636:
617:
55:
655:
605:
71:
581:
190:
593:
667:
683:
474:
436:
262:
249:, who own most of the land again, call it Takaparawhau, which, along with Ōkahu Bay, form Whenua Rangatira, which is vested in Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei for the common use and benefit of Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei and citizens of Auckland, and is managed by the Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Reserves Board. The public land containing the Michael Joseph Savage Memorial and Fort Britomart tunnels is not owned by the hapū, who refer to it as Kohimarama, while
486:
635:
78:
426:
In 1951, Māori living in Ōrākei were evicted and the houses were knocked down. A justification for this eviction was health and sanitation issues, for which the government was ultimately responsible. These issues were created by the city council earlier when a sewer line and road were built along the
519:
forcibly removed the occupiers and destroyed the temporary buildings—including vegetable gardens and the marae. Two hundred and twenty two protesters were arrested. The occupation and the use of force to end it played a part in highlighting injustices against Māori, and the occupation became a major
376:
that at least the marae on the flat foreshore where he had been ceremonially welcomed after his election should be retained by the tribe. Savage was 'somewhat fogged' by the situation and asked for reports, which were not completed when he sailed to
Britain for the Coronation and Imperial Conference
354:
stated that "the land shall be inalienable". A reversal of this government position came with the
Validation Of Invalid Land Sales Act 1894. In 1885, the New Zealand Government built a military outpost at Bastion Point, because of its commanding strategic position overlooking the Waitematā Harbour,
364:
states, this is by no means a simple case of willful dispossession: "In a long running battle to resist the state and save the land, there were eight actions in the Maori Land Court, four in the
Supreme Court, two in the Court of Appeal, two in the Compensation Court, six appearances before
240:
changed the name of
Kohimarama to South Head. Just off that point was Bastion Rock, which was levelled and is now the site of the Tamaki Yacht Club. Bastion Point became the common Pākehā name for the site encompassing both points. The nearby beach named Waiparera by Māori was changed to
385:
decided that the 120 Māori living at Ōrākei were illegal squatters and had to be removed. The incensed Ōrākei Māori met Savage on his return from overseas, and he immediately reversed the decision, avoiding what could have been a political crisis. In
November 1936, Lee had assured
458:
and
Anthony Bartlett with a sculpture by R. O. Gross, built above the disused Fort Britomart. It has large columns, sunken gardens and a reflecting pool which was built in two years by Fletcher Construction for £34,533, with the cost raised by subscription.
616:
359:
used the Public Works Act 1882 (46 Vict No 37) to take ownership of 13 acres (5.3 ha) of
Bastion Point for this purpose of defence. From 1913 and 1928, the government bought most of the land that had been previously deemed inalienable. As
604:
54:
666:
813:
580:
682:
654:
592:
401:. Lee obtained most of his land, but Langstone's (and the Cabinet's) decision; seen as obtaining Māori land as a park 'for white children' was reversed. Another motive for their proposal was to weaken
1511:
501:
to stop the subdivision. The government claimed that the land had been sold to the Crown, however Hawke claimed that, "This land was not sold – it was confiscated under the Public Works Lands Act".
390:
that the Māori would be removed without much difficulty; but they refused, and were supported by the Clergy
Association, the Protestant churches, the Anglican Bishop, the Friends of Orakei and the
512:. The occupiers constructed a marae and housing, and grew crops. A fire in a tent on 26 September 1977 caused the death of a young girl named Joanna Hawke, the niece of protest leader Joe Hawke.
1269:
1024:
350:
Apihai Te Kawau spoke publicly against land sales and in order to safeguard a small amount of land in Ōrākei for future generations, and Te Kawau obtained a Crown Grant in 1869. In 1873, the
427:
foreshore which blocked the flow of storm water, creating the quagmire of sanitation problems. At the same time the village at Ōkahu Bay was not connected to the city's fresh water supply.
1553:
1204:
70:
988:
462:
The monument was dedicated before a crowd of ten thousand on 28 March 1943, with Savage's remains reinterred in a deep tunnel below the monument. The tomb is inscribed:
102:
644:(pole or column) installed at Takaparawhau (Bastion Point) in 2019, designed by Lenard Philips and Te Aroha Witika. The pou has the shape of a taurapa (the stern of a
508:
of the remaining Crown land. The occupation began on 5 January 1977, two days before construction of the housing was to start, to prevent its confiscation by the
236:
Māori originally named the eastern point of the area
Kohimarama, meaning to collect the remnants / wood chips, and the western point was named Takaparawhau.
