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457:, which cost less, while others migrated, bringing the industry to other countries. However, lace did not come into widespread use until the 16th century in the northwestern part of the European continent. The popularity of lace increased rapidly and the cottage industry of lace making spread throughout Europe.The late 16th century marked the rapid development of lace, both needle lace and bobbin lace became dominant in both fashion as well as home décor. For enhancing the beauty of collars and cuffs, needle lace was embroidered with loops and picots. Sumptuary laws in many countries had a major impact on lace wearing and production throughout its early history, though in some countries they were often ignored or worked around.
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sumptuary laws, such as one in
Massachusetts in 1634, American citizens were not allowed to own or make their lace textiles. Sumptuary laws prevented spending on extravagance and luxury and classified who could own or make lace. This indicates that lace was being made in that colony at the time. Lacemaking was being taught in boarding schools by the mid 1700s, and newspaper advertisements starting in the early 1700s offered to teach the technique. Also in the 18th century,
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936:. Later, in the 17th century, lace was very popular and painting styles were at the time realistic. This allows viewers to see the finery of lace. Painted portraits, primarily those of the wealthy or the nobility, depicted costly laces. This presented a challenge to the painters, who needed to represent not only their sitters accurately, but their intricate lace as well.
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668:, while exiled in Ampthill, England, was said to have supported the lace makers there by burning all her lace, and commissioning new pieces. This may be the origin of the lacemaker's holiday, Cattern's Day. On this day (25 or 26 November) lacemakers were given a day off from work, and Cattern cakes - small dough cakes made with
280:. This is the most flexible of the lace-making arts. While some types can be made more quickly than the finest of bobbin laces, others are very time-consuming. Some purists regard needle lace as the height of lace-making. The finest antique needle laces were made from a very fine thread that is not manufactured today.
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Lace was still much in demand in the 19th century. Lace trimmings on dresses, at seams, pockets, and collars were very popular. The lace being made in the United States was based on
European patterns. By the turn of the 20th century, needlework and other magazines included lace patterns of a range of
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The portrait of
Nicolaes Hasselaer seen here was painted by Frans Hals in about 1627. It depicts a man dressed in a black garment with a lace collar. The collar is detailed enough that those who are expert in lace identification can tell what pattern it is. Hals created the lace effect with dabs of
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Lace was made in
Ireland from the 1730s onwards with several different lace-making schools founded across the country. Many regions acquired a name for high-quality work and others developed a distinctive style. Lace proved to be an important means of income for many poorer women. Several important
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Lace was being made in
Brussels in the 1400s, and samples of such lace survive. Belgium and Flanders became a major center for the creation of primarily bobbin lace starting in the 1500s, and some handmade lace is still being produced there today. Belgian-grown flax contributed to the lace industry
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often wrote about the lace used for his, his wife's, and his acquaintances' clothing, and on 10 May 1669, noted that he intended to remove the gold lace from the sleeves of his coat "as it is fit should", possibly in order to avoid charges of ostentatious living. In 1840, Britain's Queen
Victoria
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American colonists of both
British and Dutch origins strove to acquire lace accessories such as caps, ruffs, and other neckwear, and handkerchiefs. American women who afford lace textiles were also able to afford aprons and dresses trimmed with the technique or made only from lace. Because of
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Lace was used by clergy of the
Catholic Church as part of vestments in religious ceremonies. When they first started to use lace and through the 16th century, they primarily used cutwork. Much of their lace was made of gold, silver, and silk. Wealthy people began to use such expensive lace in
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in 1533, brought
Venetian lace-makers to her new homeland. The French royal court and the fashions popular there, influenced the lace that started to be made in France. It was delicate and graceful, compared to the heavier needle or point-laces of Venice. Examples of French lace are
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The decline of the lace industry in
England began about 1780, as was happening elsewhere. Some of the reasons include the increased popularity of clothing in the Classical style, the economic issues connected to war, and the increased production and use of machine-made laces.
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The Latin word from which "lace" is derived means "noose," and a noose describes an open space outlined with rope or thread. This description applies to many types of open fabric resulting from "looping, plaiting, twisting, or knotting...threads...by hand or machine."
66:, although there are other types of lace, such as knitted or crocheted lace. Other laces such as these are considered as a category of their specific craft. Knitted lace, therefore, is an example of knitting. This article considers both needle lace and bobbin lace.
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in the country. It produced extremely fine linen threads that were a critical factor in the superior texture and quality of Belgian lace. Schools were founded to teach lacemaking to the young. The height of the production of lace there was in the 1700s.
