1028:
1195:
1164:
1018:
663:
theory to refer to the rulers of multiple chiefdoms or the rulers of exceptionally powerful chiefdoms that have subordinated others. Paramount chiefs were identified by
English-speakers as existing in Native American confederacies and regional chiefdoms, such as the
904:
the term paramount chief was imposed by the
British government over Swazi royal objections in 1903, was never recognized by the Swazi royalty, and was changed to "king" in English upon independence in 1968. The SiSwati name for the office is
1291:, rendered as Paramount chief or King of the Molmahao Clan. NB: This title was not recognised by the Rotuma Island Council as the titles Gagaja and Sau have never been used together. The closest thing to a paramount chief is the position of
1027:
275:
1552:
Henning, W. B., 'A Farewell to the Khagan of the Aq-Aqataran',"Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African studies â University of London", Vol 14, No 3, p501â522. ,
1641:
634:
651:
is the
English-language designation for a King/Queen or the highest-level political leader in a regional or local polity or country administered politically with a
292:
864:
as
Basutoland since 12 March 1868 (11 August 1871 â 18 March 1884 Annexed to Cape Colony as Basutoland territory, then as a separate colony, as one of the
562:
1473:
Government
Documents. Great Britain. Foreign Office. Correspondence with Foreign Courts Regarding Execution of Treaties Contracted. London, 1821. 110pp
280:
582:
676:
323:
627:
672:
892:
Herero among that people, also Chief
Ministers of Hereoroland (two incumbents 20 July 1970 â 5 December 1980), the 'homeland' of the
1589:
556:
1651:
620:
1307:
1147:
It now has many equivalent meanings such as commander, leader, or ruler. The most famous khan was the Great Khan of
Mongols:
703:
418:
257:
1517:
706:
held that title. Since the title "chief" was already used in terms of district and town administrators, the addition of "
128:
1140:
brought it to the rest of Asia. In the middle of the sixth century it was known as "Kagan â King of the Turks" to the
868:
Territories). The title changed to king on 4 October 1966, which was the date of the country's independence from the
1194:
589:
1226:
tribe in the central North Island â a hereditary chieftainship which still has great influence. In the 1850s the
824:
245:
1163:
546:
309:
1646:
1227:
1183:
536:
113:
44:
35:
1314:", even after the country became a republic on 7 October 1987; however, this was not an office of state.
610:
398:
1296:
1264:
861:
665:
403:
378:
133:
1360:
1017:
1004:
606:
20:
983:
961:
1286:
1186:. The office is near sacred and can be left vacant if no one is deemed worthy to hold the title.
1090:
698:
and applied in
Britain's colonies in Asia and Africa. They used it as a substitute for the word "
669:
541:
443:
373:
162:
99:
49:
1202:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1393:
368:
353:
348:
1421:â the Great Council of Chiefs until de-established in March 2012, recognised Elizabeth II as
1277:
during the
OctoberâDecember 1987 secession agitation on one island, known as the Republic of
1571:
1418:
1311:
1219:
1098:
1082:
797:
513:
503:
483:
473:
24:
1636:
1605:
1494:
1428:
928:
865:
551:
508:
463:
448:
393:
75:
70:
1380:
1223:
881:
over the Awa-Khoi or "Red Nation" (more prominent then six other 'nations') of the Nama (
1366:
1356:
1133:
1129:
1124:
confederation for their chief between 283 and 289 and was used as a state title by the
869:
806:
695:
694:, paramount chief was a formal title created by British colonial administrators in the
680:
498:
488:
478:
423:
216:
1630:
1376:
993:
844:
736:
691:
684:
493:
428:
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383:
363:
251:
211:
206:
192:
182:
177:
80:
707:
1525:
1240:
1175:
1172:
1148:
1114:
1110:
1056:
1032:
811:
754:
656:
468:
458:
453:
413:
408:
358:
157:
138:
1371:
1343:
1486:
1352:
940:
764:
711:
660:
438:
433:
1529:
1438:
1398:
1300:
936:
330:
123:
118:
1408:
1260:
1255:
1120:
tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is first seen as a title in the
972:
939:, imiDushane, imiQhayi, amaGasela, amaGwali, amaHleke, imiDange, amaNtinde,
907:
901:
893:
815:
518:
187:
90:
975:, currently ruled by Ndamase NDAMASE (West) and Jongilanga Sigcau (East) .
