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959:) originally had dedicated tracery chambers, where the architects could prepare their designs in relative comfort. The availability of a large flat floor surface meant that designs could be drawn life-size and the individual elements of bar tracery laid out on the plan to test their goodness of fit, before hoisting them up the scaffolding for installation in the actual window openings. This also meant that masons could carry on working through the winter season, when building work would normally grind to a halt.
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is an expanded version of this idea with two interior arches, a total of eight lower lights, four small circular lights topped with two larger circles to fill out the interior arches, and finally above all one large circular shape filled with seven smaller circular lights. Geometrical tracery, in its early stages, had a rule of equilateral law, where the tracery design follows the shape of the arch in an equilateral manner. Additional decorative elements can be implemented, such as
442:
48:
457:, creating a complex reticular (net-like) design known as Reticulated tracery. Second Pointed architecture deployed tracery in highly decorated fashion known as Curvilinear and Flowing (Undulating). These types of bar tracery were developed further throughout Europe in the 15th century into the Flamboyant style, named for the characteristic flame-shaped spaces between the tracery bars. These shapes are known as daggers, fish-bladders, or mouchettes.
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267:(i.e. the spaces between the tops of the lancet windows and the oculus) are just blank wall. The practicalities of building window tracery in this way severely limited the complexity of designs that could be produced and although plate tracery designs evolved over the course of the 12th and early 13th centuries, in practice, the only real variation was in the number and size of lancets and in the trefoils,
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368:, who visited the construction site, probably in the 1220s, and made a detailed sketch of the various templates, using a key to show how they fitted into the different parts of the window (the templates are in the lower half of folio 32 recto; the symbols besides the templates match similar ones on the detailed drawing of the Reims elevations on the facing page, folio 31 verso).
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lengths of masonry (fitted together with mortar and metal pins) quite distinct from the wall surrounding them. These mullions were much more slender than the corresponding elements in plate-tracery windows and crucially, the previously solid wall areas such as the spandrels could also now be glazed, greatly increasing the amount of light admitted.
595:
building may be occupied by a single large window such as the east window at
Lincoln and the west window at Worcester Cathedral. Windows of complex design and of three or more lights or vertical sections are often designed by overlapping two or more equilateral arches springing from the vertical mullions.
155:. High Gothic is distinguished by the appearance of bar tracery, allowing the construction of much larger window openings, and the development of Curvilinear, Flowing, and Reticulated tracery, ultimately contributing to the Flamboyant style. Late Gothic in most of Europe saw tracery patterns resembling
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As the complexity of tracery increased, so did the need for masons to draw out their designs in advance, either as a way of experimenting with patterns or as a way of communicating their designs to other craftsmen or to their patrons. Because of the cost and size limitations of parchment sheets, such
797:
This type of arch, when employed as a window opening, lends itself to very wide spaces, provided it is adequately supported by many narrow vertical shafts. These are often further braced by horizontal transoms. The overall effect produces a grid-like appearance of regular, delicate, rectangular forms
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lends itself to filling with tracery of simple equilateral, circular and semi-circular forms. In France, windows of clerestories and other larger windows were commonly divided into two lights, with some simple
Geometric tracery above, a circle or a cinquefoil or sexfoil. This style of window remained
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Arch is drafted from four points, the upper part of each main arc turning upwards into a smaller arc and meeting at a sharp, flame-like point. These arches create a rich and lively effect when used for window tracery and surface decoration. The form is structurally weak and has very rarely been used
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has a group of lancet windows each fifty feet high and still containing ancient glass. They are known as the Five
Sisters. Wells Cathedral is notable for the continuous rows of lancet openings that make up the triforiun galleries. Lancet windows are used extensively in the Gothic churches of Italy,
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and continue up their straight vertical lines to the top of the window's main arch, some branching off into lesser arches, and creating a series of panel-like lights. Perpendicular strove for verticality and dispensed with the
Curvilinear style's sinuous lines in favour of unbroken straight mullions
424:
Geometrical tracery is identified by the circular openings at the head of the arch of the window. A common composition is three lights beneath two circles and a third at the point of the arch; such an example can be seen along the aisle at
Lincoln Cathedral Also at Lincoln Cathedral, the east window
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and changing features, such as the thinning of lateral walls and enlarging of windows, led to the innovation of tracery. The earliest form of tracery, called plate tracery, began as openings that were pierced from a stone slab. Bar tracery was then implemented, having derived from the plate tracery.
