61:
274:
791:
843:
Gregory of
Nazianus and St. Basil; "The defence of images, coupled with the denunciation of Idolatry, the enthusiasm for the monastic ideal, and the scant regard shown for the bishops and the secular clergy, almost compel us to place the work in the time of the Iconoclastic Controversy. The position, taken up and defended, is exactly that of the Icon-venerators; and we regard this fact alone as conclusive evidence for an eighth century date."; that St. John was often known as "John the Monk", so the fact that he wasn't specifically named in the earliest manuscripts doesn't rule him out.
164:
265:. According to the legend, an Indian king persecuted the Christian Church in his realm. After astrologers predicted that his own son would some day become a Christian, the king imprisoned the young prince Josaphat, who nevertheless met the hermit Saint Barlaam and converted to Christianity. After much tribulation the young prince's father accepted the Christian faith, turned over his throne to Josaphat, and retired to the desert to become a hermit. Josaphat himself later abdicated and went into seclusion with his old teacher Barlaam.
499:. When astrologers predicted that his own son would some day become a Christian, Abenner had the young prince Josaphat isolated from external contact. Despite the imprisonment, Josaphat met the hermit Saint Barlaam and converted to Christianity. Josaphat kept his faith even in the face of his father's anger and persuasion. Eventually Abenner converted, turned over his throne to Josaphat, and retired to the desert to become a hermit. Josaphat himself later abdicated and went into seclusion with his old teacher Barlaam.
60:
977:
1809:
806:. "But not till the mid-nineteenth century was it recognised that, in Josaphat, the Buddha had been venerated as a Christian saint for about a thousand years." This was ascertained through the researches of Edouard de Laboulaye and Felix Liebrecht in 1859-1860. The authorship of the work is disputed. The origins of the story may be a Central Asian manuscript written in the
484:
235:
2036:
Emmanuel
Choisnel Les Parthes et la Route de la soie 2004 – Page 202 "Dans l'Église grecque orthodoxe, Saint Josaphat a été fêté le 26 août et, dans l'Église romaine, le 27 novembre a été la ... D. M. Lang, auteur du chapitre « Iran, Armenia and Georgia » dans la Cambridge History of Iran,
842:
sum up the arguments in favor of John of
Damascus' authorship as follows: The work's doctrine is remarkably similar to St. John's, to the point where "in many passages the resemblance amounts almost to verbal identity"; there are frequent quotations from St. John's favorite authors, such as St.
1853:
Le nom de
Josaphat dérive, tout comme son associé Barlaam dans la légende, du mot Bodhisattva. Le terme Bodhisattva passa d'abord en pehlevi, puis en arabe, où il devint Budasaf. Étant donné qu'en arabe le "b" et le "y" ne different que
1001:
Robert Volk, Die
Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos VI/2: Historia animae utilis de Barlaam et Ioasaph (spuria). Text und zehn Appendices. Patristische Texte und Studien Bd. 60. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006. Pp. xiv, 512.
1043:
Iacobo Billio Prvnæo, S. Michaëlis in eremo Cœnobiarcha, interprete. Nune denuò accuratissimè à P. Societate Iesv revisa & correcta. Coloniæ Agrippinæ, Apud
Iodocvm Kalcoven, M. DC. XLIII. – Modern Latin translation of the
989:
Robert Volk, Die
Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos VI/1: Historia animae utilis de Barlaam et Ioasaph (spuria). Patristische Texte und Studien Bd. 61. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009. Pp. xlii, 596.
853:
The modern edition of the Greek text, from the 160 surviving variant manuscripts (2006), with introduction (German, 2009) is published as Volume 6 of the works of John the
Damascene by the monks of the
2296:
1867:
D.M. Lang, The Life of the
Blessed Iodasaph: A New Oriental Christian Version of the Barlaam and Ioasaph Romance (Jerusalem, Greek Patriarchal Library: Georgian MS 140), BSOAS 20.1/3 (1957):
1028:
Iacobo Billio Prunæo, S. Michaëlis in eremo Cœnobiarcha interprete. Coloniae, In
Officina Birckmannica, sumptibus Arnoldi Mylij. Anno M. D. XCIII. – Modern Latin translation of the Greek.
