345:–mediated transcription. Meanwhile, the mosquito cells neither host cell transcription nor translation are inhibited by this fact. It would seem the difference in the behavior of the NSs protein could be one of the factors responsible for the different outcomes of infection attributed to the Batai virus in mammalian and mosquito cells. Some have theorized that a release method that does not rupture the cell membrane could explain why viral replication does not kill mosquito cells and persistence is maintained. Similar NSs proteins of the Rift Valley fever phlebovirus have quite a distinct size and amino acid sequence, but they play a similar role in mammalian cells in overcoming the innate immune responses that are a consequence of the global shut-down of the cells transcription mechanisms. Similar NSs proteins of the Rift Valley fever phlebovirus have quite a distinct size and amino acid sequence, but they play a similar role in mammalian cells in overcoming the innate immune responses that are a consequence of the global shut-down of the cells transcription mechanisms.
287:, Batai virus is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. The orthobunyavirus genome has a characteristic segmented genome, with small, medium, and large (S, M, and L) segments which generally encode the nucleocapsid, envelope protein and the polymerase protein, respectively. The size of the S segment is 943 nucleotides, the size of the M segment is 4440 nucleotides, and the size of the L segment is 6870 nucleotides. In the S segment there are two open reading frames (ORFs), the nucleocapsid and non-structurals which were overlapping. The M segment has a polyprotein precursor in the open reading frame. The L segment encodes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
341:
ability to form clear lytic plaques in cells of vertebrate species but not in those derived from insects. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that in mammalian cells, the NSs protein will induce a shut-off of host protein synthesis which will lead to the death of the host cell. It has also been shown to counteract the host cell antiviral response. This would establish it as the main virulence factor as it acts during the transcriptional phase by inhibiting
226:
non-structural proteins (NSm). The L segment encodes for the replicase/ transcriptase L protein. The nonstructural proteins NSm participate in virus assembly and NSs plays a key role in counteracting the host immune response by blocking alpha/beta interferon induction The full-length genome of NM/12 consists of a 947 base pair nucleotide S segment, a 4405 base pair nucleotide M segment, and a 6870 base pair nucleotide L segment. It also contains one
35:
333:, functioning to cleave the host cell mRNA. These resulting primers are then incorporated into the viral mRNA. BATV will also encode for two non-structural proteins, NSm on the M segment and NSs on the S segment. During the process it is believed that NSm actively participates in assembly of the virus. These newly assembled viral particles will mature over a period of time inside of the hosts cell in the membranes of the
367:
illness. Infection results in high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, back, and abdominal pains. Other symptoms that have been noted include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric changes. If severe symptoms may include hemorrhages in the skin, causing lesions or bruising. It has a 30% fatality rate.
225:
The structure of Batai virus (BATV) consists of an enveloped nucleocapsid that is composed of three RNA segments: small (S), medium (M), and large (L). The S segment encodes the nucleocapsid (N) and the non-structural (NSs) proteins. The M segment encodes the virion surface glycoproteins (Gn, Gc) and
216:
in 1955. Evidence from serological surveillance and virus isolation shows that this virus is widely distributed around the world. Similar to other orthobunyaviruses it contributes to both human and animal disease. In humans it has been noted in causing severe fever, and in bovines has been associated
324:
membranes lining the cytoplasm of the infected cells. Entry into the cell is facilitated by the viral enveloped nucleocapsid, which contains glycoproteins G1 and G2. Encoded by the M RNA segment they are involved in attachment to the host cell through unidentified receptors on the surface and elicit
233:
Viral enveloped nucleocapsids utilize membrane glycoproteins on their surface to mediate entry into host cells. Averaging of glycoprotein spikes of membrane viruses, such as HIV-1, has been a particularly successful approach for studying their structure. An understanding of the structure is integral
303:
