866:-speaking neighbors. Linguistic evidence also indicates that the customs of milking cattle were also directly modeled from Cushitic cultures in the area. Cattle terminology in southern African Bantu languages differs from that found among more northerly Bantu-speaking peoples. One recent suggestion is that Cushitic speakers had moved south earlier and interacted with the most northerly of Khoisan speakers who acquired cattle from them and that the earliest arriving Bantu speakers, in turn, got their initial cattle from Cushitic-influenced Khwe-speaking people. Under this hypothesis, larger later Bantu-speaking immigration subsequently displaced or assimilated that southernmost extension of the range of Cushitic speakers.
692:
2471:" to the eleven rural reserve areas intended for nominal independence to deny indigenous Bantu South Africans citizenship. "Bantustan" originally reflected an analogy to the various ethnic "-stans" of Western and Central Asia. Again association with apartheid discredited the term, and the South African government shifted to the politically appealing but historically deceptive term "ethnic homelands". Meanwhile, the anti-apartheid movement persisted in calling the areas bantustans, to drive home their political illegitimacy.
287:
808:
the East
African Bantu AAC (the latter is also present in Bantu speakers from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda). The results indicate distinct East African Bantu migration into southern Africa and are consistent with linguistic and archeological evidence of East African Bantu migration from an area west of Lake Victoria and the incorporation of Khoekhoe ancestry into several of the Southeast Bantu populations ~1500 to 1000 years ago.
2400:
4395:
946:
3852:
365:. People speaking Bantu languages refer to their languages by ethnic endonyms, which did not have an indigenous concept prior to European contact for the larger ethnolinguistic phylum named by 19th-century European linguists. Bleek's coinage was inspired by the anthropological observation of groups self-identifying as "people" or "the true people". That is, idiomatically the reflexes of *
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43:
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3624:
838:
by 1000 BC, expanding further from there as the rich environment supported dense populations. Possible movements by small groups to the southeast from the Great Lakes region could have been more rapid, with initial settlements widely dispersed near the coast and near rivers, because of comparatively
699:
Scientists from the
Institut Pasteur and the CNRS, together with a broad international consortium, retraced the migratory routes of the Bantu populations, which were previously a source of debate. The scientists used data from a vast genomic analysis of more than 2,000 samples taken from individuals
1191:. With the arrival of European colonialists, the Zanzibar Sultanate came into direct trade conflict and competition with Portuguese and other Europeans along the Swahili Coast, leading eventually to the fall of the Sultanate and the end of slave trading on the Swahili Coast in the mid-20th century.
807:
Genetic analysis shows a significant clustered variation of genetic traits among Bantu language speakers by region, suggesting admixture from prior local populations. Bantu speakers of South Africa (Xhosa, Venda) showed substantial levels of the SAK and
Western African Bantu AACs and low levels of
721:
that may have been the most populous group on the planet prior to the Bantu expansion. Biochemist
Stephan Schuster of Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and colleagues found that the Khoisan population began a drastic decline when the Bantu farmers spread through Africa 4,000 years ago.
720:
populations across southern Africa remaining in existence into the era of
European contact. Archaeological evidence attests to their presence in areas subsequently occupied by Bantu speakers. Researchers have demonstrated that the Khoisan of the Kalahari are remnants of a huge ancestral population
643:
Within the fierce debate among linguists about the word "Bantu", Seidensticker (2024) indicates that there has been a "profound conceptual trend in which a "purely technical without any non-linguistic connotations was transformed into a designation referring indiscriminately to language, culture,
795:
Before the Bantu expansion had been definitively traced starting from their origins in the region between
Cameroon and Nigeria, two main scenarios of the Bantu expansion were hypothesized: an early expansion to Central Africa and a single origin of the dispersal radiating from there, or an early
704:
to trace the Bantu expansion. During a wave of expansion that began 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, Bantu-speaking populations â some 310 million people as of 2023 â gradually left their original homeland West-Central Africa and travelled to the eastern and southern regions of the
African continent.
980:
From the 12th century onward, the processes of state formation amongst Bantu peoples increased in frequency. This was the result of several factors such as a denser population (which led to more specialized divisions of labor, including military power while making emigration more difficult);
2657:"Guthrie (1967â71) names some 440 Bantu 'varieties', Grimes (2000) has 501 (minus a few 'extinct' or 'almost extinct', Bastin et al. (1999) have 542, Maho (this volume) has some 660, and Mann et al. (1987) have c. 680." Derek Nurse, 2006, "Bantu Languages", in the
730:
3203:
3038:
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Population of all of Sub-Saharan Africa, including the West
African and Sahel countries with no Bantu populations. Source: 995.7 million in 2016 according to the 2017 revision of the UN World Population Prospects, growth rate 2.5%
981:
technological developments in economic activity; and new techniques in the political-spiritual ritualisation of royalty as the source of national strength and health. Examples of such Bantu states include: the
2429:. By the 1970s this so discredited "Bantu" as an ethnic-racial designation that the apartheid government switched to the term "Black" in its official racial categorizations, restricting it to Bantu-speaking
2424:
governments adopted that usage officially, while the growing
African nationalist movement and its liberal allies turned to the term "African" instead, so that "Bantu" became identified with the policies of
185:, it is estimated that there are between 440 and 680 distinct languages. The total number of speakers is in the hundreds of millions, ranging at roughly 350 million in the mid-2010s (roughly 30% of the
2694:
Total population cannot be established with any accuracy due to the unavailability of precise census data from Sub-Saharan Africa. A number just above 200 million was cited in the early 2000s (see
839:
harsh farming conditions in areas farther from water. Recent archeological and linguistic evidence about population movements suggests that pioneering groups would have had reached parts of modern
3199:
3030:
3267:
Pollard, Elizabeth; Rosenberg, Clifford; Tignor, Robert (2011). Worlds
Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the World: From the Beginnings of Humankind to the Present. New York: Norton. p. 289.
