453:
1663:
295:, when Barquq held considerable influence in the Mamluk state, he brought his father to Egypt in March 1381. His father, originally a Christian, converted to Islam, adopted the name Anas and became the first father of a first-generation mamluk to be mentioned by the Mamluk era sources because of his Muslim faith; the fathers of first generation mamluks were typically non-Muslims. Anas was promoted to the rank of emir of one hundred (the highest Mamluk military rank) and was known for his piety, kindness and charitable acts. He died ten months after his arrival to Egypt.
343:
1656:
29:
283:, presumably after a battle, and sold to a bathhouse in Crimea. According to one narration, while trying to escape and secretly go to Constantinople, he was attacked by Bulgarian bandits and sold to Egypt, while according to another narration he was directly brought from Crimea to Egypt. In Egypt, he became a mamluk in the household of
572:
on 1 September 1401, and later Muqbil ar-Rumi. She died in 1409–10 on the road to
Damascus. Another daughter, Khawand Bairam married Amir Inal Bay ibn Qijmas on 15 September 1401, then Baighut, and then Asanbugha Zarkadash. She died of plague in 1416. Another daughter, Khawand Zaynab, born of a Greek
517:
Barquq's first wife was the daughter of Amir
Tashtimur. They married on 17 April 1380, before his accession to the throne. In 1384, he married Khawand Fatima, the daughter of Amir Manjak al-Yusufi. On 12 February 1386, he married Sitti Hajar, the daughter of Amir Menglibogha as-Shamsi and Khwand
262:
to claim the throne for himself. Once in power, he placed many of his family members in positions of power. Rebelling governors in 1389 restored Hajji to the throne but Barquq was able to reclaim the throne shortly after and ruled until his death in 1399 and was succeeded by his
444:. Meanwhile, the two governors restored Hajji to the throne, who now took the reign name al-Mansur. Fighting developed among the Mamluk factions in Cairo, and Barquq's supporters overcame the rebels. Barquq returned to Cairo in February 1390.
552:
Another wife was
Khawand Hajj Malak. She descended from elite Turkish origins. Her father was either Ibn Qara or a royal mamluk named Muqbil. After Barquq's death she married Taghribirdi, the father of 15th century historian
419:
threatened to overthrow Barquq, though the conspiracy was discovered before any agitators could mobilize. The year 1389 saw the revolt of two Mamluk governors from the northern end of the empire, Mintash, governor of
325:
Barquq was a member of the faction behind the throne, serving in various powerful capacities in the court of the boy sultans. He consolidated his power until in
November 1382 when he was able to depose sultan
307:. However, none of them were strong enough to exert effective control. Many of the rulers were minors at the time of their accession, and would act as puppets for one or another competing Mamluk faction.
374:. It is one of the three dominant Islamic monuments clustered on the street Bayn al-Qasrayn in Fatimid Cairo. Although often called the Mausoleum of Barquq, only his daughter is buried there.
1662:
452:
482:
During Barquq's second reign he succeeded in replacing almost all governors and senior officials with members of his own household. Barquq became an enemy of the Turkic warlord
1655:
549:. She died in 1432. One of Barquq's wives was Khawand Baraka. She was a free-born Syrian, and gave birth to Barquq's third son, Ibrahim. Another concubine was Sul, a singer.
545:. She died in 1399–1400, and was buried in the madrasa of Barquq at Bayn al-Qasrayn. Another concubine was Qunnuq-Bey. She was Turkish and gave birth to Barquq's second son,
1605:
358:
Barquq placed many of his own family in positions of power to the detriment of fellow
Mamluks, attempting to solidify his position. He sponsored the construction of the
585:
Sultan Barquq's reign was also marked by trade with other contemporaneous polities. Excavations in the late 1800s and early 1900s in modern-day northwestern
963:
Morgenstern, M.; Tietz, C.; Boudignon, C.; Anteby-Yemini, L.; Balog, P.Y.; Chaumont, É.; Frenkel, Y.; Frenkel, M.; Giorda, M.C.C.; Großhans, H.P. (2011).
