573:
1693:
67:
627:
298:
486:
92:
1700:
50:
405:. He was replaced in the Department of South Carolina and Georgia by Beauregard, who assumed command on September 24, 1862. The new commander supported the fortification of Winyah Bay: on October 8, 1862, he assured Governor Pickens that he had ordered the construction of a battery of five or six pieces of artillery at Mayrant's Bluff; on November 10, he wrote Colonel
99:
74:
417:
614:
In the 1970s, the plantation was developed as a condominium complex. Portions of the 100-acre (40 ha) complex of fortifications were lost to construction. However, the owners elected to preserve
Battery White itself. In 1977, a 3-acre (1.2 ha) area encompassing the battery was nominated
545:
24-pounders, and two banded rifled 12-pounders. A 6-pound smoothbore flanked the ditch. The rear was defended by a "formidable" rampart and ditch, with a 24-pound smoothbore at either end; in the fort were numerous traverses and magazines. The approach along the beach to the battery's right flank
440:
In
February 1863, Trapier reported that the Mayrant's Bluff fortification, now named Battery White, was occupied by only 53 men and nine guns. Even this small force sufficed to stop Federal incursions up the rivers of Winyah Bay. However, rice production in the Georgetown area did not recover: the
424:
Trapier was less than pleased with the troops and artillery that he had been given. The new regiment, he noted, arrived at the battery without arms and ammunition; and as
Reserves, would only be in service for 90 days, not enough time to make effective soldiers of them even had they been armed. He
568:
had sent its boats out to sweep for such devices. However, their efforts may have been perfunctory: according to
Dahlgren's report, "...so much has been said in ridicule of torpedoes that very little precautions are deemed necessary, and if resorted to are probably taken with less care than if due
536:
Soon thereafter, Dahlgren inspected the battery, and was impressed. The fortification, he wrote, was well situated and designed, laid out to defend against both shipborne bombardment and attack by landing parties. Eleven guns bore on the channel: two 10-inch (254 mm) Columbiads, three banded
388:
The
Federal forces made no attempt to seize territory up the rivers, and their expeditions were limited by the draft of their vessels. Nevertheless, they conducted a number of raids in which they damaged facilities, seized rice, and released slaves; and these raids severely disrupted the region's
645:
was never salvaged, and has gradually sunk deeper into the mud of the bay. In the mid-1960s, the top deck lay under an estimated six feet (1.8 m) of mud. A Georgetown group attempted to salvage and restore the vessel as a tourist attraction, and in 1964 the U.S. Navy formally abandoned it,
436:
Despite the paucity of men and weaponry, the new battery proved effective. On
November 11, 1862, two Union gunboats entered Winyah Bay and began firing on the Mayrant's Bluff works. The Second South Carolina Artillery, which had set up nine guns in the fortification, responded; and within a few
392:
Pemberton still refused to move artillery and men to the
Georgetown area, maintaining that all of his resources were necessary for the protection of Charleston. However, his superiors ordered him to construct new fortifications at Winyah Bay. Since the Union now controlled the islands, it was
380:
noted that the island forts were unoccupied. They landed troops to occupy North Island, which became the principal local Union base for much of the war; and they destroyed the fortifications on South and Cat
Islands. They also sailed some 10 miles (16 km) up the Waccamaw River, where they
339:
274:. Georgetown County produced nearly half of the rice grown in the United States, amounting to some 54 million pounds (24,000 tonnes) in 1860; Georgetown exported more rice than any other port in the world. This production and shipping could be disrupted by gunboats moving up the
622:
The battery's earthworks are for the most part well preserved. The powder magazines have deteriorated, owing to collapse of the earth mounds following decay of their wooden interior shoring. The two
Columbiads have been re-mounted and once again point out over Winyah Bay.
334:
The island fortifications were never tested against a major Union attack. However, they served a useful purpose in dealing with grounded ships, both
Confederate and Federal; in protecting the entrance to the bay; and in maintaining Confederate possession of the islands.