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198:: the stitching area is stitched with embroidery threads that form a continuous motif. Afterwards, the stitching areas are removed and only the embroidery remains. The stitching ground is made of a water-soluble or non-heat-resistant material.
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on a trip to the region in 1789. Machines to make lace began to be smuggled into the country in the early 1800s, as England did not permit these machines to be exported. The first lacemaking factory opened in
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never got the acclaim that lace from France, Italy, and Belgium did. While the lace in Devon stayed stable, in the lace-making areas of the South Midlands there were changes brought by different groups of
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179:. The bobbins, turned from wood, bone, or plastic, hold threads which are woven together and held in place with pins stuck in the pattern on the pillow. The pillow contains straw, preferably
440:. But since lace evolved from other techniques, it is impossible to say that it originated in any one place. The fragility of lace also means that few exceedingly old specimens are extant.
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in 1818. Ipswich had its own in 1824. The women there moved from making bobbin lace to decorating the machine-made net lace with darning and tambour stitches, creating what is known as
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649:. Belgian lacemakers were encouraged to settle in Honiton in Devon at the end of the 16th century. They continued to make pillow and other lace, as they had in their homeland, but
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of England maintained close ties with the French court, and so French lace began to be seen and appreciated in England. Lace was used on her court gowns, and became fashionable.
489:, showed support in 1457 for a law protecting lacemakers. In 1476, the lace trade was seriously affected by a law which disallowed "silver and embroidery on any fabric and the
595:. Lacemaking may have come to Spain from Italy in the 1500s, or from Flanders, its province at the time. This lace was much admired, and was made throughout the country.
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Bobbin and needle lace were both being made in Italy early in the 1400s. Documenting lace in Italy in the 15th century is a list of fine laces from the inventory of
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also were known for their own styles of lace. Belgian lacemakers either originated or developed laces such as Brussels or Brabant Lace, Lace of Flanders,
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clothing trimmings and furnishings, such as cushion covers. In the 1300s and 1400s in the Italian states, heavy duties were imposed on lace, and strict
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694:, Massachusetts had become the only place in America known for producing handmade lace. By 1790, women in Ipswich, who were primarily from the
563:. The 17th century court of King Louis the XIV of France was known for its extravagance, and during his reign lace, particularly the delicate
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While some experts say both needle lace and bobbin lace began in Italy in the late 1500s, there are some questions regarding its origins.
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women in Minnesota in 1890. Classes were being held for members of many tribes throughout the US by the first decade of the 1900s St.
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610:. By the time of her death in 1575, there were over 30,000 lacemakers in that area of Germany. Following the revocation of the
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In Venice, lace making was originally the province of leisured noblewomen, using it as a pastime. Some of the wives of
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The lace that was made in England prior to the introduction of bobbin lace in the mid 1500s was primarily cutwork or
226:, is lace constructed by removing threads from a woven background, and the remaining threads wrapped or filled with
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learned how to make bobbin lace as a girl from a Protestant refugee. In 1561 she started a lace-making workshop in
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lacemakers moved to Hamburg and Berlin. The earliest known lace pattern book was printed in Cologne in 1527.
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is a textile craft consisting of a series of knots and loops arranged with a shuttle or needle based process.
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in an open weblike pattern, made by machine or by hand. Generally, lace is split into two main categories,
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575:, a tall lace headdress, became fashionable in France at this time. Louis XIV's finance minister,
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The origin of lace is disputed by historians. An Italian claim is a will of 1493 by the Milanese
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were passed. This led to less demand for lace. In the mid-1400s some lacemakers turned to using
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or other materials such as sawdust, insulation styrofoam, or ethafoam. Also known as bone-lace.
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family. A Flemish claim is lace on the alb of a worshiping priest in a painting about 1485 by
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thread, although linen and silk threads are still available. Manufactured lace may be made of
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92:. A few modern artists make lace with a fine copper or silver wire instead of thread.
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There are two distinct areas of England where lacemaking was a significant industry:
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guided many women out of prostitution by establishing them in the lace making and
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Openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand
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grey and white, using black paint to indicate the spaces between the threads.
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There are many types of lace, classified by how they are made. These include:
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2017:
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1489:"Labor and Lace: The Crafts of Giacomo Franco's Habiti delle donne venetiane"
1275:(translation by Magda Grisar ed.). Paris: Dessain et Tolra. p. 11.