174:. The languages are native to countries spread over a vast area from West Africa, to Central Africa, Southeast Africa and into Southern Africa. Bantu people also inhabit southern areas of
2715:
2703:
3507:
3720:
302:
Abantu is the Xhosa and Zulu word for people. It is the plural of the word 'umuntu', meaning 'person', and is based on the stem '--ntu', plus the plural prefix 'aba'.
200:
The larger of the individual Bantu groups have populations of several million, e.g.the large majority of West Africa, notably the most populous African nation Nigeria,
961:
Between the 9th and 15th centuries, Bantu-speaking states began to emerge in the Great Lakes region and in the savanna south of the Central African rainforests. The
2416:
In the 1920s, relatively liberal South Africans, missionaries, and the native African intelligentsia began to use the term "Bantu" in preference to "Native". After
3625:"Mutumba Mainga: Bulozi under the Luyana kings: political evolution and state formation in pre-colonial Zambia. xvii, 278 pp., 8 plates. London: Longman, 1973. ÂŁ4"
3754:
THE ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST THE APARTHEID REGIME IN THABAMOOPO DISTRICT OF THE LEBOWA HOMELAND, 1970 -1994: A CRITICAL HISTORICAL STUDY, page 47
3504:
Roger Blench, "Was there an interchange between Cushitic pastoralists and Khoisan speakers in the prehistory of Southern Africa and how can this be detected?"
683:, comparatively rapid dissemination taking roughly two millennia and dozens of human generations during the 1st millennium BC and the 1st millennium AD.
3601:
2739:
in Central-West Africa as of 2015 is estimated at between 2.5% and 2.8% p.a., for an annual increase of the Bantu population by about 8 to 10 million.
2040:
48:
2708:
1208:
3122:
2449:). In modern South Africa, the word's connection to apartheid has become so discredited that it is only used in its original linguistic meaning.
2358:
3695:
3572:
3428:
2758:
2642:
2556:
708:
During the Bantu expansion, Bantu-speaking peoples extirpated and displaced many earlier inhabitants, with only a few modern peoples such as
2887:"Pikunda-Munda and Batalimo-Maluba Archaeological Investigations of the Iron Age Settlement History of the Western and Northern Congo Basin"
3336:
2868:
2849:
1847:
3862:
691:
3737:
3681:
Roland Oliver, et al. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 21-25.
2793:
1617:
1171:
as a result of these interactions. The Bantu migrations, and centuries later the Indian Ocean slave trade, brought Bantu influence to
3505:
3814:
3008:
2110:
1373:
1160:. With its original speech community centered on the coastal parts of Zanzibar, Kenya, and Tanzania â a seaboard referred to as the
663:
Bantu languages derive from the Proto-Bantu reconstructed language, estimated to have been spoken about 4,000 to 3,000 years ago in
3717:
1240:
1152:
that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many
335:
329:
of 1862. The name was said to be coined to represent the word for "people" in loosely reconstructed Proto-Bantu, from the plural
194:
295:
4337:
3990:
3896:
3031:"The migration history of Bantu-speaking people: genomics reveals the benefits of admixture and sheds new light on slave trade"
2576:
167:
2674:
3172:
2695:
2421:
1430:
1204:
3539:
Tracing the 'Bantu Expansion' from its source: Dental nonmetric affinities among West African and neighboring populations
2597:
369:
in the numerous languages often have connotations of personal character traits as encompassed under the values system of
3738:"On the Origins and Admixture of Malagasy: New Evidence from High-Resolution Analyses of Paternal and Maternal Lineages"
2434:
1795:
922:
569:
157:
3707:
Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy, and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p. 114.
314:
2702:, citing 210 million). Population estimates for West-Central Africa were recognized as significantly too low by the
4292:
1568:
3150:
4004:
3718:
The Cambridge World History of Slavery: The ancient Mediterranean world. By Keith Bradley, Paul Cartledge. pg. 76
2508:
2028:
970:
855:
824:
533:
3067:"Khoisan hunter-gatherers have been the largest population throughout most of modern-human demographic history"
2077:
1960:
1879:
1145:
1136:
On the coastal section of East Africa, a mixed Bantu community developed through contact with Muslim Arab and
3994:
2208:
1992:
1936:
1900:
1463:
830:
According to the early-split scenario as hypothesized in the 1990s, the southward dispersal had reached the
597:
2456:
One of South Africa's politicians of recent times, General Bantubonke Harrington Holomisa (Bantubonke is a
4419:
4399:
2736:
2561:
2546:
2430:
1912:
1822:
1807:
1734:
1730:
1713:
1632:
186:
164:
126:
3065:
Hie Lim Kim; Aakrosh Ratan; George H. Perry; Alvaro Montenegro; Webb Miller; Stephan C. Schuster (2014).