1320:
1277:
1546:
527:
In 1988, the New
Zealand Labour Government returned Takaparawhau / Bastion Point and Ōrākei Marae to Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, with compensation, as part of a
423:
stretched to Torpedo Bay near North Head, were installed at the front of the Tamaki Yacht Club, and were later incorporated into the yacht club building.
419:
During World War II, three searchlights were housed in emplacements built at the foot of Bastion Point, and still exist today. Guns, searchlights, and an
841:
1013:
412:
In 1941, the Crown no longer needed Bastion Point for defence, it did not return the land to its traditional Māori owners but instead gifted it to the
1721:
355:
known as Fort Bastion. The outpost was not built on Takaparawha Point, which had earlier been taken by the Government for the same purpose. In 1886,
1853:
787:
509:
1256:
1505:
716:
1878:
1539:
925:
563:
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for a reserve. (This was the last 60 acres (24.3 ha) of uncommitted land at Ōrākei that Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei still hoped to get back.)
1294:
1501:
757:
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In 1976, the Crown announced that it planned to develop Bastion Point by selling it to the highest bidder for high-income housing.
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1838:
406:
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1802:
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246:
1863:
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312:
1807:
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block was all that remained. Within a century, this too was compulsorily acquired by the Crown (apart from a cemetery).
867:
343:
of 13,200 acres (5,342 hectares) to the Crown, had lost most of their remaining land through speculators. The 700-acre
1232:
409:, the only non-Labour seat in Auckland. Māori from the pā met Savages' body when it arrived back in Auckland in 1940.
1052:
712:
648:) standing on a concrete plinth representing the toka (rock) that acted as a beacon for waka, known as Bastion Rock.
531:
settlement process. The 1991 Ōrākei Act was passed to recognise the rights of Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei under the treaty.
1868:
1828:
1670:
189:
1833:
543:
521:
497:, members of his hapū Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, and other activists, formed the Orakei Māori Action Committee, taking
217:
610:
Looking north east along Ōkahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, showing the sewer line in course of construction, 1910.
534:
Joe Hawke died on 22 May 2022, aged 82 and was buried at Takaparawhau, the land he fought to return to his iwi.
228:, the public Michael Joseph Savage Memorial, and privately-owned reserve land that is accessible to the public.
1604:
444:
1757:
919:"Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project"
1599:
1594:
369:
365:
Commissions or Committees of Inquiry, and fifteen Parliamentary Petitions. In the end the state prevailed".
688:
Panorama showing Tamaki Yacht Club, both Takaparawhau points and searchlight emplacement number three, 2022
454:
died in office in 1940, and is buried in an Art Deco mausoleum at Takaparawhau / Bastion Point designed by
1584:
1209:
473:
336:
278:
270:
731:
The Bastion and the Searchlight Emplacements, info panel. Ōrākei Local Board, Auckland Council. June 2022
1770:
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1629:
1525:
1425:
451:
435:
413:
373:
277:, overlooking rich fishing and farming areas. The surrounding land was purchased and confiscated by the
261:
1346:
1731:
1706:
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505:
304:
209:
161:
1787:
351:
918:
515:
The occupation lasted for 506 days; it ended on 25 May 1978, when 800 police and personnel of the
1531:
586:
Looking east along Biddicks Bay towards Takaparawha showing Bastion Rock, since demolished, 1901.
548:
528:
420:
1675:
743:
Delving Into The Past of Auckland's Eastern Suburbs: Section 4 Mission Bay, Section 5 Kohimarama
553:
293:
59:
Takaparawhau / Bastion Point seen from the fishing pier jutting out into the Waitematā Harbour.
1762:
1736:
1701:
1515:
1481:
1459:
1399:
1273:
1270:"Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Orakei Claim – 9.4 The Assessment of Competing Claims"
1169:
1082:
328:
212:. The area is significant in New Zealand history as the site of protests in the late 1970s by
179:
36:
1797:
1752:
1665:
598:
Looking east to Takaparawhau showing Tamaki Yacht Club where Bastion Rock was removed, 2022.
516:
316:
250:
950:
1711:
1451:
1377:
382:
361:
300:
297:
289:
213:
1650:
332:
1205:"Solemn dawn ceremony to remember the end of the Bastion Point occupation in Auckland"
1822:
1792:
1716:
1624:
498:
237:
1726:
645:
455:
282:
1614:
672:
Panorama showing the annual Manu Aute Kite Day, held on Takaparawhau on the first
558:
485:
344:
221:
201:
151:
504:
From 1977 to 1978, the Orakei Māori Action Committee organised and maintained an
323:, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, the primary hapū and landowner in Tāmaki Makaurau, made a
1634:
1570:
1473:
892:
402:
387:
378:
141:
1257:"Maoris in New Zealand regain Bastion Point by occupying their land, 1977–1978"
1103:
978:"Statement of evidence of Ngarimu Alan Huiroa Blair on behalf of the plaintiff"
1655:
1609:
660:
Takaparawhau searchlight emplacements, numbers one and two, completed in 1944.