1239:"Hans Memling | La Vierge et l'Enfant entre saint Jacques et saint Dominique"
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of linen threads made with a needle, or gold and silver threads." In 1595,
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630:. There is a 1554 mention of Sir Thomas Wyatt wearing a ruff trimmed with
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lace is any style of lace created or replicated using mechanical means.
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Portrait of an Unknown Lady. Florentine School, 1571. National Trust.
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was married in lace, influencing the wedding dress style until now.
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Portrait of Nicolaes Hasselaer by Frans Hals, c. 1627. Rijksmuseum.
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Labors of love : America's textiles and needlework, 1650-1930
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1829:"Society of Jesus Celebrates Feast of St. John Francis Regis, SJ"
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Travels with George : in search of Washington and his legacy
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Portrait of an Unknown Gentleman in Brown with a Lace Collar by
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Carrickmacross Lace 'Illusion' dress by Irish fashion designer
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Lacemaking in Spain was established early, as by the 1600s its
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180:
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658:: Flemings, French Huguenots, and later, French escaping the
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Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution
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Amazing lace : a history of the Limerick lace industry
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The earliest portraits showing lace are those of the early
734:, an Episcopalian missionary, began to teach lacemaking to
634:(some bobbins at the time were made of bone). The court of
84:, or silver threads were used. Now lace is often made with
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Unknown Holland painter, Portrait of woman, 17th century,
3251:
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Pillow or bobbin lace : technique, patterns, history
1398:"History of Lace | Lace Trends | Lace Spreads"
1273:
Inleiding to kantcreatie (Introduction to creating lace)
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varieties, was extremely popular as court dress. The
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943:An image of an anonymous female artisan appears in
175:, as the name suggests, is made with bobbins and a
1327:Old handmade lace : with a dictionary of lace
1200:The Story of Lace and Embroidery and Handkerchiefs
1433:Lace and bobbins; a history and collector's guide
1686:. London: Dorling Kindersley. 2014. p. 46.
3026:Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods
1993:. Munich: Knorr & Hirth Verlag. p. 27.
1400:. Decoratingwithlaceoutlet.com. Archived from
1217:. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. p. 10.
672:, were used to celebrate. The English diarist
32:Valuable old lace, cut and framed for sale in
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2817:
2062:
1544:Old World Lace, or a Guide for the Lace Lover
1260:(in French). Brussel: L. Lebègue. p. 10.
8:
3031:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
1634:A Calendar of Feasts; Cattern cakes and lace
1615:"St Catherine's Day, Cattern Cakes and Lace"
1436:( ed.). South Brunswick: A.S. Barnes.
1097:in 2022 for a major New York installation,
726:spread the knowledge of lace making to the
296:and embellished with needle or bobbin lace.
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1922:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1795:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1493:I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance
1585:. Margaret S. Marriage. New York: Dover.
1075:Marès Lace Museum/Museu Marès de la Punta
956:(1632–1675), completed around 1669–1670.
1732:. Wendy Lavitt. New York: Wings Books.
1111:
307:
1938:"Patron Saints of Needlework and Lace"
1915:
1788:
1081:Musée des Beaux-Arts et de la Dentelle
722:In North America in the 19th century,
335:made on a pillow with bobbins and pins
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825:Some patron saints of lace include:
1215:The Magic of Shetland Lace Knitting
816:Patrons, designers, and lace makers
404:For the industrial revolution, see
3084:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2004:Smith, Roberta (8 December 2022).
1330:. Emily Jackson. New York: Dover.
746:trade, which is why he became the
143:Square Lace "Sampler," 1800-1825,
14:
2006:"Lace, That Most Coveted Textile"
1384:www.lacemakerslace.oddquine.co.uk
1063:Lacis Museum of Lace and Textiles
1051:The Lace Guild Museum and Gallery
481:also supported lacemaking in the
467:Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Milan
3236:
2786:
2776:
2765:
2288:
1726:Weissman, Judith Reiter (1994).
1364:Jackson, Mrs. F. Nevill (1900).
1271:van Steyvoort, Collette (1983).
1243:Site officiel du musée du Louvre
1093:, and their exhibit traveled to
1047:, Kenmare, County Kerry, Ireland
384:
370:
365:, embroidered on an existing net
355:
340:
325:
310:
1813:. 1 August 2013. Archived from
400:History: Bobbin and needle lace
1989:Van Guldener, Hermine (1969).
1069:Lace Museum/Museo del Merletto
1045:Kenmare Lace and Design Centre
1:
1761:Philbrick, Nathaniel (2021).
1657:Pepys, Samuel (10 May 1669).