1349:(Loeb Classical Library). David M. Lang (introduction), G. R. Woodward (translator), Harold Mattingly (translator)· Publisher: Loeb Classical Library, W. Heinemann; 1967, 1914.
1914:
1159:
Vida do honorado Infante Josaphate, filho del Rey Avenir, versão de frei Hilário da Lourinhã: e a identificação, por Diogo do Couto (1542–1616), de Josaphate com o Buda
2435:
1992:
1034:
S. Io. Damasceno avctores, Iac. Billio Prunæo interprete. Antverpiæ, Sumptibus Viduæ & hæredum Ioannis Belleri. 1602. – Modern Latin translation of the Greek.
1085:. Published: London; New York: Kegan Paul; Biggleswade, UK: Distributed by Extenza-Turpin Distribution; New York: Distributed by Columbia University Press, 2004.
955:
California University Press: Los Angeles, 1966. Translation of the long version Georgian work that probably served as a basis for the Greek text. Jerusalem MS140
2337:
1787:[and that, already in the 16th century, it would become a weapon defending the validity of monastic life and free will against Lutheran doctrine.]
1227:
858:, edited by Robert Volk. It was included in the edition due to the traditional ascription, but marked "spuria" as the translator is the Georgian monk
1333:
Barlaam and Josaphat : a transcription of MS Egerton 876 with notes, glossary, and comparative study of the Middle English and Japanese versions
2420:
759:
776:
1785:
y que ya en el s. XVI se convirtiera en un arma defensora de la validez de la vida monástica y del libre albedrío frente a la doctrina luterana.
2390:
1812:
1484:
Habermann, Avraham Meir (ed.), Avraham ben Hasdai, Ben hammelekh vehannazir, Jerusalem: Mahberot lesifrut – Mossad haRav Kook 1950 (in Hebrew).
2252:
1976:
1898:
1712:
1693:
Sangharakshita, "From Genesis to the Diamond Sutra – A Western Buddhist's Encounters with Christianity" (Windhorse Publications, 2005), p.165
1285:
1007:
995:
2395:
1363:. With philological introduction and notes to the Vernon, Harleian and Bodleian versions, by John Morrison. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink, 1895.
1230:. Both manuscripts were published in 1913 by Czech slavist Josef Karásek and Croatian philologist Franjo Fancev and reprinted in 1996. The
1397:(died 1204). There are several other Old Norse versions of the same story, translated independently from different sources. There are two
1216:
translations, one manuscript and one printed, originated in the beginning of the 18th century. The book was published by Petar Maçukat in
2213:
2385:
1547:
2405:
1083:
Baralam and Yewasef : the Ethiopic version of a Christianized recension of the Buddhist legend of the Buddha and the Bodhisattva
487:
Prince Josaphat greets the leper and the crippled. Illustration from a 14th-century copy of Vincent de Beauvais' Speculum Historiale.
2225:
2191:
1502:
1433:
1354:
1340:
1326:
1271:
70:
273:
2440:
2430:
2415:
2410:
981:
1585:
798:
There are a large number of different books in various languages, all dealing with the lives of Saints Barlaam and Josaphat in
641:
of the Buddha, but this derivation is unproven and others have been proposed. Almuth Degener suggests derivation from Sanskrit
1191:("Lives of the Saints" for November, pp. 563–590), an abridged version of which is given in the Ohrid Prologue of Bishop
2450:
2091:
366:
2400:
2027:
Apud Indos, Persis finitimos, sanctorum Barlaam et Josaphat, quorum actus mirandos sanctus Joannes Damascenus conscripsit.
330:
in the eighth century, from where it entered into Middle Eastern Christian circles before appearing in European versions.
1664:
1464:
1259:. Prague: Published for Hohen Unterrichtsministeriums in Wien and the Hlávka family fond by Edvard Leschinger, 1913.