2057:
1936:
1776:
1921:
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1901:
1826:
1821:
1801:
1791:
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1972:
1886:
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1811:
1806:
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1911:
1891:
1881:
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1741:
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1906:
1861:
1851:
1836:
1771:
1756:
1736:
594:, sailed from Georgetown toward Battery White, which Dahlgren intended to inspect. En route, the vessel struck one of Daggett and Rouquie's mines, which blew a large hole in it, killing one sailor; the boat quickly sank in two and a half
1926:
1916:
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1993:
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1941:
1967:
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1977:
1962:
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2082:
1623:
606:
For over a century after the Civil War, the grounds on which Battery White stood were part of the Belle Isle Plantation. During the late 19th century, extensive landscaping was undertaken on the plantation. The
638:
Three of the battery's guns have been placed in Georgetown. A 24-pound gun has been mounted in front of the National Guard Armory, and two cannon are displayed in Constitution Park on the Georgetown waterfront.
467:, just north of Charleston. Only a company of the German Artillery was left to defend the Georgetown district. By the end of January 1865, only a small crew commanded by a lieutenant remained at Battery White.
2087:
451:; they reported that there was great discontent among the troops, and that many would desert were they not so strongly guarded. They also reported that there were ten guns at the battery; the captain of
1643:
1616:
444:
The battery continued to lose manpower, despite Trapier's ongoing calls for more troops and guns. In October 1864, a body of eleven deserters from the Confederate German Artillery reached the gunboat
2092:
315:
ordered the development of coastal defenses for South Carolina, including batteries situated on three islands flanking the mouth of Winyah Bay: North Island, South Island, and Cat Island. The
2102:
561:, at the time known as "torpedoes", in the bay. Eighteen mines had been constructed in Georgetown by Captain Thomas West Daggett and Stephen W. Rouquie and placed strategically in the bay.
294:
of the Santee River, whose mouths lie just below the bay. Curtailing rice production would not only damage the local economy, but would impair the Confederacy's ability to feed its armies.
497:
moved up the coast to Georgetown, which Dahlgren thought might be a useful point of communication with Sherman's land forces. On February 23, deserters told the captain of the gunboat
1998:
441:
raids had destroyed too much of the physical plant, carried off too many of the slaves, and created too much uncertainty for planters to return to anything near full production.
393:
necessary to find sites further up the bay. On August 3, 1862, Pemberton visited the area and selected Mayrant's Bluff and Frazier's Point as the sites for the new batteries.
363:, who ordered the withdrawal of troops and artillery from the positions around Georgetown, apparently in order to concentrate his limited manpower on shorter defensive lines.
2062:
2021:
2016:
1682:
1672:
546:
was covered by a 24-pound and a 12-pound smoothbore. "If the works had been sufficiently manned", wrote Dahlgren, "it would have required good troops to take the work."
2077:
564:
As early as January 1865, Union sympathizers in Georgetown had warned Dahlgren's forces about the existence of mines in the channel. While approaching Battery White,
224:
coast, the battery was strongly situated and constructed; however, it was inadequately manned, and was captured without resistance during the final months of the war.
611:
erected a memorial stone on the site in 1929. In about 1946, the plantation gardens, including the battery, were opened to the public, and remained thus until 1974.
401:
Later in August 1862, Pemberton was promoted to lieutenant general and sent to the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, where he would eventually surrender
2097:
1562:
646:
rendering it eligible for private salvage; but the attempt failed for lack of funds. As of 2011, the ship's boiler stack was still visible at low tide.
66:
557:
By the fall of 1864, the Union fleet had effectively closed Winyah Bay to blockade runners. Accordingly, the Confederate command had elected to lay
2026:
1667:
1034:
239:
Even before the outbreak of the Civil War, the secessionist government of South Carolina was concerned with the possibility of attack by sea in
139:
385:" that grew to more than a thousand before being removed to Port Royal for fear of Confederate raids leading to their recapture or massacre.
923:
91:
1639:
935:
665:
616:
228:
36:
389:
economy. Rice production in particular suffered, since it depended on a labor force of skilled slaves performing carefully timed tasks.
1209:
608:
508:
fired four rounds into the battery. When no response was made, a party was sent ashore; they found the battery abandoned and its guns
2072:
1180:
240:
1452:
758:
2067:
1023:
1190:
1143:
1302:
789:"National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form: Georgetown County Rice Culture, c. 1750 – c. 1910".