1245:(in French). 12 October 2023.
276:, is made using a needle and
111:, noose, string, from Vulgar
3162:Conservation and restoration
1964:"The 10 Best Lace Paintings"
1487:Jones, Ann Rosalind (2014).
1155:Miller's collecting textiles
542:Lace arrived in France when
415:Early lace on a fragment of
320:, showing button hole stitch
4729:
4705:
4676:
4642:
4633:
4579:
4020:
3225:Textile manufacturing terms
1579:Mincoff, Elizabeth (1987).
1557:Jones, Mary Eirwen (1951).
1366:A History of Hand-Made Lace
1059:, Sunnyvale, California, US
901:Caterina Angiola Pieroncini
860:St Paraskeva of the Balkans
288:makes the tape in the lace
161:National Gallery of Armenia
4950:
3189:Mathematics and fiber arts
1894:. Jacqui Hayes. Limerick.
1465:Singleton, Esther (1917).
1256:Verhaegen, Pierre (1912).
1213:Lovick, Elizabeth (2013).
1065:, Berkeley, California, US
996:, a similar type of fabric
835:St Catherine of Alexandria
776:schools of lace included:
757:
487:Giovanna Malipiero Dandolo
403:
123:, noose; probably akin to
18:
3233:
2973:
2763:
2286:
1663:The Diary of Samuel Pepys
1368:. London: L. Upcott Gill.
1297:"The Craft of Lacemaking"
1198:Schwab, David E. (1957).
210:, pineapple crochet, and
190:is a type of bobbin lace.
4896:Swatches and strike-offs
4799:Vitale Barberis Canonico
1888:Potter, Matthew (2014).
1546:. New York: E.P. Dutton.
1152:Frost, Patricia (2000).
850:St Helena of Constantine
614:in France in 1685, many
546:, newly married to King
127:, to entice or ensnare.
1542:Blum, Clara M. (1920).
1430:Huetson, T. L. (1973).
1324:Jackson, Emily (1987).
1091:St. Gallen, Switzerland
1087:Textilmuseum St. Gallen
1033:Fashion and Lace Museum
1020:Fashion and Lace Museum
845:St Elizabeth of Hungary
3937:Vinyl coated polyester
2980:
2042:Lace bands and fabrics
1202:. New York: Fairchild.
1077:, Arenys de Mar, Spain
1023:
929:
812:
800:
772:
424:
163:
147:
100:The word lace is from
40:
4813:Manufacturingindustry
3064:Australian Aboriginal
2994:Clothing and textiles
2979:
2774:at Wikimedia Commons
1991:Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
1632:Jones, Julia (1987).
1022:, Brussels, Belgium.
1018:
1005:Scranton Lace Company
927:
806:
798:
767:
709:Medway, Massachusetts
702:reportedly purchased
577:Jean Baptiste Colbert
414:
158:
142:
31:
21:Lace (disambiguation)
4769:Holland & Sherry
3199:Units of measurement
2718:Other handmade laces
1659:"Monday 10 May 1669"
1467:Lace and Lace Making
1158:. London: Miller's.
1095:Bard Graduate Center
1071:, near Venice, Italy
1010:See-through clothing
949:, a painting by the
914:Rosa Elena Egipciaco
895:Federico de Vinciolo
589:Point d'Espagne lace
417:The Virgin and Child
19:For other uses, see
4871:History of textiles
3243:Clothing portal
3040:Regional and ethnic
3014:Indian subcontinent
2793:Clothing portal
2190:Puncetto Valsesiano
1970:. 29 September 2015
1619:Lavender and Lovage
1559:The Romance of Lace
1127:The Free Dictionary
1035:, Brussels, Belgium
966:Anglo Scotian Mills
666:Catherine of Aragon
544:Catherine de Medici
350:, a type of cutwork
274:Venetian Gros Point
4724:Woodblock printing
4253:Conductive textile
3422:Cedar bark textile
3172:wearable fiber art
2981:
2783:Fashion portal
2512:Point d'Angleterre
2010:The New York Times
1561:. London: Staples.
1024:
930:
813:
801:
773:
740:John Francis Regis
512:Point d'Angleterre
425:
164:
148:
41:
4919:
4918:
4278:Lenticular fabric
4229:
4228:
3927:Vegetable flannel
3249:
3248:
2799:
2798:
2770:Media related to
2573:
2572:
2284:
2283:
2261:Broderie anglaise
2150:Hedebo embroidery
1944:. 27 January 2015
1901:978-0-905700-22-9
1817:on 1 August 2013.