It is well known that the geographical distribution of Batai virus (BATV) includes the regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. The most common vertebrate affected by BATV are domestic pigs, horses, ruminants and wild birds, which have been known to be the primary mammalian hosts. The transmission cycle
340:
However, while able to replicate in both vertebrate and invertebrate species, in mosquito cells no cell death is observed and persistent infection is established. Whereas in mammalian cells infection is typically categorized as lytic and eventually leads to cell death. This stems from the viruses
242:
Extensive research has yet to be performed on the detailed crystalline structure of Batai virus, but research on the closely related
Bunyamwera virus has shown a distinct functionality of each of the two nucleocapsid side chains. An N-terminal arm and a C-terminal tail were found to interact with
366:
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is one of the viruses that is associated with Batai virus, as it is in the same family
Bunyaviridae. This occurs in the same areas throughout the world including Africa, Asia, Europe. It mainly infects farmworkers in these regions of the world, and is a tick-borne
290:
Batai virus is geographically spread throughout Asia and Europe. It has been shown that batai viruses from Japan, Malaysia and India share homologies in the genomic sequence more so than when virus strains from Europe and Asia are compared to each other. Reassortment of the genome can have some
319:
While limited research has been conducted on the viral cycle of the Batai virus, comparable studies with the close relative
Bunyamwera virus has shown that viral infection begins in the salivary glands of mosquitos. At the onset of replication the virus particles coalesce into
381:
syndrome (SFTS). This was a recently discovered in China in 2011 and is transmitted either directly to humans through ticks, or to house pets as an intermediate host and then on to humans. Symptoms are characterized by fever, vomiting, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia and
258:
family have shown that there exists an icosahedral lattice with clear T=12 quasisymmetry. Consequently, this triangulation number would correlate with a viral nuclear capsid exhibiting 720 faces. This study was performed on the
243:
neighboring NP protomers to form a tetrameric ring-shaped organization. Each protomer bound a 10-nucleotide RNA molecule, which was acquired from the expression host, in the positively charged crevice between the N and C lobes.
957:
Weber F, Elliott RM, Brasier A, Garcia-Sastre A, Lemon S, editors. Bunyaviruses and innate immunity. In: Cellular signaling and innate immune responses to RNA virus infections. (2009) Washington, DC: ASM Press. pp.
238:
enables visualization of the structure of viral glycoprotein spikes to a resolution in the range of 20-40 Ă… and allows for study of the study of higher order spike-to-spike interactions on the virion membrane.
217:
with premature birth, birth defects, and increased abortion rates. It is transmitted through mosquito bites, ticks, and biting midges, and occurs from cold to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe.
251:
in shape, they display a locally ordered lattice of glycoprotein spikes. Each spike protrudes 18 nanometers from the viral membrane and becomes disordered upon introduction to an acidic environment.
374:, which is of the same family and genus as the Batai virus (BATV); it is known to cause Bunyamwera fever. This particular virus is spread by mosquitos biting infected mice and then biting humans.
968:
Moutailler, S; Krida, G; Madec, Y; Bouloy, M; Failloux, AB (2010). "Replication of Clone 13, a naturally attenuated avirulent isolate of Rift Valley fever virus, in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes".
2221:
295:) can cause an increase in the virulence of Batai virus. Reassortment of the genome within the genus Orthobunyavirus are not uncommon and can lead to an increase in virulence.
1162:
1977:
2521:
2480:
2231:
1606:
254:
Although the exact icosahedral symmetry of a Batai virus viron is yet to be determined, studies using Cryo-electron tomography on related viruses of the
1243:
472:
1155:
735:"Rift Valley fever virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention"
325:
neutralizing antibodies. Transcription of BATV is said to be similar to that of influenza in that mRNA synthesis is primed by cap-containing
1480:
291:
serious effects. It has been observed that reassortment between the M segment and the S and L segments with another strain of Batai virus (
1595:
234:
for revealing both the molecular basis of virus–host interactions and guiding antiviral and vaccine design development. A software named
574:
Li, Baobin; Wang, Quan; Pan, Xijiang; Isabel; Sun, Yuna; Guo, Yu; Tao, Xinwei; Risco, Cristina; Sui, Sen-Fang; Lou, Zhiyong (May 2013).
