:
4132:
Also, at least four months must average above 10 °C (50 °F).
1217:
1209:
1059:
1014:
961:
938:
934:
927:
848:
743:
735:
693: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
482: in this Section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
414:
260:
213:
92:
11757:
9048:
9028:
8122:
8102:
7190:
7170:
6140:
6120:
5211:
5191:
4282:
4262:
3193:
3173:
2267:
2246:
1337:
1317:
11710:
11467:
11398:
11380:
11372:
11242:
11228:
11145:
11071:
10983:
10969:
10965:
10909:
10891:
10873:
10863:
10849:
10821:
10789:
10729:
10577:
10573:
10541:
10527:
10516:
10490:
10476:
10440:
10384:
10370:
10366:
10338:
10296:
10282:
10268:
10226:
10184:
10152:
10134:
10124:
10110:
10041:
9964:
4204:
4163:
4147:
1304:
1201:
1185:
1173:, but has likewise been largely converted to agriculture, mainly for
1131:
1042:
973:
919:
601:
426:
287:
221:
4139:
are often the reason for this cooler type of Mediterranean climate.
326:
Continental Portugal has a clear contrast between the cool to warm (
64:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
655:
no rain at all falls in summer but early rains may come in autumn.
11668:
11650:
11636:
11622:
11594:
11562:
11191:
11177:
11117:
11103:
11089:
11057:
11043:
11039:
11025:
10955:
10941:
10923:
10877:
10839:
10807:
10779:
10673:
10645:
10631:
10613:
10595:
10500:
10444:
10356:
10264:
10240:
10208:
10148:
10106:
10083:
10045:
9989:
7131:
7071:
4216:
1174:
1117:
1030:
977:
886:
869:
854:
842:
779:
746:
experiences rather high temperatures in that season. In contrast,
720:
573:
394:
311:
307:
303:
91:
12268:"No. of days with snow or sleet in Kermanshah by Month 1951–2010"
263:. The main cause of Mediterranean, or dry summer, climate is the
11260:
11053:
10609:
10504:
10486:
10416:
10398:
10324:
10310:
10254:
10236:
10212:
10099:
4249:
1300:
1284:
1280:
1010:
783:
775:
766:
640:
19:
For the influence of Mediterranean climates on viticulture, see
12794:
11912:"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification"
11861:"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification"
11797:"World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated"
12786:
Explanation of Mediterranean Climate (University of Wisconsin)
12558:(in English and French). Environment Canada. 19 January 2011.
1024:
662:
597:
451:
166:
29:
12408:"The Warm Land: 5 must-do activities at this hidden B.C. gem"
7119:). A rare instance of this climate occurs in the tropics, on
23:. For the climate specifically of the Mediterranean Sea, see
823:
in some high-altitude locations adjacent to a rare tropical
11964:"Medittranean climate Definition, Region, Map, & Facts"
604:
climates, in many Mediterranean climates there is a strong
163:
157:
148:
136:
4162:
also has a Csb climate because of its location inside the
933:
Mediterranean vegetation shows a number of adaptations to
632:, the summer is nearly or completely dry. In places where
216:
type's name is in reference to the coastal regions of the
12609:"Assessment of IMERG Precipitation Estimates over Europe"
811:
Additionally, the temperature and rainfall pattern for a
142:
12678:. Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil. Archived from
7138:
is one of the few towns confirmed to have this climate.
405:. Additional highland areas in the subtropics also meet
12434:"Explore Southern Vancouver Island's small communities"
53:
11910:
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007).
11859:
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007).
7084:
The cold-summer subtype of the Mediterranean climate (
373:
Under the Köppen classification, dry-summer climates (
328:
208:
The dry summer climate is found throughout the warmer
12110:"İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri: Sanliurfa"
12062:"Valores climatológicos normales. Sevilla Aeropuerto"
334:
175:
160:
130:
12723:"Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation Information"
568:
Poleward extension and expansion of the subtropical
381:) usually occur on the western sides of continents.
154:
145:
139:
12962:
12933:
12896:
12869:
12832:
12195:
Journal of the North American Benthological Society
11699:
Journal of the North American Benthological Society
1177:. In hillside and mountainous areas, away from the
151:
133:
12270:. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from
4142:The other main reason for this cooler type is the
1192:, and includes such plant types as members of the
562:Pedro de Valdivia to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
12673:"Estadistica Climatologica Tomo III (pg 319-343)"
12234:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
12231:Plant Life in the World's Mediterranean Climates
350:) and "cool dry-summer" climates (classified as
12751:. Australian Government – Bureau of Meteorology
12319:"Climatic Data for selected stations in Greece"
600:that usually evaporates by mid-day. Similar to
553:
4227:. A few locations close to the south coast of
12806:
12749:"Climate statistics for Australian locations"
799:
8:
12480:Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute
12036:"Климатические таблицы. Данные для Ташкента"
4150:on the French coast has a Csa climate while
8578:Source: The Western Regional Climate Center
7145:climate can be found at high elevations in
1249:This subtype of the Mediterranean climate (
884:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
754:of cold subsurface waters along the coast.
346:, "hot dry-summer" climates (classified as
12813:
12799:
12791:
12321:. Hellenic National Meteorological Service
4135:Cool ocean currents, upwelling and higher
12632:
12552:"Victoria Gonzales HTS, British Columbia"
12116:(in Turkish). Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü
11935:
11879:
11756:
7063: Cold-summer mediterranean climate (
4116: Warm-summer mediterranean climate (
1257:), while others do not receive any (e.g.
709:Learn how and when to remove this message
542:Learn how and when to remove this message
282:in the European Mediterranean Basin, the
111: Warm-summer Mediterranean climate (
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
11790:
11788:
11786:
11784:
11782:
11780:
11778:
11776:
9940:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
9491:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
9011:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
8565:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
8085:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
7633:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
7152:In Norway, the small fishing village of
7054:
7032:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
6583:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
6103:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
5654:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
5174:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
4725:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
4107:
4085:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
3636:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
3156:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
2710:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
2229:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
1780:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
1240: Hot-summer mediterranean climate (
1231:
321:
101: Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (
11685:
7115:) or hot-summer Mediterranean climate (
12526:"Monthly Averages for Porto, Portugal"
11854:
11852:
11850:
11848:
7080:) in Washington, Oregon and California
12649:"Observations and weather statistics"
12584:. World Weather Information Service.
12532:from the original on 26 February 2012
12440:from the original on 21 February 2019
12414:from the original on 21 February 2019
11944:from the original on 10 February 2017
1267:climates are mainly found around the
847:The Ionian Sea, view from the island
7:
12729:from the original on 4 November 2016
12495:"mediterranean+climate"&pg=PA36
11730:
11728:
11691:
11689:
7134:in Chile and Argentina. The town of
874:The coastal Mediterranean region of
691:adding citations to reliable sources
584:with their attendant precipitation.
480:adding citations to reliable sources
96:Regions with Mediterranean climates
12725:. Western Regional Climate Center.
12582:"Weather Information for Cape Town"
12343:. Australia Bureau of Meteorology.
12146:from the original on 26 August 2010
11916:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
11891:from the original on 28 August 2019
11868:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
4175:climates are found in northwestern
1271:, southern Australia, southwestern
1149:and farming. In places such as the
801:Clima Mediterráneo Continentalizado
12653:Norwegian Meteorological Institute
12588:from the original on 26 April 2010
12556:Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000
12476:Institute, Royal Canadian (1949).
12373:from the original on 28 March 2020
12347:from the original on 10 March 2011
12341:"Perth Monthly climate statistics"
11833:from the original on 12 April 2019
274:of Mediterranean climates are the
14:
12042:(in Russian). Weather and Climate
11986:"What is a medittranean climate?"
7051:Cold-summer Mediterranean climate
4104:Warm-summer Mediterranean climate
831:with dry summers, typically in a
13012:Environment of the Mediterranean
12772:
12705:"Datos climatológicos Chile Sur"
12562:from the original on 17 May 2013
4223:and in sections of southwestern
1228:Hot-summer Mediterranean climate
1208:also grow in Australia, such as
667:
456:
126:
34:
25:Climate of the Mediterranean Sea
12179:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.51
8107:Haleakala Summit, United States
7130:regions can be found along the
1303:, and inland areas of southern
678:needs additional citations for
467:needs additional citations for
12953:(Dfc, Dwc, Dsc, Dfd, Dwd, Dsd)
12945:(Dfa, Dwa, Dsa, Dfb, Dwb, Dsb)
12707:. Atmosfera.cl. Archived from
12136:"España a Través de los Mapas"
9948:Precipitation totals in inches
9019:Precipitation totals in inches
8093:Precipitation totals in inches
7040:Precipitation totals in inches
6111:Precipitation totals in inches
5182:Precipitation totals in inches
4093:Precipitation totals in inches
3164:Precipitation totals in inches
2237:Precipitation totals in inches
425:, and the eastern part of the
389:climates, such as much of the
1:
12826:Köppen climate classification
12528:. Instituto de Meteorologia.