1159:
469:
1598:
1487:
1352:
1130:
1102:
1043:
Banister, Mustafa (2020-10-23). "Princesses Born to
Concubines: A First Visit to the Women of the Abbasid Household in Late Medieval Cairo".
974:
911:
869:
2029:
541:. They married on 11 February 1394. One of Barquq's concubines was Khawand Shirin. She was a Greek, and gave birth to Barquq's eldest son,
522:. With her, he had a daughter, Khawand Bairam. She died on 2 April 1430. In 1391, he married the daughter of Amir Ali bin Esendemir, the
1799:
1932:
1502:
1811:
1510:
1276:
315:
292:
314:, who had ruled in his own stead since 1366, was overthrown and killed. The rebelling Mamluks replaced him on the throne with his
1763:
1591:
589:
unearthed, among other things, coins identified as having been derived from Barquq. All of the pieces had been struck in either
1757:
465:
359:
34:
1330:
Idem in
English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.
2039:
1962:
1920:
476:
934:
557:, and gave birth to his daughter Aisha also known as Shaqra. After his death, she married the Abbasid prince Yaqub bin
502:
342:
2014:
1908:
2034:
1986:
1896:
1618:
1311:
966:
männlich und weiblich schuf Er sie: Studien zur
Genderkonstruktion und zum Eherecht in den Mittelmeerreligionen
506:
243:
618:
2024:
1938:
1872:
1860:
1614:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1336:
1315:
749:
546:
177:
42:
1465:
1461:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
728:
724:
720:
330:
and claim the sultanate for himself. He took the reign name al-Zahir, perhaps in imitation of the sultan
280:
1878:
574:
2019:
1805:
623:
534:
519:
311:
1968:
1769:
538:
429:
1974:
1944:
1914:
1745:
1575:
1068:
1019:
498:
28:
817:
1890:
1884:
1775:
1739:
1727:
1709:
1506:
1483:
1348:
1299:
1126:
1098:
1060:
970:
964:
907:
901:
865:
708:
693:
681:
665:
457:
304:
284:
164:
1189:
1926:
1715:
1703:
1291:
1257:
1052:
1009:
997:
562:
288:
1751:
1685:
1362:
558:
554:
400:
214:
1245:
526:
of Syria, and the same year he married the daughter of Ash-Shahabi Ahmad bin at-Tuluni.
1866:
1854:
1842:
1817:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1558:
1548:
1531:
1366:
602:
598:
568:
One of his daughters, Khawand Sara, born of a concubine, married Nawruz al-Hafizi, the
542:
491:
347:
327:
319:
264:
259:
172:
98:
88:
70:
60:
2008:
1828:
1671:
1638:
1565:
1538:
1072:
1023:
416:
239:
1992:
1473:
1453:
669:
530:
393:
351:
247:
139:
490:
in 1393, and his intention to invade Syria. Hence, he joined an alliance with the
1477:
1980:
654:
Berkuk
Devrinde Memlûk Sultanlığı (XIV. yüzyıl Mısır tarihine dair araştırmalar)
276:
233:
202:
403:
was founded in the first year of his first reign, though it was founded by his
1950:
1733:
1324:
1295:
1056:
862:
Mamluk Cairo, a
Crossroads for Embassies: Studies on Diplomacy and Diplomatics
1303:
1064:
903:
Developing Perspectives in Mamluk History: Essays in Honor of Amalia Levanoni
1344:
942:
251:
1123:
The Chronicles and Annalistic Sources of the Early Mamluk Circassian Period
1014:
461:
366:. Completed in 1386, it was a pious foundation designed to serve as both a
1583:
1317:
Cairo, Jerusalem, and Damascus: three chief cities of the Egyptian sultans
1691:
594:
441:
440:. Barquq attempted to escape, but was captured and sent to the castle of
371:
1341:
The Age of the Crusades: the Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517
1956:
1902:
1697:
1679:
586:
487:
421:
386:
367:
331:
1261:
768:, Vol. III, Ed. Roland Oliver, (Cambridge University Press, 2001), 54.