1470:
1982:
1822:
1355:
1350:
1148:
354:
1086:
Mosby, I. (2009). Mosby's dictionary of medicine, nursing & health professions (8th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier.
633:
Bowden, Thomas A.; Bitto, David; McLees, Angela; Yeromonahos, Christelle; Elliott, Richard M.; Huiskonen, Juha T. (May 2013).
1757:
34:
2014:
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Freiberg, Alexander N.; Sherman, Michael B.; Morais, Marc C.; Holbrook, Michael R.; Watowich, Stanley J. (November 2008).
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799:
Huhtamo, E.; Lambert, A. J.; Costantino, S.; Servino, L.; Krizmancic, L.; Boldorini, R.; Ravanini, P. (2013).
527:"Averaging of Viral Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes from Electron Cryotomography Reconstructions using Jsubtomo"
2330:
1992:
1987:
1892:
1687:
1673:
1649:
1591:
1401:
1285:
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Virus (RVFV), which is an arthropod borne disease that is endemic to regions of Africa and Asia, namely the
200:
Batai virus (BATV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative sense RNA genome. It is a member of the genus
2420:
1677:
1645:
1621:
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1334:
1258:
1233:
1219:
1198:
2110:
2019:
1997:
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1338:
401:
Plyusnin, A. (2011). Bunyaviridae: Molecular and cellular biology. Norfolk, UK: Caister
Academic Press.
505:
2162:
2157:
1536:
587:
29:
2098:
2083:
1952:
1747:
839:
Yanase, T., Kato, T., Yamakawa, M., Takayoshi, K., Nakamura, K., Kokuba, T. & Tsuda, T. (2006).
2295:
1570:
1422:
227:
154:
686:"Three-Dimensional Organization of Rift Valley Fever Virus Revealed by Cryoelectron Tomography"
576:"Bunyamwera virus possesses a distinct nucleocapsid protein to facilitate genome encapsidation"
2467:
2375:
2152:
1495:
1309:
1127:
1069:
1034:
985:
940:
922:
869:
822:
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556:
497:
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342:
260:
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1140:
422:"Isolation and complete nucleotide sequence of a Batai virus strain in Inner Mongolia, China"
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2088:
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1117:
1109:
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1024:
1016:
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Pepin, Michel; Bouloy, Michèle; Bird, Brian H.; Kemp, Alan; Paweska, Janusz (Nov–Dec 2010).
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546:
538:
487:
443:
433:
378:
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326:
284:
119:
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Elliott, R. M. "Emerging
Viruses: The Bunyaviridae." Molecular Medicine 3.9 (1997): 572–577
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1810:
1803:
1798:
1601:
1512:
1392:
1387:
334:
201:
188:
131:
83:
283:. Batai virus is part of a diverse group of arthropod-borne viruses. Classified via the
801:"Isolation and full genomic characterization of Batai virus from mosquitoes, Italy 2009"
591:
2007:
1695:
1666:
1122:
1097:
1029:
1004:
935:
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685:
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575:
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526:
492:
448:
421:
899:
Bird, Brian; Szemiel, Agnieszka M.; Failloux, Anna-Bella; Elliott, Richard M. (2012).
353:
Batai virus (BATV) is a member of the family
Bunyaviridae. Associated viruses include
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2354:
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2212:
2133:
2115:
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1957:
1833:
1815:
1727:
1517:
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Huiskonen, J. T.; Parsy, M. L.; Li, S.; Bitto, D.; Renner, M.; Bowden, T. A. (2014).
71:
1065:
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1968:
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95:
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1178:
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651:
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2189:
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1901:
1896:
1792:
1556:
1490:
1447:
1377:
1299:
1223:
901:"Role of Bunyamwera Orthobunyavirus NSs Protein in Infection of Mosquito Cells"
2386:
2316:
2286:
2236:
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2002:
1883:
1738:
1616:
1547:
1429:
1278:
1113:
383:
926:
750:
438:
2395:
1187:
635:"Orthobunyavirus Ultrastructure and the Curious Tripodal Glycoprotein Spike"
600:
305:
177:
59:
1131:
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1038:
989:
944:
826:
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768:
719:
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560:
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457:
420:
Liu, H.; Shao, X.; Hu, B.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, H.; Yan, X. (2014).