394:
308:
242:
117:
104:
1589:
494:
356:
1566:
673:
626:
478:
205:
137:
285:
and development over a period stretching from the 1840s into the 1950s.
224:(European settlers). Takaparawhau is now the site of the private Ōrākei
1619:
274:
193:
The entrance to Ōrākei Marae, the cultural hub for Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei.
1373:"Ngāti Whātua Bastion Point protest leader Joe Hawke dies, aged 82"
1521:
Radio NZ sound bite interviews on the 1970s Bastion Point protest.
1456:
From the Cradle to the Grave: a biography of Michael Joseph Savage
484:
472:
434:
260:
225:
188:
368:
In 1936, Ōrākei was proposed as a site for state housing by the
327:(strategic gift) of 3,500 acres (1,400 hectares) of land on the
1535:
339:. By 1859, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, who had given two further land
622:
Looking north east along Ōkahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, with
1295:"Dawn service marks 40 years since eviction at Bastion Point"
269:
The land was occupied by Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, and before the
1187:
1185:
1321:"Resolving the grievances of the past | Waitangi Tribunal"
464:
Michael Joseph Savage, 1872–1940, He loved his fellow men.
1480:. Dunedin: University of Otago Press. pp. 105, 106.
1259:, Global Nonviolent Action Database, Swarthmore College
1104:"Ngāti Whātua - Ngāti Whātua and the Treaty of Waitangi"
372:, and in August a Māori delegation asked Prime Minister
77:
1780:
1745:
1689:
1643:
1577:
1233:"The 1977 Bastion Point occupation: What happened?"
167:
157:
147:
133:
23:
788:"The loss of the Orakei block | Waitangi Tribunal"
477:Takaparawhau / Bastion Point activist campaign at
842:"First look at Bastion Point's excavated tunnels"
1371:Anderson, Ryan; Earley, Melanie (22 May 2022).
1053:"'Reclaiming Bastion Point – roadside stories'"
629:(meeting house) visible on the ridgeline, 2022.
335:, the new Governor of New Zealand, for the new
311:as well as a reciprocal relationship with the
307:. Ngāti Whātua sought British protection from
1547:
16:Area of coastal land in Auckland, New Zealand
8:
1502:Television footage of Bastion Point eviction
1345:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei & St Paul's Church.
489:Flag used in the occupation of Bastion Point
171:
28:
1554:
1540:
1532:
1166:Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou Struggle Without End
1079:Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou Struggle Without End
951:"Tāmaki Herenga Waka: Stories of Auckland"
20:
1191:
1151:
1127:
976:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Trust (2 June 2021).
713:Police cordon At Bastion Point (3rd of 3)
708:
706:
1108:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1014:"Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Deed of Settlement"
439:Michael Joseph Savage Memorial and tomb.
1506:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
717:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
702:
576:
377:in 1937. The Labour state housing team
273:it was part of important lands for the
265:The marae on Takaparawhau in the 1890s.
166:
132:
63:
51:
1139:
924:. Auckland Transport. pp. 14–16.
1400:"Joe Hawke now rests at Takaparawhau"
1289:
1287:
1047:
1045:
1030:from the original on 12 February 2020
931:from the original on 11 December 2019
564:Coastal fortifications of New Zealand
156:
146:
7:
836:
834:
814:"Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Reserves Board"
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
756:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Reserves Board.
727:
725:
899:from the original on 11 August 2019
1526:"Bastion Point – The Untold Story"
994:from the original on 2 August 2021
758:"Combined Reserve Management Plan"
14:
1508:, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
957:. Auckland Museum. 18 April 2021
681:
665:
653:
634:
615:
603:
591:
579:
76:
69:
53:
1854:Military history of New Zealand
1771:Auckland City Council (defunct)
208:, New Zealand, overlooking the
1347:"Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Timeline"
741:Jackson, Elizabeth T. (1976).
200:is a coastal piece of land in
1:
1081:. Penguin. pp. 216–217.
448:Prime Minister of New Zealand
1722:St Michael's Catholic Church
1681:Takaparawhau / Bastion Point
868:"Orakei | Waitangi Tribunal"
198:Takaparawhau / Bastion Point
84:Takaparawhau / Bastion Point
25:Takaparawhau / Bastion Point
520:landmark in the history of
481:alternatives festival 1981.
