1685:. Ormonde's men initially encamped beyond the town, but the mistake was to allow them to return to it. The troops found the town full of unguarded warehouses stuffed full of goods, and the cellars full of wine and brandy, most of which was owned by English and Dutch merchants doing business under Spanish names. The men helped themselves, lost control, and fell to looting, destroying, and plundering, not just the warehouses, but also convents and churches. Prince George despaired and sent home a report damning the conduct of the officers, particularly Ormonde's subordinates,
1597:. Both the Prince and Paul Methuen (who had also joined the expedition), reported to Rooke that Cádiz was poorly defended, but the admiral's own intelligence, received from captured fisherman, suggested that a powerful garrison of Spanish regulars had already strengthened the city. Allied doubts about the real strength opposing them were exacerbated by the Spanish stratagem of lighting extensive fires along the heights. Therefore, after the Allied fleet anchored off Cádiz on 23 August, three days were spent in futile discussions before any decision was reached.
1678:
Prince George had been granted the head of the civil administration in any town occupied by the Allies. He distributed manifestos calling on
Spaniards to declare for the House of Austria; the fact that some came forward to join the Allies at Rota was of value, for the Imperial representative was dependent on local volunteers to make contact with other inhabitants. However, the Spanish authorities had taken severe measures to prevent desertion to the allied cause, threatening with hanging anyone caught in possession of one of Prince George's manifestos.
197:
149:
1613:, they could not. Ormonde's second choice was a blockade, supported by a bombardment of the town; but there was doubt that the ships could anchor close enough for an effective bombardment. In any case, Prince George objected to such a plan for fear of alienating the population. The decision, therefore, was to land the Allied troops between the Bay of Bulls and Fort Saint Catherine. This suited the navy because they could bring their ships near to the shore, and from the beachhead troops could seize the towns of
1726:
and after several days Rooke declared that even if the fort was taken, the other stronghold guarding the
Puntales entrance would prevent the fleet from navigating the narrow passage. On the 26 September, therefore, facing certain failure, the decision was taken to re-embark the troops. A plan to bombard the city (against Prince George's wishes) was abandoned due to bad weather, and, after a further council of war, the fleet left on 30 September. The attempt to seize Cádiz had ended in abject failure.
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within. With 600 Dutch and 1,600 English troops, the Allies made a causeway across the deep sand and brought a battery close to the stronghold, but they now found themselves within range of the Franco-Spanish ships anchored behind the boom – commanded by Conde de Fernan Núñez – and in a vulnerable position; they were also subject to attack from the
1697:
whole age will hardly blot it out." These excesses ended any hope that the local population would desert Philip V and join with the Allies, and were a boost to
Bourbon propaganda. Rooke himself reported that, "the inhumane plundering of Port Saint Mary made a great noise here by sea and land, and will do so throughout Christendom."
1739:. The Prince informed Rooke and Ormonde that they were ready to declare for the House of Austria, but they were not prepared to commit themselves unless the Allies could guarantee them adequate support, and leave a force to winter in Spain. This assistance was not forthcoming. There had, however, already been a number of
1710:, dug trenches, fetched and carried, but, due to sickness, there was never enough labour available. Rooke was eventually obliged to limit these onerous demands on his sailors, declaring that "such slavish labour was not for seamen." The admiral may have had no choice, but it was a blow to army–navy relations.
1604:… having proposed to the Admiral his forcing the harbour and destroying the eight French galleys which lay under the walls of Cádiz, he called a council of flag officers to consider the same; but … it was unanimously judged unreasonable and impracticable to hazard any the least frigate on such an attempt.
