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490:(no. 1, 2004, pp. 124–125), that on 14 November 1494, Bencomo, not Tinguaro, was killed by Buendía. Francisco P. De Luka writes that on the slopes of San Roque in Laguna, Bencomo, armed with a lance, fought against ten Castilian soldiers, and that one Pedro Martín Buendía mortally wounded Bencomo with a pike. Tinguaro was injured in the fight at San Roque as well, but died two days later at Taoro.
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201:, practically without troops, as the Castilian forces had suffered between 1,000 and 2,000 casualties at the First Battle of Acentejo. At Gran Canaria, Fernández de Lugo established contact with the merchants Francisco de Palomar, Nicolás de Angelote, Guillermo del Blanco, and Mateo Viña in order to seek financial support for his planned conquest of Tenerife.
259:
471:
Bencomo, Acaymo, and
Tinguaro were all badly injured. They ordered their forces to retreat towards Tacoronte. The Castilians attacked again, preventing an orderly Guanche retreat. At the end of the day, Bencomo ordered a retreat towards the peak of San Roque, a move that would prevent cavalry attacks
475:
Tinguaro, injured in battle, continued to defend himself against seven horsemen as he retreated up the peak of San Roque. However, at the height of San Roque, a
Castilian soldier named Martín Buendía was waiting for him on a cliff. Buendía had arrived on the field of battle separately from the rest
380:
of Gracia, which was selected by Fernández de Lugo due to its height, dominating the plain, to the positions on the field taken by
Bencomo's contingent of troops. Based on this information, Buenaventura Bonnet believes that the battle took place in the area now known as Barrio del Timple, Barrio
533:
Some historians doubt that the death of
Bencomo occurred at this time, but most historians base the fact that he died at this time on the testimony of witnesses such as Margarita Guanarteme, who declared in 1526 that in the battle, "they killed the Great King who was called King Venitomo of
500:
In any case, Fernández de Lugo had the body decapitated. The head of the
Guanche prince was placed on a pike and Fernández de Lugo ordered it to be taken to the enemy camp. The Guanches of Acentejo received the head to honor it in a funeral ceremony; a retinue, which included Tinguaro's wife
329:
Bencomo sent two spies to observe the strength and size of the
Castilian forces. However, the spies were discovered by the Castilians, and Bencomo could not benefit from any intelligence regarding the enemy forces. This gave the Castilians an early advantage, although they suffered from the
333:
Fernández de Lugo was able to determine the movements of the
Guanche forces thanks to their campfires, and ordered the advance of his 70 horsemen and 1,000 soldiers up La Cuesta under the cover of darkness, gaining the highest point of La Cuesta without being seen by the enemy.
330:
disadvantage of advancing up a difficult height surrounded by
Guanche warriors. However, having garrisoned Santa Cruz, Fernández de Lugo decided to take a risk in advancing this way, while Bencomo did not have sufficient forces to cover a possible retreat or defeat.
216:. (Béthencourt Alfonso cites, however, 670 foot soldiers and 80 horsemen). Five hundred Castilian soldiers were added to this force, a group that included survivors of the First Battle of Acentejo and a small contingent sent by Doña Inés Peraza, a noblewoman of
174:. The Battle of Aguere was a Castilian victory; whereas in the First Battle of Acentejo the Guanches had been favored by their knowledge of the mountainous terrain, in this engagement, the native forces found themselves at a disadvantage on the plain of Aguere.
280:
In terms of strategy, the tableland of San Cristóbal de La Laguna was of vital importance to the conquest of the island. The path to reach the tableland from the coast, the path of La Cuesta, in those days was covered by thick vegetation that included
353:
Bencomo reorganized his forces and with 5,000 men rushed to what are now the outskirts of San Cristóbal, intending to cut off the
Castilians. However, before the Guanche forces could do this, Fernández de Lugo's army had already appeared before them.
1104:
508:
In one last and final stand, the reduced
Guanche forces, led by an injured Bencomo, tried to reach the heights of La Laguna, but they were cut to pieces by the Castilian cavalry. The cavalry was followed by the Castilian pikemen and
463:: "And then into the fray entered the horse, that monster that always put so much fear into the poor Indians... The result of those battles was always inevitable... Bencomo and his troops had to abandon the field of La Laguna."
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type). One of these rodeleros killed Bencomo, and hundreds of Guanche warriors also fell at this time. The Guanche survivors headed towards Taoro, and the next day elected Bencomo's son Bentor as their new king.
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The expedition, which Lugo had also funded with the sale of all of his properties, had landed at Santa Cruz, where he built two towers on the spot where he had constructed his first fort before his prior defeat.
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553:
By the end of the year, Fernández de Lugo would penetrate the north of the island at Taoro, where some 6,000 Guanches waiting for him at Acentejo. Fernández de Lugo would decisively defeat these forces at the
537:
In terms of Guanche casualties, Marín y Cubas cites 2,600, while Viana has a lower figure: 1,700 casualties. Figures on Castilian casualties are held as being between 30 and 55 dead and dozens of injured.