382:
1275:
1318:
464:
1060:
266:
forces. Winyah Bay would furnish a sheltered anchorage large enough for the entire United States Navy of 1861. The city of
209:
768:
381:
raided a mill and carried off 80 slaves. Settled on North Island, these freed slaves formed the nucleus of a colony of "
328:
275:
727:
710:
699:
1458:
1326:
1281:
1151:
482:, which they entered on February 17; on the same day, Charleston was evacuated, and on the 18th, it was surrendered.
475:
324:
271:
267:
263:
127:
1342:
Letter of surrender from R. O. Bush, intendant, and wardens of Georgetown, South Carolina; February 25, 1865. In
1489:
474:
moved northward from Georgia into South Carolina. On February 2 and 3, they defeated a Confederate force in the
409:
that the battery was "armed and completed", and that he had sent a new regiment of the State Reserves to General
252:
1559:
479:
471:
1608:
1103:
323:, the newly appointed commander of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida, with Colonel
2011:
1662:
244:
2031:
1677:
1657:
297:
1602:
319:
in November 1861 lent urgency to the construction and improvement of these works, which was done under
255:
planters to "aid in the erection of Batteries to protect and defend the entrance of Winyah Bay and the
983:
366:
Union naval forces were quick to take advantage of this new vulnerability. In May 1862, the gunboats
1020:
367:
316:
312:
406:
402:
352:
213:
1404:
1358:
Report by Admiral J. A. Dahlgren to Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles; February 28, 1865. In
1231:
Report by Admiral J. A. Dahlgren to Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles; February 28, 1865. In
857:
662:
1474:
722:
Charles Alston, aide-de-camp to Pickens; December 30, 1860. Quoted in George C. Rogers, Jr.,
516:
430:
360:
205:
1206:
455:
concluded that the bay was too well defended for him to render aid to prospective deserters.
1431:
Report by Admiral J. A. Dahlgren to Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles; March 1, 1865. In
588:
494:
410:
302:
485:
338:
1566:
1322:
1213:
1194:
1184:
1027:
772:
762:
703:
669:
356:
248:
1177:
1057:
The military operations of General Beauregard in the war between the states, 1861 to 1865
529:
continued up the bay and landed a party of Marines to take possession of Georgetown; the
755:
626:
572:
478:, clearing their pathway into the state. After a feint at Charleston, they marched to
283:
221:
1546:
1055:
P. G. T. Beauregard to James Chesnut, Jr., November 10, 1862; quoted in Alfred Roman,
1030:
185:
2046:
1187:
320:
279:
1543:
788:
1046:
P. G. T. Beauregard to Francis Pickens, October 8, 1862; quoted in Simmons, p. 107.
513:
445:
291:
287:
256:
1312:
2058:
Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
1605:
at South Carolina Department of Archives and History: includes a number of photos
1433:
1360:
1344:
1256:
1233:
1124:
1006:
821:
1434:
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion
1361:
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion
1345:
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion
1257:
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion
1234:
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion
1125:
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion
1104:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form: Battery White."
374:
1585:
Defending South Carolina's Coast: The Civil War from Georgetown to Little River
872:
1504:
765:
558:
542:
523:
509:
498:
217:
49:
1519:
154:
141:
696:
585:
530:
426:
351:
Matters changed in early 1862. In March of that year, Lee was recalled to
416:
2053:
National Register of Historic Places in Georgetown County, South Carolina
1462:
1384:
1330:
1285:
1155:
943:
875:
845:
842:
581:
1569:
1403:"Sinking of the USS Harvest Moon", historical marker text reproduced at
661:
Obtained by entering "Battery White" in "Resource Name" search field at
1391:
429:, suitable for defending the battery and the bay against incursions by
54:
Battery White earthworks. Winyah Bay is out of the photo to the left.
595:
538:
463:
In November 1864, Trapier was ordered to bring most of his forces to
1438:
Government Printing Office, 1903, pp. 282–83. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1365:
Government Printing Office, 1903, pp. 277–78. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1238:
Government Printing Office, 1903, pp. 273–74. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
681:
569:
weight was attached to the existence of these mischievous things."
625:
571:
484:
415:
337:
296:
1405:"SC Historical Roadside Markers – Florence to Hampton Counties".