2719:
4317:
3867:
2446:
2004:
1499:
1297:
1188:
1098:
831:
812:
425:
160:
3567:
The Rebirth of Bukalanga: A Manifesto for the Liberation of a Great People with a Proud History Part I
3129:
3927:
3292:
3078:
2966:
1090:
310:
193:). About 60 million speakers (2015), divided into some 200 ethnic or tribal groups, are found in the
1491:
3889:
2571:
2192:
1301:
1126:
1102:
969:
complex, a civilisation ancestral to the Shona people. Comparable sites in Southern Africa include
835:
421:
3690:
Isichei, Elizabeth Allo, A History of African Societies to 1870 Cambridge University Press, 1997,
3329:"African Genetics Study Revealing Origins, Migration And 'Startling Diversity' Of African Peoples"
2072:, Bandzabi, Bapunu, Bakuni, Bavili, Batsangui, Balari, Babémbé, Bayaka, Badondo, Bayaka, Bahumbu.
4373:
3652:
3550:
3478:
3470:
3328:
3250:
3242:
3000:
2922:
1070:
1050:
1038:
994:
863:
816:
701:
521:
393:
340:
4302:
3453:
Schoenbrun, David L. (1993). "We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes".
3353:"Y-chromosomal variation in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights into the history of NigerâCongo groups"
2886:
2634:
2628:
834:
by about 1500 BC and the southern savannas by 500 BC, while the eastward dispersal reached the
796:
separation into an eastward and a southward wave of dispersal, with one wave moving across the
309:, for the language families and its speakers, is an artificial term based on the reconstructed
4321:
4214:
3810:
3691:
3644:
3568:
3424:
3382:
3318:
3283:
3104:
2992:
2914:
2906:
2815:
Silverstein, Raymond O. (1968). "A note on the term "Bantu" as first used by W. H. I. Bleek".
2764:
2754:
2638:
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1365:
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1078:
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990:
962:
637:
370:
175:
3779:
An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400
3420:
3414:
2955:"Dispersals and genetic adaptation of Bantu-speaking populations in Africa and North America"
2865:
2846:
3636:
3595:
3542:
3462:
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3308:
3300:
3234:
3094:
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2298:
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1062:
1002:
982:
950:
859:
441:
433:
286:
190:
89:
3741:
2785:
2441:
and others were defining "Black" to mean all non-European South Africans (Bantus, Khoisan,
4327:
4306:
4240:
4147:
4075:
3965:
3932:
3922:
3724:
3511:
2872:
2853:
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2531:
2526:
2379:
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1985:
1863:
1398:
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1165:
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541:
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417:
291:
281:
171:
140:
130:
110:
79:
4142:
2954:
361:
There is no native term for the people who speak Bantu languages because they are not an
3296:
3082:
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4297:
4219:
4050:
4040:
3975:
3955:
3882:
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3313:
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2229:
2188:
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2032:
2016:
2000:
1904:
1851:
1791:
1613:
1605:
1422:
1414:
1281:
1157:
1137:
1018:
986:
966:
668:
629:
621:
589:
577:
553:
549:
509:
505:
481:
473:
465:
449:
413:
386:
378:
144:
74:
3123:"The Chronological Evidence for the Introduction of Domestic Stock in Southern Africa"
671:
Africa (the area of modern-day Cameroon). They were supposedly spread across Central,
4413:
4260:
4224:
3856:
3829:
Paths in the Rainforest: Toward a History of Political Tradition in Equatorial Africa
3656:
3554:
3482:
3332:
3254:
2926:
2551:
2302:
2274:
2233:
2225:
2094:
2061:
1996:
1977:
1758:
1754:
1742:
1677:
1556:
1552:
1516:
1487:
1483:
1394:
1357:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1309:
1161:
1074:
1058:
1030:
934:
844:
840:
709:
613:
605:
529:
501:
497:
322:
257:
249:
134:
17:
2515:
from 1912 to 1933, which carried columns written in English, Zulu, Sotho, and Xhosa.
2399:
843:
in South Africa sometime prior to the 3rd century AD along the coast and the modern
4363:
4065:
3998:
3984:
3969:
3004:
2671:
2417:
2266:
2237:
2196:
2156:
2057:
2020:
1989:
1981:
1896:
1843:
1839:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1746:
1738:
1705:
1685:
1665:
1657:
1625:
1621:
1593:
1585:
1548:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1479:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1418:
1406:
1390:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1289:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1130:
1082:
1022:
998:
914:
713:
362:
265:
241:
229:
3176:
945:
2709:"World Population Prospects: The 2016 Revision â Key Findings and Advance Tables"
4368:
4312:
4204:
3834:
3546:
2536:
2375:
2270:
2241:
2200:
2180:
2131:
2127:
2102:
2024:
2008:
1929:
1871:
1803:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1653:
1597:
1589:
1532:
1451:
1410:
1402:
1353:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1285:
1265:
1094:
1010:
930:
886:
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851:
801:
797:
672:
664:
269:
245:
237:
84:
2918:
2902:
729:
4342:
4250:
4199:
3874:
3640:
3466:
3238:
2828:
2663:
2605:
2438:
2012:
1172:
1153:
1114:
330:
47:
Approximate distribution of Bantu peoples divided into zones according to the
3648:
2910:
2768:
800:
toward East Africa, and another moving south along the African coast and the
4106:
3368:
3304:
2978:
2468:
2442:
2426:
2098:
1701:
1086:
974:
3386:
3322:
3108:
2996:
3522:
Robert Gayre, Ethnological elements of Africa, (The Armorial, 1966), p. 45
2368:
181:
There are several hundred Bantu languages. Depending on the definition of
4080:
2249:
1859:
1762:
1750:
1601:
1168:
1141:
1122:
894:
885:, and may have migrated southward, from the Sahara into various parts of
253:
233:
205:
3225:
Vansina, J. (1995). "New Linguistic Evidence and the Bantu Expansion'".