1413:
1403:
1348:
1324:
1152:
950:
848:
793:
744:
710:" was made so as to distinguish between the ruling monarch and the local
652:
172:
1292:
1137:
1121:
1117:
1035:
876:
857:
802:
94:
1433:
1278:
1141:
1125:
932:
920:
of the vhaVenda; after the people's split, (only?) of the haMphaphuli
780:
775:(village). The Paramount Chief works with the government-appointed
1338:
1283:
1245:
1198:
1193:
1179:
1162:
1026:
1016:
837:
820:
760:
750:
740:
728:
167:
85:
1450:
1113:
title for a sovereign or military ruler, first used by medieval
882:
699:
1281:, led by Henry Gibson (remained in New Zealand), his style was
753:: Title held by supreme ruler Lago Ogom, after the advent of
1469:
1467:
1230:
resulted in the election of a Waikato chief as MÄori King.
1548:
1546:
1522:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
996:, currently ruled by Buyelekhaya Zwelinbanzi Dalindyebo.
16:
Highest-level political leader of a chief-based system
788:
West African paramount chieftains and their countries
1577:
The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia
831:
Southern African paramount chieftainships and titles
723:
Eastern African paramount chieftainships and titles
1128:confederation. It was subsequently adopted by the
1243:, the paramount chief of the Cook Islands was an
1327:(Easter Island) paramount chief or king, the
1295:, currently belonging to the district chief (
1051:East Asia paramount chieftainships and titles
885:) people, a Chiefdom established before 1700.
628:
8:
1182:. The current and the second Huguan Siou is
1171:Huguan Siou is the paramount leader for the
767:, the title of the chief responsible for a
1512:
1510:
1267:was established in 1858 and ended in 1888.
927:of the Xhosa people's following polities:
635:
621:
563:Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems
29:
843:of each of the eight major tribes of the
771:(district) elected by the chiefs of each
860:since it emerged as a polity in 1822, a
1642:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1463:
583:Political and Legal Anthropology Review
43:
239:Societies without hierarchical leaders
964:(currently ruled by Dumisani Gwadiso)
7:
1580:. Rutgers University Press. p.
1481:
1479:
1007:, currently ruled by Melizwe Dlamini
655:. This term is used occasionally in
1065:, alternately spelled lowercase as
1021:The Great Mongol Khan: Genghis Khan
779:Director, both of whom report to a
1151:. Another famous Manchu khan was
14:
1610:Kadazandusun Cultural Association
1491:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
731:: Title since 1904 of the former
557:Political economy in anthropology
1369:, paramount chief titles in the
953:(until 1830 called abakwaZelemu)
911:, a ceremonial term for "lion".
419:Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges
1:
590:Journal of Legal Anthropology
258:The Art of Not Being Governed
1253:dynasty, a chiefdom of the
1668:
1341:, paramount titles in the
1025:
1015:
702:" to ensure that only the
596:Journal of Law and Society
316:Colonialism and resistance
18:
1069:and sometimes spelled as
825:Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II
270:Non-western state systems
246:African Political Systems
1606:"The Huguan Siou Office"
1453:see each present country
1375:chiefly system include;
1347:chiefly system include;
1178:indigenous community in
1167:The current Huguan Siou.