1318:
163:
1684:
F.C. Conybeare, "The Barlaam and Josaphat Legend in the Ancient Georgian and Armenian Literatures" (Gorgias Press)
2380:
1512:
835:
452:. The latter was described as "perhaps the flower of religious literary creativity in the German Middle Ages" by
421:
manuscripts notes the remarkable similarity between the tale of "Sakyamuni Burkham" (the name that Polo uses for
35:
2445:
1803:
867:
31:
2242:
1414:
891:
859:
794:
A page from the 1896 edition by Joseph Jacobs at the University of Toronto (Click on image to read the book)
768:
184:
96:
66:
1192:
1161:. Introduction and notes by Margarida Corrêa de Lacerda. Lisboa: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, 1963.
906:
391:
2321:
1612:
492:
399:
204:
116:
826:
The best-known version in Europe comes from a separate, but not wholly independent, source, written in
802:. In this hagiographic tradition, the life and teachings of Josaphat have many parallels with those of
2110:
406:, in the 13th century. The story of Josaphat and Barlaam also occupies a great part of book xv of the
2425:
2006:
Taniguchi, Isamu (1985). "Story of Barlaam and Josaphat as Crucible of Intercultural Communication".
1394:
2364:
2331:
1953:
1878:
1417:
2359:
1728:
Die Blüte der heiligen Dichtkunst im deutschen Mittelalter ist vielleicht »Barlaam und Josaphat«...
1409:
1390:
1180:
1061:
948:
846:
Nonetheless, many modern scholars do not accept this attribution, citing much evidence pointing to
437:
411:
407:
278:
86:
2135:
Barlaam and Ioasaph, p. xi-xiv Loeb Classical Library, 1962, trans. G.R Woodward and H. Mattingly
69:, Barlaam of India, Joasaph of India. End of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries. From the
1986:
1949:
1908:
1507:
1443:
1209:
1078:
847:
762:
429:
342:
298:
195:
107:
2345:
1629:"The Life of the Saint and the Animal: Asian Religious Influence in the Medieval Christian West"
1389:. This Old Norwegian version is based on a Latin translation from the 12th century; the saga of
1250:
Xivot Sga Giosafata obrachien od Barlaama s yednim verscem nadostavglien radi xena bitti osudyen
459:
In the 16th century, the story of Josaphat was re-told as a defence of monastic life during the
2315:
1606:
2248:
2221:
2187:
2125:
Barlaam and Ioasaph, John Damascene, Loeb Classical Library 34, Introduction by David M. Lang
1972:
1941:
1894:
1769:
1708:
1429:
1350:
1336:
1322:
1281:
1267:
1188:
1003:
991:
855:
811:
738:
707:
598:
565:
553:
445:
334:
2270:"Kringla Heimsins: Old Norse Sagas, World Literature and the Global Turn in Medieval Studies"
1212:
and was transcribed to a codex from an earlier source in the 17th century, while the younger
2147:
2124:
1886:
1640:
1555:
1176:
1172:
839:
831:
362:
17:
2095:
1628:
1589:
1523:
965:
896:
883:
753:
613:
320:
250:
222:
188:
134:
100:
1428:. Oslo: Published for Kjeldeskriftfondet by Norsk historisk kjeldeskrift-insitutt, 1981.
696:), which was itself derived from the Arabic version of the legend where he is named King
1447:
2055:
1517:
871:
803:
749:
648:
525:
496:
472:
453:
449:
383:
361:. The Greek legend of "Barlaam and Ioasaph" is sometimes attributed to the 8th century
354:
350:
346:
254:
2307:
2374:
2024:
1929:
1707:. Penguin classics. Translated by Latham, R. E. Harmondsworth: Penguin. p. 257.
1582:
1439:
1403:
1382:
1298:
1240:
830:, and, although anonymous, attributed to "John the monk". It was first attributed to
378:
1731:
1559:
1302:
1025:
Historia, de vitis et rebvs gestis SS. Barlaam Eremitae, & Iosaphat Indiæ regis.
2070:
1449:
Barlaams ok Josaphats saga: En religiös romantisk fortælling om Barlaam og Josaphat
1040:
Historia, de vitis et rebvs gestis SS. Barlaam Eremitæ, & Iosaphat Indiæ regis.