1774:978-0-525-56217-7
1380:"History of Lace"
1258:La Dentelle Belge
1224:978-1-250-03908-8
1053:, Stourbridge, UK
1041:, Bruges, Belgium
934:Florentine School
889:Morosina Morosini
700:George Washington
628:drawn thread work
495:Morosina Morosini
348:Broderie anglaise
4939:
4901:Synthetic fabric
4734:
4710:
4700:Textile printing
4681:
4647:
4638:
4584:
4158:Machine knitting
4092:Velours du Kasaï
4025:
3294:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3253:
3241:
3240:
2957:Textile printing
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1876:
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1869:on 25 April 2016
1868:
1862:. Archived from
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1835:. Archived from
1825:
1819:
1818:
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1684:The Fashion Book
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1621:. 12 April 2017.
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1099:Threads of Power
954:Johannes Vermeer
877:Giovanna Dandolo
750:of lace making.
696:British Midlands
645:and part of the
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4876:History of silk
4849:
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4685:Roller printing
4557:
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4390:
4379:Tartan or plaid
4307:
4243:Ballistic nylon
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2755:Liturgical lace
2713:
2689:Curtain Machine
2654:
2630:Broomstick lace
2616:
2569:
2565:3 Pair Flanders
2516:
2478:
2459:Dentelle du Puy
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2105:Point de Venise
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1839:on 27 June 2017
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1057:The Lace Museum
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982:Lagetta lagetto
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883:Barbara Uthmann
873:
865:St Rose of Lima
823:
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809:Godfrey Kneller
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728:Native American
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636:Queen Elizabeth
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604:Barbara Uttmann
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832:
822:
819:
817:
814:
778:Carrickmacross
770:Sybil Connolly
758:Main article:
755:
752:
686:
683:
647:South Midlands
623:
620:
600:
597:
584:
581:
539:
536:
510:was known for
502:
499:
474:
471:
462:
459:
451:sumptuary laws
445:
442:
429:
426:
401:
398:
397:
396:
394:, with shuttle
390:
383:
381:
376:
369:
367:
361:
354:
352:
346:
339:
337:
331:
324:
322:
316:
309:
306:
305:
297:
281:
265:
257:
243:
231:
215:
203:Crocheted lace
199:
191:
188:Chantilly lace
152:
149:
132:
129:
102:Middle English
97:
94:
46:is a delicate
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4945:
4944:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:Manufacturing
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4749:Carlo Barbera
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4714:Warp printing
4712:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4690:Sanforization
4688:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4651:Mercerization
4649:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:(Manila hemp)
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:Needlerun net
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4196:Carbon fibers
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3517:Donegal tweed
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Cloth of gold
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Almerían silk
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:Manufacturing
3182:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Passementerie
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Lace knitting
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:Filet crochet
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Irish crochet
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:'s Gravenmoer
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Needlerun net
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Point de Gaze
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Punto in Aria
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1881:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1811:"Indian Lace"
1806:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1739:0-517-10136-X
1735:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:9781409352327
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1592:0-486-25505-0
1588:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:. The Mentor.
1468:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1443:0-498-01398-7
1439:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1337:0-486-25309-0
1333:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1302:
1301:LaceGuild.org
1298:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1165:1-84000-203-4
1161:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
990:
987:
984:
983:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
959:
957:
955:
952:
948:
947:
946:The Lacemaker
941:
937:
935:
926:
919:
915:
912:
911:
907:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:
870:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:St John Regis
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
821:Patron saints
820:
815:
810:
805:
797:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
771:
766:
761:
753:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
716:
714:
713:Limerick lace
710:
705:
701:
697:
693:
684:
682:
678:
675:
671:
670:caraway seeds
667:
663:
661:
657:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
621:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
598:
596:
594:
590:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
545:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
500:
498:
496:
492:
491:Punto in Aria
488:
484:
480:
472:
470:
469:, from 1493.