1160:"Family Matters: The Family-In-Law Impulse in Mamluk Marriage Policy"
606:
473:
425:
236:
229:
303:
Since 1341, the Mamluk empire had been ruled by the descendants of
1721:
1644:
1632:
1277:"Memlûk Sarayında Tek Eşlilik ve Çok Eşlilik Üzerine Bir İnceleme"
590:
483:
451:
437:
433:
382:
378:
363:
341:
255:
998:"Burcî Memlükleri Döneminde Cariyeler ve Aile Hayatında Etkileri"
267:. The name Barquq is of Circassian origin and is his birth name.
404:
397:
1587:
1327:, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997.
1125:. Islamic History and Civilization. Brill. pp. 424–25.
16:
Sultan of Egypt and Syria from 1382 to 1389 and 1390 to 1399
1188:
University of Ghana, Institute of African Studies (1966).
840:
838:
1458:
The Mameluke; or, Slave dynasty of Egypt, 1260-1517, A. D
1290:(43). The Journal of International Social Research: 556.
472:
Collection of Mamluk Qur'an Manuscripts inscribed in the
935:"Women, Architecture and Representation in Mamluk Cairo"
906:. Islamic History and Civilization. Brill. p. 165.
864:. Islamic History and Civilization. Brill. p. 366.
766:
The Cambridge history of Africa: From c. 1600 to c. 1790
1229:, Volume 87, (Royal Geographical Society: 1936), p.301.
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
597:. Most of these finds are associated with the medieval
969:(in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 244.
497:
Barquq died in June 1399 and was succeeded by his son
346:
Mamluk Barquq copper fals Damascus 1382 1389, in the
246:
ruling from 1382 to 1389 and 1390 to 1399. Born to a
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1827:
1670:
1625:
318:. When that puppet sultan died, he was replaced by
198:
163:
126:
118:
108:
104:
94:
84:
76:
66:
56:
48:
41:
21:
895:
893:
1479:Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, H-I
1002:Atatürk Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi
609:for preservation shortly after their discovery.
1499:Islamic Monuments in Cairo: the Practical Guide
1116:
1114:
703:
701:
1599:
849:. University of California Press. p. 11.
8:
1225:Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain),
996:Ekinci, Abdullah; Yavuz, Esra (2021-06-29).
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
254:, Barquq was enslaved and later arrived in
1606:
1592:
1584:
1520:
845:Taghrībirdī, A.M.Y.I.; Popper, W. (1960).
27:
18:
1216:, Volume 13, (McGraw-Hill: 1959), p.xcii.
1158:D'hulster, Kristof; Steenbergen, Jo Van.
1093:Taġrībirdī, A.M.Y.I.; Popper, W. (1976).
1013:
811:
809:
807:
1284:Journal of International Social Research
287:in approximately 1363–64 (or 764 on the
634:
310:This happened in 1377, when the sultan
424:, and Yalbogha al-Nasiri, governor of
1145:
884:
798:
786:
211:Al-Malik Az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq
7:
561:and gave birth to the future caliph
1320:. New York, Dodd, Mead and company.
1246:"Memlûkler'de Evlilik Hazırlıkları"
377:Barquq ended the public holiday in
218:
1503:American University in Cairo Press
1371:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14:
1275:Yiğit, Fatma Akkuş (2016-04-20).
1244:Yiğit, Fatma Akkuş (2015-06-01).
860:Bauden, F.; Dekkiche, M. (2019).
468:. This manuscript is part of the
1734:Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir
1661:
1654:
1095:History of Egypt, 1382-1469 A.D
847:History of Egypt, 1382-1469 A.D
464:commissioned by Barquq for his
360:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Barquq
35:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Barquq
1764:Imad al-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il
291:). During the reign of Sultan
1:
222:
1368:Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey
1191:Research review, Volumes 3-4
941:. p. 85. Archived from
818:"The Qalawunids: A Pedigree"
477:Memory of the World Register
219:الملك الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق
2030:14th-century Mamluk sultans
1497:Williams, Caroline (2002).
