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to the SĆ¼dpark with the 273rd and 218th
Divisions, reinforced by two regiments from the 309th, forming the shock group; these units comprised the army's strongest divisions in terms of manpower, with the 218th and 309th numbering little more than 5,000 men and the 273rd with slightly above 5,400. Despite being at about half of the authorized strength like many Red Army units by this point in the war, these divisions were well equipped with submachine guns, reflecting Soviet infantry tactics, but had a shortage of heavy and light machine guns. Artillery totalling 572 guns was massed in the attack sector. A secondary attack was ordered on both banks of the Oder to eliminate the German defenses that extended along the river to the northwest. By the end of the first day of the attack, the shock group was planned to advance to the city center and reach the Stadtgraben, the old city moat. Another day was given for the storming of the
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1422:. Two brigades of the 7th Guards Mechanized Corps were involved in heavy night fighting, only restoring their positions by 11:00 on 14 February. The brief corridor created by the German attack enabled the escape of civilians trapped in Breslau in addition to the German soldiers, according to German historian Rolfe Hinze. With the city having been declared a fortress, thousands of forced laborers from local prisons and concentration camps were brought in to build defenses and clear rubble. Many would be executed or would die in the crossfire.
289:
1313:
bank of the
Vistula to the Oder bridgeheads by road. Despite securing vehicles from the units defending the bridgehead, the 6th Army scraped together just 170 vehicles to transport 350 tons of ammunition and 180 tons of fuel. By the morning of 8 February, artillery and mortar units had enough ammunition for between two and five units of fire and infantry guns enough for between one and a half and two units of fire. The only tank support for the army was provided by the
1448:, which defended the northern bank of the Oder. Beginning on 18 February, the 273rd Rifle Division and the reserve regiments of the 6th Army began relieving the units of the 5th Guards Army to the southeast of Breslau; the composition of the 6th Army remained unchanged for the rest of the siege. The 6th Army besieged the city with the 22nd and 74th Rifle Corps, and the 77th Fortified Region, as well as other smaller units. 50,000 German troops defended the city.
1460:; the German resistance rendered a speedy advance to the city center in a day unfeasible. The 218th began an attack on the key railway embankment in the southwest of the city on 18 February and captured it on the next day, bringing the Soviet forces within two miles of the city center. The 667th Rifle Regiment of the 218th advanced into the SĆ¼dpark but was forced to retreat back to the railway line on 20 February by a counterattack of the 55th
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1486:, post office, and telegraph. The intelligence directorate of the 6th Army estimated German strength at 18,060, with 141 guns and 45 tanks and assault guns at its disposal. To support the assault, the 280 mm mortars of the 315th Battalion were transferred from the northern sector to the southern sector of the 22nd Rifle Corps. The plan assumed that the forces involved would be ready by 20 February.
36:
1595:) of the National Committee for a Free Germany (NKFD), an organization formed mostly of the German POWs in the USSR, took part in combat on the side of the Red Army. It was one of the small units sent for reconnaissance and infiltration of German troops and subsequent disarmament and capture of the latter, or for auxiliary combat operations. Throughout 1944, NKFD created
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Mechanized and 57th Guards Tank
Brigades, outran their infantry support and advanced into the rear of the German defenses. The two forward brigades ran into fierce German resistance on the railway line from Breslau to the southwest on 10 and 11 February, with the 25th Guards Mechanized Brigade and 57th Guards bogged down at the
1503:
in the traditional manner ā two rifle regiment in the first echelon and the third in the second. The assault began at 08:00 with an artillery preparation of two hours and forty minutes. Between 22 and 23 February the 315th
Battalion fired 113 280 mm shells, at a relatively short range of four to 5.5 kilometers.