742:
706:). According to I.V. Abuladze, during borrowing from Arabic to Georgian, misplaced
294:
262:
261:(and thus before Christianity). Their story tells of the conversion of Josaphat to
2088:
2181:
834:
in the 12th century. Although this attribution was attacked in the 19th century,
2365:
Barlaam and Josaphat narrative in the Arabic, Georgian, Greek, Latin, and French
2159:
1398:
976:
924:
901:
863:
827:
580:
512:
460:
387:
373:
2367:
at Medieval Literature Across Languages from the Centre for Medieval Literature
2269:
1749:
2351:
2047:
1890:
1808:
1235:
1205:
807:
741:
with a joint feast day on 27 November, however, they were not included in the
468:
422:
418:
316:
302:
1945:
1773:
425:) and St. Josaphat, apparently unaware of the origins of the Josaphat story.
1969:
In search of the Christian Buddha: how an Asian sage became a medieval saint
1879:"Buddha in Disguise: Problems in the Transmission of »Barlaam and Josaphat«"
1378:
1231:
1213:
464:
174:
2330:
2314:
1644:
1605:
1491:, Ed. by Ayelet Oettinger, Universitat Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 2011 (in Hebrew).
2160:
Pieter W. van der Horst, Utrecht – Review of 2006/2009 Robert Volk edition
2247:. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press. pp. 46–51.
654:
The name of Josaphat's father, King Abenner, derives from the Greek name
643:
632:
508:
312:
309:
306:
1204:
Three Croatian versions exist, all translations from Italian. The older
1016:
G.R. Woodward and H. Mattingly – older English translation of the Greek
483:
1184:
638:
395:
327:
1266:. Zagreb: Published for Zorka Zane by Dora Krupićeva, 1996 (Reprint).
1317:. Edited from MS Peterhouse 257. London; New York: Published for the
1217:
894:. The book contains a tale similar to The Three Caskets found in the
815:
622:
382:, and a scene there involving three caskets eventually appeared, via
882:
Among the manuscripts in English, two of the most important are the
234:
2355:
1756:[Story of the two soldiers of Christ, Barlaan and Josafat]
1665:"St. Euthymius of Athos the translator", Orthodox Church in America
1361:
The story of Barlaam and Joasaph : Buddhism & Christianity
664:), although another Greek version of the legend gives this name as
799:
789:
482:
272:
258:
233:
150:
47:
1017:
931:– English translation (1888) based on the Halle Arabic manuscript
1527:, Spanish play incorporating the theme of the imprisoned prince
1032:
Vitæ et res gestæ SS. Barlaam eremitæ, et Iosaphat Indiæ regis.
767:), and into liturgical calendar of the Slavic tradition of the
1452:. Christiania: Christiania, Trykt paa Feilberg & Landmark.
1058:
Reading Medieval Latin with the Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat
737:
Barlaam and Josaphat were included in earlier editions of the
491:
According to the legend, King Abenner in India persecuted the
1280:. Zagreb: Published for Igor Zidić by Matica hrvatska, 2013.
669:
659:
617:
578:) in Greece in the 11th century, and then was assimilated to
573:
410:(Mirror of History) by the 13th century French encyclopedist
369:
argued it was transcribed by Euthymius in the 11th century.
966:
The Balavariani (Georgian and Arabic ბალავარიანი, بلوریانی)
1883:
Acteurs des transferts culturels en Méditerranée médiévale
1413:
as its main source. The early sixteenth-century Icelandic
1187:
from the 9th-11th centuries, and in modern Serbian by Ava
631:
has historically been thought to derive from the Sanskrit
238:
A Christian depiction of Josaphat, 12th century manuscript
1752:
Historia de los dos soldados de Cristo, Barlaan y Josafat
1675:
William Cantwell Smith, "Towards a World Theology" (1981)
1633:
The Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture
724:- was omitted. The origin of the Arabic name is unclear.