1020:
981:
873:
473:"Molecular characterization of Chittoor (Batai) virus isolates from India"
2506:
2437:
1171:
1005:"Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in China"
701:
213:
2325:
2274:
2252:
1771:
321:
2363:
2142:
1871:
1860:
2414:
865:
852:
Peers, R. R. (1972). "Bunyamwera virus replication in mosquitoes".
542:
309:
209:
46:
1434:
292:
2418:
1144:
2062:
377:
Batai virus (BATV) is also associated with severe fever with
230:
that encode three proteins of 151, 943, or 1395 amino acids.
316:
species mosquitoes in a typical vertebrate–mosquito cycle.
1052:
Whitehouse, C (2004). "Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever".
247:
has also determined that whilst
Bunyamwera virions are
471:
Yadav, P.; Sudeep, A.; Mishra, A.; Mourya, D. (2012).
1096:
Kim, Kye-Hyung; Oh, Myoung-Don; Hirosawa, H. (2014).
2496:
2427:
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2352:
2343:
2314:
2284:
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2210:
2178:
2131:
2072:
2061:
2035:
1966:
1881:
1870:
1859:
1831:
1781:
1770:
1736:
1716:
1634:
1580:
1569:
1545:
1445:
1323:
1208:
1197:
1186:
363:, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.
1003:Yu, XJ; Liang, MF; Zhang, SY; et al. (2011).
304:of BATV occurs in agricultural ecosystems via
1156:
1098:"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome"
8:
794:
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790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
520:
518:
415:
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411:
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1607:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
2415:
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2259:
2069:
1878:
1867:
1778:
1577:
1205:
1194:
1163:
1149:
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18:
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934:
916:
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660:
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609:
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447:
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267:in Kenya from which its name is derived.
386:. SFTS virus has a 6-30% fatality rate.
847:
845:
394:
329:that are generated by a certain viral-
1978:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
275:Batai virus is a member of the genus
7:
370:A closely associated disease is the
1481:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
14:
1471:Western equine encephalomyelitis
1461:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
905:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
854:Canadian Journal of Microbiology
33:
1596:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
1066:10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.08.001
805:The Journal of General Virology
355:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
271:Viral Classification and Genome
1758:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1:
2015:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
1254:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
208:; it was first isolated from
1909:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
918:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001823
652:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003374
1931:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
1919:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
279:and a member of the family
2566:
1943:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
1823:Sandfly fever Naples virus
1102:Korean Journal of Medicine
360:Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus
299:Replication of Batai Virus
1611:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
1114:10.3904/kjm.2014.86.3.271
970:Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis
204:and belongs to the order
160:
153:
28:
21:
2227:SARS-related coronavirus
2190:Henipavirus encephalitis
2048:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
1893:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1674:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1646:Arbovirus encephalitides
1622:Arbovirus encephalitides
1592:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1557:Banna virus encephalitis
1457:Arbovirus encephalitides
1402:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1368:Saint Louis encephalitis
1335:Arbovirus encephalitides
1286:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1220:Arbovirus encephalitides
580:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
439:10.1186/1743-422x-11-138
245:Cryo-electron microscopy
2331:Yaba monkey tumor virus
1688:Kyasanur Forest disease
1650:Tick-borne encephalitis
1351:Australian encephalitis
1244:California encephalitis
601:10.1073/pnas.1222552110
337:before being released.