468:
460:
458:
456:
452:
444:Early history
443:
441:
439:
435:
427:
422:
418:
413:
407:
399:
393:
387:
382:
379:
378:Lace knitting
373:
368:
364:
358:
353:
349:
343:
338:
334:
328:
323:
319:
313:
308:
303:
302:
298:
295:
291:
287:
286:
282:
279:
275:
271:
270:
266:
263:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
244:
241:
240:Shetland lace
237:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
220:
216:
213:
212:filet crochet
209:
208:Irish crochet
205:
204:
200:
197:
196:
195:Chemical lace
192:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
173:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
150:
146:
141:
137:
130:
128:
126:
122:
119:, from Latin
118:
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67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
4835:Preservation
4742:Fabric mills
4719:Waxed cotton
4324:Bizarre silk
4200:
4082:Polar fleece
3817:Saga Nishiki
3812:Russell cord
3617:Harris tweed
3362:Brilliantine
3342:Bedford cord
3308:(Medriñaque)
3220:Sewing terms
3215:Dyeing terms
2891:
2840:Fundamentals
2833:Textile arts
2650:Orvieto lace
2449:Bedfordshire
2396:Valenciennes
2308:Mesh grounds
2271:Lefkara lace
2170:Kenmare Lace
2155:Hollie Point
2077:
2021:. Retrieved
2009:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1968:Sophie Ploeg
1967:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1890:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1860:"Irish Lace"
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:the original
1832:
1823:
1815:the original
1805:
1763:
1756:
1728:
1683:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:
1652:
1633:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1581:
1558:
1552:
1543:
1537:
1496:
1492:
1466:
1460:
1432:
1408:11 September
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1326:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1214:
1208:
1199:
1154:
1130:. Retrieved
1126:
1027:Lace museums
989:Lippitt Mill
980:
951:Dutch artist
944:
942:
938:
931:
908:Contemporary
824:
774:
748:Patron Saint
732:Sibyl Carter
724:missionaries
721:
717:
704:Ipswich Lace
688:
679:
674:Samuel Pepys
664:
651:Honiton lace
640:
625:
602:
586:
541:
528:Valenciennes
504:
476:
464:
447:
438:Hans Memling
431:
421:Hans Memling
416:
406:Lace machine
299:
283:
267:
261:Machine-made
259:
246:Knotted lace
245:
235:Knitted lace
233:
217:
201:
193:
170:
165:
134:
124:
120:
116:
108:
99:
71:
68:
43:
42:
25:
4845:Terminology
4830:Performance
4678:Rōketsuzome
4623:Heatsetting
4598:Calendering
4588:Bògòlanfini
4535:Spider silk
4349:Houndstooth
4344:Herringbone
4303:Windstopper
4148:Boiled wool
3667:Kente cloth
3657:Khaki drill
3637:Irish linen
3622:Herringbone
3487:Cotton duck
3447:Cheesecloth
3306:Abacá cloth
3120:Indonesian
2902:Nålebinding
2725:Metal laces
2597:Renaissance
2346:Bucks point
2299:Bobbin lace
2120:Aemilia Ars
2087:Needle lace
1833:jesuits.org
1039:Kantcentrum
920:Lace in art
891:(1545–1614)
885:(1514–1575)
879:(1457–1462)
811:(1646-1723)
333:Bobbin lace
318:Needle lace
269:Needle lace
172:Bobbin lace
131:Description
72:Originally
64:bobbin lace
4779:Loro Piana
4774:Larusmiani
4707:Tsutsugaki
4695:Tenterhook
4603:Decatising
4480:Microfiber
4384:Tattersall
4364:Pinstripes
4339:Glen plaid
4263:E-textiles
4130:Cedar bark
4087:Terrycloth
4034:Pile woven
3922:Ultrasuede
3852:Seersucker
3777:Perpetuana
3702:Madapollam
3647:Kerseymere
3432:Char cloth
3387:Byrd Cloth
3367:Broadcloth
3352:Beta cloth
3208:Glossaries
2937:Rug making
2907:Needlework
2867:Embroidery