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to the
Soviets. During the siege, German forces lost 6,000 dead and 23,000 wounded defending Breslau, while Soviet losses were possibly as high as 60,000. Civilian deaths amounted to as many as 80,000. Breslau was the last major city in Germany to surrender, capitulating only two days before the end
1312:
The start of the attack of the 6th Army was delayed for two days, from 6 to 8 February, by the overstretched supply lines of the front, which resulted from the advances it made during the
VistulaāOder Offensive. Due to a lack of rail transport, fuel and ammunition had to be transported from the right
1502:
On the night of 21ā22 February, the forces of the 6th Army regrouped and took up jumping off positions for the impending assault. At this time, the 273rd had only two regiments present as the third was still marching into the city from the
Strigau area. The divisions of the 22nd Rifle Corps advanced
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Failing to storm the city, Gluzdovsky paused to prepare a thoroughly planned attack. According to the plan prepared by his headquarters on 18 February and approved by Konev a day later, the main attack on the city would be delivered from the south along a two-and-a-half kilometer front from
Oltashin
1547:
replaced Ahlfen as garrison commander. Niehoff held the position until the final surrender on 6 May 1945. On 22 February, 6th Army occupied three suburbs of
Breslau, and during the next day, the 6th Army troops were in the southern precincts of the city itself. By 31 March there was heavy artillery
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For the attack, one assault battalion in each regiment was specially formed for urban combat, totalling ten in the entire shock group, including the 22nd Rifle Corps reserve. Each assault battalion was ordered to include a rifle battalion, two 152 mm guns, and either two ISU-152 self-propelled
1412:
in
Rotsurben, a road junction to the south of Breslau. The encirclement was closed when the brigade's 12th Tank Regiment linked up near Rotsurben with the 252nd Tank Brigade of the 31st Tank Corps of the 5th Guards Army. A last breakout attempt was made on the night of 13ā14 February by elements of
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Local German communists called for an end to the resistance of the city in flyers. In a pamphlet titled the "Freiheits-KƤmpfer" (English: Freedom fighters) it called for an end to the fighting and told the local population "not to be afraid of the Red Army who came as liberators". Seventeen of the
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Nearly an hour of artillery bombardment, begun at 08:35 on 8 February, preceded the start of the 6th Army attack. Elements of the 7th Guards Mechanized Corps crossed to the bridgehead, accompanied by the artillery bombardment, and by 12:00 its first echelon, which consisted of the 24th Guards
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guns or 203 mm guns, a battery of 76 mm guns, and a sapper group with demolitions, a sapper group with obstacle clearing equipment, a group of backpack flamethrowers, a group of anti-tank riflemen, a sniper group, a machine gunner group, and a group of soldiers armed with captured
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Meanwhile, 22nd Rifle Corps commander Major General Fyodor Zakharov ordered his unit at midday on 14 February to capture the southwestern part of the city and advance to the city center by the end of the day. However, the corps' attacks on the Breslau outskirts in the following days proved
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s. For example, the three assault battalions of the 273rd totalled 872 men, with roughly half armed with submachine guns. The ISU-152s were drawn from the understrength 349th Guards Heavy Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, Gluzdovsky's only armored force, which fielded eight combat-ready
1611:
soldiers. The group successfully overpowered the guard posts, liquidated the SS commanders and persuaded the other German troops to surrender. Heavy combat took place which resulted in casualties on both sides, and the operation of the NKFD failed in its main objectives. Lieutenant
1430:
The infantry units of the 6th Army consolidated the advances of the 7th Guards Mechanized Corps between 14 and 16 February, solidifying the inner ring of the siege. The 7th Guards Mechanized Corps was withdrawn on the night of 15 February due to a German counterattack in the
1435:
area; by the evening of 14 February, Korchagin's command was down to 108 T-34s, nine ISU-122s, seventeen SU-85s, and thirteen SU-76s, showing its heavy losses in the encirclement of Breslau. In preparation for the transfer of the 5th Guards Army to another sector, its
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on 6 May and were marching when a train passed their route. Hanke and several other POWs ran to the train and clung on to it. The Czechs opened fire, with Hanke falling first while two other POWs slumped on the track. They were then beaten to death with rifle butts.
1293:. Gluzdovsky, who had been relieved of his army command for his performance in positional fighting in eastern Belarus during the winter of 1943ā1944, commanded the 6th Army on a secondary attack axis during the VistulaāOder Offensive. Marshal of the Soviet Union
1222:, then turned the city into a military fortress: Breslau was to be capable of a lengthy defense against the advancing Soviets. A large area of the city center was demolished and turned into an airfield. Late in January, a regiment of Hitler Youth (
1701:, 80 to 90 per cent of Breslau was destroyed . . . after the Soviet capture of the Gandauer airfield, the Wehrmacht destroyed many houses and three churches to build a provisional airstrip 200 to 400 meters wide and two kilometers long.
