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On 9 July, the
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notified the
Chinese government that he was prepared to lead his army into battle against the Japanese when they started the attack on Beijing. Immediately after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Ma Bufang arranged for a cavalry division under the Muslim General
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reported that, having exhausted every means of peaceful settlement, he had decided to use force to "chastise" the
Chinese 29th Route Army and requested approval from Tokyo. In the meantime, mobilization orders were issued for four more infantry divisions.
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entered the city on 18 August in a military parade, and posted proclamations at important points announcing that he was the new military governor of the city. Zhang was allowed to retain his position as mayor, but left the city secretly a week later.
1360:, between companies of Japanese and Chinese troops. A second clash occurred on 26 July, when a Japanese brigade attempted to force its way through Guanghuamen Gate in Beijing to "protect Japanese nationals". The same day Japanese planes bombed
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1737:
Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu
Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China. Pg.177-180 Map
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However, this was only a temporary respite, and by nightfall
General Song admitted that further combat was futile and withdrew the main force of Chinese 29th Army south of the Yungging River. Tianjin Major General
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in southern Hebei province. Over the next two days, intense fighting took place in
Tianjin, where the Chinese forces put up a stiff resistance, but subsequently the Chinese retreated south along the lines of the
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central government in
Nanjing. This secret diplomacy failed when elements within the Japanese military detained Konoe's emissary on 23 July, and the mobilization of reinforcements was restarted on 29 July.
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gallantly and also attacked a nearby
Japanese airfield, destroying many aircraft. However, with increasing Japanese reinforcements his position was untenable, and that night (30 July) General
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Zhang was vilified relentlessly by the
Chinese press, and reviled as a traitor. Upon arrival at Nanjing he apologized publicly. Since he later died fighting against the Japanese, the
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and three independent combined brigades launched an offensive against
Beijing, backed by close air support. The main attack was against Nanyuan and a secondary attack against
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On 4 August, General Liu Ruzhen's remaining forces withdrew into Chahar. Isolated, Beiping was captured by the Japanese without further resistance on 8 August 1937. General
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pushed back the Japanese in the Langfang area while a brigade of the Chinese 53rd Corps and a portion of the Chinese 37th Division recovered the railway station at
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within 24 hours. Song refused, ordered his units to prepare for action, and requested large reinforcements from the central government, which were not provided.
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commanding Chinese 132nd Division being killed, and their units suffering heavy casualties. However, a brigade of Chinese 38th Division under General
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The Japanese then issued an ultimatum to General Song demanding the withdrawal of all Chinese forces from the outskirts of Beijing to the west of the
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Despite the nominal truce, numerous violations of the ceasefire continued, including another shelling of Wanping by Japanese artillery on 14 July.
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and an air regiment as reinforcements. This deployment was rescinded on 11 July on news that negotiations were being held by the commander of the
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held an extraordinary cabinet meeting on 8 July, and resolved to attempt to defuse hostilities and settle the issue diplomatically. However, the
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provinces with virtually no troops. General Liu Ruzhen's New Separate 29th Brigade was left in Beijing to maintain public order.
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was helpless against the Japanese divisions which occupied it by the end of the year. The Chinese
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This article is about 1937 battle. For list of other battles also called "Battle of Beijing", see
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Military action of the Second Sino-Japanese War fought in the proximity of Beijing and Tianjin
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and the Chinese 29th Army on location, and with Japanese diplomats at the Chinese capital of
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30:"Battle of Tianjin" redirects here. For the other battle with a different romanization, see
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ordered his forces to hold their positions and attempted to avert war through diplomacy.
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From The Marco Polo Bridge To Pearl Harbor: A Study Of Japan's Entry Into World War II
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North China and Japanese Expansion 1933-1937: Regional Power and the National Interest
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sanctioned an imperial order to bring stability to the strategic areas in the region.
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made up the majority of the first cavalry division which was sent by Ma Bufang.
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War in the Far East. Volume 1: Storm clouds over the Pacific, 1931-1941
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War in the Far East. Volume 1: Storm clouds over the Pacific, 1931-1941
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1801:. Symposium on the History of the Republic of China. ASIN: B0007BJI7I.
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The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-41: From Marco Polo Bridge to Pearl Harbor
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and Japanese naval forces separately attacked Tianjin and the port at
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in an effort to establish a direct diplomatic settlement with the
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The riddle of the Marco Polo bridge: To verify the first shot
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On 27 July, as the Japanese laid siege to Chinese forces in
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was left in Beiping to take charge of political affairs in
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posthumously pardoned Zhang for the events in Beijing.