460:
Starting in the late 13th century and at the beginning of the 14th century, tracery took on more fluid characteristics. A common shape used in curvilinear tracery was that of the ogee, which was too weak for structural application and was instead used as a decorative element. The use of the ogee in
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style (c. 1230–c. 1350) was enabled by the development of bar tracery in
Continental Europe and is named for the radiation of lights around a central point in circular rose windows. Rayonnant also deployed mouldings of two different types in tracery, where earlier styles had used moulding
330:
were decorated with bar tracery with cusped circles (with bars radiating from the centre). Bar tracery became common after c. 1240, with increasing complexity and decreasing weight. The lines of the mullions continued beyond the tops of the window lights and subdivided the open spandrels above
860:
Most 19th-century histories of Gothic architectural style used a series of typological categories based on the evolution of the dominant patterns of window tracery. In terms of the overall development of Gothic architecture, the crucial development was not so much the use of any particular tracery
680:
is the term used particularly to describe the style that produced the great rose windows of France. These windows deck not only the west fronts of churches, but often, as at Notre-Dame de Paris, the transept gables as well. It is common that although the transepts of French churches do not project
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es were used in the 15th and 16th centuries to create windows of increasing size with flatter window-heads, often filling the entire wall of the bay between each buttress. The windows were themselves divided into panels of lights topped by pointed arches struck from four centres. The transoms were
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In Gothic tracery, rounded quatrefoils have been used in modern industrial ornament which is used to embellish different parts of a building or certain objects. This is formed with the use of squares as the base and then constructing circles tangent to each side of the square in the center of the
408:
with curved bars emerging from them. Intersecting bar tracery (c. 1300) deployed mullions without capitals which branched off equidistant to the window-head. The window-heads themselves were formed of equal curves forming a pointed arch and the tracery bars were curved by drawing curves with
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The earliest bar tracery designs were made for the aisle windows at Reims
Cathedral around 1215. The Reims windows still used the same 'two lancets plus oculus' pattern (as in the Soissons example above), but now the glass panels were held between narrow stone mullions made up of carefully shaped
210:
before the early 13th century, is known as plate tracery because the individual lights (the glazed openings in the window) have the appearance of being cut out of a flat plate of masonry. Romanesque church windows were normally quite small, somewhat taller than wide and with a simple round-headed
805:, that evolved from this treatment is specific to England, although very similar to contemporary Spanish style in particular, and was employed to great effect through the 15th century and first half of the 16th as Renaissance styles were much slower to arrive in England than in Italy and France.
519:
As bar tracery opened the way for more complex patterns, masons started applying those same patterns to other surfaces as well as the actual window openings. When used on an otherwise solid walls, such motifs are known as blind tracery, a decorative effect first applied on the west facade of the
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In
England there was a much greater variation in the design of tracery that evolved to fill these spaces. The style is known as Geometric Decorated Gothic and can be seen to splendid effect at many English cathedrals and major churches, where both the eastern and the western terminations of the
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The use of lancet windows is found in the Early Gothic architecture of France, at Saint-Denis, and Sens and Senlis cathedrals. At
Chartres and Laon cathedrals lancet windows are grouped beneath the rose windows. Tall narrow lancets are also found in radiating groups in the chancel apses of some
242:
As the buttressing systems of early Gothic architecture reduced the structural need for broad expanses of thick walls, window openings grew progressively larger and instead of having just one very large window per bay division (which would create problems with supporting the glass), the typical
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where they are in two in the aisles and threes in the clerestory. Because large lancet windows, such as those lighting the aisles of a church, may be wide in comparison to a single light in a traceried window, they often have armatures of wood or iron to support the glass. The arch of a lancet
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Rounded multifoils are found in different parts of Gothic buildings such as circular windows and pointed windows containing circular lights. These designs can have rings ranging from seven to eleven small circles. They are often seen in
England but have become quite popular in French Gothic
115:
in a window. The purpose of the device is practical as well as decorative, because the increasingly large windows of Gothic buildings needed maximum support against the wind. The term probably derives from the tracing floors on which the complex patterns of windows were laid out in late
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as they are known in France), from where the mason's compass points scratched through the plaster and into the masonry below. (Examples include some experimental 14th-century window tracery patterns at the eastern end of the south wall inside the Galillee porch of
360:) of the window glass is mounted. Unlike with plate tracery, where each stone had to be individually shaped, the elements of bar tracery could be mass-produced to standard templates in the mason's yard – work that could continue even when it was too cold for
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designs would normally be drawn by incising onto a whitewashed board or a conveniently placed section of flat wall. In the latter case, the wall would be prepared with a thin layer of plaster, which would show the design more clearly.
