652:
262:
642:, Brazil. Most nests are in tree cavities, either natural or excavated by parrots, and between 10 and 50 m (35 and 165 ft) above the ground. Others have been noted in abandoned trogon nest cavities in arboreal termite nests, on cliffs, and on pre-Columbian ruins. The clutch size is two to four eggs. The incubation period is thought to be about 30 days, fledging occurs about 35 to 40 days after hatch, and young are dependent on the parents for at least 12 weeks after fledging. Both sexes incubate the eggs with the female doing at least 75% of the effort and in some areas all of it. Males provide food for incubating females and also most of the food for nestlings.
40:
84:
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59:
455:. Their throat, upper breast, and sides of the neck are white to buff, sometimes with some cinnamon; the rest of their breast is black with fine white bars. Their belly, thighs, and undertail coverts are chestnut-rufous. Their tail is blackish with thin white or grayish bars and a white or buff tip. The underside of their wings is black with fine white bars. Their
629:. In most areas vertebrates contribute the most to biomass consumed, varying from 66% to 96% in various studies, and birds made up between 32% and 85% of the vertebrates. Invertebrates dominate numerically, and young are fed large numbers of them. Bats generally contribute less than 14% of prey biomass but some pairs seem to specialize in them.
700:
has assessed the bat falcon as being of Least
Concern. It has an extremely large range and an estimated population of at least a half million mature individuals, though the latter is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is "idespread and generally not uncommon in
450:
The bat falcon is 23 to 30 cm (9.1 to 12 in) long. Males weigh 108 to 150 g (3.8 to 5.3 oz) and have a wingspan of 51 to 58 cm (20 to 23 in). Females weigh 177 to 242 g (6.2 to 8.5 oz) and have a wingspan of 65 to 67 cm (26 to 26 in). They have long
637:
The bat falcon's breeding season varies geographically. It spans from
February to June in Mexico and northern Central America. It nests in February on Trinidad and probably between October and February in Argentina. Eggs have been noted in March in Venezuela, in April in Guyana, and in August near
459:
and bare skin around the eye are bright yellow, their iris black-brown, and their legs and feet orange-yellow. Juveniles are duller and browner than adults, with a buffier throat, a tawny tinge to the breast's barring, and black bars or spots on the undertail coverts. The three subspecies are
1006:
701:
appropriate habitat, it being one of the most widely distributed New World falcons." But it "no longer breeds in several areas where forest extensively transformed to agriculture" and "pesticides unquestionably affected breeding success" in Mexico and
Central America.
904:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 January 2023. A classification of the bird species of South
America. American Ornithological Society.
520:, on wooded savanna, on cleared land with some remaining trees, and even in suburban and urban areas. In elevation it mostly ranges from sea level to about 1,700 m (5,600 ft) with a single record in Bolivia at about 3,250 m (10,700 ft).
1087:
688:; the male's is higher pitched than the female's. Other calls include "an even higher and thinner “tsee-tsee-tsee...”", a "low-intensity “chit” given in contact", and by the female, "a whining or high-pitched wailing call with a wavering quality".
812:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 30 January 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South
American Countries and Territories.
549:, from which they launch aerial attacks on their prey. They also hunt in sustained flight. Most hunting is around dawn or dusk and often continues well past sunset. Their diet is eclectic; they hunt
992:
451:
wings and a longish tail with a square tip. The sexes have similar plumage. Adults have blue-black head and upperparts with grayish edges on the feathers from the upper back to the uppertail
680:
The bat falcon is vocal "in breeding season, especially near nest, in contacts with other raptors, and even when attacking prey." Its main call is a "rapid shrill screaming"
891:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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1305:
1411:
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533:
The bat falcon is apparently mostly sedentary. However, the records in Texas, at high elevation in
Bolivia, on Tobago, and on islands off the
261:
1446:
500:
475:, from northern Mexico south through all of Central America and west of the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and extreme northwestern Peru
1421:
976:
1451:
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485:
and south through eastern
Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern and eastern Bolivia, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina
503:
in Alamo, Texas, in
December 2021, for the only U.S. record of the species. It stayed in the area into early March.
1310:
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516:
The bat falcon inhabits tropical forest. It favors unbroken mature forest but also occurs at the forest edge, in
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829:"Twenty-third supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union check-list of North American birds"
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1030:"Species lists of birds for South American countries and territories: Trinidad and Tobago"
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491:, central Brazil and adjacent eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina
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1032:. South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society
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921:"Phylogeny of the Falconidae inferred from molecular and morphological data"
602:
95:
993:"Bird of Prey Spotted in U.S. For the First Time, Drawing Crowds to Texas"
1336:
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1081:
892:
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22:
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802:(7th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union. 1998.
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481:, Trinidad and from eastern Colombia east through Venezuela and
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similar, differing mainly in the tone of their plumage colors.
550:
772:
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023).
887:
Bierregaard, R. O. and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Bat Falcon (
815:
https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm
400:
variations in plumage. Others add a fourth subspecies
430:) share plumage and vocal characteristics and may be
346:), are now believed to refer to the present species.
537:, Honduras, and Panama show a pattern of wandering.
1112:
907:
https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
509:is resident on Trinidad and has been recorded as a
746:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696457A140949181.en
468:The subspecies of the bat falcon are found thus:
971:. New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 889–891.
645:
434:. Those two appear to be closely related to the
545:Bat falcons perch conspicuously on high, open
408:. Yet others assign only two subspecies, the
8:
294:, the falcons and caracaras. It is found in
349:The bat falcon has these three subspecies:
1100:
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1028:Kenefick, Martyn (September 22, 2020).
827:American Ornithologists' Union (1948).