1725:
Villadarias, meanwhile, continued to harass detached Allied parties and cut off their communications; by a sudden attack he also recaptured Rota whose garrison commander, the former governor, was condemned to death and executed as a traitor. The Allies made little or no progress. Matagorda held out,
1696:
The cause of
Archduke Charles had suffered a serious setback due to the behaviour and misconduct of Ormonde's men, who, according to Trevelyan, plundered Saint Mary to 'the bare walls'. A local English merchant wrote disparagingly, "our fleet has left such a filthy stench among the Spaniards that a
1573:
The Anglo-Dutch fleet set sail at the end of July and passed down the
Portuguese coast on 20 August. Admiral Rooke commanded 50 warships (30 English, 20 Dutch), and transports, totalling 160 sail in all; Ormonde, commander of the troops, had under him 14,000 men in total – 10,000 English (including
1677:
From the landing place
Ormonde's forces marched on Rota. The town was found deserted (although after a while the governor and some of the inhabitants returned to greet them). The Allies stayed here for two days, disembarking horses and stores. Although military power remained in Anglo-Dutch hands,
1669:
The landing took place on 26 August in a fresh wind, resulting in the loss of some 25 landing craft, and 20 men drowned. Fire from a
Spanish 4-gun battery, and a charge from a squadron of cavalry offered resistance to the landing. The foremost ranks of the Allied forces consisted of grenadiers who
1717:
was occupied, and the
English generals became more recalcitrant. However, Baron Sparr insisted on attacking Fort Matagorda situated on the Puntales (a sandy spit near the entrance to the inner harbour), thus enabling the entry of Rooke's fleet into the anchorage, before destroying the enemy ships
1635:. Cádiz, Andalusia's main city, held a garrison of some 300 poorly equipped men with a similar number lining the shore, but the sudden appearance of the Allied fleet engendered a state of emergency, and, in Philip Stanhope's words, ‘the spirit and determination to repel it’. The wealthy cities of
1754:
Ormonde and Prince George wanted to land at another key place in Spain but Rooke, concerned about the autumnal gales, decided to head for
England. By now Ormonde and Rooke were barely on speaking terms: the general thought he could have taken Cádiz were it not for Rooke vetoing his plan; for his
1608:
Another option for the Allies was to land the army under the cover of a bombardment by the fleet on the isthmus dividing Cádiz from the mainland; from there, the troops could storm the city. This tactic was
Ormonde's preference, but Major-General Sir Charles O’Hara insisted that a landing on the
1705:
The immediate effects of the looting were detrimental to the expedition; the army thought mainly of taking their spoils home and, according to David Francis, lost their combative spirit. For their part, the navy feared for the ships anchored off a lee shore, which in bad weather was dangerous.
1800:
All dates in the article are in the Gregorian calendar (unless otherwise stated). The Julian calendar as used in England in 1704 differed by eleven days. Thus, the battle of Cádiz began on 23 August (Gregorian calendar) or 12 August (Julian calendar). In this article (O.S) is used to
1884:
p. 36. Securing Portugal would place the harbour of Lisbon at the disposal of the Anglo-Dutch fleet. In return for joining the Grand Alliance, Methuen promised, or hinted, that the King of Portugal might receive concessions of Spanish territory and compensation for the loss of the
1734:
The fact that no Spanish notables had joined the Allies during their time at Cádiz meant a loss of prestige for Prince George; but he did receive aboard his ship a deputation of Spanish grandees from Madrid which had missed him in Lisbon, and had been ferried over from
1643:
contributed to the Spanish cause, the nobles took up arms, and the local peasantry were organised into battalions, so that after boosting the city's garrison Villadarias could still muster in the field five or six hundred good horsemen, and several thousand
1920:
The Portuguese government, still bound by its alliances with the Bourbons, were nervous of the fervent stirred up by Prince George. Under protest from the French and Spanish ambassadors, King Peter felt it expedient to ask politely for the Prince to quit
2024:
Stanhope records that the governor of Rota admitted the Allies to the town and was the only notable defector to the Allied cause. The name of Rota’s governor is not recorded but Prince George conferred on him the title of Marquis hoping to entice other
1784:
was held into the conduct of Belasys and O’Hara. O’Hara was cleared but Belasys was dismissed from the service. Both men were expected to lose their regiments, yet Belasys was later reinstated, and O’Hara was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1704.