2987:
2480:, humanity or humaneness, is derived regularly from the Nguni noun stem
42:
4358:
4332:
4209:
4121:
4030:
3146:
3090:
2566:
2541:
2406:
2309:
2281:
2139:
1953:
1855:
1697:
1693:
1661:
1649:
1544:
1471:
1361:
1034:
1014:
902:
878:
717:
513:
493:
457:
248:
of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (28.8 million as of 2010), the
221:
217:
182:
95:
3474:
3246:
2387:
346:"some (entity), any" (e.g. Xhosa umntu "person" abantu "people", Zulu
4378:
4265:
4255:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4116:
4070:
4045:
4035:
4020:
3960:
3279:"The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans"
2069:
2065:
1815:
1770:
1475:
1110:
1054:
1042:
882:
874:
225:
209:
201:
2393:
Zulu men dressed in traditional aprons, carrying ceremonial weapons.
3855: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3786:
The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History
1268:, numerous others (Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo,
4245:
4167:
4152:
4126:
4111:
4101:
4085:
4060:
4055:
4025:
2503:, illustrating that such cognates need not actually look like the
2467:
The South African apartheid governments originally gave the name "
2163:
1867:
1609:
1540:
1118:
1066:
944:
926:
898:
890:
854:
groups suggests that the acquisition of cattle may have been from
850:
Cattle terminology in use amongst the relatively few modern Bantu
769:
728:
690:
285:
261:
213:
3980:
3802:, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1992
3788:, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1982
1293:
1184:
906:
3878:
2786:"Defining the term 'Bantu' | South African History Online"
921:, and amid migration, diverged into East Bantu peoples (e.g.,
3060:
3058:
3056:
1183:
Bantu loans. Toward the 18th and 19th centuries, the flow of
811:
Bantu-speaking migrants would have also interacted with some
3351:
De Filippo, C; Barbieri, C; Whitten, M; et al. (2011).
2941:
World Civilizations: To 1700 Volume 1 of World Civilizations
1187:
slaves from Southeast Africa increased with the rise of the
913:
of the Green Sahara in 7000 BCE. From Nigeria and Cameroon,
3800:
Ngoma: Discourses of Healing in Central and Southern Africa
695:
Reconstructing the dispersal of Bantu-speaking populations.
2751:
The Baganda an Account of Their Native Customs and Beliefs
929:) between 2500 BCE and 1200 BCE. Irish (2016) also views
873:
peoples may have originated in the western region of the
2716:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
2704:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
2696:
Niger-Congo languages: subgroups and numbers of speakers
3837:, "New linguistic evidence on the expansion of Bantu",
1308:, Mbuza (Budja), Nande, Ngoli, Bangoli, Ngombe, Nkumu,
3629:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
3495:
J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29
2681:
lists a total of 680 languages. The count includes 13
404:(that is, the root plus the class 2 noun class prefix
2452:
Examples of South African usages of "Bantu" include:
268:
of Southern Africa (9.6 million as of 2011), and the
3541:. American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
3147:"Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana"
2841:
R.K.Herbert and R. Bailey in Rajend Mesthrie (ed.),
4351:
4285:
4278:
4233:
4192:
4185:
4135:
4094:
4013:
3948:
3941:
3910:
3807:
The Peopling of Africa: A Geographic Interpretation
2685:
which are not always included under "Narrow Bantu".
317:. It was first introduced into modern academia (as
119:
104:
65:
55:
2495:In the SothoâTswana languages of Southern Africa,
869:Based on dental evidence, Irish (2016) concluded:
389:, rather than just referring to all human beings.
353:
347:
2484:in Xhosa, Zulu and Ndebele. In Swati the stem is
3200:"THE MIGRATION HISTORY OF BANTU-SPEAKING PEOPLE"
2718:, Population Division. July 2016. Archived from
408:) occur in all Bantu languages: for example, as
3784:Christopher Ehret and Merrick Posnansky, eds.,
3443:Newman (1995), Ehret (1998), Shillington (2005)
2598:"Bantu people (Central, East, Southern Africa)"
937:as being possibly back-migrated Bantu peoples.
3831:, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990
3890:
3403:, (University Rochester Press: 2009), pp.4-5.
8:
3824:, 3rd ed. St. Martin's Press, New York, 2005
3401:Movements, borders, and identities in Africa
35:
1164:â the Bantu Swahili language contains many
4282:
4189:
3945:
3897:
3883:
3875:
3809:, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1995.
1212:
41:
34:
3376:
3312:
3098:
2986:
2630:The Greenwood Dictionary of World History
49:Guthrie classification of Bantu languages
3532:
3530:
3528:
2659:Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
815:outlier groups in the southeast (mainly
298:, with non-Bantu languages in greyscale.
