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thoroughly investigated to ensure that the foundation is strong enough to support the dam and has low possibility of failing. When dams are created, they are given a safety rating depending on the type of dam, location, and the possible effects in case of failure. The ratings are from one to five, five having the highest danger rating. The rating of five would be given to dams built with a town or city downstream, which would have higher possibility of injury to people in the case of dam failure. New designs have been made that are able to sustain greater amounts of water. An improved wedge-shaped block technology was developed by Rafael Moran and Miguel Toledo. The new structure is able to withstand severe
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amount of water upstream and downstream from the dam. This discrepancy has different effects on different species native to the area. While there can be reduced flow downstream, there can also be problems upstream. Dams can have buildup of pressure that fish are not accustomed to, and they migrate further upstream, causing part of the river to have reduced population sizes. Although there are environmental effects that come with building new dams, there are also economic benefits from a dam. Without dams, it would be much harder to farm and grow livestock. The irrigation technology that comes with building a dam can exceed the risk factor.
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downstream from a dam compared to further upstream. Inhibiting the volume of water was shown to be detrimental to species diversity and richness. Also, at the entrance of dams, there are fewer nutrients due to the high-water flow reducing the ecosystem's reproduction standard. Along with species richness, plankton diversity can be an indicator of the ecosystem's ability to handle the newly-built dam. It has been shown that dams can have an effect on the
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of fish, leading to less reproduction. There are many small factors that can have a relatively large effect on the river ecosystems, such as species richness, water volume and nutrient levels. Different experiments have been done that looked into each of these individually and were able to determine
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rivers. Similar distinctions are used in Egypt, where it is noted: "In this system a "dam" is a structure that forms a reservoir for the storage of water during the annual flood period of the Nile in order to supplement the natural flow of the river during the low-water period; a "barrage" merely
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levels near dams have been recorded, and plankton was minimally affected. Other species, however, such as trout, are affected more, due to the physical dam inhibiting their migration and reproduction paths. Barrage dams control the amount of water going through them, leading to differences in the
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surrounding it. To observe the species richness, scientists collect data on the fish and animal populations before and after construction of the dam. With that data, they are able to see how the population size increased or decreased. In some cases, it was found that the species richness was less
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Barrage dams have a series of gates that control the amount of water passing through. A barrage dam can be used to divert water for irrigation needs or limit the amount of water downstream. In most cases, a barrage dam is built near the mouth of the river. The site of dam construction needs to be
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which consists of a number of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through. This allows the structure to regulate and stabilize river water elevation upstream for use in irrigation and other systems. The gates are set between flanking piers which are
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raises the river or canal level, when necessary, to the height required for adequate flow into the canals that take off above it. Barrages are usually larger than the
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why some dams cause such effects. While there is substantial evidence, including case studies, that points to dam construction having
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253:, both completed in 1902). Since the British in the Egyptian Public Works Department kept close relations to their counterparts in
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made its way to present-day India and
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352:"Design and Construction of the Barriga Dam Spillway Through an Improved Wedge-Shaped Block Technology"
390:"Impact of the Low Head Dam/Barrage on Fisheries – A Case Study of Giri River of Yamuna Basin (India)"
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and Eugène Mougel employed by the
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of irrigation and navigation canals, with which they are associated.
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branches north of Cairo, built between 1833 and 1862 by the French
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responsible for supporting the water load of the pool created.
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Transylvanian Review of
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is usually measured to determine the effect of a dam on the
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and uses less materials, reducing the production cost.
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and with the blessing of the
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311:Oxford Dictionaries | English
350:Moran, Toledo, R, M (2014).
388:Jeeva, V; Kumar, S (2015).
235:Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin
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328:Wiltshire, R.L. (2002).
179:World Commission on Dams
32:Barrage (disambiguation)
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317:on September 29, 2016.
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27:Type of dam
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213:Etymology
192:headworks
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69:Gajoldoba
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479:27 April
364:cite web
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142:and the
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77:India
481:2011
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