1297:, commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front, in a 31 January directive, ordered the 6th Army to attack the rear of the German forces defending Breslau, and to capture the city within four days of the beginning of the attack, part of the
1393:, to the east of the 10ā11 February counterattack as the former was the narrowest part of the encirclement, where the outer and inner rings were separated by only 30 kilometers. It achieved temporary success with the capture of
1495:
self-propelled guns with six under repair on 19 February. The 6th Army headquarters further recommended that subordinate commanders form assault groups integrating single rifle companies with artillery ā operating in
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1417:
and other units trapped in Breslau, who attacked the inner ring of the encirclement. Simultaneously, the 19th Panzer Division again attacked the outer ring, with both German forces meeting in the area of
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444:
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river, securing the outer encirclement ring. At 14:00 on 13 February, the 309th Rifle Division, after repulsing the German counterattack, began advancing on Breslau from the southwest.
1672:
1377:, early on 12 February. The bringing up of infantry units strengthened the Soviet defense on the outer edge of the partial encirclement. Another German counterattack, involving the
1676:
1358:, but were stopped. During the same days, the corps' 24th and 26th Guards Mechanized Brigades, holding defensive positions, were struck by a German tank counterattack between
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2672:
1366:; the latter attempted to break through to Breslau and prevent the encirclement, although the failure of the Soviet attack soon made further counterattacks meaningless.
2763:
1552:, Dr. Konrad, Bishop Ferche, and Canon Kramer ā demanded that Niehoff surrender the town. Hanke ordered Niehoff not to have any further dealings with the clergy.
1397:, but was soon pushed back to its jumping-off positions by a Soviet counterattack on its flank. The German situation further deteriorated with the arrival of the
1716:
437:
2548:
1204:
On 19 January 1945, the civilian population was forced to leave. Many thousands died in the bitter cold of the makeshift evacuation; many more arrived in
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1401:, which approached the fighting from the west and north, pushing the German forces further to the south and taking up defensive positions on the line of
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430:
1468:, supported by the garrison's assault guns. An exaggerated account of the Hitler Youth counterattack was published in the Nazi propaganda newspaper
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Unconditional surrender of the city Breslau garrison on 6 May, followed by the unconditional surrender of all German forces two days after (see
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station and Koberwitz village and station, respectively. They suffered heavy losses in tanks and men to German tanks and artillery, as well as
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Villa Colonia at Rapacki Street 14 (former Kaiser-Friedrich-Strasse), where the instrument of surrender for the Breslau garrison was written
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1157:. From 13 February 1945 to 6 May 1945, German troops in Breslau were besieged by the Soviet forces which encircled the city as part of the
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At 08:00 on 13 February a patrol from the corps' 25th Guards Mechanized Brigade discovered a self-propelled artillery regiment of the
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Not only because of Soviet aerial and artillery bombardment, but also as a result of the self-destructive actions of the SS and the
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became the garrison commander of Fortress Breslau. Ahlfen, who commanded for only three weeks, had been personally selected by the
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The Siege of Breslau consisted of destructive house-to-house street fighting. The city was bombarded to ruin by artillery of the
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2113:""Freies Deutschland" Guerrilla Warfare in East Prussia, 1944-1945: A Contribution to the History of the German Resistance"
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On 2 February 1945, Hanke presented colors to the newly formed Home Guard units in Breslau. On the same day, Major General
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uniforms. The group sent to Breslau consisted of approximately 80 people; upon arrival, they pretended to be scattered
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1314:
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1309:. However, the capture of Breslau would secure a crucial road junction, ensuing uninterrupted supply of the front.
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1301:. The Breslau attack was not a priority for Konev, as the same directive also tasked his troops with reaching the
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fired from house basements. Combining their attacks, the 25th and 57th Guards broke through between Domslau and
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68:
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in the uniform of an SS private, to conceal his identity in the event of capture. The group surrendered to
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2746:
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1233:
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515:
1440:, advancing on Breslau from the east, was transferred to the 6th Army. The latter also received the 77th
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and flak units, began at 18:20 on that day, lasting until 13 February; this extended from Kostenblut to
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in Germany. A small German minority still remains in the city. The post-war Polish mayor of WrocÅaw,
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737:
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plane kept in reserve for General Niehoff. On 6 May, after 82 days of siege and shortly before the
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tank destroyer ā almost at its authorized strength. Only six T-34s were listed as under repair.