1755:
part, the admiral had written bitterly to Ormonde regarding the behaviour of the soldiers on shore. However, it was fortunate for Rooke, Ormonde, and the Allied cause, that news of a Spanish silver fleet from America had arrived off the coast of
1561:. The Allies hoped that whilst the Methuens negotiated with the Portuguese, the Prince could inspire and even direct the pro-Austrian insurrection in Spain on behalf of the Emperor's youngest son and pretender to the Spanish throne, the
1763:
was considerably more successful than the attempt on Cádiz (although the financial rewards were far less than expected), and the victory had taken the edge off the failed expedition. Nevertheless, when the fleet returned to England the
1775:
the opportunity to build up Rooke as a hero; Ormonde was also given a triumphal reception and rallied to the Tory side. The inquiry, therefore, became a party struggle: the Tories glorifying Rooke and Ormonde, whilst the
1509:
fleet, an attack on which could deliver a mortal blow to French naval power. It was clear, however, that before the Allies could commit to the Mediterranean strategy, it would first be necessary to secure a base in the
1674:, who later became British commander-in-chief in Spain, praised the courage of the English and Spanish troops engaged in the small action, admitting that 200 more such horsemen would have spoiled the Allied descent.
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1693:, whom he held responsible for persuading Ormonde to quarter the troops in the town. The navy were not at first involved in the looting, but they were soon tempted to take their share.
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2,400 marines) and 4,000 Dutch. Yet Rooke had no faith in the expedition: his ships had insufficient victuals for a prolonged campaign, and he had concerns over the French port of
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1648:. To increase the strength of his position further, the Spanish commander secured the harbour by drawing a strong boom and sinking two large hulks across its entrance.
1706:
Nevertheless, the army's long march from the landing place to their objective required assistance from the men in Rooke's fleet. Crew members built bridges, cut
2337:
1751:
on 13 September 1702, he fled to Portugal where he issued a denunciation of the Bourbon government and entered the service of the Archduke Charles.
1474:, the Emperor's envoy in England, urged that the sight of an Allied fleet in the Mediterranean would effect a revolution in the Spanish province of
1531:
1100:
96:
1462:. Eugene's successful 1701 campaign had aroused enthusiasm in England for war against France, and helped Emperor Leopold's efforts in persuading
1490:– and other Italian princes – to change sides. More modestly, Prince Eugene pleaded for a squadron to protect the passage of his supplies from
1471:
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1408:. The Allies also intended to garner support in Spain for an insurrection in the name of the Austrian pretender to the Spanish throne, the
1374:
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Rooke was suffering from gout at this time; he was also upset by news of his wife’s death which reached him on the very day of sailing.
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remained critical. The two Allied commanders made an obdurate joint defence before the House of Lord's Committee. However, a
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The bad feeling between Rooke and Ormonde had led to hopes of a fruitful inquiry, but the success at Vigo had given the
1609:
isthmus was inadvisable unless the navy could guarantee the landing of supplies on a daily basis, which, because of the
1527:
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There were several options for the Allied attack. According to Rooke's journal of 25 August, Sir Stafford Fairborne:
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to annul his recent treaties with France and Spain, and join the Grand Alliance. The Methuens were assisted by
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1621:. However, the landing place was a long way from the base of the isthmus on which Cádiz stood. (
1377:. As such, the port's capture would not only help to sever Spain's links with her empire in the
1264:
1585:
Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt (1670–1705) accompanied the fleet in the interests of Austria.
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After the occupation of Port Saint Mary the advance lost momentum. The marshy coast as far as
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Stanhope calls Villadarias the ‘most active and able’ of all the Spanish generals of the war.
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needed escorts, and an Allied naval presence could challenge the dominance of King Louis’
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repulsed the Spanish horsemen. Nevertheless, one of the Allied officers, Colonel
1714:
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The Allies proceeded to take Fort Saint Catherine, before entering the town of
1428:
was unable to complete his objective and, after a month, he set sail for home.
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98:
1743:
defections, the most startling of which was that of the Admiral of Castile,
1632:
1610:
1455:
1370:
86:
1446:, led by England and the Dutch Republic, declared war on France and Spain.
1802:
1523:
1515:
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82:
1886:
1707:
1645:
1640:
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1396:
The military build-up was accompanied by Allied diplomatic measures in
219:
208:
1809:
for a more detailed explanation of the dating issues and conventions.
1748:
1719:
1538:
1506:
1420:, ill discipline, poor co-operation, and a skilful defence from the
1805:
Julian dates with the year adjusted to 1 January. See the article
1580:
196:
148:
90:
1768:
insisted on an inquiry into the conduct of the Allies at Cádiz.
2283:
The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815.