272:of South Africa (7 million as of 2018).
2589:
2460:meaning "all the people"), is known as
1209:List of African countries by population
925:) and West Bantu peoples (e.g., Congo,
325:in 1857 or 1858 and popularised in his
3791:April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon,
3575:©Ndzimu-unami Emmanuel, 2012, page 100
2780:
2778:
2633:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
2359:Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa
3597:Seven Years in South Africa, volume 2
3399:Toyin Falola, Aribidesi Adisa Usman,
2939:Philip J. Adler, Randall L. Pouwels,
2885:Seidensticker, Dirk (28 March 2024).
2557:Genetic history of Sub-Saharan Africa
1272:, Bangala, Bango, Batsamba, Bazombe,
163:of approximately 400 distinct native
7:
3871:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2796:from the original on 13 October 2023
2698:for a 2007 compilation of data from
66:Regions with significant populations
3716:Cambridge World History of Slavery
3339:from the original on 29 August 2011
3206:from the original on 10 August 2023
3198:THE INSTITUT PASTEUR (5 May 2017).
3041:from the original on 10 August 2023
3011:from the original on 10 August 2023
2953:Etienne Patin; et al. (2017).
1425:, numerous others (majority Bantu)
1179:showing Bantu admixture, and their
725:Hypotheses of early Bantu expansion
396:in Proto-Bantu is reconstructed as
3861:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
3740:. 9 September 2014. Archived from
3277:Tishkoff, SA; et al. (2009).
2943:, (Cengage Learning: 2007), p.169.
2602:Africa EENI Global Business School
2433:, at about the same time that the
716:in northern Tanzania, and various
25:
3793:Understanding Contemporary Africa
3727:(2011), accessed 15 February 2012
3663:from the original on 28 July 2022
3623:McCracken, John (February 1974).
3604:from the original on 16 July 2022
1201:Bantu languages § By country
4394:
4393:
3850:
3153:from the original on 17 May 2020
2398:
2386:
2367:
1296:, Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, Kuba,
1241:Democratic Republic of the Congo
195:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3357:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2577:List of ethnic groups of Africa
1494:(North Sotho), total 75% Bantu
1280:, Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing,
1195:List of Bantu groups by country
1144:being an important part of the
339:categorizing "people", and the
256:(10.2 million as of 2016), the
244:(14.2 million as of 2016), the
236:(17.6 million as of 2020), the
27:Ethnolinguistic group in Africa
3455:The Journal of African History
3416:Tanzania, Zanzibar & Pemba
1563:, numerous others (60% Bantu)
712:groups in Central Africa, the
264:(8.1 million as of 2019), the
228:(5.5 million as of 2014), the
1:
2891:African Archaeological Review
2499:is the cognate term to Nguni
1205:List of African ethnic groups
954:
917:Proto-Bantu peoples began to
742:
700:in 57 populations throughout
3795:, Lynne Riener, London, 1996
3781:, James Currey, London, 1998
3173:"5.2 Historischer Ăberblick"
2435:Black Consciousness Movement
923:Democratic Republic of Congo
3905:Bantu religion and folklore
3547:10.13140/RG.2.2.14163.78880
2672:report for Southern Bantoid
354:
348:
296:NigerâCongo language family
282:Bantu languages § Name
4436:
4293:African diaspora religions
3839:Journal of African History
3413:Fitzpatrick, Mary (1999).
3227:Journal of African History
2903:10.1007/s10437-024-09576-7
2356:
1198:
656:
279:
191:the total world population
4391:
3641:10.1017/S0041977X00128022
3467:10.1017/S0021853700032989
3419:. Lonely Planet. p.
3239:10.1017/S0021853700034101
2829:10.1080/00020186808707298
2509:African National Congress
1907:, numerous minor groups.
1874:, about 70 groups total.
1368:, Yela, total 80% Bantu)
305:In linguistics, the word
124:
109:
70:
60:
40:
2843:Language in South Africa
2507:root exactly. The early
1146:Indian Ocean slave trade
786:= 500 BCâ0 Congo nucleus
772:nucleus of Eastern Bantu
751:
679:Africa in the so-called
161:ethnolinguistic grouping
3510:21 January 2012 at the
3305:10.1126/science.1172257
2979:10.1126/science.aal1988
2677:21 January 2022 at the
2511:had a newspaper called
2409:traditional dance, 1958
2405:Zulu people performing
1304:, Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala,
804:system toward Angola.
400:. Versions of the word
183:"language" or "dialect"
3537:Irish, Joel D (2016).
2627:Butt, John J. (2006).
2562:History of West Africa
2547:Demographics of Africa
1254:B, C, D, H, J, K, L, M
1229:(millions, 2015 est.)
1221:(millions, 2015 est.)
958:
792:
791:= 0â1000 AD last phase
696:
299:
3868:Catholic Encyclopedia
3369:10.1093/molbev/msq312
3071:Nature Communications
2753:. Cambridge Univ Pr.
2749:Roscoe, John (2011).
2041:Republic of the Congo
1199:Further information:
1189:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1156:members of the Bantu
948:
736:= 2000â1500 BC origin
732:
694:
653:Origins and expansion
644:society, and race"."