762:. In German and Spanish Gothic architecture, it often appears as openwork screens on the exterior of buildings. The style was used to rich and sometimes extraordinary effect in both these countries, notably on the famous pulpit in
966:, which could be relaid and smoothed down after each set of designs were finished with. The 14th-century tracing house at York (also known as the Mason's Loft) survives on the upper storey of the corridor leading to the
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The simplest shape of a Gothic window is a long opening with a pointed arch known in England as the lancet. Lancet windows may be used singly, as in the nave of Lincoln Cathedral, or grouped, as in the nave of
290:(c. 1210), also employed plate tracery. This greatly limited the overall amount of light admitted to the interior by these windows, as well as restricting the complexity of patterns that could be created.
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Doorways surmounted by Flamboyant mouldings are very common in both ecclesiastical and domestic architecture in France. They are much rarer in England. A notable example is the doorway to the Chapter Room at
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on both the inside and outside of the windows, which made the mullions appear even more slender than they actually were. The shoulder marked 'B' on the diagram is the glazing slot, into which the metal frame
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side as well as a tangent to each of the circle's sides. This type of construction is used generously in Gothic buildings. For instance, rounded quatrefoils were used in tiled pavements like the ones in the
472:
A secondary style, considered related to curvilinear tracery, is called reticulated tracery. Reticulated tracery fills the head of the arch with repeated forms creating the appearance of a net-like pattern.
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is much wider than its height and gives the visual effect of having been flattened under pressure. Its structure is achieved by drafting two arcs that rise steeply from each springing point on a small
681:
strongly, they are given visual importance almost equal to the west front, including large decorated portals and a rose window. Particularly fine examples are at Notre-Dame and Chartres Cathedral.
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patterns but the transition from plate to bar tracery, which was what made the Rayonnant and subsequent styles possible. To construct traceries proportionately it is important to use the basis of
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around 1240. After 1220, master builders in England had begun to treat the window openings as a series of openings divided by thin stone bars, while before 1230 the apse chapels of
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where the East Window is said to be as large as a tennis court. There are three very famous royal chapels and one chapel-like Abbey which show the style at its most elaborate:
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Third Pointed or Perpendicular Gothic developed in England from the later 14th century and is typified by Rectilinear tracery (panel-tracery). The mullions are often joined by
970:, the complex web of lines and curves scratched into the floor show the countless designs that were worked out in there. The high-quality carpentry and the inclusion of a
558:
The simple shape of the lancet arch may appear in Early Gothic buildings on openings of all types, doorways, niches, arcades, including galleries; and belfry openings.
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as the window-heads. The mullions were in consequence branched into Y-shaped designs further ornamented with cusps. The intersecting branches produced an array of
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with an emphasis on the perpendicular. It is also employed as a wall decoration in which arcade and window openings form part of the whole decorative surface.
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The cross-section of each mullion or tracery bar was important both for the structural integrity of the window and for the visual effect. As can be seen in
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At the beginning of the 13th century, plate tracery was superseded by bar tracery. Bar tracery divides the large lights from one another with moulded
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churches, such as Chartres Cathedral. It is common in France for lancet windows to be used in smaller, narrower spaces, such as the chapels of a
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The early phase of Middle Pointed style (late 13th century) is characterized by Geometrical tracery – simple bar tracery forming patterns of
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251:' form of plate tracery developed. This consists of two (sometimes three) tall thin lights topped with pointed arches, with a round or
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opening is often equilateral, but sometimes is much more acute, and when employed in the arcade of a choir apse, such as at
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architecture. This design has been used since medieval times in tiles used in Gothic buildings. The tile pavement used in
421:-shaped lights in between numerous lancet arched lights. Y-tracery was often employed in two-light windows c. 1300.