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By 25 July, Japanese reinforcements in the form of the
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to be sent east to battle the Japanese. Ethnic Turkic
1704:. Philadelphia Oxford: Casemate. pp. 103–105.
1378:, one Chinese battalion broke out and fell back to
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1420:Deputy Commander of Chinese 29th Army and General
1157:(25–31 July 1937) was a series of battles of the
1813:Discussion and Map of Peiking Tientsin Operation
1586:Documentary about the Battle of Beiping-Tianjin
1478:Meanwhile, on the coast at dawn of 29 July, the
1255:Meanwhile, the Japanese civilian government of
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148:
1679:. Philadelphia Oxford: Casemate. p. 103.
1547:was in constant retreat until the hard fought
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1356:, a city on the railroad between Beijing and
1294:, Commander of the 29th Army and head of the
1278:, two independent combined brigades from the
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8:
1818:International Military Tribunal Proceedings
1588:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dj7lWDz-sY8
1416:. Bitter fighting ensued with both General
1539:With the fall of Beijing and Tianjin, the
1462:On 29 July, the Japanese collaborationist
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172:gate in Beijing after capturing the city.
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
1466:troops mutinied against the Japanese in
1352:arrived and fighting reerupted first at
1062:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
1003:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
1840:Battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1579:
1322:One week later, the Commander of the
1173:. It resulted in a Japanese victory.
7:
1268:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff
72:adding citations to reliable sources
1510:ordered Song Zheyuan to retreat to
1246:Order of battle at Beiping–Tianjin
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1324:Japanese Northern China Area Army
1284:Japanese Northern China Area Army
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1601:"He Offers Aid to Fight Japan"
1296:Hebei-Chahar Political Council
1290:. However, even after General
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418:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)
1:
1599:Central Press (30 Jul 1937).
1138:, and by the Japanese as the
202:(1 month and 1 day)
1189:attacked the walled city of
1187:Japanese China Garrison Army
1870:Military history of Tianjin
1761:Dryburgh, Marjorie (2000).
1545:National Revolutionary Army
1161:fought in the proximity of
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846:North Burma and West Yunnan
83:"Battle of Beiping–Tianjin"
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1136:Peiking–Tientsin Operation
967:Military campaigns of the
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1784:. Public Affairs Press.
1159:Second Sino-Japanese War
1077:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
405:Second Sino-Japanese War
156:Second Sino-Japanese War
1875:Beijing in World War II
1855:20th century in Tianjin
1724:中村粲 『大東亜戦争への道』展々社,1990年
1700:Harmsen, Peter (2018).
1675:Harmsen, Peter (2018).
1251:Diplomatic maneuverings
1072:French Indochina (1940)
199:July 7 – August 8, 1937
1797:Furuya, Keiji (1981).
1651:"还原真实的西北群马之马步芳骑八师中原抗日"
1521:Beiping-Hankou Railway
899:West Henan–North Hubei
283:Commanders and leaders
1549:Battle of Taierzhuang
1517:Tianjin-Pukou Railway
1118:), also known as the
1780:Lu, David J (1961).
1742:Dorn, Frank (1974).
1185:on 8 July 1937, the
1140:North China Incident
68:improve this article
1765:. RoutledgeCurzon.
1341:Guanganmen Incident
1102:traditional Chinese
1048:Siberia (1918–1922)
826:Sichuan (cancelled)
1865:August 1937 events
1568:History of Beijing
1401:. On the same day
1094:simplified Chinese
616:Yellow River flood
530:Railway Operation
32:Battle of Tientsin
1835:Conflicts in 1937
1711:978-1-61200-480-8
1686:978-1-61200-480-8
1541:North China Plain
1498:to the Japanese.