2662:-made lace
2612:Branscombe
2602:Battenberg
2587:Mezzopunto
2555:Schneeberg
2484:Part laces
2223:Filet lace
2210:Embroidery
2145:Halas lace
2130:Argentella
2095:Filet lace
2023:9 December
1948:18 October
1873:27 January
1783:1237806867
1643:0863182526
1282:224927665X
1106:References
985:(Lacebark)
840:St Crispin
760:Irish lace
744:embroidery
660:Revolution
363:Filet lace
272:, such as
228:embroidery
106:Old French
60:needlelace
4891:Shrinkage
4840:Recycling
4764:E. Thomas
4613:Finishing
4551:Finishing
4495:Polyester
4445:Eisengarn
4369:Polka dot
4235:Technical
4163:Milliskin
4102:Velveteen
4057:Crimplene
3872:Shot silk
3797:Rayadillo
3792:Rakematiz
3692:Longcloth
3612:Haircloth
3602:Grosgrain
3592:Grenadine
3582:Ghalamkar
3577:Georgette
3562:Gabardine
3437:Charmeuse
3357:Bombazine
3347:Bengaline
3332:Barkcloth
3194:Recycling
3167:Fiber art
3009:Byzantine
2917:Patchwork
2709:Warp Knit
2579:Tape lace
2351:Chantilly
2276:Saba lace
2228:Reticella
2018:0362-4331
1918:cite book
1910:910526333
1791:cite book
1702:889544401
1668:7 January
1529:192036554
1513:0393-5949
994:Pointelle
788:lace and
632:bone lace
573:frontange
561:Chantilly
285:Tape lace
248:includes
238:includes
224:whitework
206:includes
96:Etymology
4926:Category
4881:Knitting
4784:Piacenza
4759:Dormeuil
4644:Katazome
4628:Indienne
4574:Beetling
4564:Androsia
4555:printing
4515:Sea silk
4490:Pashmina
4430:Cashmere
4374:Shweshwe
4312:Patterns
4298:SympaTex
4293:Stub-tex
4283:Silnylon
4273:Gore-Tex
4191:Bobbinet
4117:Nonwoven
4107:Zibeline
4072:Moquette
4052:Corduroy
4047:Chenille
3986:Figured
3967:Whipcord
3767:Paduasoy
3752:Osnaburg
3722:Nainsook
3712:Moleskin
3697:Mackinaw
3542:Eolienne
3502:Cretonne
3482:Corduroy
3417:Capilene
3412:Chambray
3392:C change
3327:Barathea
3317:Armazine
3179:Industry
3157:Blocking
3124:Balinese
3068:Burmese
2999:Quilting
2947:Spinning
2927:Quilting
2887:Knitting
2852:Beadwork
2847:Appliqué
2694:Chemical
2669:Bobbinet
2592:Princess
2540:Hinojosa
2535:Milanese
2507:Rosaline
2502:Brussels
2474:Yak lace
2421:Mundillo
2386:Flanders
2321:Freehand
2233:Limerick
2195:Tenerife
2160:Nallıhan
2135:Armenian
2125:Argentan
1748:29315818
1601:16527223
1346:14718956
1174:48140446
960:See also
871:Historic
786:Limerick
730:tribes.
616:Huguenot
608:Annaberg
593:mantilla
569:Argentan
557:Argentan
548:Henry II
508:Brussels
483:Republic
50:made of
4906:Weaving
4854:Related
4754:Cerruti
4618:Fulling
4593:Burnout
4581:Bingata
4530:Spandex
4410:Acrylic
4359:Paisley
4288:Spandex
4258:Darlexx
4248:Ban-Lon
4153:Coolmax
4140:Knitted
4067:Mockado
4062:Fustian
4015:Songket
3995:Brocade
3977:Zorbeez
3942:Viyella
3932:Ventile
3897:Ticking
3882:Taffeta
3842:Scarlet
3807:Ripstop
3772:Percale
3757:Ottoman
3747:Organza
3742:Organdy
3737:Oilskin
3727:Nankeen
3642:Jamdani
3607:Habutai
3587:Gingham
3557:Fustian
3552:Foulard
3547:Flannel
3537:Drugget
3477:Cordura
3452:Chiffon
3442:Charvet
3427:Challis
3402:Cambric
3377:Bunting
3372:Buckram
3337:Batiste
3150:Related
3114:Oaxacan
3104:Mexican
3094:Mapuche
3047:African
2962:Weaving
2897:Macramé
2877:Felting
2857:Crochet
2740:Tatting
2735:Macramé
2699:Raschel
2674:Leavers
2660:Machine
2640:Hairpin
2560:Peasant
2545:Russian
2492:Honiton
2469:Maltese
2444:Genoese
2431:Guipure
2411:Ipswich
2406:Mechlin
2401:Antwerp
2371:Beveren
2336:Beeralu
2316:Torchon
2253:Cutwork
2243:Tambour
2218:Buratto
2200:Youghal
2175:Ñandutí
2115:Alençon
1974:4 April
1942:Refresh
1306:26 July
1000:Ribbons
976:Fishnet
830:St Anne
790:Youghal
782:Kenmare
754:Ireland
719:types.