2365:
Hitler's Fortresses in the East: The Sieges of Ternopol', Kovel', Poznan and Breslau, 1944ā1945
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93:
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510:
1727:, arrived in the city four days after the surrender, on 10 May, finding the city in ruins.
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in the aftermath of the war and renamed WrocÅaw. Most of the German inhabitants in WrocÅaw
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fire into the north, south, and west of Breslau suburbs. On 4 May the clergy of Breslau ā
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893:
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341:
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allowed the Soviet forces to encircle Breslau. Breslau fell in the sector of the Soviet
17:
2623:
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August 1945 report of damage to Breslau by employees of the Saxony state administration
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members of the resistance group were executed on Gauleiter Hanke's orders.
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Delegation of German officers walking to negotiations for capitulation of
1603:; members of the Combat Groups carried German weapons and were dressed in
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2203:"So kƤmpfte Breslau;" General von Ahlfen and General Niehoff, page 109
1844:
VerbƤnde und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939 - 1945
1452:
unsuccessful. The 309th overcame the LohbrĆ¼ckāOpperau line, while the
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2438:
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made more than 2,000 sorties with supplies and food. More than 1,638
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1237:
195:
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1858:
HITLER'S FINAL FORTRESS - BRESLAU 1945 (2011) -- Richard Hargreaves
2056:[Hitlers Gauleiter celebrates a party before he escaped].
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1334:
1330:
1134:
1322:
1302:
1274:
422:
2385:
1183:), and ordered that it must be defended at all costs. He named
1161:. The German garrison's surrender on 6 May was followed by the
1073:
1005:
426:
1833:
Soviet General Staff Official Order of Battle for 1 March 1945
29:
1673:
18th SS-Freiwilligen-Panzer-Grenadier-Division "Horst Wessel"
2255:, Vol. 10/2, p. 586, MĆ¼nchen: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2008
27:
1945 siege of the German city of Breslau during World War II
2346:
Fortress cities of the Third Reich: Battle for the festungs
2180:
The Free Germany Movement: A Case of Patriotism Or Treason?
1543:) of supplies were delivered. On 2 March, Infantry General
2381:
2211:
2209:
1599:, and as 1945 began, it was allowed for the NKFD to form
2815:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Germany
1531:
to the besieged garrison. For 76 days, until 1 May, the
1474:
in an attempt to show the resolution of the defenders.
1369:
The 24th and 26th Guards Brigades were relieved by the
417:
44,848 captured, including 6,678 - 12.000 hospitalised
1952:
1950:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1518:, and the destruction caused by the German defenders.
1499:
mode ā and sappers to capture fortified strongpoints.
1889:
1887:
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1883:
1881:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1846:, Vol. 14, pp. 24-25, OsnabrĆ¼ck: Biblio Verlag, 1980
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The capture of a bridgehead on the west bank of the
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1092:
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2273:
1664:of the war in Europe. Gauleiter Hanke had fled to
2342:ŠŠ¾ŃŠ¾Š“Š°-ŠŗŃŠµŠæŠ¾ŃŃŠø Š¢ŃŠµŃŃŠµŠ³Š¾ ŃŠµŠ¹Ń
Š°: ŠŠøŃŠ²Š° Š·Š° ŃŠµŃŃŃŠ½Š³Šø
2054:"Hitlers Gauleiter feierte Partys, bevor er floh"
1556:Involvement of the NKFD and the German resistance
1197:since 1941, to be the city's "Battle Commander" (
2673:Museum of Natural History, University of WrocÅaw
174:13 February ā 6 May 1945 (2 months, and 24 days)
2790:Battles and operations of the SovietāGerman War
1695:
138:
2397:
2319:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944-1945
1854:
1852:
1647:Hanke flew out to Prague on 5 May in a small
438:
8:
2253:Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg
162:German troops in Breslau on 2 February 1945
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2404:
2390:
2382:
2215:
1968:
1941:
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1002:
445:
431:
423:
135:
1177:declared the city of Breslau a fortress (
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1623:, was killed on 5 May while leading the
1228:) was sent to reinforce the garrison of
2017:
2015:
2013:
1768:
1321:, which late on 7 February fielded 186
1105:Two anti-aircraft artillery battalions
2297:Hitler's Final Fortress: Breslau 1945
2227:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1956:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1872:
1782:
1668:by the time of the city's surrender.