1129:
Government Printing Office, 1903, pp. 7–8. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
726:, University of South Carolina Press, 1970; quote reproduced at
270:
on the bay was the largest on the South Carolina coast north of
1612:
1349:
Government Printing Office, 1903, p. 275. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1261:
Government Printing Office, 1903, p. 276. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
470:
In January and early February 1865, Union forces under General
2108:
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places
1216:
2083:
Buildings and structures in Georgetown County, South Carolina
922:
is described as a "378-ton (burden) wooden screw gunboat" at
231:. It is located on private land, but is open to the public.
301:
Winyah Bay, including locations of Battery White and sunken
1596:
1492:
1477:
986:
to James Chesnut, Jr., July 26, 1862; retrieved 2011-09-16.
731:
684:
1250:
Report of Commander J. Blakeley Creighton, captain of USS
425:
had also been given fairly light guns; what he wanted was
2088:
Tourist attractions in Georgetown County, South Carolina
504:
that Battery White had been or would soon be evacuated.
1522:
1507:
1118:
Report of Lieutenant R. P. Swann, commander of the USS
1106:
791:
706:
327:
in charge of the district that included Georgetown and
243:. Shortly after the December 20, 1860, passage of the
1390:, vol. 27, no. 3 (Summer 1993), p. 19. Reproduced at
822:"The War for Southern Independence in South Carolina".
2093:
Artillery battery fortifications in the United States
900:. University Press of Mississippi, 1991. pp. 98–99.
533:
of the city formally surrendered it on February 25.
437:
minutes, the Federal vessels were forced to retire.
2017:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1986:
1950:
1707:
1673:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1650:
1427:
1425:
191:
178:
170:
133:
123:
115:
1587:. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press.
1451:is described as a "SwStr" (side-wheel steamer) at
1227:
1225:
1107:South Carolina Department of Archives and History.
792:South Carolina Department of Archives and History.
728:"Battery White Identified as a Strategic Location"
707:South Carolina Department of Archives and History.
619:. In 2008, the site was re-opened to the public.
493:From Charleston, Union naval forces under Admiral
2103:Military units and formations established in 1862
1560:"The Harvest Moon: Georgetown’s sunken treasure".
1490:"Battery White is now open to the public again".
1274:is described as a "side-wheel steam gunboat" at
1246:
1244:
934:is described as a "431-ton (burden) gunboat" at
724:The History of Georgetown County, South Carolina
1415:
1413:
1624:
1301:is listed as "ScSlp" (screw sloop-of-war) at
1080:
1078:
290:rivers, which flow into the bay; and the two
8:
1188:South Carolina's Civil War Sesquicentennial.
868:
866:
742:
740:
580:On the morning of March 1, 1865, Dahlgren's
576:United Daughters of the Confederacy monument
1459:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1327:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1282:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1207:"The Civil War: How Drayton Hall Survived".
1152:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1102:McNulty, Kappy, and Donald R. Sutherland.
1021:"Department of South Carolina and Georgia".
2063:Military installations established in 1862
1631:
1617:
1609:
1142:is listed as a "ScGbt" (screw gunboat) at
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1011:vol. 2, pp. 727–30. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
48:
1640:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
898:Pemberton: The General who Lost Vicksburg
783:
781:
413:, in command of the Georgetown District.
37:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2078:South Carolina in the American Civil War
1392:Horry County Historical Society website.
1031:Organization of the Confederate Armies.
654:
1505:"1st Battalion 178th Field Artillery".
1178:"Civil War in South Carolina 1861–65".
873:"John Clifford Pemberton (1814–1881)".
262:The area offered a tempting target to
20:
2098:1862 establishments in South Carolina
1544:"Logbook of the U.S.S. Harvest Moon".
787:Power, J. Tracy, and Sherry Piland.
98:
73:
7:
697:"A Brief History of South Carolina".
617:National Register of Historic Places
229:National Register of Historic Places
609:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1570:South Carolina: Made For Vacation.
1475:"Memorial stone at Battery White".
1463:Naval History and Heritage Command
1331:Naval History and Heritage Command
1286:Naval History and Heritage Command
1156:Naval History and Heritage Command
944:Naval History and Heritage Command
14:
355:as military advisor to President
1698:
1691:
858:"American Civil War March 1862".
843:"Robert Edward Lee (1807–1870)".
97:
90:
72:
65:
1523:The Historical Marker Database.