692:Ipswich
685:America
656:émigrés
622:England
599:Germany
565:Alençon
553:Alençon
524:Mechlin
501:Belgium
485:. One,
428:Origins
392:Tatting
301:Tatting
254:tatting
250:macramé
219:Cutwork
121:laqueus
104:, from
38:Belgium
4861:Dyeing
4820:Design
4794:Scabal
4635:Kasuri
4608:Devoré
4485:Olefin
4470:Mohair
4460:Kevlar
4440:Cotton
4420:Angora
4415:Alpaca
4354:Kelsch
4319:Argyle
4268:Gannex
4183:Netted
4173:Velour
4168:Jersey
4097:Velvet
4010:Lampas
4005:Damask
4000:Camlet
3972:Zephyr
3957:Waffle
3952:Wadmal
3907:Tucuyo
3892:Tartan
3857:Sendal
3827:Sateen
3822:Samite
3787:Poplin
3782:Pongee
3762:Oxford
3717:Muslin
3707:Madras
3632:Hodden
3627:Himroo
3527:Dowlas
3522:Dornix
3512:Dimity
3492:Coutil
3467:Cloqué
3462:Chintz
3407:Canvas
3397:Calico
3382:Burlap
3312:Aertex
3283:Fabric
3136:Korean
3109:Navajo
3089:Andean
3072:Acheik
2952:Stitch
2942:Sewing
2922:Plying
2872:Fabric
2862:Dyeing
2750:Sprang
2684:Barmen
2679:Pusher
2550:Idrija
2497:Bruges
2464:Liptov
2381:Binche
2366:Tønder
2356:Chefoo
2341:Blonde
2331:Bayeux
2140:Burano
2016:
1908:
1898:
1781:
1771:
1746:
1736:
1700:
1690:
1640:
1599:
1589:
1527:
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1511:
1452:793392
1450:
1440:
1344:
1334:
1279:
1221:
1172:
1162:
1132:23 May
1123:"Lace"
784:lace,
780:lace,
736:Ojibwa
559:, and
538:France
532:Binche
520:Bruges
516:Lierre
473:Venice
434:Sforza
294:joined
278:thread
177:pillow
125:lacere
117:laceum
86:cotton
56:thread
48:fabric
34:Bruges
4886:Pandy
4866:Fiber
4804:Zegna
4731:Yūzen
4656:Moire
4569:Batik
4525:Sisal
4510:Rayon
4505:Ramie
4475:Nylon
4465:Linen
4425:Bashō
4404:Abacá
4334:Chiné
4329:Check
4221:Tulle
4216:Ninon
4077:Plush
4042:Baize
4022:Rinzu
3988:woven
3962:Wigan
3947:Voile
3917:Twill
3912:Tweed
3902:Toile
3877:Stuff
3867:Scrim
3862:Serge
3832:Satin
3732:Ninon
3687:Loden
3652:Khādī
3572:Gazar
3567:Gauze
3532:Drill
3507:Denim
3497:Crêpe
3457:Chino
3298:Woven
3290:Types
3141:Māori
3129:Sumba
3079:Hmong
3052:Kongo
2882:Fiber
2530:Cantù
2454:Cluny
2439:Greek
2391:Paris
2376:Lille
2361:Cogne
2326:Arras
2080:types
1867:(PDF)
1843:8 May
1525:S2CID
1517:JSTOR
971:Doily
792:lace.
643:Devon
583:Spain
479:doges
461:Italy
222:, or
184:straw
151:Types
113:Latin
74:linen
4932:Lace
4911:Yarn
4789:Reda
4540:Wool
4520:Silk
4500:Piña
4455:Jute
4450:Hemp
4435:Coir
4206:Mesh
4201:Lace
4125:Felt
3887:Tais
3837:Saye
3677:Lawn
3672:Lamé
3099:Maya
3057:Kuba
3004:Silk
2967:Yarn
2932:Rope
2892:Lace
2772:Lace
2522:Tape
2078:Lace
2025:2022
2014:ISSN
1976:2021
1950:2023
1924:link
1906:OCLC
1896:ISBN
1875:2022
1845:2017
1797:link
1779:OCLC
1769:ISBN
1767:. .
1744:OCLC
1734:ISBN
1698:OCLC
1688:ISBN
1670:2015
1638:ISBN
1597:OCLC
1587:ISBN
1509:ISSN
1448:OCLC
1438:ISBN
1410:2012
1342:OCLC
1332:ISBN
1308:2022
1277:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1170:OCLC
1160:ISBN
1134:2012
567:and
530:and
518:and
455:flax
252:and
82:gold
78:silk
62:and
52:yarn
44:Lace
4661:Nap
4553:and
3802:Rep
2185:Pag
2180:Oya
1501:doi
419:by
181:oat
109:las
54:or
4928::
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1912:.
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