1678:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
1259:La Crosse encephalitis
818:10.1099/vir.0.051359-0
751:10.1051/vetres/2010033
2459:Batai orthobunyavirus
2429:Batai orthobunyavirus
2111:Marburg virus disease
1662:Powassan encephalitis
1339:Japanese encephalitis
1021:10.1056/NEJMoa1010095
982:10.1089/vbz.2009.0246
173:Batai orthobunyavirus
146:Batai orthobunyavirus
23:Batai orthobunyavirus
1537:Semliki Forest virus
702:10.1128/JVI.01191-08
30:Virus classification
2084:Ebola virus disease
1748:Colorado tick fever
1503:O'nyong'nyong fever
696:(21): 10341–10348.
592:2013PNAS..110.9048L
349:Associated Diseases
180:belonging to order
2296:Simian foamy virus
1054:Antiviral Research
228:open reading frame
2550:Orthobunyaviruses
2537:
2536:
2421:Taxon identifiers
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2339:
2338:
2247:
2246:
2057:
2056:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1766:
1765:
1565:
1564:
1310:Rift Valley fever
586:(22): 9048–9053.
343:RNA polymerase II
261:Rift Valley Fever
169:
168:
2557:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2489:
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2462:
2461:
2448:
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2416:
2350:
2260:
2070:
1879:
1868:
1843:Chandipura virus
1779:
1719:Orthomyxoviridae
1578:
1525:Ross River fever
1290:Bunyamwera fever
1206:
1195:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1108:(3): 3689–3690.
1093:
1087:
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504:. Archived from
495:
480:Indian J Med Res
477:
468:
462:
461:
451:
441:
426:Virology Journal
417:
402:
399:
379:thrombocytopenia
372:Bunyamwera virus
327:oligonucleotides
285:Baltimore scheme
121:Peribunyaviridae
38:
37:
19:
16:Species of virus
2565:
2564:
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2559:
2558:
2556:
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2554:
2540:
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2423:
2413:
2400:
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2181:Paramyxoviridae
2174:
2127:
2064:
2053:
2031:
1962:
1873:
1862:
1847:
1827:
1811:Pappataci fever
1804:Oropouche virus
1799:Oropouche fever
1773:
1762:
1732:
1712:
1630:
1602:Heartland virus
1572:
1561:
1541:
1513:Pogosta disease
1441:
1388:West Nile fever
1319:
1200:
1189:
1182:
1169:
1139:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1015:(16): 1523–32.
1009:N. Engl. J. Med
1002:
1001:
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967:
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956:
952:
898:
897:
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866:10.1139/m72-118
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645:(5): e1003374.
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351:
335:Golgi apparatus
301:
277:Orthobunyavirus
273:
223:
202:Orthobunyavirus
198:
189:Orthobunyavirus
149:
133:Orthobunyavirus
85:Negarnaviricota
32:
17:
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11:
5:
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2160:
2155:
2150:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2080:
2078:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1619:
1614:
1604:
1599:
1588:
1586:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1216:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1175:viral diseases
1170:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1088:
1079:
1060:(3): 145–160.
1044:
995:
976:(7): 681–688.
960:
950:
888:
879:
841:
832:
774:
725:
676:
625:
566:
537:(92): e51714.
514:
511:on 2019-02-01.
486:(5): 792–798.
463:
403:
393:
391:
388:
350:
347:
300:
297:
272:
269:
222:
219:
212:mosquitoes in
197:
194:
167:
166:
165:
164:
158:
157:
151:
150:
143:
141:
137:
136:
129:
125:
124:
117:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
97:Ellioviricetes
93:
89:
88:
81:
77:
76:
69:
65:
64:
57:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2562:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:Rhabdoviridae
2351:
2348:
2342:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2265:Herpesviridae
2261:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2213:Coronaviridae
2209:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2134:Rhabdoviridae
2130:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:Herpesviridae
2034:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1834:Rhabdoviridae
1830:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1816:Toscana virus
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1728:Bourbon virus
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:Sindbis virus
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
961:
954:
951:
946:
942:
937:
932:
928:
924:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
895:
893:
889:
883:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
846:
842:
836:
833:
828:
824:
819:
814:
811:(6): 1242–8.