12294:"Normal Values for Marseille"
7091:In North America, areas with
344:Köppen climate classification
318:Köppen climate classification
11990:Mediterranean Garden Society
7095:climate can be found in the
910:in the Mediterranean Basin,
21:Mediterranean climate (wine)
11824:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
11804:Meteorologische Zeitschrift
7164:has a climate bordering on
1287:, the interior of northern
60:the claims made and adding
13043:
12394:February 17, 2016, at the
11100:San Cristóbal de la Laguna
9944:
9936:
9519:
9503:
9499:Precipitation totals in mm
9495:
9487:
9015:
9007:
8590:
8577:
8573:Precipitation totals in mm
8569:
8561:
8089:
8081:
7664:
7645:
7641:Precipitation totals in mm
7637:
7629:
7036:
7028:
6611:
6595:
6591:Precipitation totals in mm
6587:
6579:
6107:
6099:
5682:
5666:
5662:Precipitation totals in mm
5658:
5650:
5178:
5170:
4753:
4737:
4733:Precipitation totals in mm
4729:
4721:
4152:Castellar, Alpes-Maritimes
4089:
4081:
3664:
3648:
3644:Precipitation totals in mm
3640:
3632:
3160:
3152:
2735:
2722:
2718:Precipitation totals in mm
2714:
2706:
2233:
2225:
1808:
1792:
1788:Precipitation totals in mm
1784:
1776:
763:humid continental climates
421:, the western part of the
228:in South Africa, parts of
18:
12207:10.1007/s10750-012-1373-9
11937:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
11749:10.1007/s10750-012-1244-4
4740:Instituto de Meteorologia
4207:and southern portions of
1216:is also renowned for its
1204:. Representatives of the
982:effects of climate change
930:shrublands in Australia.
12478:"mediterranean+climate"
12460:"mediterranean+climate"
11881:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007
1214:California native plants
1169:, was once covered with
1165:in the southern Cape of
955:nitrogen-fixing bacteria
829:tropical savanna climate
798:Mediterranean climate' (
397:, parts of west-central
12228:Dallman, Peter (1998).
6125:Cape Town, South Africa
4219:, in parts of southern
1279:, northern sections of
949:, and many plants have
819:climate can exist as a
7081:
7069:
4122:
1246:
879:
867:
852:
800:
730:
566:
491:"Medittranean Climate"
419:Juan Fernández Islands
339:
298:in Australia, and the
117:
12781:at Wikimedia Commons
12779:Mediterranean climate
12512:"UK climate averages"
12167:Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst
11984:Gildemeister, Heidi.
9506:Bureau of Meteorology
7075:
7058:
4233:Weymouth and Portland
4111:
1235:
922:in South Africa, and
873:
858:
846:
724:
325:
248:, and equatorward of
122:Mediterranean climate
95:
13017:Köppen climate types
12916:(Cfb, Cwb, Cfc, Cwc)
12842:Tropical rainforest
12088:worldweather.wmo.int
12014:worldweather.wmo.int
687:improve this article
476:improve this article
12711:on 9 December 2012.
12625:2019RemS...11.2470N
12497:Cincinnati Magazine
11928:2007HESS...11.1633P
11816:2006MetZe..15..259K
9520:Imperial conversion
8591:Imperial conversion
7665:Imperial conversion
7141:Small areas with a
6612:Imperial conversion
5683:Imperial conversion
4754:Imperial conversion
4193:Northern California
3665:Imperial conversion
2736:Imperial conversion
1809:Imperial conversion
953:relationships with
906:shrublands, called
839:Mediterranean biome
630:Southern California
393:, much of southern
286:in California, the
12943:Humid continental
12906:Humid subtropical
12634:10.3390/rs11212470
9033:Liawenee, Tasmania
7126:In South America,
7082:
7070:
5669:Environment Canada
4187:and west coast of
4123:
1247:
1023:and some types of
988:Natural vegetation
880:
878:, Catalonia, Spain
868:
853:
731:
634:evapotranspiration
622:evapotranspiration
340:
246:semi-arid climates
188:dry summer climate
118:
45:possibly contains
13027:Climate of Europe
12999:
12998:
12858:Tropical savanna
12850:Tropical monsoon
12777:Media related to
12274:on April 14, 2015
12241:978-0-520-20809-4
10952:Palma de Mallorca
10552:Angra do Heroísmo
9956:
9955:
9952:
9951:
9511:
9510:
9027:
9026:
9023:
9022:
8582:
8581:
8101:
8100:
8097:
8096:
7656:
7655:
7158:Røst Municipality
7048:
7047:
7044:
7043:
6603:
6602:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
5674:
5673:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5185:
4745:
4744:
4197:Pacific Northwest
4177:Iberian Peninsula
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
3656:
3655:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
2727:
2726:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
1800:
1799:
1322:Marseille, France
1309:Cascade Mountains
1269:Mediterranean Sea
1212:. The palette of
1151:Sacramento Valley
1019:Deciduous trees:
997:Evergreen trees:
966:biotic components
892:humid subtropical
790:classifications.
719:
718:
711:
613:subtropical ridge
552:
551:
544:
526:
391:Pacific Northwest
265:subtropical ridge
218:Mediterranean Sea
202:temperate climate
186:), also called a
90:
89:
82:
47:original research
13034:
12824:types under the
12815:
12808:
12801:
12792:
12776:
12761:
12760:
12758:
12756:
12745:
12739:
12738:
12736:
12734:
12719:
12713:
12712:
12701:
12695:
12694:
12692:
12690:
12685:on 17 April 2012
12684:
12677:
12669:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12659:
12645:
12639:
12638:
12636:
12604:
12598:
12597:
12595:
12593:
12578:
12572:
12571:
12569:
12567:
12548:
12542:
12541:
12539:
12537:
12522:
12516:
12515:
12508:
12502:
12501:
12491:
12485:
12484:
12473:
12467:
12466:
12456:
12450:
12449:
12447:
12445:
12430:
12424:
12423:
12421:
12419:
12404:
12398:
12389:
12383:
12382:
12380:
12378:
12363:
12357:
12356:
12354:
12352:
12337:
12331:
12330:
12328:
12326:
12315:
12309:
12308:
12306:
12304:
12298:
12290:
12284:
12283:
12281:
12279:
12264:
12258:
12257:
12255:
12253:
12244:. Archived from
12225:
12219:
12218:
12189:
12183:
12182:
12162:
12156:
12155:
12153:
12151:
12132:
12126:
12125:
12123:
12121:
12106:
12100:
12099:
12097:
12095:
12080:
12074:
12073:
12071:
12069:
12058:
12052:
12051:
12049:
12047:
12032:
12026:
12025:
12023:
12021:
12006:
12000:
11999:
11997:
11996:
11981:
11975:
11974:
11972:
11971:
11960:
11954:
11953:
11951:
11949:
11939:
11922:(5): 1633–1644.
11907:
11901:
11900:
11898:
11896:
11890:
11883:
11865:
11856:
11843:
11842:
11840:
11838:
11832:
11801:
11792:
11771:
11770:
11760:
11732:
11723:
11722:
11711:10.1899/09-178.1
11705:(4): 1424–1440.