281:National Committee for a Free Germany
7:
2111:Biddiscombe, Perry (February 2004).
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2678:Museum of the University of WrocÅaw
2348:] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza.
1719:between 1945 and 1949 and moved to
1587:In May 1945, a small Combat Group (
2025:[Stalingrad on the Oder].
1653:unconditional surrender of Germany
1289:, commanded by Lieutenant General
1159:Lower Silesian Offensive Operation
25:
2805:Sieges involving the Soviet Union
2299:(1st ed.). Stackpole Books.
2457:
2052:BĆ¼scher, Wolfgang (6 May 2015).
1822:Die Nachkriegszeit in Schlesien.
1809:Die Nachkriegszeit in Schlesien.
1796:Die Nachkriegszeit in Schlesien.
1236:(which included volunteers from
1075:Fortress Breslau (February 1945)
521:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
388:
378:
369:
347:
335:
315:
287:
274:
262:
156:
34:
2549:Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene
1742:German World War II strongholds
45:needs additional citations for
2830:February 1945 events in Europe
2716:WrocÅaw GÅĆ³wny railway station
2084:[Breslau Apocalypse].
1717:fled or were forcibly expelled
1671:Hanke attached himself to the
1659:, General Niehoff surrendered
1163:surrender of all German forces
1055:One heavy assault gun regiment
1007:Soviet 6th Army (1 March 1945)
1:
1373:, fresh from the fighting at
1155:end of World War II in Europe
243:end of World War II in Europe
2295:Hargreaves, Richard (2011).
2240:Hamburger Allgemeine Zeitung
2153:An der Seite der Roten Armee
1333:self-propelled gun, and the
1103:"Breslau" Artillery Regiment
1057:62nd Engineer-Sapper Brigade
2835:March 1945 events in Europe
2721:WrocÅaw central bus station
2617:WrocÅaw Multimedia Fountain
2554:Four Denominations District
1711:Breslau was transferred to
1521:On 15 February, the German
1315:7th Guards Mechanized Corps
1212:, aided by the Home Guard (
1165:two days after the battle.
1047:159th Gun-Artillery Brigade
2861:
2607:WrocÅaw Exhibition Grounds
2520:Aleksander Fredro Monument
2367:. Pen and Sword Military.
1579:killed in combat with the
1325:tanks, and 21 each of the
1153:, Poland), lasting to the
1053:One anti-aircraft regiment
2764:Universities and colleges
2455:
2162:
1133:, was a three-month-long
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398:
362:
301:
255:
166:
155:
143:
2800:Sieges involving Germany
2163:ŠŠ° ŃŃŠ¾ŃŠ¾Š½Šµ ŠŃŠ°ŃŠ½Š¾Š¹ Š°ŃŠ¼ŠøŠø
2023:"Stalingrad an der Oder"
1299:Lower Silesian Offensive
1109:Five engineer battalions
1101:Two parachute battalions
412:24,427 - 33,000 wounded
18:Battle of Breslau (1945)
2795:Breslau in World War II
2579:National Forum of Music
2177:Kai Schoenhals (1989).
1721:Allied Occupation Zones
1415:269th Infantry Division
1341:Encirclement of Breslau
1117:Three signal battalions
1045:31st Artillery Division
2820:Sieges of World War II
2668:Museum of Architecture
2527:St. Elizabeth's Church
2363:Isaev, Alexey (2021).
2340:Isaev, Alexei (2018).
2276:Red Storm on the Reich
2082:"Breslauer Apokalypse"
1757:SS Fortress Regiment 1
1709:
1693:
1644:
1592:
1584:
1464:Battalion, made up of
1317:of Lieutenant General
1283:VistulaāOder Offensive
1255:of Army Group Center (
1234:SS regiment "Besslein"
1107:One antitank battalion
1049:Two antitank regiments
1039:ā¢ 181st Rifle Division
1035:ā¢ 309th Rifle Division
1033:ā¢ 273rd Rifle Division
1031:ā¢ 218th Rifle Division
409:7,177 - 13,000 killed
302:Commanders and leaders
2559:White Stork Synagogue
2150:Willy Wolff (1976) .
2117:German Studies Review
1691:
1638:
1567:
1471:Vƶlkischer Beobachter
1383:19th Panzer Divisions
399:Casualties and losses
2574:Cupid on the Pegasus
1824:Bƶhlau, 2000. S. 18.