1212:Bernard Samuel Myers, ed.,
1194:. The Institute. p. 67
933:Karam, Amina (2019-05-22).
739:Williams, 2002, pp. 170-172
518:Fatima, daughter of Sultan
470:National Library of Egypt's
2056:
1909:Al-Aziz Jamal al-Din Yusuf
1097:. AMS Press. p. 172.
573:concubine, married Sultan
486:after Timur's invasion of
1652:
1572:
1563:
1555:
1545:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1460:. Smith, Elder. pp.
1296:10.17719/jisr.20164317631
1214:Encyclopedia of World Art
1057:10.1163/15692086-bja10009
428:(not to be confused with
122:20 June 1399 (aged c. 63)
43:Sultan of Egypt and Syria
26:
1897:Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad
1227:The Geographical Journal
601:. They were sent to the
503:mausoleum built by Faraj
448:Second reign (1390–1399)
900:Ben-Bassat, Y. (2017).
823:. University of Chicago
748:Margoliouth, 1907, pp.
619:List of rulers of Egypt
407:, Djaharks el-Khalili.
338:First reign (1382–1389)
1939:Sayf al-Din Khushqadam
1861:Izz al-Din Abd al-Aziz
1566:Mamluk Sultan of Egypt
1539:Mamluk Sultan of Egypt
1482:. Vol. 5. BRILL.
1164:Annales Islamologiques
1015:10.51621/atakad.807533
652:Tekindağ, Şehabeddin.
547:Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz
479:
355:
178:Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz
1800:Salah al-Din Muhammad
1740:Nasir al-Din Muhammad
1728:Nasir al-Din Muhammad
1710:Nasir al-Din Muhammad
501:. He was buried in a
455:
345:
2040:14th-century regents
1981:Sayf al-Din Tumanbay
1957:Sayf al-Din Qa'itbay
1746:Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr
1716:Zayn al-Din Kitbugha
1692:Badr al-Din Salamish
1686:Nasir al-Din Barakah
1121:Massoud, S. (2007).
624:Sayyid Husayn Ahlati
577:. She died in 1423.
565:. She died in 1429.
535:Shaykh Uways Jalayir
436:they marched toward
396:of the famous Cairo
258:. He deposed sultan
1933:Shihab al-Din Ahmad
1921:Fakhr al-Din Uthman
1903:Sayf al-Din Barsbay
1806:Zayn al-Din Sha'ban
1770:Sayf al-Din Sha'ban
1758:Shihab al-Din Ahmad
1704:Salah al-Din Khalil
1698:Sayf al-Din Qalawun
1680:Rukn al-Din Baybars
539:Jalayirid Sultanate
415:Early on, the 1386
320:the younger brother
281:acquired as a slave
1975:Al-Ashraf Janbalat
1945:Sayf al-Din Bilbay
1915:Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq
1879:Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh
1873:Al-Musta'in Billah
1867:Nasir al-Din Faraj
1855:Nasir al-Din Faraj
1849:Sayf al-Din Barquq
1837:Sayf al-Din Barquq
1818:Salah al-Din Hajji
1788:Salah al-Din Salih
1752:Ala'a al-Din Kujuk
1722:Husam al-Din Lajin
816:Bauden, Frédéric.
692:Sharon, 2013, p.
575:Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh
533:, the daughter of
499:Nasir-ad-Din Faraj
480:
432:). After securing
430:Yalbogha al-`Umari
356:
316:seven-year-old son
156:Khawand Hajj Malak
2015:Egyptian nobility
2002:
2001:
1963:An-Nasir Muhammad
1891:Sayf al-Din Tatar
1885:Al-Muzaffar Ahmad
1794:Badr al-Din Hasan
1782:Badr al-Din Hasan
1776:Sayf al-Din Hajji
1645:Sayf al-Din Qutuz
1582:
1581:
1573:Succeeded by
1546:Succeeded by
1489:978-90-04-25097-0
1354:978-1-317-87152-1
1312:Margoliouth, D.S.