11693:
11545:Neuquén Province
11395:British Columbia
11225:British Columbia
10906:Krasnoyarsk Krai
10836:Balearic Islands
9947:
9939:
9930:
9925:
9914:
9899:
9894:
9883:
9868:
9863:
9852:
9837:
9832:
9821:
9806:
9801:
9790:
9775:
9770:
9759:
9744:
9739:
9728:
9713:
9708:
9697:
9682:
9677:
9666:
9651:
9646:
9635:
9620:
9615:
9604:
9589:
9584:
9573:
9517:
9498:
9490:
9481:
9476:
9465:
9450:
9445:
9434:
9419:
9414:
9403:
9388:
9383:
9372:
9357:
9352:
9341:
9326:
9321:
9310:
9295:
9290:
9279:
9264:
9259:
9248:
9233:
9228:
9217:
9202:
9197:
9186:
9171:
9166:
9155:
9140:
9135:
9124:
9049:
9029:
9018:
9010:
9001:
8996:
8985:
8970:
8965:
8954:
8939:
8934:
8923:
8908:
8903:
8892:
8877:
8872:
8861:
8846:
8841:
8830:
8815:
8810:
8799:
8784:
8779:
8768:
8753:
8748:
8737:
8722:
8717:
8706:
8691:
8686:
8675:
8660:
8655:
8644:
8588:
8572:
8564:
8555:
8550:
8539:
8524:
8519:
8508:
8493:
8488:
8477:
8462:
8457:
8446:
8431:
8426:
8415:
8400:
8395:
8384:
8369:
8364:
8353:
8338:
8333:
8322:
8307:
8302:
8291:
8276:
8271:
8260:
8245:
8240:
8229:
8214:
8209:
8198:
8123:
8103:
8092:
8084:
8075:
8070:
8059:
8044:
8039:
8028:
8013:
8008:
7997:
7982:
7977:
7966:
7951:
7946:
7935:
7920:
7915:
7904:
7889:
7884:
7873:
7858:
7853:
7842:
7827:
7822:
7811:
7796:
7791:
7780:
7765:
7760:
7749:
7734:
7729:
7718:
7662:
7640:
7632:
7623:
7618:
7607:
7592:
7587:
7576:
7561:
7556:
7545:
7530:
7525:
7514:
7499:
7494:
7483:
7468:
7463:
7452:
7437:
7432:
7421:
7406:
7401:
7390:
7375:
7370:
7359:
7344:
7339:
7328:
7313:
7308:
7297:
7282:
7277:
7266:
7191:
7175:Balmaceda, Chile
7171:
7136:Balmaceda, Chile
7121:Haleakalā Summit
7062:
7039:
7031:
7022:
7017:
7006:
6991:
6986:
6975:
6960:
6955:
6944:
6929:
6924:
6913:
6898:
6893:
6882:
6867:
6862:
6851:
6836:
6831:
6820:
6805:
6800:
6789:
6774:
6769:
6758:
6743:
6738:
6727:
6712:
6707:
6696:
6681:
6676:
6665:
6609:
6590:
6582:
6573:
6568:
6557:
6542:
6537:
6526:
6511:
6506:
6495:
6480:
6475:
6464:
6449:
6444:
6433:
6418:
6413:
6402:
6387:
6382:
6371:
6356:
6351:
6340:
6325:
6320:
6309:
6294:
6289:
6278:
6263:
6258:
6247:
6232:
6227:
6216:
6141:
6121:
6110:
6102:
6093:
6088:
6077:
6062:
6057:
6046:
6031:
6026:
6015:
6000:
5995:
5984:
5969:
5964:
5953:
5938:
5933:
5922:
5907:
5902:
5891:
5876:
5871:
5860:
5845:
5840:
5829:
5814:
5809:
5798:
5783:
5778:
5767:
5752:
5747:
5736:
5680:
5661:
5653:
5644:
5639:
5628:
5613:
5608:
5597:
5582:
5577:
5566:
5551:
5546:
5535:
5520:
5515:
5504:
5489:
5484:
5473:
5458:
5453:
5442:
5427:
5422:
5411:
5396:
5391:
5380:
5365:
5360:
5349:
5334:
5329:
5318:
5303:
5298:
5287:
5212:
5196:Victoria, Canada
5192:
5181:
5173:
5164:
5159:
5148:
5133:
5128:
5117:
5102:
5097:
5086:
5071:
5066:
5055:
5040:
5035:
5024:
5009:
5004:
4993:
4978:
4973:
4962:
4947:
4942:
4931:
4916:
4911:
4900:
4885:
4880:
4869:
4854:
4849:
4838:
4823:
4818:
4807:
4751:
4732:
4724:
4715:
4710:
4699:
4684:
4679:
4668:
4653:
4648:
4637:
4622:
4617:
4606:
4591:
4586:
4575:
4560:
4555:
4544:
4529:
4524:
4513:
4498:
4493:
4482:
4467:
4462:
4451:
4436:
4431:
4420:
4405:
4400:
4389:
4374:
4369:
4358:
4283:
4263:
4213:British Columbia
4209:Vancouver Island
4199:(namely western
4164:Alborz mountains
4146:. For instance,
4115:
4092:
4084:
4075:
4070:
4059:
4044:
4039:
4028:
4013:
4008:
3997:
3982:
3977:
3966:
3951:
3946:
3935:
3920:
3915:
3904:
3889:
3884:
3873:
3858:
3853:
3842:
3827:
3822:
3811:
3796:
3791:
3780:
3765:
3760:
3749:
3734:
3729:
3718:
3662:
3643:
3635:
3626:
3621:
3610:
3595:
3590:
3579:
3564:
3559:
3548:
3533:
3528:
3517:
3502:
3497:
3486:
3471:
3466:
3455:
3440:
3435:
3424:
3409:
3404:
3393:
3378:
3373:
3362:
3347:
3342:
3331:
3316:
3311:
3300:
3285:
3280:
3269:
3194:
3178:Perth, Australia
3174:
3163:
3155:
3146:
3141:
3130:
3115:
3110:
3099:
3084:
3079:
3068:
3053:
3048:
3037:
3022:
3017:
3006:
2991:
2986:
2975:
2960:
2955:
2944:
2929:
2924:
2913:
2898:
2893:
2882:
2867:
2862:
2851:
2836:
2831:
2820:
2805:
2800:
2789:
2733:
2717:
2709:
2700:
2695:
2684:
2669:
2664:
2653:
2638:
2633:
2622:
2607:
2602:
2591:
2576:
2571:
2560:
2545:
2540:
2529:
2514:
2509:
2498:
2483:
2478:
2467:
2452:
2447:
2436:
2421:
2416:
2405:
2390:
2385:
2374:
2359:
2354:
2343:
2268:
2247:
2236:
2228:
2219:
2214:
2203:
2188:
2183:
2172:
2157:
2152:
2141:
2126:
2121:
2110:
2095:
2090:
2079:
2064:
2059:
2048:
2033:
2028:
2017:
2002:
1997:
1986:
1971:
1966:
1955:
1940:
1935:
1924:
1909:
1904:
1893:
1878:
1873:
1862:
1806:
1787:
1779:
1770:
1765:
1754:
1739:
1734:
1723:
1708:
1703:
1692:
1677:
1672:
1661:
1646:
1641:
1630:
1615:
1610:
1599:
1584:
1579:
1568:
1553:
1548:
1537:
1522:
1517:
1506:
1491:
1486:
1475:
1460:
1455:
1444:
1429:
1424:
1413:
1338:
1318:
1239:
1109:Themeda triandra
860:Makarska Riviera
803:
714:
707:
703:
700:
694:
671:
663:
582:frontal cyclones
564:
547:
540:
536:
533:
527:
525:
484:
460:
452:
250:oceanic climates
210:middle latitudes
182:
178:
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62:inline citations
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12924:(Csa, Csb, Csc)
12892:
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12441:
12436:. 8 July 2016.