1820:Andreas R. Hofmann:
1811:Bƶhlau, 2000. S. 18.
1807:Andreas R. Hofmann:
1798:Bƶhlau, 2000. S. 18.
1794:Andreas R. Hofmann:
1752:Second Army (Poland)
1568:Grave of Lieutenant
1516:Soviet 18th Air Army
1454:218th Rifle Division
1438:294th Rifle Division
1399:273rd Rifle Division
1371:309th Rifle Division
1129:, also known as the
1043:359th Rifle Division
1041:294th Rifle Division
54:improve this article
2752:Battle of Psie Pole
1512:Soviet 2nd Air Army
1291:Vladimir Gluzdovsky
1279:1st Ukrainian Front
1051:One mortar regiment
1018:1st Ukrainian Front
728:OstrogozhskāRossosh
629:BarvenkovoāLozovaya
323:Vladimir Gluzdovsky
213: /
2742:History of WrocÅaw
2564:WrocÅaw University
2485:RacÅawice Panorama
2270:Duffy, Christopher
2251:Michael Schwartz,
1694:
1645:
1585:
1263:Ferdinand Schƶrner
1258:Heeresgruppe Mitte
1253:Commander-in-Chief
1244:) also took part.
923:Western Carpathian
863:2nd JassyāKishinev
833:1st JassyāKishinev
818:LeningradāNovgorod
813:DnieperāCarpathian
69:"Siege of Breslau"
2840:April 1945 events
2810:Conflicts in 1945
2772:
2771:
2649:
2648:
2537:WrocÅaw Cathedral
2510:WrocÅaw Town Hall
2355:978-5-9955-0993-6
2092:. 25 January 2011
1510:, as well as the
1131:Battle of Breslau
1122:
1121:
1067:
1066:
997:
996:
421:
420:
251:
250:
217:51.117Ā°N 17.033Ā°E
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2852:
2757:Siege of Breslau
2711:Trams in WrocÅaw
2602:Szczytnicki Park
2532:Cathedral Island
2500:WrocÅaw Old Town
2473:
2461:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2383:
2378:
2359:
2336:
2310:
2291:
2279:
2256:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2019:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1859:
1856:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1747:Prague Offensive
1725:BolesÅaw Drobner
1707:
1627:in this combat.
1622:
1578:
1442:Fortified Region
1403:Strigauer Wasser
1173:In August 1944,
1127:siege of Breslau
1071:
1061:Fortified Region
1037:74th Rifle Corps
1029:22nd Rifle Corps
1003:
889:PetsamoāKirkenes
767:Belgorod-Kharkov
733:VoronezhāKharkov
457:
447:
440:
433:
424:
393:
392:
383:
382:
374:
373:
352:
351:
340:
339:
330:Festung Breslau:
320:
319:
297:
293:
291:
290:
279:
278:
268:
266:
265:
228:
227:
225:
224:
223:
218:
214:
211:
210:
209:
206:
168:
167:
160:
139:Siege of Breslau
136:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2845:May 1945 events
2785:1945 in Germany
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2725:
2706:WrocÅaw Airport
2692:
2683:National Museum
2645:
2641:WrocÅaw Stadium
2612:Centennial Hall
2585:
2477:
2462:
2453:
2415:
2410:
2375:
2362:
2356:
2339:
2333:
2313:
2307:
2294:
2288:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2216:Hargreaves 2011
2214:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2129:10.2307/1433548
2110:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2021:
2020:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1969:Hargreaves 2011
1967:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1942:Hargreaves 2011
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1879:
1871:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1770:
1765:
1737:Courland Pocket
1733:
1708:
1705:
1686:
1677:Czech partisans
1661:Festung Breslau
1649:Fieseler Storch
1641:Festung Breslau
1633:
1616:
1572:
1558:
1545:Hermann Niehoff
1508:Soviet 6th Army
1482:as well as the
1428:
1410:5th Guards Army
1395:Gross Peterwitz
1343:
1271:
1249:Hans von Ahlfen
1230:Festung Breslau
1220:slave labourers
1199:Kampfkommandant
1171:
1137:of the city of
1123:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1020:
1008:
1000:
999:
998:
993:
987:Prague uprising
970:BratislavaāBrno
960:MoraviaāOstrava
850:LvovāSandomierz
678:RzhevāSychyovka
506:BiaÅystokāMinsk
458:
453:
451:
387:
377:
376:
368:
358:
354:Hermann Niehoff
346:
342:Hans von Ahlfen
334:
327:
314:
288:
286:
285:
273:
272:
263:
261:
237:Soviet victory
221:
219:
215:
212:
207:
204:
202:
200:
199:
198:
161:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2858:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2497:
2495:WrocÅaw Dwarfs
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2374:978-1526783950
2373:
2360:
2354:
2337:
2331:
2311:
2306:978-0811715515
2305:
2292:
2286:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2244:
2232:
2230:, p. 265.