1508:The Historical Marker Database.
1311:is described as a "gunboat" at
1037:at Wayback Machine, 2012-02-06.
876:Home of the American Civil War.
846:Home of the American Civil War.
713:at Wayback Machine, 2011-11-30.
1599:: includes visitor information
1388:Independent Republic Quarterly
359:. He was replaced by General
247:, an aide-de-camp to governor
216:. Built in 1862–63 to defend
180:
1:
317:Federal capture of Port Royal
227:The battery is listed in the
106:Show map of the United States
1333:; both retrieved 2014-04-16.
1072:Simmons (2009), pp. 109–110.
946:; both retrieved 2014-04-16.
18:United States historic place
1999:National Historic Landmarks
1534:Simmons (2009), pp. 150–51.
1374:Simmons (2009), pp. 146–48.
955:Simmons (2009), pp. 105–06.
887:Simmons (2009), pp. 103–04.
766:City of Georgetown website.
2124:
973:Simmons (2009), pp. 54–60.
964:Simmons (2009), pp. 19–20.
909:Simmons (2009), pp. 19–25.
812:Simmons (2009), pp. 13–14.
803:Simmons (2009), pp. 46–47.
702:November 30, 2011, at the
489:Columbiad at Battery White
325:Arthur Middleton Manigault
128:Georgetown, South Carolina
81:Show map of South Carolina
2007:
1689:
1254:; February 24, 1865. In
1026:February 6, 2012, at the
1007:History of South Carolina
179:NRHP reference
59:
47:
43:
34:
27:
23:
2073:American Civil War forts
1063:. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
1004:Cutler, Harry Gardner.
756:"History of Georgetown".
630:U.S. Navy divers survey
602:Battery White postbellum
476:Battle of Rivers' Bridge
472:William Tecumseh Sherman
2068:Forts in South Carolina
1583:Simmons, Rick (2009).
1465:, retrieved 2014-04-16.
1419:Simmons (2009), p. 148.
1288:, retrieved 2014-04-16.
1167:Simmons (2009), p. 116.
1158:, retrieved 2014-04-16.
1122:; October 5, 1864. In
1033:Retrieved 2011-09-16.
709:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
2012:Keeper of the Register
1663:Keeper of the Register
1493:Battery White website.
1478:Battery White website.
1385:"Thomas West Daggett".
1084:Simmons (2009), p. 60.
995:Simmons (2009), p. 56.
833:Simmons (2009), p. 18.
746:Simmons (2009), p. 11.
732:Battery White website.
685:Battery White website.
635:
577:
490:
421:
343:
308:
245:Ordinance of Secession
2032:Contributing property
1678:National Park Service
1658:Contributing property
1597:Battery White website
1572:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1549:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1525:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1510:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1495:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1480:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1407:Retrieved 2014-03-20.
1394:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1383:Lewis, Catherine H.
1219:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1217:Drayton Hall website.
1197:Retrieved 2011-09-17.
1109:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
896:Ballard, Michael B.
878:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
860:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
848:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
824:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
794:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
775:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
734:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
687:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
672:Retrieved 2011-09-15.
629:
575:
531:intendant and wardens
488:
419:
341:
311:In May 1861, General
300:
292:distributary channels
235:Island fortifications
155:33.30361°N 79.29389°W
1547:U.S.S. Harvest Moon.
942:. Both websites at
119:1228 Belle Isle Road
1520:"These Two Cannons"
982:Pemberton John C.,
313:P. G. T. Beauregard
208:constructed by the
160:33.30361; -79.29389
151: /
1565:2014-01-02 at the
1321:2014-04-16 at the
1212:2012-03-20 at the
1193:2012-04-02 at the
1183:2012-04-02 at the
1176:Power, J. Tracy.
771:2011-09-15 at the
761:2011-09-15 at the
668:2012-08-03 at the
636:
578:
541:32-pounders, four
491:
422:
407:James Chesnut, Jr.
344:
309:
214:American Civil War
2040:
2039:
2027:Historic district
1668:Historic district
584:, the side-wheel
361:John C. Pemberton
342:John C. Pemberton
241:Georgetown County
206:artillery battery
199:
198:
195:November 16, 1977
2115:
1973:North Charleston
1702:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1610:
1573:
1558:Holtcamp, Amy.