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The style Lancet Gothic is known in England as Early English Gothic, with Salisbury Cathedral being the prime example.
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device by which windows (or screens, panels, and vaults) are divided into sections of various proportions by stone
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and fireplace in the York tracing house also indicate the rising status of the architect around the 14th century.
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develop, while in England Perpendicular Gothic or Third Pointed preferred plainer vertical mullions and transoms.
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Some of the most beautiful and famous traceried windows of Europe employ this type of tracery. It can be seen at
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for large openings except when contained within a larger and more stable arch. It is not employed at all for
183:, allowed a window arch to have more than one light – typically two side by side and separated by flat stone
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An Essay on the Origin and Development of Window Tracery in England; with Nearly Four Hundred Illustrations
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Phillips, E. C. (August 1926). "Some Applications of Mathematics to Architecture: Gothic Tracery Curves".
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The style was much used in England for wall arcading and niches. Prime examples are in the Lady Chapel at
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arches and circles interspersed with triangular lights. The mullions of Geometrical style typically had
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532:. Open tracery in particular was a key feature of the later phases of Rayonnant and Flamboyant Gothic.
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433:". The use of spherical triangles is a later adaption and likely reflects religious significance.
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A sourcebook of problems for geometry: based upon industrial design and architectural ornament
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151:. Plate tracery was the first type of tracery to be developed, emerging in the style called
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1175:(1906). A text-book of the history of architecture (7 ed ed.). New York, Longmans. pp. 188.
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There are two main types: plate tracery and the later bar tracery. The evolving style from
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836:. However, very many simpler buildings, especially churches built during the wool boom in
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Pointed arch windows of Gothic buildings were initially (late 12th–late 13th centuries)
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A number of churches and cathedrals still show the faint remains of these tracings (or
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church of St Nicaise at Reims (1230s). Conversely, tracery was also constructed as
318:. Bar tracery, an important decorative element of Gothic styles, appeared first at
144:
92:
528:) or create a visual counterpoint to it, as on the exterior of the west facade of
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in Yorkshire, England, had rings of six and twelve circles inside another circle.
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and then turn into two arches with a wide radius and much lower springing point.
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curvilinear tracery can be seen in the west window of St Mary's parish church in
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195:. Plate tracery reached the height of its sophistication with the 12th-century
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which gives the whole assemblage a pointed lancet shape (see the example from
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1453:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 115–116.
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120:. Tracery can be found on the exterior of buildings as well as the interior.
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screens, which could either match the window tracery behind them (e.g. the
81:(1230s). A cross section through a mullion is shown within the left lancet.
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136:, which were lighter and allowed for more openings and intricate designs.
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to set. The technical aspects of the windows at Reims clearly fascinated
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of a single size, with different sizes of mullions. The rose windows of
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Plate tracery, Lincoln Cathedral "Dean's Eye" rose window (c. 1225)
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1269:(English : 2nd ed.). Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley. p. 275.
886:, England. It was also common in the work of the Chinese and Japanese.
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Second Pointed (14th century) saw Intersecting tracery elaborated with
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of early- and high-Gothic cathedrals, such as the example in the north
252:
133:
1481:
1254:. Oxford & London, John Henry Parker. pp. 13, 14, 24, 28, 29.
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in France. In England the most famous examples are the west window of
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However, instead of a slab, the windows were defined by moulded stone
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from top to bottom, transected by horizontal transoms and bars.
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1353:. Palo Alto, CA: Dale Seymour Publications. pp. 161–177.
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Plate tracery, in which lights were pierced in a thin wall of
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Rayonnant bar tracery, Notre-Dame de Paris, south rose window
297:
Bar tracery with cusped circles, Reims Cathedral, apse chapel
238:
Rayonnant bar tracery, Notre-Dame de Paris, north rose window
511:(1446–1515) represent the heights of Perpendicular tracery.
211:('segmental') arch at the top. From around the 1140s, the
1406:
French Gothic Architecture of the 12th and 13th Centuries
1196:
A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
1080:
A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
918:
Strasbourg Cathedral, west front rose window, schematic
187:. The spandrels were then sculpted into figures like a
566:, while traceries windows are used in the clerestory.