289:
280:Further information:
18:Bantu speaking people
3928:Proto-Bantu language
3744:on 9 September 2014.
2871:27 June 2018 at the
2852:27 June 2018 at the
2790:www.sahistory.org.za
1029:, Empire of Kitara,
315:"people" or "humans"
187:population of Africa
4234:Legendary creatures
3820:Kevin Shillington,
3777:Christopher Ehret,
3723:13 May 2023 at the
3297:2009Sci...324.1035T
3083:2014NatCo...5.5692K
2971:2017Sci...356..543P
2572:Languages of Africa
2353:Use in South Africa
2333:Sub-Saharan Africa
1387:E, F, G, J, M, N, P
1300:, Kwango, Lengola,
1127:Kingdom of Zimbabwe
1103:Kingdom of Eswatini
1075:Swahili city states
781:= southward advance
327:Comparative Grammar
189:, or roughly 5% of
37:
4374:John the Conqueror
3584:Shillington (2005)
3179:on 16 October 2007
3091:10.1038/ncomms6692
2474:The abstract noun
1095:Tswana city states
1071:Kingdom of Karagwe
1059:Kingdom of Mpororo
995:Kingdom of Matamba
959:
909:), as a result of
793:
702:Sub-Saharan Africa
697:
300:
220:(25 million), the
4407:
4406:
4387:
4386:
4274:
4273:
4181:
4180:
3822:History of Africa
3805:James L. Newman,
3696:978-0-521-45599-2
3573:978-0-7974-4968-8
3430:978-0-86442-726-7
3291:(5930): 1035â44.
3135:on 25 March 2009.
2965:(6337): 543â546.
2760:978-1-108-03139-4
2737:Population growth
2644:978-0-313-32765-0
2350:
2349:
2111:Equatorial Guinea
1708:(majority Bantu)
1602:Shangaan (Tsonga)
1181:Malagasy language
991:Kingdom of Ndongo
827:speaking groups.
294:shown within the
290:Map of the major
176:Northeast African
150:
149:
16:(Redirected from
4427:
4397:
4396:
4283:
4193:Legendary beings
4190:
3946:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3876:
3872:
3854:
3853:
3841:36:173â195, 1995
3798:John M. Janzen,
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3734:
3728:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3699:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3576:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3534:
3523:
3520:
3514:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3410:
3404:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3326:
3316:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3175:. Archived from
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3128:. Archived from
3127:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3035:Institut Pasteur
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2990:
2950:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2882:
2876:
2863:
2857:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2713:
2692:
2686:
2669:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2608:on 29 April 2023
2604:. Archived from
2594:
2488:and the noun is
2402:
2390:
2371:
1901:Northern Ndebele
1464:Southern Ndebele
1227:Bantu population
1219:Total population
1213:
1107:Kingdom of Butua
1067:Kingdom of Kooki
1063:Kingdom of Igara
983:Kingdom of Kongo
973:in Zimbabwe and
965:kings built the
956:
951:Kingdom of Kongo
832:Congo rainforest
759:
756:= Eastern Bantu,
752:
747:
744:
373:, also known as
357:
351:
143:and traditional
115:
90:Southeast Africa
56:Total population
45:
38:
21:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4383:
4347:
4328:Hot foot powder
4303:Candomblé Bantu
4270:
4229:
4177:
4148:Kongo cosmogram
4131:
4090:
4009:
3966:Dini Ya Msambwa
3937:
3933:Bantu languages
3923:Bantu expansion
3906:
3903:
3860:
3851:
3848:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3725:Wayback Machine
3715:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3566:
3562:
3536:
3535:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3512:Wayback Machine
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3398:
3394:
3350:
3342:
3340:
3327:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3064:
3063:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3037:. 12 May 2017.
3029:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2938:
2934:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2873:Wayback Machine
2864:
2860:
2854:Wayback Machine
2840:
2836:
2817:African Studies
2814:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2761:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2728:
2726:
2725:on 26 June 2019
2722:
2711:
2707:
2693:
2689:
2679:Wayback Machine
2667:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2532:Bantu mythology
2527:African Pygmies
2522:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2380:Southern Africa
2372:
2361:
2355:
2327:Comorian people
1478:(North Sotho),
1474:(South Sotho),
1316:, Popoi, Poto,
1228:
1220:
1211:
1197:
1177:Malagasy people
1150:Swahili culture
1091:Mthethwa Empire
1087:Ndebele Kingdom
1027:Kasanje Kingdom
1015:Kazembe Kingdom
977:in Mozambique.
943:
911:desertification
856:Central Sudanic
825:Central Sudanic
787:
782:
773:
764:
763:= Western Bantu
757:
750:
749:
748:first dispersal
745:
737:
727:
689:
687:Bantu expansion
681:Bantu expansion
661:
659:Bantu expansion
655:
650:
292:Bantu languages
284:
278:
172:Bantu languages
145:Bantu religions
138:
113:
111:Bantu languages
100:
80:Southern Africa
51:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4433:
4431:
4423:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4315:
4310:
4300:
4298:Black cat bone
4295:
4289:
4287:
4280:
4279:Bantu diaspora
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4220:Nyongo society
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3988:
3978:
3976:Kongo religion
3973:
3963:
3958:
3956:Bantu religion
3952:
3950:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3879:
3847:
3846:External links
3844:
3843:
3842:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3756:
3747:
3729:
3709:
3700:
3683:
3674:
3635:(3): 726â727.