1556:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1526:
1517:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1481:
1472:
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1417:
1408:
1401:
1395:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1356:
1350:
1340:
1334:
1325:Both entries in
1295:
1289:
1268:
1262:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1220:
1204:
1198:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1136:
1130:
1116:
1110:
1100:
1085:
1082:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1018:
1012:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
980:
974:
971:
965:
962:
956:
953:
947:
916:
910:
907:
901:
894:
888:
885:
879:
870:
861:
855:
849:
840:
834:
831:
825:
819:
813:
810:
804:
801:
795:
785:
776:
753:
747:
744:
735:
720:
714:
694:
688:
679:
673:
659:
522:and the gunboat
495:John A. Dahlgren
420:James H. Trapier
411:James H. Trapier
182:
166:
165:
163:
162:
161:
156:
152:
149:
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1937:Williamsburg
1777:Chesterfield
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940:(1861–1865)"
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257:Santee River
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210:Confederates
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124:Nearest city
15:
1987:Other lists
1922:Spartanburg
1457:, entry in
1280:, entry in
1150:, entry in
682:"Location".
383:contrabands
212:during the
158: /
134:Coordinates
2047:Categories
1968:Greenville
1958:Charleston
1902:Orangeburg
1827:Greenville
1822:Georgetown
1802:Dorchester
1792:Darlington
1762:Charleston
1579:References
1061:chapter 28
663:NPS Focus.
598:of water.
543:smoothbore
427:Columbiads
347:Withdrawal
331:counties.
286:, and the
272:Charleston
268:Georgetown
253:Lowcountry
218:Winyah Bay
146:79°17′38″W
143:33°18′13″N
1978:Rock Hill
1887:McCormick
1872:Lexington
1857:Lancaster
1832:Greenwood
1812:Fairfield
1807:Edgefield
1782:Clarendon
1727:Allendale
1717:Abbeville
1710:by county
926:Albatross
920:Albatross
589:USS
524:USS
517:USS
499:USS
446:USS
431:ironclads
403:Vicksburg
375:USS
370:Albatross
368:USS
303:USS
1963:Columbia
1912:Richland
1892:Newberry
1882:Marlboro
1817:Florence
1787:Colleton
1767:Cherokee
1752:Berkeley
1747:Beaufort
1742:Barnwell
1732:Anderson
1563:Archived
1319:Archived
1210:Archived
1191:Archived
1181:Archived
1146:Potomska
1140:Potomska
1120:Potomska
1035:Archived
1024:Archived
769:Archived
759:Archived
711:Archived
700:Archived
666:Archived
582:flagship
480:Columbia
453:Potomska
448:Potomska
353:Richmond
284:Waccamaw
186:77001222
116:Location
1994:Bridges
1907:Pickens
1862:Laurens
1852:Kershaw
1837:Hampton
1772:Chester
1757:Calhoun
1737:Bamberg
938:Norwich
932:Norwich
930:. The
615:to the
596:fathoms
586:steamer
512:. The
459:Capture
377:Norwich
280:Pee Dee
220:on the
204:was an
1927:Sumter
1917:Saluda
1897:Oconee
1877:Marion
1847:Jasper
1797:Dillon
1651:Topics
1314:Nipsic
1309:Nipsic
1307:; the
1304:Pawnee
1299:Pawnee
1277:Mingoe
1272:Mingoe
1252:Mingoe
984:letter
634:, 1963
566:Mingoe
539:rifled
526:Nipsic
519:Pawnee
510:spiked
506:Mingoe
501:Mingoe
288:Sampit
282:, the
278:, the
251:urged
1932:Union
1842:Horry
1722:Aiken
1708:Lists
1329:, at
936:"USS
924:"USS
650:Notes
559:mines
329:Horry
276:Black
264:Union
171:Built
1942:York
1447:The
1297:The
1270:The
1138:The
918:The
373:and
174:1862
1867:Lee
1642:in
259:".
181:No.
2049::
1461:,
1424:^
1412:^
1284:,
1243:^
1224:^
1154:,
1089:^
1077:^
1059:,
865:^
780:^
739:^
730:,
433:.
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1618:v
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1363:,
1347:,
1316:.
1259:,
1236:,
1148:"
1144:"
1127:,
1009:,
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