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12396:Wayback Machine
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11695:
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11687:
11682:
11643:, bordering on
11569:, bordering on
11537:
11524:, bordering on
11492:, bordering on
11432:
11377:Baja California
11365:, bordering on
11271:, bordering on
11217:
11138:, bordering on
11078:, bordering on
11018:, bordering on
10928:North Macedonia
10916:, bordering on
10768:, bordering on
10750:, bordering on
10694:, bordering on
10620:, bordering on
10602:, bordering on
10584:, bordering on
10566:, bordering on
10556:Terceira Island
10538:Alexandroupolis
10520:
10465:, bordering on
10405:, bordering on
10345:, bordering on
10173:, bordering on
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9039:Climate chart (
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8178:
8173:
8168:
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8138:
8133:
8128:
8113:Climate chart (
8090:
8082:
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7216:
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7206:
7201:
7196:
7181:Climate chart (
7068:
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7037:
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7018:
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6131:Climate chart (
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5350:
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5342:
5336:
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5327:
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5322:
5319:
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5311:
5305:
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5299:
5296:
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5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5202:Climate chart (
5179:
5171:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5135:
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5118:
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5110:
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5017:
5011:
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5007:
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5002:
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4997:
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4991:
4989:
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4955:
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4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
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4333:
4328:
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4318:
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4308:
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4293:
4288:
4273:Climate chart (
4267:Porto, Portugal
4121:
4113:
4106:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
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4037:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
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4021:
4015:
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4009:
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4001:
3998:
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3993:
3990:
3984:
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3967:
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3254:
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3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3184:Climate chart (
3161:
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3139:
3137:
3134:
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3128:
3126:
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3007:
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2999:
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2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
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2298:
2293:
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2283:
2278:
2273:
2258:Climate chart (
2251:Alexandroupolis
2234:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
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2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2173:
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2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2097:
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2077:
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2072:
2066:
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2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
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1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1925:
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1920:
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1911:
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1907:
1905:
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1897:
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1886:
1880:
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1860:
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1855:
1785:
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1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1328:Climate chart (
1313:Channel Islands
1245:
1237:
1230:
1104:grassland types
990:
914:in California,
841:
715:
704:
698:
695:
684:
672:
661:
626:Southern Europe
611:In winter, the
565:
560:
548:
537:
531:
528:
485:
483:
473:
461:
450:
411:oceanic islands
401:, and parts of
320:
236:, and parts of
234:South Australia
190:, described by
180:
176:
129:
125:
116:
108:
106:
98:
86:
75:
69:
66:
51:
39:
35:
28:
17:
16:Type of climate
12:
11:
5:
13040:
13038:
13030:
13029:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13004:
13003:
12997:
12996:
12994:
12993:
12985:
12977:
12968:
12966:
12960:
12959:
12957:
12956:
12948:
12939:
12937:
12931:
12930:
12928:
12927:
12922:Mediterranean
12919:
12911:
12902:
12900:
12894:
12893:
12891:
12890:
12882:
12873:
12871:
12867:
12866:
12864:
12863:
12855:
12847:
12838:
12836:
12830:
12829:
12820:
12818:
12817:
12810:
12803:
12795:
12789:
12788:
12769:
12768:External links
12766:
12763:
12762:
12740:
12714:
12696:
12664:
12640:
12599:
12573:
12543:
12517:
12503:
12486:
12468:
12451:
12425:
12399:
12384:
12358:
12332:
12310:
12299:. Metéo France
12285:
12259:
12248:on 28 May 2010
12240:
12220:
12184:
12157:
12127:
12101:
12075:
12053:
12040:Pogodaikclimat
12027:
12001:
11976:
11955:
11902:
11874:(2): 439–473.
11844:
11810:(3): 259–263.
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4215:), in central
4191:), in coastal
4112:
4105:
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4099:
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4079:
4078:
4072:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4056:
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3653:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3630:
3629:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3607:
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3601:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3556:
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3545:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3149:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3058:
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3034:
3031:
3028:
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3025:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2966:
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2963:
2957:
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2921:
2918:
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2901:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2873:
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2870:
2864:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2848:
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2842:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2797:
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2791:
2786:
2783:
2780:
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2776:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
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2737:
2729:
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2725:
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2720:
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2711:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2692:
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2678:
2675:
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2666:
2661:
2658:
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2647:
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2641:
2635:
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2619:
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2599:
2596:
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2573:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2557:
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2542:
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2534:
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2500:
2495:
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2458:
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2301:
2299:
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2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1275:, sections of
1236:
1229:
1226:
1143:
1142:
1124:
1100:
1080:
1045:
1027:
1017:
989:
986:
840:
837:
725:Aegean Sea of
717:
716:
675:
673:
666:
660:
657:
558:
550:
549:
464:
462:
455:
449:
446:
423:Canary Islands
319:
316:
270:The resulting
255:Mediterranean
107:
97:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13039:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13009:
13007:
12992:
12991:
12986:
12984:
12983:
12978:
12976:
12975:
12970:
12969:
12967:
12965:
12961:
12955:
12954:
12949:
12947:
12946:
12941:
12940:
12938:
12936:
12932:
12926:
12925:
12920:
12918:
12917:
12912:
12910:
12909:
12904:
12903:
12901:
12899:
12895:
12889:
12888:
12883:
12881:
12880:
12875:
12874:
12872:
12868:
12862:
12861:
12856:
12854:
12853:
12848:
12846:
12845:
12840:
12839:
12837:
12835:
12831:
12827:
12823:
12816:
12811:
12809:
12804:
12802:
12797:
12796:
12793:
12787:
12784:
12783:
12782:
12780:
12775:
12767:
12750:
12744:
12741:
12728:
12724:
12718:
12715:
12710:
12706:
12700:
12697:
12681:
12674:
12668:
12665:
12654:
12650:
12644:
12641:
12635:
12630:
12626:
12622:
12618:
12614:
12610:
12603:
12600:
12587:
12583:
12577:
12574:
12561:
12557:
12553:
12547:
12544:
12531:
12527:
12521:
12518:
12513:
12507:
12504:
12499:
12498:
12490:
12487:
12482:
12481:
12472:
12469:
12464:
12463:
12462:Nature Canada
12455:
12452:
12439:
12435:
12429:
12426:
12413:
12409:
12403:
12400:
12397:
12393:
12388:
12385:
12372:
12368:
12362:
12359:
12346:
12342:
12336:
12333:
12320:
12314:
12311:
12295:
12289:
12286:
12273:
12269:
12263:
12260:
12247:
12243:
12237:
12233:
12232:
12224:
12221:
12216:
12212:
12208:
12204:
12200:
12196:
12188:
12185:
12180:
12176:
12172:
12168:
12161:
12158:
12145:
12141:
12137:
12131:
12128:
12115:
12111:
12105:
12102:
12089:
12085:
12079:
12076:
12063:
12057:
12054:
12041:
12037:
12031:
12028:
12015:
12011:
12005:
12002:
11991:
11987:
11980:
11977:
11965:
11959:
11956:
11943:
11938:
11933:
11929:
11925:
11921:
11917:
11913:
11906:
11903:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11873:
11869:
11862:
11855:
11853:
11851:
11849:
11845:
11829:
11825:
11821:
11817:
11813:
11809:
11805:
11798:
11791:
11789:
11787:
11785:
11783:
11781:
11779:
11777:
11773:
11768:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11750:
11746:
11742:
11738:
11737:Hydrobiologia
11731:
11729:
11725:
11720:
11716:
11712:
11708:
11704:
11700:
11692:
11690:
11686:
11679:
11674:
11670:
11666:
11663:
11660:
11656:
11652:
11649:
11646:
11642:
11638:
11634:
11631:
11628:
11624:
11620:
11617:
11614:
11610:
11606:
11603:
11600:
11596:
11592:
11589:
11586:
11582:
11578:
11575:
11572:
11568:
11564:
11560:
11557:
11554:
11550:
11546:
11542:
11539:
11538:
11535:
11534:South America
11532:
11527:
11523:
11519:
11515:
11512:
11509:
11505:
11501:
11500:Mount Gambier
11498:
11495:
11491:
11487:
11483:
11480:
11477:
11473:
11472:United States
11469:
11465:
11462:
11459:
11455:
11451:
11448:
11445:
11441:
11437:
11434:
11433:
11430:
11427:
11422:
11418:
11417:United States
11414:
11410:
11407:
11404:
11400:
11396:
11392:
11389:
11386:
11382:
11378:
11374:
11371:
11368:
11364:
11360:
11359:United States
11356:
11352:
11349:
11346:
11342:
11341:United States
11338:
11334:
11331:
11328:
11324:
11323:United States
11320:
11316:
11315:San Francisco
11313:
11310:
11306:
11305:United States
11302:
11298:
11295:
11292:
11288:
11287:United States
11284:
11280:
11277:
11274:
11270:
11266:
11265:United States
11262:
11258:
11255:
11252:
11248:
11247:United States
11244:
11240:
11237:
11234:
11230:
11226:
11222:
11219:
11218:
11215:
11214:North America
11212:
11207:
11203:
11200:
11197:
11193:
11189:
11186:
11183:
11179:
11175:
11172:
11169:
11165:
11161:
11158:
11155:
11151:
11147:
11144:
11141:
11137:
11133:
11129:
11126:
11123:
11119:
11115:
11112:
11109:
11105:
11101:
11098:
11095:
11091:
11087:
11084:
11081:
11077:
11073:
11069:
11066:
11063:
11059:
11055:
11052:
11049:
11045:
11041:
11038:
11035:
11031:
11027:
11024:
11021:
11017:
11013:
11009:
11006:
11003:
10999:
10995:
10992:
10989:
10985:
10981:
10978:
10975:
10971:
10967:
10964:
10961:
10957:
10953:
10950:
10947:
10943:
10939:
10936:
10933:
10929:
10925:
10922:
10919:
10915:
10911:
10907:
10903:
10900:
10897:
10893:
10889:
10886:
10883:
10879:
10875:
10872:
10869:
10865:
10861:
10858:
10855:
10851:
10848:
10845:
10841:
10837:
10833:
10830:
10827:
10823:
10819:
10816:
10813:
10809:
10805:
10802:
10799:
10795:
10791:
10788:
10785:
10781:
10777:
10774:
10771:
10767:
10763:
10759:
10756:
10753:
10749:
10745:
10741:
10738:
10735:
10731:
10727:
10724:
10721:
10717:
10713:
10710:
10707:
10703:
10700:
10697:
10693:
10689:
10685:
10682:
10679:
10675:
10671:
10668:
10665:
10661:
10657:
10654:
10651:
10647:
10643:
10640:
10637:
10633:
10629:
10626:
10623:
10619:
10615:
10611:
10608:
10605:
10601:
10597:
10593:
10590:
10587:
10583:
10579:
10575:
10572:
10569:
10565:
10561:
10557:
10553:
10550:
10547:
10543:
10539:
10536:
10533:
10529:
10525:
10522:
10521:
10518:
10515:
10510:
10506:
10502:
10499:
10496:
10492:
10488:
10485:
10482:
10478:
10474:
10471:
10468:
10464:
10460:
10456:
10453:
10450:
10446:
10442:
10439:
10436:
10432:
10428:
10425:
10422:
10418:
10414:
10411:
10408:
10404:
10400:
10396:
10393:
10390:
10386:
10382:
10379:
10376:
10372:
10368:
10365:
10362:
10358:
10354:
10351:
10348:
10344:
10340:
10336:
10333:
10330:
10326:
10322:
10319:
10316:
10312:
10308:
10305:
10302:
10298:
10294:
10291:
10288:
10284:
10280:
10277:
10274:
10270:
10266:
10263:
10260:
10256:
10252:
10249:
10246:
10242:
10238:
10235:
10232:
10228:
10224:
10221:
10218:
10214:
10210:
10207:
10204:
10200:
10196:
10193:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10179:
10176:
10172:
10168:
10164:
10161:
10158:
10154:
10150:
10147:
10144:
10140:
10136:
10133:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10119:
10116:
10112:
10108:
10105:
10104:
10101:
10098:
10093:
10089:
10085:
10082:
10079:
10075:
10071:
10068:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10054:
10051:
10047:
10043:
10040:
10037:
10033:
10029:
10026:
10023:
10019:
10015:
10012:
10009:
10005:
10001:
9998:
9995:
9991:
9987:
9984:
9981:
9977:
9973:
9970:
9969:
9966:
9963:
9958:
9943:
9935:
9903:
9872:
9841:
9810:
9779:
9748:
9717:
9686:
9655:
9624:
9593:
9562:
9561:
9557:
9554:
9551:
9548:
9545:
9542:
9539:
9536:
9533:
9530:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9507:
9502:
9494:
9486:
9454:
9423:
9392:
9361:
9330:
9299:
9268:
9237:
9206:
9175:
9144:
9113:
9112:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9037:
9034:
9031:
9030:
9014:
9006:
8974:
8943:
8912:
8881:
8850:
8819:
8788:
8757:
8726:
8695:
8664:
8633:
8632:
8628:
8625:
8622:
8619:
8616:
8613:
8610:
8607:
8604:
8601:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8589:
8586:
8585:
8576:
8568:
8560:
8528:
8497:
8466:
8435:
8404:
8373:
8342:
8311:
8280:
8249:
8218:
8187:
8186:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8124:
8121:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8111:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8088:
8080:
8048:
8017:
7986:
7955:
7924:
7893:
7862:
7831:
7800:
7769:
7738:
7707:
7706:
7702:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7690:
7687:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7652:
7649:
7644:
7636:
7628:
7596:
7565:
7534:
7503:
7472:
7441:
7410:
7379:
7348:
7317:
7286:
7255:
7254:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7162:Arctic Circle
7159:
7155:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7139:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7124:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7109:Sierra Nevada
7106:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7089:
7087:
7079:
7074:
7066:
7057:
7050:
7035:
7027:
6995:
6964:
6933:
6902:
6871:
6840:
6809:
6778:
6747:
6716:
6685:
6654:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6599:
6594:
6586:
6578:
6546:
6515:
6484:
6453:
6422:
6391:
6360:
6329:
6298:
6267:
6236:
6205:
6204:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6106:
6098:
6066:
6035:
6004:
5973:
5942:
5911:
5880:
5849:
5818:
5787:
5756:
5725:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5670:
5665:
5657:
5649:
5617:
5586:
5555:
5524:
5493:
5462:
5431:
5400:
5369:
5338:
5307:
5276:
5275:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5177:
5169:
5137:
5106:
5075:
5044:
5013:
4982:
4951:
4920:
4889:
4858:
4827:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4736:
4728:
4720:
4688:
4657:
4626:
4595:
4564:
4533:
4502:
4471:
4440:
4409:
4378:
4347:
4346:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:Northern Iran
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4103:
4088:
4080:
4048:
4017:
3986:
3955:
3924:
3893:
3862:
3831:
3800:
3769:
3738:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3599:
3568:
3537:
3506:
3475:
3444:
3413:
3382:
3351:
3320:
3289:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3159:
3151:
3119:
3088:
3057:
3026:
2995:
2964:
2933:
2902:
2871:
2840:
2809:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2673:
2642:
2611:
2580:
2549:
2518:
2487:
2456:
2425:
2394:
2363:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2232:
2224:
2192:
2161:
2130:
2099:
2068:
2037:
2006:
1975:
1944:
1913:
1882:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1743:
1712:
1681:
1650:
1619:
1588:
1557:
1526:
1495:
1464:
1433:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:Wasatch Front
1294:
1293:Sierra Nevada
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1200:(Heaths) and
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1179:urban sprawls
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:Fruit trees:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
947:low fertility
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
888:
885:
877:
872:
865:
861:
857:
850:
845:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
802:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
748:San Francisco
745:
741:
737:
728:
723:
713:
710:
702:
692:
688:
682:
681:
676:This section
674:
670:
665:
664:
658:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:precipitation
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
583:
579:
578:subsiding air
575:
571:
563:
557:
546:
543:
535:
524:
521:
517:
514:
510:
507:
503:
500:
496:
493: –
492:
488:
487:Find sources:
481:
477:
471:
470:
465:This Section
463:
459:
454:
453:
448:Precipitation
447:
445:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
337:
336:
331:
330:
324:
317:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
257:climate zones
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
185:
184:
171:
123:
114:
104:
94:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
26:
22:
12989:
12981:
12973:
12952:
12944:
12923:
12921:
12915:
12907:
12886:
12878:
12859:
12851:
12843:
12771:
12753:. Retrieved
12743:
12731:. Retrieved
12717:
12709:the original
12699:
12687:. Retrieved
12680:the original
12667:
12656:. Retrieved
12643:
12619:(21): 2470.
12616:
12612:
12602:
12590:. Retrieved
12576:
12564:. Retrieved
12555:
12546:
12534:. Retrieved
12520:
12506:
12500:. June 1980.