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The flat terrain of the plain of Aguere benefited the Castilians, and Bencomo's troops began to waver, suffering from a disorderly retreat, especially when the Guanche allies of the Castilians under
444:
and horsemen then attacked the Guanches who were fleeing the crossbow and harquebus fire. This first engagement lasted several hours, and consisted of continual frontal attacks by Bencomo's forces.
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After fortifying Santa Cruz, the Castilian marched on 13–14 November towards La Cuesta, a strategic high point to which the forces ascended to San Cristóbal de La Laguna from the coast.
859:
602:
Buenaventura Bonnet, La Batalla de La Laguna y la muerte de Tinguaro. Estudio Hermenéutica Histórica. Comisión provincial de Monumentos Históricos de Canarias, Tenerife ,1916.
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The next day the Guanche forces were surprised that the Castilians had ascended La Cuesta and were dominating the rising grounds in the midst of the plain of Aguere. The
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Fernández de Lugo garrisoned Santa Cruz to prevent a surprise attack. Meanwhile, the Guanches, alerted by inhabitants on the coast, gathered their forces. The
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it to Santa Cruz and made inquiries amongst the Guanche prisoners, the Guanches were unable to determine whether the body was that of Tinguaro or Bencomo.
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227:, who had given him ten more months to complete his conquest of the Canaries. During this time of regrouping, he also captured many
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483:, informing the Castilian of his status as a prince. Buendía, ignoring Tinguaro's entreaty, ran the Guanche through with a pike.
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Fernández de Lugo's forces included natives from the other Canary Islands, including the Christianized Guanche prince of
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758:
Berthelot, Sabino. Etnografía y Anales de la Conquista de Las Islas Canarias. Ed. Goya. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. 1978.
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The Castilians maintained Santa Cruz as their base of operations, with their fleet waiting there in case of a defeat.
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The battle began with an assault by the Guanche troops, who were armed with traditional weapons like the
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As it happened, the body of the fallen Guanche prince was so badly disfigured that when the Castilians
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However, some historians contradict this account. Francisco P. De Luka writes, in the magazine
326:, and gathered about 2,000 warriors at La Cuesta before the Castilians had reached that point.
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of the Castilian troops, and had walked from Santa Cruz via the ravines of Santos and Drago.
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Viera y Clavijo, Noticias de la Historia General de las Islas Canarias, tomos del I al IV
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Blanco, Joaquín. Breve Noticia Histórica de las Islas Canarias. Ed. Rueda. Madrid 1983.
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more than a month later, which resulted in the complete Castilian conquest of Tenerife.
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425:(a lance whose point was hardened by fire). They had no shields or armor, and wore the
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Revista de Historia 14 (82–83) 1948 Págs. 267–273 Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna
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545:, which is also said to have forced Fernández de Lugo to move towards Acentejo.
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Tinguaro, badly hurt and weakened by the loss of blood, spoke to Buendía in the
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La Batalla de La Laguna y la muerte de Tinguaro. Estudio Hermenéutica Histórica
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who mowed the attacking Guanche ranks with their projectiles. The Castilian
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212:, who contributed 600 soldiers and 30 horsemen, veterans of the conquest of
733:. Comisión provincial de Monumentos Históricos de Canarias, Tenerife, 1916.
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Map of Guanche menceyatos or kingdoms at the time of the Castilian conquest
780:
Acosta, José Juan; Rodríguez Lorenzo, Félix; L. Quintero, Carmelo Padrón,
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compared Fernández de Lugo's cavalry charge with the military actions of
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After the First Battle of Acentejo, Alonso Fernández de Lugo returned to
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101:
49:
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VV.AA. Historia de Canarias. Vol. I Ed. Prensa Ibérica. Valencia 1991.
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784:. Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Centro de la Cultura Popular Canaria, 1988.
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242:. The total force numbered about 1,200 men, with a small company of
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Guanche casualties are said to have been so high that it caused an
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558:. Bentor would commit suicide, throwing himself off the cliff of
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The Guanche center was commanded by Bencomo, the right flank by
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and about a dozen smaller ships, and headed towards the port of
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The Castilian force embarked from Gran Canaria on 6 November in
841:
170:
Fernández de Lugo had suffered defeat by Guanche forces at the
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513:("shield bearers"), who were equipped with steel shields or
472:
and where his men could defend themselves more effectively.
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Nuevo or Viña Nava, and the Urbanización de la Verdellada.
1213:
Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife
177:
The Battle of Aguere was later followed by the decisive
740:, en A. Cioranescu (ed) Goya ediciones, Tenerife, 1977
738:
Historia de la conquista de las siete islas de Canarias
505:, traveled to the kingdom of Taoro for this ceremony.
