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temperatures fall at or below 10–15 °C (50–59 °F), resulting in low yields. Given its natural ancestry of the Indian subcontinent, Malabar spinach is a true tropical plant, and has a natural preference for daytime temperatures between 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). It will even display remarkable growth around 37 °C (99 °F), though care must be taken to avoid sunburn with higher temperatures, by providing shade cloth, screening, or umbrella cover in summer. Flowering is induced during the short-day months of the year. It grows best in well-drained and loamy soils, that are rich in organic matter, with
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grows well under full sunlight in hot, humid climates, and in areas lower than 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level. If grown in acceptable conditions, its peak-season growth can accelerate remarkably. Growth is slower in cooler temperatures; its growth will not be vigorous if daytime
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481:'Rubra' is reddish-purple; the leaves form green and as the plant reaches maturity, older leaves will develop a purple pigment starting at the base of the leaf and work towards the end. The stem when crushed usually emits a strong scent. Malabar spinach can be found at many
1358:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1003:, making a delicacy called Basale gassi to be eaten with rice dumplings called pundi soaked overnight in the gravy, or with red rice. Some variations have tiny prawns, clams, horsegram or dried fish in the gravy. In
918:
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1404:
Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant
Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.
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1365:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2017:
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988:. In the Philippines, the leaves of this vegetable are one of the main ingredients in an all vegetable dish called
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1049:. It has many names including flowing water vegetable. It is often used in stir-frys and soups. In
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ranging from 5.5 to 7.0, but can tolerate slightly lower or higher if adjustments cannot be made.
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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
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served over rice. It is usually cooked with sardines, onions, garlic, and parsley. In
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Sanderson, Helen; Renfrew, Jane M. (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.).
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to make soup. In Africa, the mucilaginous cooked shoots are most commonly used.
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In Sri Lanka, it is used to make different kinds of curries specially with
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1306:. Horticultural Sciences Dept.; UF/IFAS Extensions, Gainesville, Fl
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texture. There are two varieties - green and red. The stem of the
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It is Called Pora Saag and Eaten On a large scale as
Ruffage.In
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944:(table). In a 100 gram reference amount, the leaves supply 19
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465:, reaching 10 metres (33 ft) in length. Its thick, semi-
18:
1504:
Evaluation of tropical leaf vegetables in the Virgin
Islands
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cuisine, a coconut based gravy called gassi is paired with
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1330:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
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of food energy, and are a rich source (20% or more of the
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is green with green leaves and the stem of the cultivar
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1455:Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014).
1362:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
1469:. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
1117:with deep red and purple stems in the Philippines
766:
627:
1165:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,
1304:"Florida Cultivation Guide For Malabar Spinach"
514:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
469:, heart-shaped leaves have a mild flavour and
1022:fish and may also be cooked withl shrimp. In
8:
1499:University of Florida Agricultural Extension
1302:Yuheng Qiu, Guodong Liu (8 September 2020).
1274:"Malabar spinach - A succulent summer green"
508:
1509:
1444:" Multilingual taxonomic information"
1326:United States Food and Drug Administration
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1141:A dish from Malabar spinach in Indonesia
1034:, a southern state in India, a curry of
1198:United States Department of Agriculture
1189:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1152:
1129:Malabar spinach fruits, Zhejiang, China
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1057:, it is cooked with shrimp, crab meat,
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7:
1828:6bb6382b-0dfc-4f1c-a1ba-683b49f5303c
932:The edible leaves are 93% water, 3%
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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14:
1068:Historically, the red variety of
1916:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164286-1
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1249:"Malabar spinach plant database"
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461:is a fast-growing, soft-stemmed
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1494:Photo and multilingual synonyms
1387:from the original on 2024-05-09
1340:from the original on 2024-03-27
1254:. Florida Gulf Coast University
1072:has also been used to make red
1011:and used as a curry with rice.
34:needs additional citations for
1466:African plants – a Photo Guide
1416:The Cultural History of Plants
1:
1223:"Red-Stemmed Malabar Spinach"
1194:Agricultural Research Service
493:Soil and climate requirements
913:Percentages estimated using
2023:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
906:Link to USDA Database entry
509:Vinespinach, (basella), raw
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1418:. Routledge. p. 114.
968:, with moderate levels of
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2018:Plants described in 1753
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1278:Sustainable Food Center
915:US recommendations
16:Species of edible plant
1993:Flora of tropical Asia
1247:Benjamin Dion (2015).
919:the National Academies
401:. It is native to the
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1053:, where it is called
602:Vitamins and minerals
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2013:Perennial vegetables
1482:at Wikimedia Commons
1038:and yam is made. In
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403:Indian subcontinent
328:Basella crassifolia
2028:Vietnamese cuisine
880:Other constituents
483:Asian supermarkets
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347:J.Jacq. ex Spreng.