810:
806:
802:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
775:
770:
766:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
729:
726:
721:
717:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
680:
677:
672:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
629:
626:
621:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
570:
567:
562:
558:
553:
548:
544:
543:10.3791/51714
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
519:
515:
507:
503:
499:
494:
489:
485:
481:
474:
467:
464:
459:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
404:
398:
395:
389:
387:
385:
380:
375:
373:
368:
364:
362:
361:
356:
348:
346:
344:
338:
336:
332:
328:
323:
317:
315:
311:
307:
298:
296:
294:
288:
286:
282:
278:
270:
268:
266:
262:
257:
252:
250:
246:
240:
237:
231:
229:
220:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
195:
193:
191:
190:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
162:
161:
159:
156:
152:
148:
147:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:
82:
79:
78:
75:
74:
73:Orthornavirae
70:
67:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
27:
24:
20:
2497:
2428:
2385:
2376:Mokola virus
2353:
2315:
2287:Retroviridae
2285:
2273:
2263:
2211:
2179:
2132:
2073:
2046:
2036:
1969:Bunyavirales
1967:
1884:Arenaviridae
1882:
1832:
1784:Bunyavirales
1782:
1737:
1717:
1703:Langat virus
1637:Flaviviridae
1635:
1626:Bhanja virus
1583:Bunyavirales
1581:
1546:
1446:
1418:Yellow fever
1406:Dengue fever
1326:Flaviviridae
1324:
1269:Tahyna virus
1234:Bwamba Fever
1211:Bunyavirales
1209:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1082:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1012:
1008:
998:
973:
969:
963:
953:
911:(9): e1823.
908:
904:
882:
860:(6): 741–5.
857:
853:
835:
808:
804:
742:
738:
728:
693:
689:
679:
642:
638:
628:
583:
579:
569:
534:
530:
506:the original
483:
479:
466:
429:
425:
397:
376:
369:
365:
358:
352:
339:
331:endonuclease
318:
314:Ochlerotatus
302:
289:
281:Bunyaviridae
280:
276:
274:
256:Bunyaviridae
255:
253:
241:
232:
224:
206:Bunyavirales
199:
196:Introduction
187:
183:Bunyavirales
181:
176:(BATV) is a
172:
171:
170:
145:
144:
132:
120:
109:Bunyavirales
108:
96:
84:
72:
60:
53:
43:(unranked):
22:
2498:Batai virus
2453:Wikispecies
2075:Filoviridae
1897:Lassa fever
1793:Adria virus
1491:Chikungunya
1448:Togaviridae
1378:Usutu virus
1300:Ngari virus
1224:Batai virus
639:PLOS Pathog
531:J. Vis. Exp
265:Rift Valley
249:pleomorphic
163:Batai virus
2387:Poxviridae
2317:Poxviridae
2237:SARS-CoV-2
1739:Reoviridae
1617:Tete virus
1548:Reoviridae
1430:Zika fever
1279:Tete virus
1177:(A80–B34,
390:References
384:leukopenia
2513:Q19903447
2444:Q70626078
2396:Monkeypox
1188:Arthropod
927:1935-2735
745:(6): 61.
306:Anopheles
221:Structure
178:RNA virus
140:Species:
68:Kingdom:
61:Riboviria
2544:Category
2507:Wikidata
2438:Wikidata
2344:Multiple
2232:SARS-CoV
2222:MERS-CoV
1411:DENV-1-4
1199:Mosquito
1172:Zoonotic
1132:27980278
1074:15550268
1039:21410387
990:20854021
958:287–299.
945:23029584
827:23515020
769:21188836
739:Vet. Res
720:18715915
671:23696739
620:23569257
561:25350719
502:23287126
458:25100223
236:Jsubtomo
214:Malaysia
186:, genus
155:Synonyms
116:Family:
80:Phylum:
2486:2560341
2346:vectors
2326:Tanapox
2275:B virus
2253:Primate
1772:Sandfly
1598:(CCHFV)
1179:042–079
1123:5283978
1030:3113718
936:3459826
874:4338313
760:2896810
711:2573222
690:J Virol
662:3656102
611:3670369
588:Bibcode
552:4353292
493:3573600
449:4127039
432:: 138.