817:
RSEAPT: Real Sociedad de Amigos del País de Tenerife.
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Web de AMAGA, Perspectiva nacionalista de la batalla.
719:, Imprenta y librería de M. Curbelo, La Laguna, 1922.
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Noticias de la Historia General de las Islas canarias
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Documentos y bibliografía histórica sobre Canarias.
376:The Castilian army extended from the present-day
1178:Castle of San Cristóbal (Santa Cruz de Tenerife)
167:. The battle took place on 14-15 November 1494.
18:
467:Retreat of Guanche forces and Tinguaro's death
117:1,200 infantry, 70 knights, 600 Guanche allies
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75:Crown of Castile, Guanche and European allies
8:
1168:Archaeological Museum of Puerto de la Cruz
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717:Tenesor Semidan, o Don Fernando Guanarteme
223:Fernández de Lugo also had the support of
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724:Historia de Nuestra Señora de Candelaria
712:. Goya ediciones, 4 volúmenes, Tenerife.
681:Historia de Nuestra Señora de Candelaria
350:, Ortigal, and other bordering regions.
1100:Bienes de Interés Cultural (Las Palmas)
965:Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797)
960:Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1657)
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24:Part of Castilian conquest of Tenerife
1183:Centro de Fotografía Isla de Tenerife
1105:Bienes de Interés Cultural (Tenerife)
7:
1208:Museo de la Naturaleza y Arqueología
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432:The Castilian vanguard consisted of
145:Battle of San Cristóbal de La Laguna
147:, was fought between forces of the
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130:30–60 dead, many dozens injured
755:Lemus editor, La Laguna, 1997.
753:Historia del Pueblo Guanche II
669:, (Las Palmas, agosto de 1909)
613:Historia del Pueblo Guanche II
204:The group enlisted the aid of
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1223:Tenerife Espacio de las Artes
1173:Atlantic Center of Modern Art
945:Kingdom of the Canary Islands
615:Lemus editor, La Laguna, 1997
322:sent emissaries to the other
318:(the native term for a king)
206:Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán
1150:Church of San Juan Bautista
726:, Goya ediciones, Tenerife.
683:, Goya ediciones, Tenerife.
652:September 27, 2007, at the
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369:; and the left flank by
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89:Alonso Fernández de Lugo
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667:La Laguna de Tenerife
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392:; Fernando's brother
262:Statue of Bencomo at
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390:Fernando Guanarteme
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231:in Gran Canaria.
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1396:Bola canaria
949:
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196:
185:Preparations
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144:
140:
138:
120:6,000–11,000
70:Belligerents
1054:Achuhucanac
563: [
438:crossbowmen
1496:Categories
1338:Traditions
1286:Ropa vieja
573:References
534:Taoro..."
527:side-sword
495:translated
344:laurisilva
299:palm trees
153:Adelantado
133:2,000 dead
1449:Garajonay
1365:Holy Week
1241:Almogrote
1064:Chijoraji
1059:Chaxiraxi
1049:Achuguayo
1032:Mythology
1001:Languages
517:known as
511:rodeleros
406:menceyato
394:Maninidra
378:hermitage
367:Tacoronte
248:artillery
246:and some
218:Lanzarote
163:, called
1522:Tenerife
1380:Akelarre
1324:Chácaras
1291:Sancocho
1281:Pasteles
1266:Majorero
1261:Malvasia
1084:Tibicena
1013:Canarian
930:Conquest
920:Bimbache
915:Guanches
889:Category
650:Archived
543:epidemic
515:bucklers
402:Palmeros
398:Gomerans
371:Tinguaro
236:caravels
165:Guanches
161:Tenerife
112:Strength
106:Beneharo
102:Tinguaro
78:Guanches
50:Tenerife
41:Location
1502:Guanche
1296:Sangria
1233:Cuisine
1159:Museums
1069:Guayota
1044:Achamán
1017:Spanish
1008:Guanche
908:History
899:Commons
871:of the
560:Tigaiga
503:Guajara
442:pikemen
427:tamarco
324:menceys
320:Bencomo
295:heather
244:knights
214:Granada
94:Bencomo
1389:Sports
1329:Timple
1079:Maxios
993:G-clef
791:
773:
762:
744:
523:swords
519:rodela
488:Awañac
461:Mexico
419:banote
410:Güímar
363:mencey
359:Acaymo
338:Battle
315:mencey
303:dragos
229:slaves
208:, the
98:Acaymo
58:Result
1439:Teide
1306:Wines
1256:Gofio
1074:Magec
567:]
423:banot
307:savin
291:beech
287:broom
143:, or
1276:Mojo
789:ISBN
771:ISBN
760:ISBN
742:ISBN
521:and
436:and
139:The
33:Date
459:in
421:or
365:of
1498::
688:^
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569:.
565:es
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