349:, some time before he died in an accident while visiting
980:
First page of the Barlam and Josephat manuscript at the
357:
in 1048 and soon became well known in Western Europe as
353:
in 1028. There the Greek adaptation was translated into
277:
Depiction of a parable from Barlaam and Josaphat at the
1934:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
790:
507:
In this context, the name Josaphat is derived from the
2244:
The legends of the saints in Old Norse-Icelandic prose
2150:, Loeb Classical Library 34, at LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY
1599:
1597:
691:
607:
558:
544:
in an 8th-century Arabic document (Arabic initial "b"
372:
The story of Barlaam and Josaphat was popular in the
1583:
The Golden Legend: The Story of Barlaam and Josaphat
1578:
1576:
1315:
Barlam and Iosaphat: a Middle English life of Buddha
674:). These Greek names were adapted from the Georgian
538:
530:
518:
1238:one used an earlier Italian version as well as the
1018:
Online Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 1914
886:MS Egerton 876 (the basis for Ikegami's book) and
305:. The tale derives from a second to fourth century
194:
180:
173:
148:
106:
92:
82:
77:
45:
568:in the 10th century, and that name was adapted as
341:dating back to the 10th century. A Georgian monk,
257:, who historically lived several centuries before
2056:Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἰωάσαφ γιὸς τοῦ βασιλιὰ τῆς Ἰνδίας Ἄβενιρ
1463:Rgya Tch'er Rol Pa – ou: Développement des jeux,
1234:translations had a common source while the older
962:– the short Georgian version Jerusalem MS36, 1960
214:19 November (Orthodox Church in Slavic tradition)
126:19 November (Orthodox Church in Slavic tradition)
1798:
1796:
1794:
1762:Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios Latinos
1144:G.B. Bottari, edition of various old Italian MS.
1105:Zotenberg and Meyer, after Gui de Cambrai MS1153
938:– French translation of Bombay Arabic manuscript
253:. Their life story was based on the life of the
1420:includes a version translated from Low German.
1060:, ed. by Donka D. Marcus (2018) (an edition of
953:The Balavariani: A Tale from the Christian East
2216:. In Pulsiano, Phillip; Wolf, Kirsten (eds.).
1913:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
1768:. Translated by De Arce Solorzeno, Juan: 260.
874:. The 2009 introduction includes an overview.
685:
679:
602:
587:The name Barlaam derives from the Arabic name
386:'s English translation of a Latin version, in
2354:Augsburg, Günther Zainer, ca. 1476. From the
1885:(in French). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
1748:Cañizares Ferriz, Patricia (1 January 2000).
1252:. Venice: Published by Domenico Lovisa, 1708.
1128:Jeanroy, Provençal version, after Heuckenkamp
1125:Ferdinand Heuckenkamp, version in langue d'Oc
168:Barlaam and Joasaph, a 1680 Russian engraving
8:
2186:. Zagreb: Dora Krupićeva. pp. 180–197.
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
1851:
1819:. New York: D. Appleton and Co. p. 420.
1301:in the Kazincy-codex between 1526 and 1541.
701:
592:
432:versions were produced: one, the "Laubacher
326:(Book of Bilawhar and Budhasaf), current in
2207:
2205:
2203:
1255:Josip Karásek and Franjo Fancev (editors).
1038:
1023:
748:Barlaam and Josaphat were entered into the
333:The first Christianized adaptation was the
2356:Rare Book and Special Collections Division
1991:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1401:versions, the older of which draws on the
929:The Book of the King's Son and the Ascetic
162:
145:
59:
42:
1228:National and University Library in Zagreb
1223:Xivot Sga Giosafata obrachien od Barlaama
810:tradition. This book was translated into
528:texts in the 6th or 7th century, then to
2301:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 8
1115:Gerhard Moldenhauer Vida de Barlan MS174
975:
2143:
2141:
1538:
1487:Abraham ben Shemuel Halevi ibn Hasdai,
1477:Avraham ben Shmuel ha-Levi Ibn Hasdai,
1321:by the Oxford University Press, 1986.
1013:Boissonade – older edition of the Greek
1984:
1906:
1834:. Duncan Baird Publishers. p. 24.
2436:Cultural depictions of Gautama Buddha
2308:Barlaam and Ioasaph E-book in English
2218:Medieval Scandinavia: An encyclopedia
2111:Venerable Joasaph the Prince of India
1131:Nelli, Troubadours, after Heuckenkamp
71:Cathedral of Saint Sophia in Novgorod
7:
2014:(2). St. Andrew's University: 45–57.