710:
893:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.batfal1.01
716:
714:
1053:"ADW: Falco rufigularis: INFORMATION"
7:
1412:IUCN Red List least concern species
732:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
800:Check-list of North American Birds
666:Listen to bat falcon on xeno-canto
501:Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge
247:Vieillot, 1817 (original spelling)
14:
326:The bat falcon was long known as
650:
82:
721:BirdLife International (2020).
1442:Birds of the Amazon rainforest
1432:Birds of the Yucatán Peninsula
1007:"Bat Falcon eBird species map"
495:A juvenile male of subspecies
1:
967:; Christie, David A. (2001).
919:Griffiths, Carole S. (1999).
1009:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology
404:that is usually included in
895:retrieved February 15, 2023
388:Some authors maintain that
1468:
1447:Birds of the Guiana Shield
909:retrieved January 30, 2023
817:retrieved January 30, 2023
252:Odontorhynchus rufigularis
20:
739:: e.T22696457A140949181.
218:
211:
202:
184:
177:
79:Scientific classification
77:
55:
46:
37:
32:
1422:Birds of Central America
1088:Bat Falcon photo gallery
464:Distribution and habitat
332:Falco fusco-coerulescens
322:Taxonomy and systematics
243:Falco fusco-coerulescens
238:, 1817 (modern spelling)
21:Not to be confused with
1452:Birds described in 1800
422:The bat falcon and the
396:are not subspecies but
336:Falco fuscocaerulescens
231:Falco fuscocaerulescens
1437:Birds of South America
424:orange-breasted falcon
273:
269:Orange Walk District,
1358:Paleobiology Database
1055:. Animaldiversity.org
306:, and every mainland
264:
969:Raptors of the World
965:Ferguson-Lees, James
338:, long used for the
778:IOC World Bird List
774:"Seriemas, falcons"
170:F. rufigularis
49:Conservation status
489:F. r. ophryophanes
394:F. r. ophryophanes
376:F. r. ophryophanes
274:
1399:
1398:
1389:Falco-rufigularis
1345:Open Tree of Life
1158:Falco_rufigularis
1144:Falco rufigularis
1114:Falco rufigularis
1106:Taxon identifiers
889:Falco rufigularis
725:Falco rufigularis
672:
671:
535:Yucatán Peninsula
507:F. r. rufigularis
479:F. r. rufigularis
417:F. r. petrophilus
413:F. r. rufigularis
402:F. r. petrophilus
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365:F. r. rufigularis
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328:Falco albigularis
283:Falco rufigularis
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497:F. r. petoensis
473:F. r. petoensis
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436:aplomado falcon
390:F. r. petoensis
354:F. r. petoensis
340:aplomado falcon
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300:Central America
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428:F. deiroleucus
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1057:. Retrieved
1046:
1036:February 15,
1034:. Retrieved
1023:
1013:February 15,
1011:. Retrieved
1001:
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968:
938:February 15,
936:. Retrieved
934:(1): 116–130
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784:February 11,
782:. Retrieved
777:
750:. Retrieved
736:
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724:
723:"Bat Falcon
695:
685:
681:
679:
676:Vocalization
659:
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615:grasshoppers
597:, and large
567:hummingbirds
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499:wandered to
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288:bird of prey
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226:Daudin, 1800
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27:
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1319:Neotropical
1254:iNaturalist
1138:Wikispecies
752:15 February
607:butterflies
603:dragonflies
579:water birds
513:on Tobago.
483:the Guianas
446:Description
33:Bat falcon
1406:Categories
1384:Xeno-canto
1059:August 23,
705:References
577:and small
292:Falconidae
278:bat falcon
146:Falconidae
619:true bugs
581:), small
571:parakeets
557:(such as
406:petoensis
381:Salvadori
164:Species:
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
1371:Species+
1298:22696457
1272:10586730
1184:22696457
1179:BirdLife
1123:Wikidata
1082:Suriname
780:. v 13.1
633:Breeding
601:such as
575:tanagers
563:swallows
529:Movement
524:Behavior
410:nominate
304:Trinidad
236:Vieillot
213:Synonyms
142:Family:
116:Chordata
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
23:bat hawk
1324:batfal1
1246:2481033
1233:batfal1
1207:batfal1
1166:Avibase
1129:Q844220
1096:oiseaux
1094:Article
928:The Auk
858:4080493
623:beetles
599:insects
591:lizards
583:rodents
541:Feeding
511:vagrant
453:coverts
383:, 1895)
316:Uruguay
286:) is a
152:Genus:
132:Order:
122:Class:
67: (
1363:400276
1350:582950
1311:399590
1285:175651
1197:113132
1078:Stamps
975:
856:
692:Status
640:Manaus
625:, and
587:snakes
559:swifts
398:clinal
371:, 1800
369:Daudin
360:, 1918
296:Mexico
271:Belize
197:, 1800
195:Daudin
1337:73367
1267:IRMNG
1228:eBird
1220:3DTGN
1204:BOW:
1090:VIREO
1080:(for
924:(PDF)
854:JSTOR
832:(PDF)
611:moths
595:frogs
555:birds
547:snags
358:Chubb
312:Chile
157:Falco
1376:9656
1306:NCBI
1293:IUCN
1280:ITIS
1259:4664
1241:GBIF
1192:BOLD
1061:2022
1038:2023
1015:2023
973:ISBN
940:2023
786:2023
754:2023
737:2020
698:IUCN
696:The
551:bats
457:cere
415:and
392:and
314:and
276:The
126:Aves
1215:CoL
1153:ADW
932:116
846:doi
837:Auk
741:doi
684:or
442:).
334:or
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