19:Not to be confused with
1159:Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
295:and the State in Africa
1652:Political anthropology
1445:Sources and references
1206:
1184:Joseph Pairin Kitingan
1168:
1094:
1038:
1022:
537:Circumscription theory
324:Europe and the People
293:Technology, Tradition,
1197:
1166:
1030:
1020:
851:(former Bechuanaland)
755:British colonial rule
611:cultural anthropology
399:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
252:Papuan Big man system
1265:Kingdom of Rarotonga
862:British protectorate
666:Powhatan Confederacy
404:Wolfgang Fikentscher
379:Henri J. M. Claessen
134:Pantribal sodalities
1310:was recognized as "
1228:MÄori King Movement
1109:) is an originally
547:Leftâright paradigm
21:Paramount chieftain
1425:or Paramount Chief
1207:
1169:
1039:
1023:
757:in Northern Kenya.
677:European colonists
653:chief-based system
542:Legal anthropology
444:Thomas Blom Hansen
374:Robert L. Carneiro
163:Segmentary lineage
100:Leveling mechanism
50:legal anthropology
1561:Zhou 1985, p. 3â6
1308:British Sovereign
1043:
1042:
645:
644:
369:Jeremy Boissevain
354:Georges Balandier
349:E. Adamson Hoebel
1659:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1528:. Archived from
1514:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1483:
1474:
1471:
1419:Monarchy of Fiji
1361:Tuimaleali'ifano
1220:Ngati Tuwharetoa
1201:paramount chief
1013:
1012:
914:In South Africa
798:Charles Atangana
673:Native Americans
637:
630:
623:
531:Related articles
514:Douglas R. White
504:Jonathan Spencer
484:Marshall Sahlins
474:Sally Falk Moore
30:
25:Paramount leader
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1499:
1497:
1495:Merriam-Webster
1485:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1447:
1429:Paramount ruler
1390:
1321:
1312:Paramount Chief
1297:gagaj 'es itu'u
1274:
1237:
1212:
1203:Mata'afa Iosefo
1192:
1161:
1053:
1048:
866:High Commission
833:
790:
725:
720:
704:British monarch
675:encountered by
657:anthropological
649:paramount chief
641:
601:
600:
577:
569:
568:
552:State formation
532:
524:
523:
509:Bjorn Thomassen
464:Elizabeth Mertz
449:Ted C. Lewellen
394:Pierre Clastres
344:
343:Major theorists
336:
335:
326:Without History
325:
294:
230:
222:
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144:Paramount chief
76:Achieved status
71:Ascribed status
63:Status and rank
59:
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28:
17:
12:
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1451:WorldStatesmen
1446:
1443:
1442:
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1436:
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1426:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:Chef supérieur
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1367:American Samoa
1364:
1357:Tupua Tamasese
1336:
1320:
1317:
1316:
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1157:
1134:Turkic peoples
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1024:
1011:
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1001:Inkosi Enkhulu
997:
990:Inkosi Enkhulu
986:
980:Inkosi Enkhulu
976:
969:Inkosi Enkhulu
965:
958:Inkosi Enkhulu
954:
947:Inkosi Enkhulu
943:
941:amaGqunukhwebe
925:Inkosi Enkhulu
921:
912:
898:
897:
896:
886:
873:
870:British Empire
854:
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829:
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807:Ladapo Ademola
800:
789:
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696:British Empire
681:Chesapeake Bay
661:archaeological
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486:
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479:Rodney Needham
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58:Basic concepts
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41:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1664:
1653:
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1647:Tribal chiefs
1645:
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1640:
1638:
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1634:
1632:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1591:0-8135-1304-9
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1572:René Grousset
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1532:on 2007-08-19
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787:
783:Commissioner.