1156:. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Publishing, p. 948.
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opening placed above them, often contained within a
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1705:
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1190:Curl, James Stevens; Wilson, Susan, eds. (2015),
1074:Curl, James Stevens; Wilson, Susan, eds. (2015),
962:The tracing floors themselves were covered with
331:the lights into a variety of decorative shapes.
206:The earliest form of window tracery, typical of
947:.) A number of major building sites (including
591:popular without great change until after 1300.
910:'s west front, showing the open tracery screen
865:to help create correct angles for the design.
271:and oculi used to fill the spaces above them.
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986:using tree branch forms, late northern Gothic
8:
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643:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1472:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
808:It can be seen notably at the East End of
1239:. New Haven : Yale University Press.
1198:(3rd ed.), Oxford University Press,
1082:(3rd ed.), Oxford University Press,
663:Learn how and when to remove this message
1697:Gothic secular and domestic architecture
574:including Florence Cathedral and in the
351:'s diagram (right) there was normally a
1021:
199:and in the "Dean's Eye" rose window at
1465:
1417:Frankl, Paul; Crossley, Paul (2000).
1374:"The Geometry of Gothic Architecture"
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1088:10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001
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1035:
1033:
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641:adding citations to reliable sources
447:Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire
1691:List of Gothic cathedrals in Europe
1267:A visual dictionary of architecture
995:French Gothic stained glass windows
840:, are fine examples of the style.
555:, adds to the emphasis of height.
147:or First Pointed style and of the
107:. Most commonly, it refers to the
25:
1299:The American Mathematical Monthly
1250:Freeman, Edward Augustus (1851).
263:). With this type of design, the
219:for the redesign of the choir at
1834:
1822:
1811:
1810:
1237:Churches: An Architectural Guide
775:King's College Chapel, Cambridge
758:and externally on the façade of
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578:churches of Germany and Poland.
526:Basilica of Saint Urbain, Troyes
509:King's College Chapel, Cambridge
482:King's College Chapel, Cambridge
66:
46:
715:in Paris, at the Cathedrals of
1687:Gothic cathedrals and churches
1630:List of Brick Gothic buildings
1410:University of California Press
782:Perpendicular Gothic (England)
286:(1170s) or the west facade at
1:
727:with its design based on the
437:Curvilinear (flowing) tracery
197:windows of Chartres Cathedral
40:Plate tracery and bar tracery
1458:Wilson, Christopher (1990).
1265:Ching, Francis D.K. (2012).
389:All Saints Church, Lindfield
340:(c. 1270) are typical.
143:, a solution typical of the
1761:Building a Gothic cathedral
1728:Gothic Revival architecture
822:St George's Chapel, Windsor
536:Arches, windows and tracery
480:Perpendicular bar tracery,
215:Gothic window (employed by
1894:
945:Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral
852:Unusual fretwork tracery,
688:
602:
582:Geometric Gothic (England)
503:often topped by miniature
379:, Lady Chapel, west window
111:elements that support the
29:
1806:
1636:Early Gothic architecture
906:Rayonnant rose window of
445:Curvilinear bar tracery,
375:Geometrical bar tracery,
1863:Ornaments (architecture)
467:East Riding of Yorkshire
223:) started to take over.
1450:Encyclopædia Britannica
1285:Encyclopædia Britannica
1235:Bradley, Simon (2016).
1152:and J. Fleming, (2009)
1138:Encyclopædia Britannica
856:parish church, east end
735:and the east window of
387:Decorated bar tracery,
30:For the racehorse, see
1776:Medieval stained glass
1154:A World History of Art
919:
911:
857:
778:
773:Perpendicular Gothic:
541:Early or Lancet Gothic
515:Blind and open tracery
485:
450:
392:
380:
311:
298:
239:
231:
176:
1745:High Victorian Gothic
1435:Spiers, Richard Phené
1427:Yale University Press
1381:www.fridlington.co.uk
1372:Fridlington, Eilidh.
1349:Sykes, Mabel (1994).