2220:
2205:
2196:
2189:
2169:
2142:
2103:
2073:
2044:
2033:. 3 March 2005
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1971:, p. 128.
1961:
1946:
1944:, p. 127.
1934:
1922:
1920:, p. 254.
1910:
1898:
1877:
1860:
1848:
1842:Georg Tessin,
1835:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1785:, p. 185.
1767:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1703:
1685:
1682:
1632:
1629:
1557:
1554:
1480:central island
1427:
1424:
1342:
1339:
1319:Ivan Korchagin
1305:and capturing
1270:
1267:
1170:
1167:
1120:
1119:
1099:609th Division
1097:408th Division
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
995:
994:
992:
991:
990:
989:
979:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:East Pomerania
947:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
912:
911:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
859:
852:
847:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
808:
804:
803:
798:
793:
786:
785:
784:
774:
769:
764:
759:
752:
747:
742:
735:
730:
725:
717:
716:
712:
711:
704:
697:
692:
685:
680:
675:
670:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
641:ToropetsāKholm
638:
631:
626:
620:
619:
615:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
593:
592:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
490:
489:
485:
484:
479:
474:
468:
467:
463:
460:
459:
452:
450:
449:
442:
435:
427:
419:
418:
415:
414:
413:
410:
401:
400:
396:
395:
385:
365:
364:
360:
359:
357:
356:
344:
331:
328:
326:
325:
311:
304:
303:
299:
298:
283:
258:
257:
253:
252:
249:
248:
247:
246:
234:
230:
229:
222:51.117; 17.033
182:
180:
176:
175:
172:
164:
163:
153:
152:
141:
140:
134:
133:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2857:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:Urban warfare
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Bear Fountain
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:Market Square
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2332:0-333-90836-8
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:Hastings, Max
2312:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2287:0-689-12092-3
2283:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2242:, 11 May 1949
2241:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2190:9780313263903
2186:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2091:
2088:(in German).
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2032:
2029:(in German).
2028:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2007:, p. 85.
2006:
2001:
1998:
1995:, p. 84.
1994:
1989:
1986:
1983:, p. 83.
1982:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1959:, p. 82.
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1932:, p. 81.
1931:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1908:, p. 80.
1907:
1902:
1899:
1896:, p. 79.
1895:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:, p. 78.
1874:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1702:
1700:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1550:Pastor Hornig
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1225:Hitler-Jugend
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:Lower Silesia
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1114:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1062:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:
978:
977:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:
914:
913:
909:
908:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
864:
860:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
846:
845:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
806:
805:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
791:
787:
783:
780:
779:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
740:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
723:
719:
718:
714:
713:
710:
709:
708:Little Saturn
705:
703:
702:
698:
696:
695:Velikiye Luki
693:
691:
690:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
668:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
636:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
617:
616:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
591:
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2569:Royal Palace
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1657:World War II
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1643:, 6 May 1945