3615:
3586:
3577:
3560:
3524:
3515:
3497:
3488:
3445:
3436:
3429:
3405:
3392:
3363:(3): 1255â69.
3335:. 2 May 2009.
3269:
3260:
3233:(2): 173â195.
3217:
3190:
3164:
3138:
3114:
3052:
3022:
2945:
2932:
2877:
2858:
2834:
2823:(4): 211â212.
2807:
2774:
2759:
2741:
2700:SIL Ethnologue
2687:
2683:Mbam languages
2650:
2643:
2619:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2493:
2472:
2465:
2462:Bantu Holomisa
2422:National Party
2404:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:Main article:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2296:
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2287:
2284:
2278:
2277:
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2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2036:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1647:
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1641:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1320:, Shi, Songo,
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1196:
1193:
1158:Swahili people
1019:Mbunda Kingdom
1011:Barotse Empire
987:Anziku Kingdom
967:Great Zimbabwe
942:
939:
819:), as well as
768:= 1000â500 BC
746: 1500 BC
726:
723:
688:
685:
657:Main article:
654:
651:
649:
646:
277:
274:
148:
147:
122:
121:
117:
116:
107:
106:
102:
101:
99:
98:
92:
87:
82:
77:
75:Central Africa
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
46:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4432:
4421:
4420:Bantu peoples
4418:
4417:
4415:
4402:
4401:
4390:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4261:Mokele-mbembe
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4225:Sudika-mbambi
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:Nzambi Mpungu
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4005:Zulu religion
4003:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:Bantu peoples
3916:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3900:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3857:public domain
3845:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:Jan Vansina,
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3815:0-300-07280-5
3812:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3760:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3616:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3594:Holub, Emil.
3590:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3338:
3334:
3333:Science Daily
3330:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2623:
2620:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:Dume district
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:compound noun
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2408:
2401:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:Mbam speakers
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:Bantu groups
1234:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:Swahili Coast
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:Mutapa Empire
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
952:
947:
941:Later history
940:
938:
936:
935:Yoruba people
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
845:Northern Cape
842:
841:KwaZulu-Natal
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
805:
803:
799:
790:
785:
780:
776:
771:
767:
762:
755:
740:
735:
731:
724:
722:
719:
715:
711:
706:
703:
693:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
660:
652:
647:
645:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
356:
350:
345:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
324:
323:Wilhelm Bleek
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
297:
293:
288:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
168:ethnic groups
166:
162:
159:
155:
154:Bantu peoples
146:
142:
136:
132:
128:
123:
118:
112:
108:
103:
97:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
69:
64:
59:
54:
50:
44:
39:
30:
19:
4398:
4364:Congo Square
4143:Kalûnga Line
3917:
3866:
3849:
3838:
3828:
3821:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3772:Bibliography
3759:
3750:
3742:the original
3732:
3712:
3703:
3686:
3677:
3665:. Retrieved
3632:
3628:
3618:
3606:. Retrieved
3596:
3589:
3580:
3563:
3538:
3518:
3500:
3491:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3439:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3360:
3356:
3341:. Retrieved
3288:
3282:
3272:
3263:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3193:
3181:. Retrieved
3177:the original
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3141:
3130:the original
3117:
3074:
3070:
3043:. Retrieved
3034:
3025:
3013:. Retrieved
2988:10216/109265
2962:
2958:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2861:
2842:
2837:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2789:
2750:
2744:
2727:. Retrieved
2720:the original
2690:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2629:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2606:the original
2601:
2592:
2513:Abantu-Batho
2512:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2451:
2418:World War II
2415:
2299:Somali Bantu
2134:, 95% Bantu
1840:Nyanja-Chewa
1765:(97% Bantu)
1431:South Africa
1135:
1131:Rozwi Empire
1083:Zulu Kingdom
1023:Yeke Kingdom
1003:Lunda Empire
999:Kuba Kingdom
979:
960:
915:agricultural
868:
849:
829:
813:Afro-Asiatic
810:
806:
794:
788:
783:
778:
774:
765:
760:
758:
753:
738:
733:
714:Hadza people
707:
698:
662:
642:
633:
625:
617:
609:
601:
585:
573:
565:
557:
545:
537:
525:
517:
489:
477:
469:
461:
453:
445:
437:
429:
409:
405:
401:
397:
391:
382:
374:
366:
363:ethnic group
360:
343:
334:
326:
318:
306:
304:
301:
266:Xhosa people
242:South Africa
199:
180:
153:
151:
139:Minorities:
127:Christianity
32:Ethnic group
29:
4369:Gullah Jack
4313:Goofer dust
3911:Main topics
3835:Jan Vansina
3461:(1): 1â31.
3343:5 September
2919:10194943180
2537:Bantu music
1930:Banyarwanda
1523:, ABASUBA,
1007:Luba Empire
931:Igbo people
887:West Africa
877:, amid the
871:Proto-Bantu
852:pastoralist
847:by AD 500.
836:Great Lakes
802:Congo River
798:Congo Basin
522:Shingazidja
358:"people").
311:Proto-Bantu
85:East Africa
61:350 million
4343:Ring shout
4251:Koolakamba
4200:Kimanaueze
3991:Zimbabwean
3863:Hottentots
3349:see also:
3045:5 December
2897:(2): 5â6.