271:colonisation of New Zealand
1895:
1690:Facilities and attractions
1512:Report on the Orakei claim
1458:. Auckland: Reed Methuen.
253:now call it Takaparawhau.
1164:Walker, Ranganui (1990).
1077:Walker, Ranganui (1990).
895:. Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei.
719:. Accessed 31 July 2008.)
399:No More Dancing at Orakei
288:On 20 March 1840, in the
98:
64:
52:
45:
1859:Coastline of New Zealand
1325:waitangitribunal.govt.nz
1168:. Penguin. p. 217.
872:waitangitribunal.govt.nz
792:waitangitribunal.govt.nz
676:long weekend, June 2022.
1879:Ōrākei Local Board Area
1839:Protests in New Zealand
1671:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
1563:Ōrākei Local Board Area
1528:, clip from documentary
370:First Labour Government
1210:The New Zealand Herald
544:Māori protest movement
490:
482:
440:
279:New Zealand Government
266:
194:
172:
118:36.84417°S 174.82417°E
29:
1864:Geography of Auckland
985:ngatiwhatuaorakei.com
488:
476:
469:Occupation and return
452:Michael Joseph Savage
438:
414:Auckland City Council
392:New Zealand Observer.
319:. Soon after signing
264:
192:
158:Offshore water bodies
1732:Te Ara ki Uta ki Tai
1707:Madills Farm Reserve
1697:Ellerslie Racecourse
1142:, pp. 105, 106.
1057:www.nzhistory.net.nz
305:Te Tiriti o Waitangi
123:-36.84417; 174.82417
90:Location in Auckland
1849:1978 in New Zealand
1844:1977 in New Zealand
1803:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei
1788:Eastern Suburbs AFC
1644:Geographic features
1280:on 17 October 2008.
1023:. 5 November 2011.
812:Council, Auckland.
421:anti-submarine boom
247:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei
114: /
1758:Ōrākei Local Board
549:Treaty of Waitangi
529:Treaty of Waitangi
510:Muldoon Government
491:
483:
441:
267:
195:
1874:Waitematā Harbour
1869:1970s in Auckland
1816:
1815:
1808:St John's College
1737:Waiatarua Reserve
1702:Kepa Bush Reserve
1516:Waitangi Tribunal
1274:Waitangi Tribunal
893:"Apihai Te Kawau"
352:Native Land Court
329:Waitematā Harbour
245:Beach by Pākehā.
210:Waitematā Harbour
187:
186:
162:Waitematā Harbour
1886:
1798:Ellerslie Eagles
1753:Auckland Council
1666:Little Rangitoto
1578:Populated places
1556:
1549:
1542:
1533:
1491:
1469:
1452:Gustafson, Barry
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1424:NZ Outdoor Art.
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1404:Māori Television
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1368:
1362:
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1359:
1357:
1351:St Paul's Church
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1276:. Archived from
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
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1125:
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1102:Taonui, Rāwiri.
1099:
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1067:
1065:
1063:
1049:
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838:
829:
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818:Auckland Council
809:
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784:
769:
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746:
738:
732:
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710:
685:
669:
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638:
619:
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595:
583:
517:New Zealand Army
251:Auckland Council
183:
175:
129:
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119:
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107:
80:
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73:
57:
40:
32:
21:
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1712:Remuera Library
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849:
848:. 30 April 2018
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642:Takaparawha Pou
639:
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611:
608:
599:
596:
587:
584:
572:
540:
471:
433:
431:Savage Memorial
383:Frank Langstone
362:Ranganui Walker
301:Apihai Te Kawau
298:paramount chief
290:Manukau Harbour
259:
234:
218:land alienation
216:against forced
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5:
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1841:
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1831:
1829:Māori politics
1821:
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1651:Achilles Point
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1140:Olssen 1977
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403:Bill Endean
388:Walter Nash
379:John A. Lee
292:area where
168:Native name
142:New Zealand
121: /
109:174°49′27″E
1823:Categories
1746:Government
1661:Karaka Bay
1656:Hobson Bay
1610:Kohimarama
1600:Meadowbank
1595:Glen Innes
1428:. Facebook
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1088:0143019457
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697:References
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443:The first
395:Robin Hyde
243:Kohimarama
106:36°50′39″S
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495:Joe Hawke
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1567:Auckland
1476:(1977).
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206:Auckland
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134:Location
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1445:Sources
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1021:govt.nz
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570:Gallery
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232:Naming
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1426:"Pou"
1378:Stuff
1299:Stuff
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1482:ISBN
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1307:2018
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