1954:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.164.2.0527
1732:Die romantische Schule (Erstes Buch)
1616:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
890:(the basis for Hirsh's book) at the
2148:Barlaam and Ioasaph, John Damascene
2100:Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
1877:Forster, Regula (24 October 2013).
1276:Vesna Badurina Stipčević (editor).
1208:untitled version originated in the
702:
593:
516:. The Sanskrit word was changed to
2025:Martyrologium Romanum 27 Novembris
1847:Les Parthes et la Route de la soie
1393:records that it was translated by
1102:Leonard Mills, after Vatican MS660
1099:(Namur, 1949–52) after Tours MS949
866:and not John the Damascene of the
297:and later version of the story of
25:
2220:. New York: Garland. p. 36.
2060:26 Αυγούστου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
1604:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1503:Gautama Buddha in world religions
752:liturgical calendar on 26 August
376:, appearing in such works as the
1817:A History of Sanskrit Literature
1813:Sanskrit Literature and the West
1807:
2421:Literature of Georgia (country)
1560:10.1163/2467-9666_enbo_COM_2008
1552:Encyclopedia of Buddhism Online
1467:(1811–1894) 1847. Lalitavistara
1097:Le roman de Barlaam et Josaphat
936:Le livre de Bilawhar et Budasaf
850:, a Georgian who died in 1028.
1278:Hrvatska srednjovjekovna proza
1171:"Barlaam and Josaphat" in the
1147:Georg Maas, old Italian MS3383
712:resulted in the misreading of
1:
2391:4th-century Christian martyrs
1967:Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2014).
1407:, while the younger uses the
1335:, New York: AMS Press, 1999.
1226:and is currently held in the
1179:, copied and translated into
982:Biblioteca Nacional de España
556:in handwriting). This became
493:Christian Church in his realm
2332:"Barlaam and Josaphat"
2316:"Barlaam and Josaphat"
2214:"Barlaams ok Josaphats saga"
2071:"Αιώνια Ορθόδοξο ημερολόγιο"
1830:Trainor, Kevin, ed. (2001).
1607:"Barlaam and Josaphat"
1385:) rendering of the story of
1248:Petar Maçukat (translator).
1064:'s shortened, Latin version)
623:
345:, translated the story into
2396:Groups of Christian martyrs
1893:(inactive 18 August 2024).
1845:Choisnel, Emmanuel (2004).
692:
608:
559:
539:
531:
18:Barlaam and Josaphat (book)
2467:
2386:Medieval Arabic literature
2075:Αιώνια Ορθόδοξο ημερολόγιο
1849:(in French). p. 202.
1426:Barlaams ok Josaphats saga
1395:King Haakon III Sverresson
1359:MacDonald, K.S. (editor).
1319:Early English Text Society
720:, after which the initial
670:
660:
618:
574:
324:Kitāb Bilawhar wa-Būd̠āsaf
29:
27:Legendary Christian saints
2406:Buddhism and Christianity
2268:Phelpstead, Carl (2022).
2008:Journal of Human Sciences
1891:10.1524/9783486989342.180
1804:Macdonnel, Arthur Anthony
1705:The travels of Marco Polo
1513:Buddhism and Christianity
1374:Barlaams saga ok Jósafats
1313:Hirsh, John C. (editor).
1262:Branimir Donat (editor).
836:George Ratcliffe Woodward
686:
680:
603:
549:
545:
161:
65:Fragment of an icon: St.
58:
2295:Asmussen, J. P. (1988).
2115:OCA – Feasts and Saints.
2037:estime pour sa part ..."
1928:Degener, Almuth (2014).
1588:16 December 2006 at the
1479:Ben hammelekh vehannazir
1465:Philippe Édouard Foucaux
1424:Magnus Rindal (editor).
868:monastery of Saint Sabas
404:La vie de seint Josaphaz
2441:Saint Thomas Christians
2431:Legendary Indian people
2416:10th-century literature
2411:Indian Christian saints
2338:Encyclopædia Britannica
2212:Rindal, Magnus (1993).
2180:Karásek, Josip (1996).
1734:at heinrich-heine.net.
1627:Wilson, Joseph (2009).