1262:10.18345/tm.94303
1250:Türkiyat Mecmuası
1132:978-90-474-1979-2
1104:978-0-404-58813-7
976:978-3-647-54009-2
913:978-90-04-34505-8
871:978-90-04-38463-7
719:Mayer, 1933, pp.
599:Sultanate of Adal
529:Another wife was
520:Al-Ashraf Sha'ban
507:Northern Cemetery
362:in the center of
312:al-Ashraf Sha'ban
305:al-Nasir Muhammad
285:Yalbugha al-Umari
208:
207:
2047:
2035:Regents of Egypt
1987:Qansuh al-Ghawri
1969:Abu Sa'id Qansuh
1927:Sayf al-Din Inal
1812:Ala'a al-Din Ali
1665:
1658:
1633:Izz al-Din Aybak
1608:
1601:
1594:
1585:
1556:Preceded by
1529:Preceded by
1521:
1516:
1493:
1469:
1372:
1358:
1321:
1307:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1051:(4). Brill: 16.
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1017:
993:
987:
986:
984:
983:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
930:
924:
923:
921:
920:
897:
888:
882:
876:
875:
857:
851:
850:
842:
833:
832:
830:
828:
822:
813:
802:
796:
790:
784:
769:
759:
753:
746:
740:
737:
731:
717:
711:
705:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
662:
656:
650:
563:Al-Mutawakkil II
381:celebrating the
332:al-Zahir Baybars
289:Islamic calendar
279:origin, and was
228:) was the first
227:
224:
220:
31:
19:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1823:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1621:
1612:
1578:
1569:
1561:
1551:
1542:
1534:
1519:
1513:
1496:
1490:
1472:
1452:
1361:
1355:
1335:
1310:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1080:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1026:
995:
994:
990:
981:
979:
977:
962:
961:
957:
948:
946:
932:
931:
927:
918:
916:
914:
899:
898:
891:
883:
879:
872:
859:
858:
854:
844:
843:
836:
826:
824:
820:
815:
814:
805:
797:
793:
785:
772:
760:
756:
747:
743:
738:
734:
718:
714:
707:Holt, 2014, p.
706:
699:
691:
687:
680:Holt, 2014, p.
679:
675:
663:
659:
651:
636:
632:
615:
583:
559:al-Mutawakkil I
555:Ibn Taghribirdi
537:, ruler of the
515:
450:
413:
401:Khan El-Khalili
340:
301:
273:
225:
194:
159:
114:Kasa, Circassia
113:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2053:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1843:As-Salih Hajji
1840:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1639:Nur al-Din Ali
1636:
1629:
1627:
1626:Salihi Mamluks
1623:
1622:
1615:Mamluk sultans
1613:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1524:Regnal titles
1518:
1517:
1511:
1494:
1488:
1470:
1450:
1359:
1353:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1322:
1308:
1272:
1256:(1): 331–351.
1252:(in Turkish).
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1218:
1205:
1180:
1150:
1148:, p. 560.
1138:
1131:
1110:
1103:
1078:
1035:
1004:(in Turkish).
988:
975:
955:
925:
912:
889:
887:, p. 334.
877:
870:
852:
834:
803:
801:, p. 338.
791:
789:, p. 559.