917:
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814:King's College Chapel
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366:Villard de Honnecourt
309:
296:
237:
229:
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53:Plate tracery in the
27:Type of window design
1771:International Gothic
1460:The Gothic Cathedral
908:Strasbourg Cathedral
876:Gloucester Cathedral
810:Gloucester Cathedral
801:The style, known as
637:improve this section
530:Strasbourg Cathedral
322:and was employed in
149:Early English Gothic
1878:Church architecture
1873:Gothic architecture
1513:Gothic architecture
1421:Gothic Architecture
1404:Bony, Jean (1983).
923:Tracing floors and
869:Rounded quatrefoils
745:Rochester Cathedral
709:St Stephen's Vienna
548:Salisbury Cathedral
484:, great east window
396:Geometrical tracery
338:Notre-Dame de Paris
243:early-Gothic 'twin
208:Gothic architecture
175:, north rose window
129:Gothic architecture
118:Gothic architecture
73:Bar tracery in the
1478:Eespecially 120ff.
920:
912:
890:Rounded multifoils
858:
826:Henry VII's Chapel
779:
733:Carlisle Cathedral
486:
451:
431:spherical triangle
393:
381:
312:
299:
261:Soissons Cathedral
240:
232:
177:
59:Soissons Cathedral
1850:
1849:
1723:Dissenting Gothic
1718:Collegiate Gothic
1213:978-0-19-967498-5
1097:978-0-19-967498-5
949:Westminster Abbey
830:Westminster Abbey
788:four-centred arch
786:The depressed or
685:Flamboyant Gothic
673:
672:
665:
553:Westminster Abbey
507:. The windows at
500:Four-centred arch
201:Lincoln Cathedral
57:aisle windows of
16:(Redirected from
1885:
1838:
1826:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1754:Related articles
1713:Carpenter Gothic
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1107:
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1104:
1071:
1000:Rosette (design)
964:plaster-of-Paris
854:Barsham, Suffolk
844:Tracery patterns
764:Vienna Cathedral
760:Exeter Cathedral
754:, the Screen at
668:
661:
657:
654:
648:
617:
609:
599:Rayonnant Gothic
588:equilateral arch
70:
50:
21:
1893:
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1440:"Tracery"
1433:
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1400:
1398:Further reading
1395:
1394:
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1376:
1371:
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1311:10.2307/2298643
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1280:Rayonnant style
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953:Wells Cathedral
928:
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713:Sainte-Chapelle
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618:
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543:
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449:, parish church
439:
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328:Reims Cathedral
304:
171:Plate tracery,
165:
86:
85:
84:
83:
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79:Reims Cathedral
71:
63:
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51:
42:
41:
35:
32:Tracery (horse)
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1706:Gothic Revival
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1455:
1445:Chisholm, Hugh
1431:
1414:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1364:
1332:
1305:(7): 361–368.
1289:
1272:
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1173:Hamlin, Alfred
1165:
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1096:
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897:Jervaulx Abbey
891:
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884:Worcestershire
870:
867:
845:
842:
783:
780:
689:Main article:
686:
683:
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603:Main article:
600:
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487:
438:
435:
413:from the same
397:
394:
349:Viollet-le-Duc
303:
300:
284:Laon Cathedral
173:Laon Cathedral
164:
161:
141:lancet windows
72:
65:
64:
61:(c. 1200)
52:
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26:
24:
14:
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1640:Romano-Gothic
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1578:Low Countries
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1005:Stained glass
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
990:Church window
988:
985:
982:
981:
977:
975:
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969:
968:Chapter House
965:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:Ely Cathedral
937:
932:
926:
922:
916:
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904:
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889:
887:
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881:
880:Great Malvern
877:
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864:
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843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
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819:
815:
811:
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803:Perpendicular
799:
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631:
627:
622:This section
620:
616:
611:
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592:
589:
581:
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559:
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549:
540:
535:
533:
531:
527:
523:
514:
512:
510:
506:
505:crenellations
501:
496:
489:Perpendicular
488:
483:
478:
474:
470:
468:
464:
458:
456:
448:
443:
436:
434:
432:
428:
422:
420:
416:
412:
407:
403:
395:
391:, east window
390:
385:
378:
377:Ely Cathedral
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
354:
353:roll-moulding
350:
345:
341:
339:
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
308:
301:
295:
291:
289:
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224:
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218:
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209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
174:
169:
163:Plate tracery
162:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
130:
126:
121:
119:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:architectural
90:
80:
76:
69:
60:
56:
49:
33:
19:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1797:
1626:Brick Gothic
1459:
1448:
1420:
1405:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:
1367:
1350:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1283:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1236:
1217:, retrieved
1195:
1168:
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1145:
1136:
1101:, retrieved
1079:
961:
957:York Minster
935:
933:
929:
924:
893:
872:
859:
807:
800:
796:
785:
749:
741:
729:Sacred Heart
725:York Minster
706:
694:
675:
674:
659:
650:
635:Please help
623:
593:
585:
576:Brick Gothic
571:York Minster
568:
563:
560:
557:
544:
518:
492:
471:
459:
452:
423:
399:
346:
342:
313:
276:rose windows
273:
241:
213:pointed arch
205:
178:
145:Early Gothic
138:
122:
100:
96:
88:
87:
1671:Sondergotik
1651:High Gothic
1010:Three hares
838:East Anglia
777:(1446–1544)
737:Selby Abbey
362:lime mortar
302:Bar tracery
269:quatrefoils
217:Abbot Suger
153:High Gothic
77:windows at
18:Bar tracery
1857:Categories
1656:Isabelline
1646:Flamboyant
1520:By country
1386:2023-07-26
1219:2020-04-09
1150:Honour, H.
1103:2020-05-26
1016:References
984:Branchwork
834:Bath Abbey
697:Flamboyant
691:Flamboyant
653:April 2020
463:Cottingham
409:differing
257:blind arch
193:quatrefoil
125:Romanesque
75:clerestory
1666:Rayonnant
1661:Manueline
1598:Catalonia
1573:Lithuania
1522:or region
1468:cite book
1462:. London.
1319:0002-9890
1076:"tracery"
972:garderobe
818:Cambridge
677:Rayonnant
624:does not
605:Rayonnant
427:foliation
333:Rayonnant
265:spandrels
185:spandrels
109:stonework
1817:Category
1766:Gargoyle
1619:By style
1608:Valencia
1588:Portugal
1549:Southern
1437:(1911).
1359:31334043
1192:"Gothic"
978:See also
863:geometry
702:vaulting
522:openwork
495:transoms
429:or the "
406:capitals
358:armature
316:mullions
288:Chartres
280:transept
221:St Denis
134:mullions
105:moulding
1868:Windows
1829:Commons
1798:Tracery
1791:Swedish
1781:English
1603:Levante
1539:England
1534:Czechia
1529:Belarus
1447:(ed.).
1327:2298643
1282:at the
1135:at the
1133:Tracery
756:Lincoln
717:Limoges
645:removed
630:sources
419:lozenge
415:centres
324:England
253:trefoil
189:roundel
89:Tracery
1841:Voyage
1786:French
1738:Poland
1733:Canada
1680:By use
1583:Poland
1566:Venice
1544:France
1357:
1325:
1317:
1210:
1160:
1094:
936:Ă©pures
925:Ă©pures
878:or in
792:radius
564:chevet
402:foiled
249:oculus
245:lancet
181:ashlar
91:is an
1593:Spain
1561:Milan
1556:Italy
1443:. In
1377:(PDF)
1323:JSTOR
721:Rouen
455:ogees
411:radii
320:Reims
247:plus
191:or a
113:glass
1474:link
1355:OCLC
1315:ISSN
1208:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1092:ISBN
955:and
832:and
719:and
695:The
628:any
626:cite
586:The
274:The
157:lace
101:ribs
97:bars
55:nave
1307:doi
1200:doi
1084:doi
828:at
752:Ely
639:by
282:of
127:to
103:of
99:or
1859::
1470:}}
1466:{{
1425:.
1408:.
1379:.
1335:^
1321:.
1313:.
1303:33
1301:.
1227:^
1206:,
1194:,
1180:^
1111:^
1090:,
1078:,
1024:^
951:,
882:,
824:;
820:;
816:,
766:.
747:.
739:.
711:,
704:.
469:.
465:,
203:.
1693:)
1689:(
1642:)
1638:(
1632:)
1628:(
1505:e
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1361:.
1329:.
1309::
1202::
1086::
666:)
660:(
655:)
651:(
647:.
633:.
356:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