322:vacuole
128:Genus:
104:Order:
92:Class:
2364:Rabies
2306:HTLV-2
2301:HTLV-1
2255:-borne
2143:Rabies
2065:-borne
1874:-borne
1872:Rodent
1863:-borne
1861:Mammal
1795:(ADRV)
1774:-borne
1573:-borne
1201:-borne
1190:-borne
1130:
1120:
1072:
1037:
1027:
988:
943:
933:
925:
872:
825:
767:
757:
718:
708:
669:
659:
618:
608:
559:
549:
500:
490:
456:
446:
2527:80942
2104:ZEBOV
2008:THAIV
1496:CHIKV
509:(PDF)
476:(PDF)
310:Culex
210:Culex
54:Realm
47:Virus
2522:NCBI
2481:NCBI
2473:KVXS
2369:RABV
2170:CHPV
2158:DUVV
2153:MOKV
2148:ABLV
2121:RAVV
2116:MARV
2099:TAFV
2094:SUDV
2089:BDBV
2020:ANDV
2003:AMRV
1998:SEOV
1993:PUUV
1988:HTNV
1983:DOBV
1958:CHPV
1953:LUJV
1947:MACV
1936:SABV
1924:JUNV
1913:GTOV
1902:LASV
1752:CTFV
1707:LGTV
1696:AHFV
1692:KFDV
1682:OHFV
1667:POWV
1655:TBEV
1571:Tick
1507:ONNV
1485:VEEV
1475:WEEV
1465:EEEV
1435:ZIKV
1382:USUV
1372:SLEV
1361:KUNV
1356:MVEV
1314:RVFV
1304:NRIV
1294:BUNV
1273:TAHV
1263:LACV
1238:BWAV
1228:BATV
1128:PMID
1070:PMID
1035:PMID
986:PMID
941:PMID
923:ISSN
870:PMID
823:PMID
765:PMID
716:PMID
667:PMID
616:PMID
557:PMID
498:PMID
454:PMID
312:and
293:BUNV
2468:CoL
2200:NiV
2195:HeV
2163:LBV
2063:Bat
2025:SNV
1530:RRV
1423:YFV
1393:WNV
1344:JEV
1248:CEV
1118:PMC
1110:doi
1062:doi
1025:PMC
1017:doi
1013:364
978:doi
931:PMC
913:doi
862:doi
813:doi
755:PMC
747:doi
706:PMC
698:doi
657:PMC
647:doi
606:PMC
596:doi
584:110
547:PMC
539:doi
488:PMC
484:136
444:PMC
434:doi
2546::
2524::
2509::
2483::
2470::
2455::
2440::
1895::
1676::
1648::
1624::
1594::
1459::
1404::
1337::
1288::
1222::
1126:.
1116:.
1106:86
1104:.
1100:.
1068:.
1058:64
1056:.
1033:.
1023:.
1011:.
1007:.
984:.
974:10
972:.
939:.
929:.
921:.
907:.
903:.
891:^
868:.
858:18
856:.
844:^
821:.
809:94
807:.
803:.
777:^
763:.
753:.
743:41
741:.
737:.
714:.
704:.
694:82
692:.
688:.
665:.
655:.
641:.
637:.
614:.
604:.
594:.
582:.
578:.
555:.
545:.
535:92
533:.
529:.
517:^
496:.
482:.
478:.
452:.
442:.
430:11
428:.
424:.
406:^
357:,
308:,
192:.
56::
1613:)
1609:(
1181:)
1164:e
1157:t
1150:v
1134:.
1112::
1076:.
1064::
1041:.
1019::
992:.
980::
947:.
915::
909:6
876:.
864::
829:.
815::
771:.
749::
722:.
700::
673:.
649::
643:9
622:.
598::
590::
563:.
541::
460:.
436::
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