770:
764:, Ivan Hrbek,
754:
741:
732:
712:
697:
685:
673:
657:
633:
631:
628:
627:
626:
621:
614:
611:
603:British Museum
582:
579:
543:An-Nasir Faraj
514:
511:
492:Ottoman Empire
449:
446:
412:
409:
348:British Museum
339:
336:
328:al-Salih Hajji
300:
297:
275:Barquq was of
272:
269:
260:al-Salih Hajji
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
193:
192:
191:Khawand Zaynab
189:
188:Khawand Bairam
186:
183:
180:
175:
173:An-Nasir Faraj
169:
167:
161:
160:
158:
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150:Khawand Baraka
148:
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144:Khawand Shirin
142:
137:
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133:Khawand Fatima
130:
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116:
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99:An-Nasir Faraj
96:
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89:As-Salih Hajji
86:
82:
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78:
74:
73:
71:As-Salih Hajji
68:
64:
63:
61:As-Salih Hajji
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
39:
38:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2052:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Burji sultans
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
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1829:Burji dynasty
1826:
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1672:Bahri dynasty
1669:
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1514:
1512:977-424-695-0
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1128:
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1100:
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1021:
1016:
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1007:
1003:
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992:
989:
978:
972:
968:
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956:
945:on 2021-12-18
944:
940:
936:
929:
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909:
905:
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795:
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788:
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742:
736:
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722:
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713:
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704:
702:
698:
695:
689:
686:
683:
677:
674:
671:
668:, p. 290, at
667:
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629:
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536:
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521:
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489:
485:
478:
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471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
447:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
417:Zahiri Revolt
410:
408:
406:
402:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
353:
349:
344:
337:
335:
333:
329:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
299:Rise to power
298:
296:
294:
293:al-Mansur Ali
290:
286:
282:
278:
270:
268:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:Burji dynasty
238:
235:
231:
216:
212:
204:
201:
197:
190:
187:
184:
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176:
174:
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155:
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117:
111:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
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87:
83:
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75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1848:
1836:
1564:
1537:
1498:
1478:
1457:
1367:
1340:
1316:
1287:
1283:
1265:. Retrieved
1253:
1249:
1236:Bibliography
1226:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1190:
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1167:
1163:
1153:
1141:
1122:
1094:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1027:. Retrieved
1008:(1): 33–45.
1005:
1001:
991:
980:. Retrieved
965:
958:
947:. Retrieved
943:the original
939:AUC DAR Home
938:
928:
917:. Retrieved
902:
880:
861:
855:
846:
825:. Retrieved
794:
765:
761:
757:
744:
735:
715:
688:
676:
670:Google Books
664:
660:
653:
584:
569:
567:
551:
531:Tandu Khatun
528:
523:
516:
496:
494:after 1393.
481:
458:frontispiece
456:Illuminated
414:
394:caravanserai
392:The central
391:
376:
357:
352:Fleur-de-lis
324:
309:
302:
274:
210:
209:
185:Khawand Sara
140:Tandu Khatun
77:Second reign
2020:1399 deaths
1995:(1516–1517)
1993:Tumanbay II
1989:(1501–1516)
1977:(1500–1501)
1971:(1498–1500)
1965:(1496–1498)
1959:(1468–1496)
1953:(1467–1468)
1941:(1461–1467)
1929:(1453–1461)
1917:(1438–1453)
1905:(1422–1438)
1899:(1421–1422)
1881:(1412–1421)
1869:(1405–1412)
1857:(1399–1405)
1851:(1390–1399)
1845:(1389–1390)
1839:(1382–1389)
1820:(1381–1382)
1814:(1377–1381)
1808:(1363–1377)
1802:(1361–1363)
1796:(1354–1361)
1790:(1351–1354)
1784:(1347–1351)
1778:(1346–1347)
1772:(1345–1346)
1766:(1342–1345)
1754:(1341–1342)
1742:(1310–1341)
1736:(1309–1310)
1730:(1299–1309)
1724:(1296–1299)
1718:(1294–1296)
1712:(1293–1294)
1706:(1290–1293)
1700:(1279–1290)
1688:(1277–1279)
1682:(1260–1277)
1647:(1259–1260)
1641:(1257–1259)
1635:(1250–1257)
1363:Mayer, L.A.
827:15 December
762:The Mamluks
505:in Cairo's
350:. Note the
226: 1336
203:Sunni Islam
136:Sitti Hajar
85:Predecessor
57:Predecessor
49:First reign
33:Inside the
2009:Categories
1951:Timurbugha
1570:1390–1399
1543:1382–1389
1474:Sharon, M.