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766:
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494:Elman Service
492:
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429:David Graeber
427:
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389:John Comaroff
387:
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384:Jean Comaroff
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364:Fredrik Barth
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81:Social status
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62:
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55:
54:
51:
46:
42:
39:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
1613:. Retrieved
1609:
1600:
1576:
1566:
1557:
1534:. Retrieved
1530:the original
1526:Bartleby.com
1521:
1498:. Retrieved
1490:
1422:
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1342:
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1328:
1282:
1254:
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1241:Cook Islands
1235:Cook Islands
1215:
1173:Kadazandusun
1170:
1149:Genghis Khan
1146:
1115:Turko-Mongol
1106:
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1078:
1074:
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1062:
1061:
1033:Tribal Chief
1000:
989:
979:
968:
962:amaKhonjwayo
957:
946:
931:, amaMbalu,
924:
917:
906:
889:
836:
812:Sierra Leone
776:
772:
768:
732:
689:
648:
646:
595:
588:
581:
561:
469:Sidney Mintz
459:Ralph Linton
454:Edmund Leach
414:Morton Fried
409:Meyer Fortes
359:F. G. Bailey
291:
256:
244:
229:Case studies
188:Ethnic group
158:Band society
143:
33:
1329:ariki henua
1210:New Zealand
1205:(1832â1912)
1101:: ćŻæ± or æ±,
933:amaRharhabe
856:In present
765:South Sudan
735:of all the
712:aristocracy
690:During the
439:Ulf Hannerz
434:Lesley Gill
1631:Categories
1536:2008-04-25
1500:2008-04-25
1458:References
1439:Kalaniopuu
1399:Great King
1377:Tui Manu'a
1289:Lagfatmaro
1190:In Oceania
1005:Nhlangwini
937:amaNdlambe
929:amaGcaleka
683:region of
670:Piscataway
331:Cargo cult
234:Acephelous
124:Matriarchy
119:Patriarchy
106:Leadership
1409:High king
1372:fa'amatai
1344:fa'amatai
1333:ariki mau
1319:Polynesia
1261:Rarotonga
1259:tribe in
1251:Makea Nui
1216:Ariki Nui
1091:Mongolian
994:abaThembu
973:amaMpondo
918:Khosikulu
908:Ngwenyama
902:Swaziland
894:Ovaherero
890:Okahandja
847:, all in
816:Bai Bureh
708:paramount
519:Eric Wolf
91:Age grade
45:Political
1574:(1988).
1423:Tui Viti
1414:Monarchy
1404:Hegemony
1388:See also
1353:Mata'afa
1349:Malietoa
1325:Rapa Nui
1153:Nurhachi
1142:Persians
1136:and the
1130:GöktĂŒrks
951:amaBhaca
849:Botswana
794:Cameroon
745:Tanzania
743:(not in
576:Journals
173:Chiefdom
150:Polities
36:a series
34:Part of
1381:Le'iato
1301:Noa'tau
1293:Fakpure
1249:of the
1138:Mongols
1132:before
1122:Xianbei
1118:nomadic
1099:Chinese
1046:In Asia
1036:Nurhaci
1031:Manchu
1003:of the
992:of the
982:of the
971:of the
960:of the
949:of the
877:Namibia
858:Lesotho
803:Nigeria
679:in the
281:Mandala
114:Big man
95:Age set
1637:Titles
1615:26 May
1588:
1518:"khan"
1487:"khan"
1434:Sachem
1279:Rotuma
1263:, the
1199:Samoan
1126:Rouran
1083:Turkic
1079:Ke-Han
999:title
988:title
978:title
967:title
956:title
945:title
923:title
888:title
845:Tswana
781:county
737:Maasai
733:laibon
718:Africa
607:Social
276:Negara
1339:Samoa
1299:) of
1284:Gagaj
1246:ariki
1224:MÄori
1180:Sabah
1176:Murut
1103:kehan
838:KgĂŽsi
821:Ghana
777:Payam
769:payam
763:: In
761:Sudan
751:Kenya
741:Kenya
729:Kenya
265:State
168:Tribe
139:Chief
129:Elder
86:Caste
1617:2020
1586:ISBN
1359:and
1306:the
1272:Fiji
1222:, a
1095:qÄÄn
1087:khÄn
1067:khan
1063:Khan
1057:Khan
883:Khoi
773:buma
700:king
668:and
659:and
609:and
310:Kapu
1582:585
1331:or
1287:Sau
1218:of
1107:han
1105:or
1075:Xan
1071:Han
900:In
875:In
739:in
47:and
23:or
1633::
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1539:.
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1363:.
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872:.
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93:/
27:.
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