394:
182:
It is probable that the character of the roll has been quite misunderstood. It was not apparently a list of individuals, but only of family surnames, and seems to have been intended to show merely which families had "come over with the
Conqueror," and to have been compiled in about the 14th century.
108:
attempts to vindicate the existence of an original roll and consists of short histories and discussions concerning the origins of several hundred
English families of Norman origin, based the names supposedly contained in the Battle Abbey Roll, as given in Holinshed's list, "the most spurious of them
522:
Douglas, David C., Companions of the
Conqueror, Jnl of History, vol.28, 1943, pp. 129–147; Douglas, D. C. & Greenaway, G. W. English Historical Documents 1042-1189, London, 1959, states the number of proven companions to be less than 35, but does not list them: "Express evidence vouching the
173:
Bliss compared the names given in 55 manuscripts and printed versions of lists of purported companions, and concluded that they all derived from three original lists, of which
Auchinleck was the earliest extant version of one. Foord has also compared several lists, including Auchinleck.
207:
until two centuries after the
Conquest. The roll itself appears to have been unheard-of before and after the 16th century, but other lists were current as early as the 15th century, as the Duchess of Cleveland noted citing in the introduction to her work the 1426
157:
There exists a copy of the Battle Abbey Roll which predates Leland's supposed copy by two centuries, which was not apparently known to the
Victorian antiquarians. It forms one section (folios 105v-107r) of the mid-14th-century manuscript known as the
236:, and is reproduced in the Duchess's work. Its contents are sufficient to show that the Battle Roll is of dubious evidential value. The fact remains that only 15 of the combatants at Hastings in 1066 can be named with certainty, as given in Cokayne's
73:, all imperfect and corrupt. Holinshed's is much the fullest, but of its 629 names several are duplicates. The versions of Leland and Duchesne, though much shorter, each contain many names found in neither of the other lists.
199:, Scotland. The compiler of the Battle Abbey Roll appears to have been influenced by the French sound of names, and to have included many families of later settlement, such as that of
488:
216:
in
Yorkshire, in which he announced his intention of giving a catalogue of those who came over with the Conqueror as contained in a "piece of old French verse".
481:
Foord, K: 'A Critique and
Comparison of ‘Companion Rolls of the Conquest’, some known as ‘Battle Abbey Rolls’, Battle and District Historical Society, 2019,
414:
409:
482:
335:
84:
after him, held them to have been interpolated at various times by the monks, "not without their own advantage." Later writers went further,
331:
253:
539:
241:
24:
485:
244:
has been expanded to 21 individuals by subsequent scholars, most notably D. C. Douglas in 1943, based on circumstantial evidence.
121:
101:
254:
Cleveland, Duchess of (Catherine
Powlett), The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages, 3 vols., London, 1889
163:
449:
233:
167:
523:
presence of particular persons at
Hastings can be found in the case of less than 35 persons" (p.227, footnote 2)
265:
89:
62:
354:
292:
85:
170:, who discovered the manuscript in 1740 and donated it to the precursor of the National Library in 1744.
134:
159:
42:
509:
196:
50:
32:
283:
200:
195:
made by English heralds in 1300 to record the knights present during King Edward I's siege of
70:
66:
399:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
321:
301:
46:
61:
It is known to modern historians only from supposed 16th century copies of it published by
470:
441:
358:
341:
81:
513:, new edition, vol. 12, postscript to Appendix L, pp.47-48: "Companions of the Conqueror"
144:
139:
213:
77:
533:
405:
400:
311:
229:
225:
109:
all." Her associated genealogies received approval from the meticulous genealogist
188:
166:. Produced in London in the 1330s, it acquired its name from its first known owner
110:
28:
113:(1895) who declared that her "elaborate work" has "much excellent genealogy".
364:
274:
460:
Auchinleck Manuscript, National Library of Scotland Advocates' MS 19.2.1.
184:
469:
Bliss, A. J.: 'The Companions of the Conqueror’ Litera, vol. III, 1956,
418:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 534.
37:
23:
is a commemorative list, lost since at least the 16th century, of the
224:
In 1866 a proposed list of the Conqueror's followers, compiled from
183:
Although 1066 was more than a century before the widespread use of
446:
Feudal England: Historical Studies of the XIth and XIIth Centuries
204:
351:
332:
The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages
126:
The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages
106:
The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages
27:, which had been erected or affixed as a memorial within
228:
and other authentic records, was set up in the church of
191:, common in the 13th and 14th centuries, for example the
88:denounced the roll as "a disgusting forgery," and
203:, which did not in fact come to England from
187:, it may have been an early precursor of the
8:
104:(1819–1901), published in 1889, entitled
92:dismissed it as "a transparent fiction."
387:
385:
383:
381:
76:Several names on the role are disputed;
377:
162:, one of the greatest treasures of the
361:eds. David Burnley and Alison Wiggins.