12496:
12489:
12479:
12471:
12461:
12454:
12442:. Retrieved
12428:
12416:. Retrieved
12402:
12387:
12375:. Retrieved
12361:
12349:. Retrieved
12335:
12323:. Retrieved
12313:
12301:. Retrieved
12288:
12276:. Retrieved
12272:the original
12262:
12252:26 September
12250:. Retrieved
12246:the original
12230:
12223:
12198:
12194:
12187:
12170:
12166:
12160:
12148:. Retrieved
12139:
12130:
12118:. Retrieved
12113:
12104:
12092:. Retrieved
12087:
12078:
12066:. Retrieved
12056:
12044:. Retrieved
12039:
12030:
12018:. Retrieved
12013:
12004:
11993:. Retrieved
11989:
11979:
11968:. Retrieved
11966:. Britannica
11958:
11946:. Retrieved
11919:
11915:
11905:
11893:. Retrieved
11871:
11867:
11835:. Retrieved
11807:
11803:
11740:
11736:
11702:
11698:
11672:
11658:
11644:
11640:
11626:
11612:
11598:
11584:
11570:
11566:
11552:
11525:
11521:
11514:Port Lincoln
11507:
11493:
11489:
11475:
11457:
11443:
11420:
11402:
11384:
11366:
11362:
11344:
11326:
11308:
11290:
11272:
11268:
11250:
11232:
11205:
11202:Vatican City
11195:
11181:
11167:
11153:
11139:
11135:
11121:
11107:
11093:
11079:
11075:
11061:
11047:
11033:
11019:
11015:
11001:
10987:
10973:
10959:
10945:
10931:
10917:
10913:
10902:Novorossiysk
10895:
10881:
10867:
10853:
10843:
10825:
10811:
10797:
10783:
10769:
10765:
10751:
10747:
10733:
10719:
10705:
10695:
10691:
10677:
10663:
10649:
10635:
10621:
10617:
10603:
10599:
10585:
10581:
10567:
10563:
10545:
10531:
10508:
10494:
10480:
10466:
10462:
10448:
10434:
10420:
10406:
10402:
10388:
10374:
10360:
10346:
10342:
10328:
10314:
10300:
10286:
10272:
10258:
10244:
10230:
10216:
10202:
10188:
10174:
10170:
10156:
10142:
10128:
10114:
10091:
10077:
10063:
10049:
10035:
10021:
10018:South Africa
10007:
9993:
9979:
7165:
7160:, above the
7151:
7142:
7140:
7127:
7125:
7116:
7112:
7092:
7090:
7085:
7083:
7077:
7064:
4238:Bognor Regis
4225:South Africa
4185:Norte region
4172:
4171:
4168:
4141:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4117:
2723:Source: HNMS
1795:Metéo France
1307:west of the
1295:, along the
1291:west of the
1277:Central Asia
1273:South Africa
1264:
1263:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1194:Restionaceae
1183:
1171:renosterveld
1167:South Africa
1155:Oxnard Plain
1144:
1114:bunchgrasses
1107:
1087:
1082:Sub-shrubs:
1058:
1052:
991:
959:
932:
881:
824:
821:microclimate
816:
812:
810:
805:
795:climatologic
793:As in every
792:
759:temperatures
756:
732:
705:
696:
685:Please help
680:verification
677:
638:
616:significant
610:
586:
567:
554:
538:
529:
519:
512:
505:
498:
486:
474:Please help
469:verification
466:
437:
431:
406:
382:
378:
374:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
341:
333:
327:
292:South Africa
269:
254:
238:Central Asia
207:
196:
195:
187:
121:
119:
112:
102:
76:
67:
44:
12613:Remote Sens
12566:15 February
12444:21 February
12418:21 February
11948:27 February
11895:27 February
11837:27 February
11743:: 331–351.
11494:Csc/Cfb/Cfc
11409:Walla Walla
11351:Spirit Lake
10860:Montpellier
10568:Csb/Cfa/Cfb
10431:Afghanistan
10413:Siah Bisheh
10321:Khorramabad
9041:explanation
8115:explanation
7183:explanation
7123:in Hawaii.
6133:explanation
5204:explanation
4275:explanation
4156:Siah Bisheh
3186:explanation
2260:explanation
1330:explanation
1224:diversity.
1147:agriculture
1136:Helichrysum
951:mutualistic
904:sclerophyll
876:Costa Brava
659:Temperature
592:, the cold
570:anticyclone
532:August 2023
442:subtropical
403:New Zealand
332:) and hot (
13022:Subtropics
13006:Categories
12951:Subarctic
12908:(Cfa, Cwa)
12887:(BSh, BSk)
12885:Semi-arid
12879:(BWh, BWk)
12733:3 November
12689:15 January
12658:2021-07-05
12325:August 30,
12201:: 93–118.
12140:www.ign.es
11995:2023-08-01
11970:2023-08-01
11758:2445/48186
11680:References
11591:Concepción
11413:Washington
11355:Washington
11337:Washington
11319:California
11301:California
11283:California
11279:Sacramento
11188:Valladolid
11012:Montenegro
10459:Uzbekistan
10307:Kermanshah
10199:Tajikistan
10181:Diyarbakır
10000:Casablanca
7154:Røstlandet
4242:Teignmouth
4203:, western
4201:Washington
1289:California
1259:Casablanca
1255:Kermanshah
1206:Proteaceae
1159:California
1073:Bay laurel
999:eucalyptus
918:in Chile,
833:rainshadow
815:or even a
590:California
502:newspapers
342:Under the
338:) summers.
272:vegetation
54:improve it
12303:April 26,
12173:: 51–81.
12150:6 October
11633:Lonquimay
11581:Argentina
11577:Bariloche
11559:Balmaceda
11549:Argentina
11518:Australia
11504:Australia
11486:Australia
11464:Haleakalā
11454:Australia
11440:Australia
11086:Salamanca
11008:Podgorica
10980:Perpignan
10818:Marseille
10740:Kardzhali
10726:Heraklion
10702:Gibraltar
10592:Barcelona
10381:Prodromos
10293:Jerusalem
10223:Gaziantep
10014:Cape Town
7651:infochile
4258:Venezuela
4221:Australia
4195:, in the
4137:latitudes
2253:, Greece
1190:diversity
1140:Penstemon
1102:Grasses:
1098:sagebrush
1094:grevillea
1075:and some
1007:melaleuca
1003:casuarina
943:perennial
912:chaparral
900:semi-arid
866:, Croatia
788:semi-arid
772:wildfires
752:upwelling
653:Holy Land
651:. In the
645:Gibraltar
572:over the
434:Trewartha
399:Argentina
284:chaparral
230:Southwest
226:Cape Town
58:verifying
12990:(ET, EF)
12980:Ice cap
12914:Oceanic
12860:(Aw, As)
12727:Archived
12592:2 August
12586:Archived
12560:Archived
12536:2 August
12530:Archived
12438:Archived
12412:Archived
12392:Archived
12377:28 March
12371:Archived
12351:2 August
12345:Archived
12278:April 7,
12144:Archived
11942:Archived
11886:Archived
11828:Archived
11767:17658477
11719:84679634
11655:Colombia
11482:Liawenee
11466:Summit,
11436:Adelaide
11391:Victoria
11297:San Jose
11239:Portland
11150:Portugal
11030:Portugal
10998:Portugal
10794:Portugal
10744:Bulgaria
10716:Portugal
10688:Portugal
10670:Florence
10660:Portugal
10628:Cagliari
10560:Portugal
10473:Tel Aviv
10455:Tashkent
10395:Sanandaj
10195:Dushanbe
10167:Pakistan
9959:Examples
9504:Source:
7646:Source:
6596:Source:
5667:Source:
4738:Source:
4254:Colombia
4231:such as
4189:Portugal
4183:and the
4179:(namely
4144:altitude
3649:Source:
1793:Source:
1222:cultivar
1210:Banksias
1163:Overberg
1128:Achillea
1089:Halimium
1084:lavender
1065:buckeyes
1049:rosemary
1047:Shrubs:
1021:sycamore
970:droughts
916:matorral
864:Dalmatia
851:, Greece
740:Tashkent
729:, Turkey
727:Ölüdeniz
699:May 2024
649:Dead Sea
559:—
413:such as
300:matorral
276:garrigue
70:May 2022
12988:Alpine
12972:Tundra
12964:Class E
12935:Class D
12898:Class C
12870:Class B
12834:Class A
12822:Climate
12755:20 July
12621:Bibcode
12465:. 1994.