892:University of Cambridge
860:Euthymius the Hagiorite
769:Eastern Orthodox Church
647:through a hypothetical
548: changed to "y"
519:
185:Eastern Orthodox Church
97:Eastern Orthodox Church
2348:in Jewish Encyclopedia
2341:(11th ed.). 1911.
2241:Wolf, Kirsten (2013).
2089:November 19/December 2
1852:
1645:10.1558/jsrnc.v3i2.169
1548:"Barlaam and Josaphat"
1489:Ben hamelekh vehanazir
1054:Codex VIII B10, Naples
1039:
1024:
985:
984:, 14th or 15th century
907:The Merchant of Venice
795:
488:
461:Protestant Reformation
392:The Merchant of Venice
282:
239:
67:Athanasius of Athonite
2451:Christianity in India
2322:Catholic Encyclopedia
2310:The Project Gutenberg
1613:Catholic Encyclopedia
1297:Translation from the
1157:Hilário da Lourinhã.
1037:S. Ioannis Damasceni
1022:S. Ioannis Damasceni
979:
958:David Marshall Lang:
793:
684:; later shortened to
486:
276:
247:Bilawhar and Budhasaf
237:
205:Greek Orthodox Church
117:Greek Orthodox Church
2401:Byzantine literature
2352:Barlaam et Josaphat.
2346:Barlaam and Josaphat
2297:"BARLAAM AND IOSAPH"
2094:1 March 2014 at the
1930:"Barlaam the Priest"
1730:See Heinrich Heine,
1703:Polo, Marco (1958).
1533:Notes and references
1387:Barlaam and Josaphat
554:duplication of a dot
471:doctrines regarding
442:Barlaam und Josaphat
359:Barlaam and Josaphat
287:Barlaam and Josaphat
243:Barlaam and Josaphat
30:For other uses, see
2360:Library of Congress
1410:Speculum historiale
1347:Barlaam and Ioasaph
1220:in 1708 and titled
1193:Nikolaj Velimirović
1181:Old Church Slavonic
1175:version comes from
1075:Baralâm and Yĕwâsĕf
1062:Jacobus de Voragine
949:David Marshall Lang
878:English manuscripts
597:) borrowed through
438:Otto II of Freising
412:Vincent of Beauvais
408:Speculum Historiale
279:Baptistery of Parma
2183:Dubrovačke legende
1546:Levine, Nathan H.
1508:Thomas the Apostle
1264:Dubrovačke legende
1257:Dubrovačke legende
1210:Republic of Ragusa
1183:by anonymous monk-
1079:Budge, E.A. Wallis
986:
960:Wisdom of Balahvar
862:(ca. 955–1028) at
848:Euthymius of Athos
796:
489:
430:Middle High German
343:Euthymius of Athos
319:version, then the
299:Siddhartha Gautama
283:
240:
2254:978-1-4426-4621-6
1978:978-0-393-08915-8
1900:978-3-486-98934-2
1714:978-0-14-044057-7
1286:978-953-150-319-8
1008:978-3-11-018134-0
996:978-3-11-019462-3
888:MS Peterhouse 257
856:Abbey of Scheyern
822:Greek manuscripts
771:, on 19 November
739:Roman Martyrology
581:Iosaphat/Josaphat
495:, founded by the
301:, who became the
232:
231:
181:Venerated in
144:
143:
93:Venerated in
53:Josaphat of India
16:(Redirected from
2458:
2381:Greek literature
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
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1566:
1543:
1453:
1391:Guðmundur Arason
1345:John Damascene,
1331:Ikegami, Keiko.
1177:John of Damascus
1173:Eastern Orthodox
1042:
1027:
840:Harold Mattingly
832:John of Damascus
705:
704:
695:
689:
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522:
363:John of Damascus
251:Christian saints
245:, also known as
166:
156:Barlaam of India
146:
63:
43:
21:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
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2446:Indian folklore
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2194:
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2178:
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2096:Wayback Machine
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2068:
2064:
2050:
2045:
2041:
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2031:
2023:
2019:
2005:
2004:
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1983:
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1965:
1961:
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1524:Life is a Dream
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1134:Occitan, BN1049
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1112:
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974:
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897:Gesta Romanorum
884:British Library
880:
824:
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614:Byzantine Greek
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481:
367:F. C. Conybeare
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228:
223:Catholic Church
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169:
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135:Catholic Church
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101:Catholic Church
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50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2369:
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2362:
2349:
2343:
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2305:
2303:. p. 801.