312:Basella cordifolia
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536:Carbohydrates
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485:, as well as
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383:is an edible
382:
381:
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352:Gandola nigra
350:
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337:
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320:Basella nigra
318:
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288:Basella rubra
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250:Binomial name
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99:November 2019
91:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2003:Thai cuisine
1877:Basella alba
1864:Basella_alba
1688:Basella alba
1553:Basella alba
1523:Basella alba
1522:
1488:Basella alba
1487:
1480:Basella alba
1465:
1459:Basella alba
1458:
1415:
1409:
1400:
1389:. Retrieved
1361:
1353:
1342:. Retrieved
1333:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1282:. Retrieved
1280:. 8 May 2015
1277:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1201:. Retrieved
1187:
1182:Basella alba
1181:
1174:
1167:Basella alba
1166:
1115:Basella alba
1114:
1095:Basella alba
1094:
1070:Basella alba
1069:
1067:
1054:
1044:
1036:Basella alba
1035:
1024:Odia cuisine
1013:
1001:Basella alba
1000:
983:
972:and several
931:
884:
879:
767:
762:
755:
628:
623:
616:
582:
558:
534:
498:Basella alba
497:
496:
479:Basella alba
478:
475:Basella alba
474:
471:mucilaginous
459:Basella alba
458:
457:
448:
444:
441:vine spinach
440:
436:
433:common names
431:is known by
429:Basella alba
428:
427:
380:Basella alba
379:
378:
377:
370:Leaves from
355:(Lour.) Raf.
351:
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
287:
259:Basella alba
258:
256:
241:B. alba
240:
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177:
164:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1978:Basellaceae
1800:NatureServe
1735:iNaturalist
1547:Wikispecies
1101:are visible
994:Mangalorean
950:Daily Value
651:Thiamine (B
454:Description
435:including
415:West Indies
395:Basellaceae
372:West Bengal
217:Basellaceae
184:Angiosperms
1972:Categories
1890:kew-360840
1885:Plant List
1425:0415927463
1391:2024-06-21
1344:2024-03-28
1310:13 October
1258:13 October
1147:References
1099:cotyledons
1076:in China.
1005:Kongu Nadu
970:B vitamins
954:vitamins A
829:Phosphorus
411:New Guinea
69:newspapers
1701:242307799
1675:242307799
976:(table).
966:manganese
928:Nutrition
842:Potassium
816:Manganese
803:Magnesium
735:Vitamin C
718:Folate (B
702:Vitamin B
685:Niacin (B
467:succulent
385:perennial
235:Species:
154:Kingdom:
1937:Tropicos
1861:PalDat:
1805:2.156824
1766:10203867
1753:164286-1
1538:Q1130368
1532:Wikidata
1385:Archived
1381:30844154
1338:Archived
1328:(2024).
1284:23 April
1232:23 April
1203:7 August
1055:mồng tơi
946:calories
885:Quantity
823:0.735 mg
763:Quantity
757:Minerals
679:0.155 mg
624:Quantity
618:Vitamins
274:Synonyms
213:Family:
197:Eudicots
1942:3200025
1787:MoBotPF
1714:3083504
1618:Ecocrop
1080:Gallery
1051:Vietnam
1040:Gujarat
938:protein
862:0.43 mg
777:Calcium
712:0.24 mg
662:0.05 mg
584:Protein
390:in the
374:, India
339:Salisb.
331:Salisb.
307:Burm.f.
228:Basella
223:Genus:
203:Order:
158:Plantae
83:scholar
1929:134180
1898:PLANTS
1841:115481
1825:NZOR:
1792:366554
1779:192210
1740:159191
1662:161662
1636:594519
1597:170056
1581:APDB:
1561:AoFP:
1422:
1379:
1369:
1097:. The
1009:pureed
997:Tuluva
964:, and
962:folate
849:510 mg
797:1.2 mg
784:109 mg
742:102 mg
729:140 μg
696:0.5 mg
645:400 μg
520:Energy
392:family
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1903:BAAL2
1854:63162
1761:IRMNG
1683:FoAO2
1657:EUNIS
1649:BADAL
1610:5WDF3
1584:23819
1571:APA:
1252:(PDF)
1059:luffa
1020:Ilish
952:) of
936:, 2%
891:Water
836:52 mg
810:65 mg
591:1.8 g
567:0.3 g
543:3.4 g
323:Lour.
191:Clade
178:Clade
165:Clade
90:JSTOR
76:books
1911:POWO
1872:PfaF
1818:3589
1813:NCBI
1774:ITIS
1748:IPNI
1727:6531
1722:GRIN
1709:GBIF
1644:EPPO
1592:APNI
1574:1133
1564:4372
1420:ISBN
1377:PMID
1367:ISBN
1312:2022
1286:2022
1260:2022
1234:2022
1205:2021
1063:jute
1061:and
990:utan
980:Uses
956:and
894:93 g
855:Zinc
790:Iron
740:113%
463:vine
447:and
421:and
419:Fiji
409:and
388:vine
315:Lam.
282:List
62:news
1950:WFO
1924:RHS
1696:FoC
1670:FNA
1631:EoL
1623:504
1605:CoL
1334:FDA
1074:dye
1014:In
986:dal
942:fat
847:17%
821:32%
808:15%
768:%DV
727:35%
710:14%
677:12%
643:44%
629:%DV
560:Fat
45:by
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1952::
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1383:.
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1294:^
1276:.
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1196:,
1192:.
1186:.
1155:^
960:,
860:4%
834:4%
795:7%
782:8%
694:3%
660:4%
503:pH
489:.
443:,
439:,
425:.
417:,
405:,
299:L.
291:L.
266:L.
193::
180::
167::
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958:C
921:.
722:)
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704:6
689:)
687:3
672:)
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655:)
653:1
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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