12114:mgm.gov
12064:. AEMET
11924:Bibcode
11812:Bibcode
11619:Linares
11609:Ecuador
11541:Aluminé
11429:Oceania
11333:Seattle
11221:Nanaimo
11174:Valetta
11164:Croatia
11132:Albania
11128:Shkodër
11114:Seville
10994:Peniche
10938:Palermo
10832:Menorca
10762:Albania
10684:Funchal
10642:Córdoba
10524:Ajaccio
10427:Taloqan
10353:Latakia
10335:Kütahya
10163:Chitral
10139:Lebanon
10121:Antalya
10088:Tunisia
10074:Algeria
10070:Tlemcen
10060:Morocco
10056:Tangier
10032:Morocco
10004:Morocco
9976:Algeria
9972:Algiers
7147:Corsica
7105:Klamath
7101:Cascade
7097:Olympic
4246:Ecuador
4229:England
4181:Galicia
1218:species
1202:Proteas
1126:Herbs:
1069:chamise
1060:Banksia
1039:walnuts
1015:cypress
962:abiotic
939:grazing
935:drought
928:kwongan
898:and/or
896:oceanic
849:Lefkada
744:Seville
736:Funchal
606:diurnal
594:current
516:scholar
415:Madeira
387:Oceanic
261:equator
214:climate
200:, is a
183:-nee-ən
179:-ih-tə-
52:Please
12877:Desert
12238:
12215:186919
12213:
11765:
11717:
11665:Sewell
11605:Ibarra
11468:Hawaii
11450:Albany
11399:Canada
11381:Mexico
11373:Tecate
11243:Oregon
11229:Canada
11146:Sintra
11072:Norway
10984:France
10970:Greece
10966:Patras
10910:Russia
10892:France
10874:Naples
10864:France
10850:Monaco
10822:France
10804:Málaga
10790:Lisbon
10730:Greece
10712:Guarda
10578:Greece
10574:Athens
10542:Greece
10528:France
10517:Europe
10491:Turkey
10477:Israel
10441:Tartus
10385:Cyprus
10371:Turkey
10367:Mersin
10339:Turkey
10297:Israel
10283:Turkey
10269:Jordan
10227:Turkey
10185:Turkey
10153:Turkey
10135:Beirut
10125:Turkey
10111:Turkey
10042:Nakuru
9965:Africa
9920:
9917:
9909:
9906:
9889:
9886:
9878:
9875:
9858:
9855:
9847:
9844:
9827:
9824:
9816:
9813:
9796:
9793:
9785:
9782:
9765:
9762:
9754:
9751:
9734:
9731:
9723:
9720:
9703:
9700:
9692:
9689:
9672:
9669:
9661:
9658:
9641:
9638:
9630:
9627:
9610:
9607:
9599:
9596:
9579:
9576:
9568:
9565:
9471:
9468:
9460:
9457:
9440:
9437:
9429:
9426:
9409:
9406:
9398:
9395:
9378:
9375:
9367:
9364:
9347:
9344:
9336:
9333:
9316:
9313:
9305:
9302:
9285:
9282:
9274:
9271:
9254:
9251:
9243:
9240:
9223:
9220:
9212:
9209:
9192:
9189:
9181:
9178:
9161:
9158:
9150:
9147:
9130:
9127:
9119:
9116:
8991:
8988:
8980:
8977:
8960:
8957:
8949:
8946:
8929:
8926:
8918:
8915:
8898:
8895:
8887:
8884:
8867:
8864:
8856:
8853:
8836:
8833:
8825:
8822:
8805:
8802:
8794:
8791:
8774:
8771:
8763:
8760:
8743:
8740:
8732:
8729:
8712:
8709:
8701:
8698:
8681:
8678:
8670:
8667:
8650:
8647:
8639:
8636:
8545:
8542:
8534:
8531:
8514:
8511:
8503:
8500:
8483:
8480:
8472:
8469:
8452:
8449:
8441:
8438:
8421:
8418:
8410:
8407:
8390:
8387:
8379:
8376:
8359:
8356:
8348:
8345:
8328:
8325:
8317:
8314:
8297:
8294:
8286:
8283:
8266:
8263:
8255:
8252:
8235:
8232:
8224:
8221:
8204:
8201:
8193:
8190:
8065:
8062:
8054:
8051:
8034:
8031:
8023:
8020:
8003:
8000:
7992:
7989:
7972:
7969:
7961:
7958:
7941:
7938:
7930:
7927:
7910:
7907:
7899:
7896:
7879:
7876:
7868:
7865:
7848:
7845:
7837:
7834:
7817:
7814:
7806:
7803:
7786:
7783:
7775:
7772:
7755:
7752:
7744:
7741:
7724:
7721:
7713:
7710:
7613:
7610:
7602:
7599:
7582:
7579:
7571:
7568:
7551:
7548:
7540:
7537:
7520:
7517:
7509:
7506:
7489:
7486:
7478:
7475:
7458:
7455:
7447:
7444:
7427:
7424:
7416:
7413:
7396:
7393:
7385:
7382:
7365:
7362:
7354:
7351:
7334:
7331:
7323:
7320:
7303:
7300:
7292:
7289:
7272:
7269:
7261:
7258:
7107:, and
7061:
7012:
7009:
7001:
6998:
6981:
6978:
6970:
6967:
6950:
6947:
6939:
6936:
6919:
6916:
6908:
6905:
6888:
6885:
6877:
6874:
6857:
6854:
6846:
6843:
6826:
6823:
6815:
6812:
6795:
6792:
6784:
6781:
6764:
6761:
6753:
6750:
6733:
6730:
6722:
6719:
6702:
6699:
6691:
6688:
6671:
6668:
6660:
6657:
6563:
6560:
6552:
6549:
6532:
6529:
6521:
6518:
6501:
6498:
6490:
6487:
6470:
6467:
6459:
6456:
6439:
6436:
6428:
6425:
6408:
6405:
6397:
6394:
6377:
6374:
6366:
6363:
6346:
6343:
6335:
6332:
6315:
6312:
6304:
6301:
6284:
6281:
6273:
6270:
6253:
6250:
6242:
6239:
6222:
6219:
6211:
6208:
6083:
6080:
6072:
6069:
6052:
6049:
6041:
6038:
6021:
6018:
6010:
6007:
5990:
5987:
5979:
5976:
5959:
5956:
5948:
5945:
5928:
5925:
5917:
5914:
5897:
5894:
5886:
5883:
5866:
5863:
5855:
5852:
5835:
5832:
5824:
5821:
5804:
5801:
5793:
5790:
5773:
5770:
5762:
5759:
5742:
5739:
5731:
5728:
5634:
5631:
5623:
5620:
5603:
5600:
5592:
5589:
5572:
5569:
5561:
5558:
5541:
5538:
5530:
5527:
5510:
5507:
5499:
5496:
5479:
5476:
5468:
5465:
5448:
5445:
5437:
5434:
5417:
5414:
5406:
5403:
5386:
5383:
5375:
5372:
5355:
5352:
5344:
5341:
5324:
5321:
5313:
5310:
5293:
5290:
5282:
5279:
5154:
5151:
5143:
5140:
5123:
5120:
5112:
5109:
5092:
5089:
5081:
5078:
5061:
5058:
5050:
5047:
5030:
5027:
5019:
5016:
4999:
4996:
4988:
4985:
4968:
4965:
4957:
4954:
4937:
4934:
4926:
4923:
4906:
4903:
4895:
4892:
4875:
4872:
4864:
4861:
4844:
4841:
4833:
4830:
4813:
4810:
4802:
4799:
4705:
4702:
4694:
4691:
4674:
4671:
4663:
4660:
4643:
4640:
4632:
4629:
4612:
4609:
4601:
4598:
4581:
4578:
4570:
4567:
4550:
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4539:
4536:
4519:
4516:
4508:
4505:
4488:
4485:
4477:
4474:
4457:
4454:
4446:
4443:
4426:
4423:
4415:
4412:
4395:
4392:
4384:
4381:
4364:
4361:
4353:
4350:
4205:Oregon
4148:Menton
4114:
4065:
4062:
4054:
4051:
4034:
4031:
4023:
4020:
4003:
4000:
3992:
3989:
3972:
3969:
3961:
3958:
3941:
3938:
3930:
3927:
3910:
3907:
3899:
3896:
3879:
3876:
3868:
3865:
3848:
3845:
3837:
3834:
3817:
3814:
3806:
3803:
3786:
3783:
3775:
3772:
3755:
3752:
3744:
3741:
3724:
3721:
3713:
3710:
3616:
3613:
3605:
3602:
3585:
3582:
3574:
3571:
3554:
3551:
3543:
3540:
3523:
3520:
3512:
3509:
3492:
3489:
3481:
3478:
3461:
3458:
3450:
3447:
3430:
3427:
3419:
3416:
3399:
3396:
3388:
3385:
3368:
3365:
3357:
3354:
3337:
3334:
3326:
3323:
3306:
3303:
3295:
3292:
3275:
3272:
3264:
3261:
3136:
3133:
3125:
3122:
3105:
3102:
3094:
3091:
3074:
3071:
3063:
3060:
3043:
3040:
3032:
3029:
3012:
3009:
3001:
2998:
2981:
2978:
2970:
2967:
2950:
2947:
2939:
2936:
2919:
2916:
2908:
2905:
2888:
2885:
2877:
2874:
2857:
2854:
2846:
2843:
2826:
2823:
2815:
2812:
2795:
2792:
2784:
2781:
2690:
2687:
2679:
2676:
2659:
2656:
2648:
2645:
2628:
2625:
2617:
2614:
2597:
2594:
2586:
2583:
2566:
2563:
2555:
2552:
2535:
2532:
2524:
2521:
2504:
2501:
2493:
2490:
2473:
2470:
2462:
2459:
2442:
2439:
2431:
2428:
2411:
2408:
2400:
2397:
2380:
2377:
2369:
2366:
2349:
2346:
2338:
2335:
2209:
2206:
2198:
2195:
2178:
2175:
2167:
2164:
2147:
2144:
2136:
2133:
2116:
2113:
2105:
2102:
2085:
2082:
2074:
2071:
2054:
2051:
2043:
2040:
2023:
2020:
2012:
2009:
1992:
1989:
1981:
1978:
1961:
1958:
1950:
1947:
1930:
1927:
1919:
1916:
1899:
1896:
1888:
1885:
1868:
1865:
1857:
1854:
1760:
1757:
1749:
1746:
1729:
1726:
1718:
1715:
1698:
1695:
1687:
1684:
1667:
1664:
1656:
1653:
1636:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1605:
1602:
1594:
1591:
1574:
1571:
1563:
1560:
1543:
1540:
1532:
1529:
1512:
1509:
1501:
1498:
1481:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1450:
1447:
1439:
1436:
1419:
1416:
1408:
1405:
1305:Oregon
1238:
1198:Ericas
1186:fynbos
1132:Dietes
1122:rushes
1120:, and
1118:sedges
1043:grapes
1013:, and
976:, and
974:floods
924:mallee
920:fynbos
908:maquis
602:desert
576:bring
574:oceans
518:
511:
504:
497:
489:
432:Under
427:Azores
417:, the
312:olives
308:grapes
296:mallee
294:, the
288:fynbos
280:maquis
242:desert
222:Iberia
192:Köppen
109:
99:
12683:(PDF)
12676:(PDF)
12297:(PDF)
12211:S2CID
12120:1 May
12094:1 May
12090:. WMO
12068:1 May
12046:1 May
12020:1 May
12016:. WMO
11889:(PDF)
11864:(PDF)
11831:(PDF)
11800:(PDF)
11763:S2CID
11715:S2CID
11669:Chile
11651:Pasto
11637:Chile
11623:Chile
11595:Chile
11563:Chile
11257:Provo
11192:Spain
11178:Malta
11160:Split
11118:Spain
11104:Spain
11090:Spain
11058:Italy
11044:Italy
11040:Rieti
11026:Porto
10956:Spain
10942:Italy
10924:Ohrid
10878:Italy
10840:Spain
10808:Spain
10780:Spain
10758:Korcë
10674:Italy
10646:Spain
10632:Italy
10614:Italy
10596:Spain
10501:Yasuj
10445:Syria
10357:Syria
10279:İzmir
10265:Irbid
10241:Syria
10209:Erbil
10149:Bursa
10107:Adana
10084:Tunis
10046:Kenya
9990:Libya
9986:Bayda
7156:, in
7132:Andes
4217:Chile
1175:wheat
1054:Erica
1031:olive
978:fires
887:biome
780:Erbil
523:JSTOR
509:books
395:Chile
304:wheat
12982:(EF)
12974:(ET)
12852:(Am)
12844:(Af)
12757:2022
12735:2013
12691:2013
12594:2010
12568:2013
12538:2010
12446:2019
12420:2019
12379:2020
12353:2010
12327:2022
12305:2024
12280:2015
12254:2012
12236:ISBN
12152:2010
12122:2024
12096:2024
12070:2024
12048:2024
12022:2024
11950:2011
11897:2011
11839:2011
11261:Utah
11068:Røst
11054:Rome
10888:Nice
10776:León
10656:Faro
10610:Bari
10505:Iran
10487:Urfa
10417:Iran
10399:Iran
10325:Iran
10311:Iran
10255:Iran
10251:Ilam
10237:Homs
10213:Iraq
10100:Asia
4250:Peru
4240:and
1301:Utah
1285:Iraq
1283:and
1281:Iran
1220:and
1184:The
1153:and
1138:and
1096:and
1077:oaks
1041:and
1035:figs
1011:pine
926:and
882:The
784:arid
776:Urfa
767:snow
641:Rain
556:sun.
495:news
310:and
244:and
232:and
12629:doi
12203:doi
12199:719
12175:doi
11932:doi
11876:doi
11820:doi
11753:hdl
11745:doi
11741:719
11707:doi
11673:Csb
11659:Csb
11645:Cfb
11641:Csb
11627:Csb
11613:Csb
11599:Csb
11585:Csb
11571:Csc
11567:Csb
11553:Csb
11526:Cfb
11522:Csb
11508:Csb
11490:Csb
11476:Csc
11458:Csb
11444:Csa
11421:Csa
11403:Csb
11385:Csa
11367:Dsc
11363:Csc
11345:Csb
11327:Csb
11309:Csb
11291:Csa
11273:Dsa
11269:Csa
11251:Csb
11233:Csb
11206:Csa
11196:Csb
11182:Csa
11168:Csa
11154:Csb
11140:Cfa
11136:Csa
11122:Csa
11108:Csb
11094:Csb
11080:Cfc
11076:Csc
11062:Csa
11048:Csb
11034:Csb
11020:Cfa
11016:Csa
11002:Csb
10988:Csa
10974:Csa
10960:Csa
10946:Csa
10932:Csb
10918:Cfa
10914:Csa
10896:Csa
10882:Csa
10868:Csa
10854:Csa
10844:Csa
10826:Csa
10812:Csa
10798:Csa
10784:Csb
10770:Dsb
10766:Csb
10752:Cfa
10748:Csa
10734:Csa
10720:Csb
10706:Csa
10692:Csa
10678:Csa
10664:Csa
10650:Csa
10636:Csa
10622:Cfa
10618:Csa
10604:Cfa
10600:Csa
10586:BSh
10582:Csa
10564:Csa
10546:Csa
10532:Csa
10509:Csa
10495:Csa
10481:Csa
10467:BSk
10463:Csa
10449:Csa
10435:Csa
10421:Csb
10407:Dsa
10403:Csa
10389:Csa
10375:Csa
10361:Csa
10347:Dsb
10343:Csb
10329:Csa
10315:Csa
10301:Csa
10287:Csa
10273:Csa
10259:Csa
10245:Csa
10231:Csa
10217:Csa
10203:Csa
10189:Csa
10175:BSk
10171:Csa
10157:Csa
10143:Csa
10129:Csa
10115:Csa
10092:Csa
10078:Csa
10064:Csa
10050:Csb
10036:Csa
10028:Fez
10022:Csb
10008:Csa
9994:Csb
9980:Csa
9913:2.3
9882:2.5
9851:2.7
9820:4.4
9789:5.1
9758:4.7
9727:4.1
9696:3.5
9665:2.6
9634:2.5
9603:1.5
9572:1.9
9371:111
9340:129
9309:120
9278:104
8984:4.7
8953:4.1
8922:1.3
8891:1.6
8860:1.1
8829:0.5
8798:0.4
8767:1.4
8705:3.1
8674:3.6
8538:119
8507:104
8352:9.4
8290:102
8197:203
8058:1.2
8027:1.1
7996:1.2
7965:1.9
7934:2.8
7903:3.3
7872:3.4
7841:3.6
7810:2.1
7779:1.5
7748:0.8
7717:1.1
7648:DMC
7166:Csc
7143:Csc
7128:Csc
7117:Csa
7113:Csb
7093:Csc
7086:Csc
7078:Csc
7065:Csc
7005:0.7
6974:0.6
6943:1.2
6912:1.6
6850:3.2
6819:3.7
6788:2.7
6757:1.6
6726:0.8
6695:0.7
6664:0.6
6598:WMO
6076:4.3
6045:3.9
5983:1.1
5952:0.8
5921:0.6
5890:0.8
5828:1.1
5797:1.8
5766:2.8
5735:3.7
5627:109
5147:7.7
5116:6.2
5085:5.4
5054:2.8
5023:1.1
4992:0.7
4961:1.8
4930:3.8
4899:4.6
4868:3.5
4837:5.5
4806:6.2
4698:195
4667:158
4636:138
4450:116
4388:140
4357:158
4211:in
4173:Csb
4158:in
4127:Csb
4118:Csb
4058:0.5
4027:0.9
3996:2.1
3965:3.2
3934:5.3
3903:6.7
3841:4.6
3810:1.7
3779:0.8
3748:0.5
3717:0.4
3651:BoM
3485:134
3454:170
3423:177
3392:118
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