2664:Ethnologue
2584:References
2469:bantustans
2439:Steve Biko
2374:Unmarried
2244:70% Bantu
2105:90% Bantu
2035:30% Bantu
1666:Banyankole
1569:Mozambique
1348:, Wakuti,
1344:, Ungana,
1173:Madagascar
1099:Mapungubwe
963:Monomotapa
949:The Bantu
881:period at
624:dialects;
352:"person",
331:noun class
224:people of
170:who speak
158:indigenous
135:Protestant
114:(over 535)
4107:Mami Wata
3949:Religions
3657:154380804
3649:1474-0699
3555:131878510
3483:162660041
3255:162117464
2927:268802330
2911:0263-0338
2800:24 August
2769:714729287
2706:in 2015 (
2612:21 August
2443:Coloureds
2427:apartheid
2378:women in
2203:, Kande.
2099:BaKalanga
1905:Bakalanga
1731:Ovimbundu
1702:Bafumbira
1561:Mijikenda
1336:, Tembo,
1169:loanwords
1154:Afro-Arab
1140:traders,
1115:Danamombe
975:Manyikeni
313:term for
276:Etymology
178:states.
105:Languages
94:southern
4414:Category
4400:Category
4338:Mojo bag
4286:Religion
4136:Concepts
4081:Nzambici
3942:Religion
3721:Archived
3698:page 435
3661:Archived
3602:Archived
3508:Archived
3387:21109585
3337:Archived
3323:19407144
3210:9 August
3204:Archived
3151:Archived
3109:25471224
3077:: 5692.
3039:Archived
3015:9 August
3009:Archived
2997:28473590
2869:Archived
2850:Archived
2845:(2002),
2794:Archived
2675:Archived
2661:, p. 2.
2520:See also
2431:Africans
2250:Eswatini
2095:Batswana
2078:Botswana
1961:Cameroon
1880:Zimbabwe
1860:Balovale
1763:Xindonga
1751:Ganguela
1743:Bachokwe
1678:Bamasaba
1537:Abakuria
1529:Abagusii
1521:Abaluhya
1484:Batswana
1399:Nyamwezi
1391:Abakuria
1374:Tanzania
1288:, Hima,
1284:, Havu,
1224:% Bantu
1216:Country
1142:Zanzibar
1129:and the
1123:Naletale
895:Cameroon
864:Cushitic
817:Cushitic
677:Southern
638:Nyakyusa
620:in some
562:kisukuma
450:Chichewa
422:Tshiluba
379:Chishona
254:Tanzania
234:Zimbabwe
206:Tanzania
131:Catholic
120:Religion
4359:Boo hag
4352:Culture
4333:Kumbaya
4210:Mwuetsi
4186:Culture
4122:Shetani
4095:Spirits
4031:Kalumba
4014:Deities
3995:Ndebele
3859::
3667:28 July
3608:28 July
3378:3561512
3314:2947357
3293:Bibcode
3284:Science
3100:4268704
3079:Bibcode
3005:3094410
2967:Bibcode
2959:Science
2729:26 June
2567:Khoisan
2542:Congoid
2447:Indians
2437:led by
2407:Ukusina
2339:c. 37%
2310:Comoros
2292:<2.1
2289:<15%
2282:Somalia
2230:Kavango
2209:Namibia
2157:Basotho
2140:Lesotho
2058:Bakongo
2054:B, C, H
2001:Barombi
1954:Barundi
1937:Burundi
1856:BaLunda
1852:Tumbuka
1836:L, M, N
1792:Tumbuka
1747:Balunda
1739:Bakongo
1735:Ambundu
1727:H, K, R
1706:Bagungu
1698:Banyole
1694:Baruuli
1686:Bakonjo
1682:Basamia
1674:Batooro
1662:Banyoro
1658:Bagwere
1650:Baganda
1614:Swahili
1606:Makonde
1582:N, P, S
1545:Ambeere
1517:Agikuyu
1472:Basotho
1423:Matumbi
1415:Makonde
1330:Tchokwé
1314:Bapende
1282:Fuliiru
1270:Balunda
1258:Bakongo
1138:Persian
1051:Burundi
1039:Buganda
1035:Bunyoro
1031:Butooro
971:Bumbusi
919:migrate
903:Nigeria
889:(e.g.,
879:Kiffian
821:Nilotic
718:Khoisan
669:Central
648:History
590:Sesotho
534:Ndebele
526:abantru
514:Luganda
510:Runyoro
494:Kirundi
458:Lingala
442:Tumbuka
434:Swahili
414:Kikongo
387:Sesotho
344:*ntÊÌ -
333:prefix
222:Baganda
218:Burundi
197:alone.
165:African
156:are an
125:Mostly
96:Somalia
4379:Zombie
4318:Hoodoo
4307:Brazil
4266:Obambo
4256:Mbwiri
4205:Mwindo
4173:Zebola
4163:Nganga
4158:Nkondi
4117:Nkondi
4071:Nyambe
4066:Njambe
4051:Mukasa
4046:Mebege
4041:Kibuka
4036:Kianda
4021:Akongo
3997:&
3961:Badimo
3813:
3694:
3655:
3647:
3571:
3553:
3481:
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