2290:
2289:External links
2287:
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1940:(2): 527–530.
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1754:(Madrid 1608)"
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1383:Old Norwegian
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900:and later in
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448:in verse, by
447:
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440:and another,
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436:", by Bishop
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2048:Synaxaristes
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1971:. New York.
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1777:. Retrieved
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1648:. Retrieved
1636:
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1563:. Retrieved
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1444:Unger, C. R.
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398:produced an
394:". The poet
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315:text, via a
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263:Christianity
246:
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241:
40:
2426:Saints duos
2077:(in Greek).
1779:21 February
1736:(in German)
1399:Old Swedish
925:E. Rehatsek
902:Shakespeare
864:Mount Athos
760:8 September
552: by
513:bodhisattva
417:One of the
388:Shakespeare
374:Middle Ages
339:Balavariani
203:26 August (
115:26 August (
2375:Categories
2051:(in Greek)
1440:Keyser, R.
1236:Shtokavian
1206:Shtokavian
1152:Portuguese
1090:Old French
934:Gimaret –
808:Manichaean
804:the Buddha
777:2 December
733:Feast days
584:in Latin.
469:Protestant
423:the Buddha
419:Marco Polo
317:Manichaean
2280:: 155–78.
2274:Saga-Book
1987:cite book
1946:0341-0137
1909:cite book
1806:(1900). "
1774:1988-2343
1554:. Brill.
1415:legendary
1379:Old Norse
1368:Old Norse
1292:Hungarian
1232:Chakavian
1214:Chakavian
1120:Provençal
780:Gregorian
764:Gregorian
728:Sainthood
718:Habeneser
594:بِلَوْهَر
465:free will
402:version,
175:Hieromonk
2092:Archived
1832:Buddhism
1586:Archived
1565:27 April
1496:See also
1446:(1851).
1200:Croatian
1069:Ethiopic
943:Georgian
914:Editions
812:Georgian
714:Junaysar
703:جُنَيسَر
698:Junaysar
681:აბენესერ
676:Abeneser
644:purohita
634:bhagavan
629:Bilawhar
609:Balahvar
604:ბალაჰვარ
599:Georgian
589:Bilawhar
566:Georgian
560:Iodasaph
540:Yūdhasaf
532:Būdhasaf
509:Sanskrit
467:against
335:Georgian
313:Buddhist
310:Mahayana
307:Sanskrit
36:Josaphat
2358:at the
2325:. 1913.
1650:30 July
1458:Tibetan
1308:English
1185:scribes
1166:Serbian
1139:Italian
1110:Catalan
870:in the
661:Ἀβεννήρ
656:Abenner
639:epithet
624:Barlaám
619:Βαρλαάμ
612:) into
570:Ioasaph
520:Bodisav
463:and of
446:romance
434:Barlaam
396:Chardri
328:Baghdad
291:Joasaph
281:, Italy
269:History
32:Barlaam
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2046:Great
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1897:
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1377:is an
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1044:Greek.
1006:
994:
919:Arabic
816:Arabic
773:Julian
755:Julian
693:Abenes
687:აბენეს
671:Ἄβενιρ
666:Avenir
575:Ἰωάσαφ
479:Legend
384:Caxton
365:, but
321:Arabic
303:Buddha
249:, are
78:Prince
1950:JSTOR
1758:(PDF)
1049:Latin
972:Greek
828:Greek
800:India
786:Texts
709:i'jām
637:, an
503:Names
355:Latin
347:Greek
337:epic
293:is a
259:Jesus
196:Feast
151:Saint
108:Feast
87:India
48:Saint
2249:ISBN
2222:ISBN
2188:ISBN
1993:link
1973:ISBN
1942:ISSN
1915:link
1895:ISBN
1815:.".
1781:2021
1770:ISSN
1750:"La
1709:ISBN
1652:2020
1567:2022
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1337:ISBN
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1282:ISBN
1268:ISBN
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992:ISBN
838:and
814:and
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