1337:Holt, P.M.
1325:Al-Maqrizi
1267:2021-11-26
1174:2021-12-02
1146:Yiğit 2016
1029:2021-11-26
982:2021-11-26
949:2021-12-18
919:2021-11-26
885:Yiğit 2015
799:Yiğit 2015
787:Yiğit 2016
570:amir kabir
277:Circassian
271:Early life
250:father in
234:Circassian
147:Qunnuq-Bey
1345:Routledge
1304:1307-9581
1198:6 October
1073:228994024
1065:1569-2078
1024:234429319
460:from the
385:New Year
252:Circassia
248:Christian
95:Successor
80:1390–1399
67:Successor
52:1382–1389
1559:Hajji II
1549:Hajji II
1532:Hajji II
1476:(2013).
1456:(1896).
1454:Muir, W.
1365:(1933).
1339:(2014).
1314:(1907).
613:See also
595:Damascus
442:al-Karak
199:Religion
1170:: 61–82
587:Somalia
488:Baghdad
466:Complex
422:Malatya
387:Nayrouz
372:madrasa
368:khanqah
232:of the
221:; born
182:Ibrahim
112:c. 1336
1983:(1501)
1947:(1467)
1935:(1461)
1923:(1453)
1911:(1438)
1893:(1421)
1887:(1421)
1875:(1412)
1863:(1405)
1760:(1342)
1748:(1341)
1694:(1279)
1509:
1486:
1397:*f.*,
1351:
1302:
1242:
1129:
1101:
1071:
1063:
1022:
973:
910:
868:
607:London
581:Legacy
513:Family
474:UNESCO
462:Qur'an
426:Aleppo
411:Revolt
383:Coptic
370:and a
237:Mamluk
230:Sultan
215:Arabic
127:Spouse
22:Barquq
1619:Cairo
1576:Faraj
1409:*f*,
1373:(pp.
1280:(PDF)
1069:S2CID
1045:Hawwa
1020:S2CID
821:(PDF)
723:n 2,
630:Notes
591:Cairo
484:Timur
438:Cairo
434:Syria
379:Egypt
364:Cairo
354:motif
256:Egypt
244:Egypt
165:Issue
1507:ISBN
1484:ISBN
1445:ff,
1385:f*,
1377:n,
1349:ISBN
1300:ISSN
1200:2014
1127:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1061:ISSN
971:ISBN
908:ISBN
866:ISBN
829:2021
752:−172
524:naib
405:emir
398:souk
119:Died
109:Born
1617:of
1466:116
1462:105
1447:257
1443:253
1439:247
1435:225
1433:*,
1431:216
1427:200
1423:185
1419:172
1415:147
1411:126
1407:114
1292:doi
1258:doi
1053:doi
1010:doi
750:171
709:128
694:163
682:127
605:in
593:or
265:son
242:of
153:Sul
2011::
1505:.
1501:.
1441:,
1437:,
1429:,
1425:,
1421:,
1417:,
1413:,
1405:,
1403:96
1401:,
1399:92
1395:90
1393:,
1391:69
1389:,
1387:57
1383:35
1381:,
1379:31
1375:29
1347:.
1343:.
1298:.
1286:.
1282:.
1254:25
1248:.
1168:47
1166:.
1162:.
1113:^
1081:^
1067:.
1059:.
1049:20
1047:.
1018:.
1000:.
937:.
892:^
837:^
806:^
773:^
729:24
727:,
725:22
700:^
637:^
509:.
389:.
334:.
322:.
223:c.
217::
1607:e
1600:t
1593:v
1515:.
1492:.
1468:.
1464:−
1449:)
1357:.
1306:.
1294::
1288:9
1270:.
1260::
1202:.
1177:.
1135:.
1107:.
1075:.
1055::
1032:.
1012::
1006:3
985:.
952:.
922:.
874:.
831:.
721:2
213:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