344:, "The Companions of the Conqueror" (
7:
430:Working in the Vineyard of Genealogy
242:Companions of William the Conqueror
25:companions of William the Conqueror
498:Cleveland, Intro., vol. I, p. viii
168:Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck
16:English Norman historical document
14:
392:
365:The Battle Abbey Roll Timekeeper
326:The Conqueror and His Companions
102:Wilhelmina, Duchess of Cleveland
348:, 1901, iii. pp. 91–111).
45:on the spot of the slaying of
1:
432:, Indianapolis, 1992, p. 224.
164:National Library of Scotland
128:, 3 volumes, London, 1889:
96:Duchess of Cleveland's work
556:
540:Norman conquest of England
210:Chronicle of John Brompton
153:Auchinleck Manuscript Roll
352:The Auchinleck Manuscript
288:Historia Norm. Scriptores
338:, 3 vols., London, 1889.
316:The Roll of Battle Abbey
306:Conquête de l'Angleterre
100:A three-volume work by
448:, London, 1895, p. 489
415:Encyclopædia Britannica
312:Sir John Bernard Burke
293:Samuel Egerton Brydges
487:, addendum (2021) at
367:(midgleywebpages.com)
279:Chronicles of England
240:, while this list of
160:Auchinleck manuscript
122:Cleveland, Duchess of
510:The Complete Peerage
336:Duchess of Cleveland
238:The Complete Peerage
193:Roll of Caerlaverock
95:
197:Caerlaverock Castle
145:Vol.3, London, 1889
140:Vol.2, London, 1889
135:Vol.1, London, 1889
86:Sir Egerton Brydges
57:Traditional sources
357:2009-02-08 at the
51:Battle of Hastings
484:, appendicies at
410:Battle Abbey Roll
318:(annotated, 1848)
308:, vol. ii. (1829)
297:Censura Literaria
21:Battle Abbey Roll
547:
524:
520:
514:
505:
499:
496:
490:
479:
473:
467:
461:
458:
452:
439:
433:
426:
420:
419:
398:
396:
395:
389:
302:Augustin Thierry
555:
554:
550:
549:
548:
546:
545:
544:
530:
529:
528:
527:
521:
517:
506:
502:
497:
493:
480:
476:
468:
464:
459:
455:
442:J. Horace Round
440:
436:
428:Willard Heiss,
427:
423:
408:, ed. (1911). "
404:
393:
391:
390:
379:
374:
359:Wayback Machine
342:J. Horace Round
262:
250:
234:Léopold Delisle
232:in Normandy by
222:
180:
155:
119:
98:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
553:
551:
543:
542:
532:
531:
526:
525:
515:
500:
491:
474:
462:
453:
434:
421:
406:Chisholm, Hugh
376:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
362:
349:
346:Monthly Review
339:
329:
319:
309:
299:
290:
284:André Duchesne
281:
272:
261:
258:
257:
256:
249:
246:
221:
218:
179:
176:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
142:
137:
118:
115:
97:
94:
58:
55:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
552:
541:
538:
537:
535:
519:
516:
512:
511:
504:
501:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
478:
475:
471:
466:
463:
457:
454:
450:
447:
443:
438:
435:
431:
425:
422:
417:
416:
411:
407:
402:
401:public domain
388:
386:
384:
382:
378:
371:
366:
363:
360:
356:
353:
350:
347:
343:
340:
337:
333:
330:
327:
323:
322:James Planché
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
298:
294:
291:
289:
285:
282:
280:
276:
273:
271:
267:
264:
263:
259:
255:
252:
251:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Dives-sur-Mer
227:
226:Domesday Book
219:
217:
215:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:rolls of arms
186:
177:
175:
171:
169:
165:
161:
152:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
127:
123:
116:
114:
112:
107:
103:
93:
91:
90:E. A. Freeman
87:
83:
79:
74:
72:
68:
64:
56:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
518:
508:
503:
494:
477:
465:
456:
445:
437:
429:
424:
413:
345:
325:
315:
305:
296:
287:
278:
269:
260:Bibliography
237:
223:
220:Modern lists
209:
192:
181:
172:
156:
125:
120:
111:Horace Round
105:
99:
75:
60:
43:Duke William
36:
29:Battle Abbey
20:
18:
270:Collectanea
266:John Leland
212:, Abbot of
47:King Harold
372:References
178:Assessment
35:, founded
507:Cokayne,
275:Holinshed
80:, as did
67:Holinshed
53:in 1066.
534:Category
355:Archived
214:Jervaulx
201:Grandson
185:heraldry
71:Duchesne
33:Hastings
403::
334:by the
248:Sources
117:Volumes
82:Dugdale
49:in the
38:ex-voto
397:
328:(1874)
78:Camden
63:Leland
205:Savoy
69:and
19:The
412:".
41:by
536::
444:,
380:^
324:,
314:,
304:,
295:,
286:,
277:,
268:,
124:,
65:,
31:,
472:.
451:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.