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1539:(1,486
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1466:Hitler Youth
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1352:panzerfausts
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928:East Prussia
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526:1st Smolensk
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482:Arctic Ocean
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270:Soviet Union
256:Belligerents
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188:Nazi Germany
150:World War II
144:Part of the
131:
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2624:WrocÅaw Zoo
2544:Sand Island
2478:city center
2468:Attractions
2090:Der Spiegel
2062:(in German)
1625:Kampfgruppe
1617: [
1614:Horst Vieth
1593:Kampfgruppe
1573: [
1570:Horst Vieth
1527:started an
1497:direct fire
1492:Panzerfaust
1385:as well as
1281:during the
1242:Netherlands
1210:German Army
1081:Parent unit
1013:Parent unit
750:Gorky Blitz
745:3rd Kharkov
661:2nd Kharkov
563:1st Kharkov
558:Sea of Azov
220: /
2779:Categories
2688:Ossolineum
2663:Hydropolis
2629:Africarium
2263:References
2228:Duffy 1991
2086:spiegel.de
2005:Isaev 2018
1993:Isaev 2018
1981:Isaev 2018
1957:Isaev 2018
1930:Isaev 2018
1918:Duffy 1991
1906:Isaev 2018
1894:Isaev 2018
1873:Isaev 2018
1783:Isaev 2021
1537:short tons
1484:university
1462:Volkssturm
1387:Volkssturm
1364:Kostenblut
1295:Ivan Konev
1215:Volkssturm
1185:Karl Hanke
1169:Background
1115:Battalions
1113:Volkssturm
1093:Components
1025:Components
874:2nd Baltic
869:Dukla Pass
856:Doppelkopf
828:2nd Crimea
772:2nd Donbas
762:1st Donbas
739:Polar Star
689:Stalingrad
573:Sevastopol
568:1st Crimea
511:1st Baltic
495:Barbarossa
472:Baltic Sea
110:April 2015
80:newspapers
2698:Transport
2636:Wroclavia
2597:Sky Tower
2590:Elsewhere
2449:Psie Pole
2444:Fabryczna
2323:Macmillan
1763:Citations
1684:Aftermath
1631:Surrender
1609:Wehrmacht
1605:Wehrmacht
1601:companies
1597:commandos
1581:Wehrmacht
1533:Luftwaffe
1524:Luftwaffe
1446:52nd Army
1444:from the
1356:Koberwitz
1190:Gauleiter
1086:17th Army
899:Gumbinnen
844:Bagration
683:Sinyavino
667:Case Blue
552:Leningrad
477:Black Sea
2747:Timeline
2476:Historic
2434:Downtown
2429:Old Town
2421:Boroughs
2317:(2004).
2272:(1991).
2096:29 March
2066:29 March
2059:Die Welt
2037:29 March
2031:Die Zeit
1731:See also
1704:ā
1583:on 5 May
1514:and the
1458:Krietern
1375:Liegnitz
1287:6th Army
1240:and the
944:Solstice
904:Budapest
894:Courland
884:Debrecen
879:Belgrade
801:2nd Kiev
673:Caucasus
646:Demyansk
607:Chechnya
541:1st Kiev
363:Strength
308:6th Army
179:Location
2655:Museums
2413:WrocÅaw
2159:Russian
2137:1433548
2027:zeit.de
1529:airlift
1433:Strigau
1348:Domslau
1327:ISU-122
1277:by the
1269:Prelude
1206:Dresden
1195:Silesia
1180:Festung
1151:WrocÅaw
1147:Germany
1139:Breslau
938:Breslau
933:Silesia
838:Karelia
790:Dnieper
656:Bamberg
597:Finland
546:Tallinn
405:31,604
295:Germany
208:17Ā°02ā²E
205:51Ā°07ā²N
192:WrocÅaw
184:Breslau
94:scholar
2490:Renoma
2439:Krzyki
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2166:].
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1713:Poland
1666:Prague
1589:German
1307:Berlin
1238:France
1218:) and
1208:. The
982:Prague
976:Berlin
965:Vienna
782:Lenino
624:Lyuban
589:Moscow
578:Rostov
536:Odessa
394:50,000
375:87,334
321:
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233:Result
196:Poland
190:, now
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2730:Other
2344:[
2156:[
2133:JSTOR
1699:NSDAP
1621:]
1577:]
1456:took
1426:Siege
1391:Kanth
1335:SU-85
1331:SU-76
1149:(now
1135:siege
1059:77th
823:Narva
796:Nevel
756:Kursk
722:Iskra
651:Kholm
635:Rzhev
602:Kerch
583:Gorky
516:Brody
501:Brest
101:JSTOR
87:books
2369:ISBN
2350:ISBN
2327:ISBN
2301:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2098:2016
2068:2016
2039:2016
1420:Tinz
1413:the
1381:and
1362:and
1329:and
1323:T-34
1303:Elbe
1275:Oder
1125:The
910:1945
807:1944
715:1943
701:Mars
618:1942
531:Uman
488:1941
384:ā 80
171:Date
73:news
2125:doi
1655:in
1379:8th
1261:),
1201:).
1193:of
1141:in
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2012:^
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1771:^
1619:pl
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