1410:IJA 20th Division
1350:IJA 20th Division
1337:Langfang Incident
1331:Langfang Incident
1272:infantry division
1210:Kanichiro Tashiro
1132:Battle of Peiking
1128:Battle of Beijing
1124:Battle of Peiping
1120:Battle of Beiping
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85: –
84:
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79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
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57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
1822:
1798:
1781:
1762:
1743:
1720:
1701:
1695:
1676:
1670:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1645:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:the original
1620:
1610:December 12,
1608:. Retrieved
1604:
1594:
1582:
1553:
1538:
1525:
1506:On 28 July,
1505:
1477:
1461:
1434:
1426:Liu Chen-san
1407:
1373:
1366:
1347:
1344:
1321:
1308:Soviet Union
1292:Song Zheyuan
1254:
1218:
1206:
1202:Song Zheyuan
1199:
1195:Lugou Bridge
1180:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1089:
1087:
1055:Shōwa period
1053:
1052:
1029:
1028:
1023:Korea (1910)
982:Meiji period
980:
903:
889:
880:4th Changsha
871:
870:
863:
844:
837:
818:
786:3rd Changsha
784:
779:2nd Changsha
777:
772:South Shanxi
770:
763:
751:
728:
727:
720:
702:West Suiyuan
694:
680:
675:1st Changsha
673:
659:
652:
621:
614:
578:
564:
553:Pingxingguan
545:
518:2nd Shanghai
516:
506:
463:1st Shanghai
348:
329:
313:Song Zheyuan
241:
236:Belligerents
211:Vicinity of
170:Zhengyangmen
154:Part of the
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
1422:Zhao Dengyu
1383: [
1312:Sun Yat-sen
1276:Chosen Army
1181:During the
812:Yenangyaung
753:South Henan
747:South Anhui
688:Kunlun Pass
586:Taierzhuang
324:Zhao Dengyu
1829:Categories
1790:B000UV6MFQ
1661:2015-06-25
1636:2015-04-04
1574:References
1556:Kuomintang
1496:Taku Forts
1488:Taku Forts
1418:Tong Linge
1316:Kuomintang
1177:Background
905:West Hunan
857:Mount Song
839:West Hubei
759:West Hubei
634:Wenxi fire
629:Wanjialing
478:Great Wall
343:Tong Linge
263:East Hebei
194:1937-08-08
187:1937-07-07
94:newspapers
1535:Aftermath
1395:Zhengzhou
1304:Manchukuo
1274:from the
1225:Ma clique
1221:Ma Bufang
852:Myitkyina
832:1943–1945
715:1940–1942
610:Chongqing
496:1937–1939
441:Jiangqiao
424:Manchuria
124:June 2023
1562:See also
1519:and the
1468:Tongzhou
1376:Tongzhou
1362:Langfang
1354:Langfang
885:Hengyang
765:Shanggao
654:Nanchang
572:Massacre
365:~75,000+
362:180,000+
357:Strength
207:Location
1732:Sources
1512:Baoding
1430:Fengtai
1414:Beiyuan
1399:Luoyang
1391:Kaifeng
1380:Nanyuan
1358:Tianjin
1288:Nanjing
1230:Ma Biao
1223:of the
1191:Wanping
1171:Tianjin
1167:Beijing
1163:Beiping
925:Taihoku
918:Air War
911:Guangxi
873:Ichi-Go
865:Changde
807:Toungoo
797:Tachiao
598:Lanfeng
566:Nanking
547:Taiyuan
488:Suiyuan
451:Jinzhou
349:†
330:†
217:Tianjin
213:Beijing
108:scholar
1788:
1769:
1750:
1708:
1683:
1484:Tanggu
1446:Chahar
1169:) and
1134:, the
1112::
1110:pinyin
1104::
1096::
802:Oktwin
707:Wuyuan
667:Swatow
646:Hainan
641:Canton
580:Xuzhou
558:Xinkou
512:Chahar
456:Harbin
429:Mukden
345:
326:
224:Result
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
1442:Hebei
1387:]
1264:Tokyo
1260:Konoe
1165:(now
623:Wuhan
277:China
250:Japan
115:JSTOR
101:books
1786:ASIN
1767:ISBN
1748:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1612:2010
1444:and
1397:and
1339:and
1146:北支事変
1106:平津作戰
1098:平津作战
1088:The
605:Amoy
483:Rehe
181:Date
87:news
1262:in
70:by
1831::
1603:.
1551:.
1523:.
1432:.
1393:,
1385:zh
1364:.
1216:.
1149:,
1130:,
1126:,
1122:,
1108:;
1100:;
215:–
1792:.
1775:.
1756:.
1738:2
1714:.
1689:.
1664:.
1639:.
1614:.
1155:)
1143:(
1092:(
959:e
952:t
945:v
394:e
387:t
380:v
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192:(
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185:(
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:·
105:·
98:·
91:·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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