2094:
The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815,
271:
1501:
The English had their own interests in the Mediterranean: the
1450:
also declared war on the Bourbon powers, but his forces under
1373:
port of Cádiz served as the centre of Spanish trade with its
1522:, and place in Allied hands the gate to the trade with the
1454:
had already begun hostilities in northern Italy along the
1829:
1827:
1747:, Duke of Rioseco and Count of Melgar. After leaving
1689:(Ormonde's second-in-command), O’Hara, and the Dutch
1537:
England's representatives at the Portuguese court in
1631:, was given command in the threatened province of
1629:Don Francisco del Castillo, Marquis of Villadarias
2219:Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 1, vol. ii,
2206:Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 1, vol. ii,
1945:Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 1, vol. ii,
1458:in an attempt to secure for Austria the Spanish
2148:
2146:
2144:
41:
2167:History of the War of the Succession in Spain,
2013:History of the War of the Succession in Spain,
2000:History of the War of the Succession in Spain,
1987:History of the War of the Succession in Spain,
1850:
1848:
1478:; win south Italy from the precarious grip of
2301:History of the War of the Succession in Spain
1412:. The battle was the first of the war in the
283:
61:Contemporary map of the Battle of Cádiz 1702.
8:
2353:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
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2115:
2049:
2047:
2033:
2031:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
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276:
268:
38:
30:For other battles in the same place, see
2269:The War of Succession in Spain: 1700–15.
2193:The War of Succession in Spain: 1700–15,
1818:
1722:which still lurked outside the harbour.
1660:
2243:. University of Chicago Press, (2002).
1793:
1578:which lay between himself and England.
1518:– the capture of which would open the
7:
2338:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
2255:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713.
2180:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
2136:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
2123:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
2107:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
2055:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
2039:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
1965:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
1932:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
1900:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
1882:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
1869:The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713,
2312:England Under Queen Anne: Blenheim.
2154:England Under Queen Anne: Blenheim,
2081:England Under Queen Anne: Blenheim,
1856:England Under Queen Anne: Blenheim,
25:
1442:On 15 May 1702 the Powers of the
2314:Longmans, Green and co., (1948).
1555:Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt
218:
207:
195:
174:
160:
147:
55:
2239:Marlborough: His Life and Times
1589:Prince George, in his ship the
1530:, and her ministers led by the
1466:to send an Allied fleet to the
317:Low Countries and Upper France
1:
2257:Ernest Benn Limited, (1975).
1807:Old Style and New Style dates
1438:War of the Spanish Succession
1367:War of the Spanish Succession
1357:forces to seize the southern
240:300 regulars and 150 horsemen
73:23 August – 30 September 1702
49:War of the Spanish Succession
2271:Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
2379:
1593:, had joined the fleet at
1482:; overawe the Francophile
1435:
1389:could control the western
29:
2363:Military history of Cádiz
2343:Battles involving England
1842:Francis specifies 13,801.
1514:. The decision to favour
803:Italy and Southern France
313:
230:
188:
140:
65:
54:
46:
563:Grovestins' Cavalry Raid
2348:Battles involving Spain
2285:Penguin Group, (2006).
599:Germany and Upper Rhine
248:A few thousand soldiers
1666:
1606:
1586:
1422:Marquis of Villadarias
1101:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
202:Marquis of Villadarias
189:Commanders and leaders
18:Battle of Cadiz (1702)
1665:Battle of Cádiz 1702.
1664:
1602:
1584:
1026:Valencia de Alcántara
1833:30 English; 20 Dutch
1486:; and encourage the
1418:interservice rivalry
1657:Landing and looting
1532:Earl of Marlborough
1365:in 1702 during the
864:Castelnuovo Bormida
108: /
2234:Churchill, Winston
1761:Battle of Vigo Bay
1667:
1587:
1557:, a cousin of the
1400:aimed at enticing
1349:was an attempt by
1126:2nd Ciudad Rodrigo
1066:1st Ciudad Rodrigo
302:Spanish Succession
2333:Conflicts in 1702
1759:. The subsequent
1687:Sir Henry Belasys
1512:Iberian Peninsula
1468:Mediterranean Sea
1448:Emperor Leopold I
1414:Iberian Peninsula
1391:Mediterranean Sea
1375:American colonies
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985:Iberian Peninsula
398:2nd Fort Isabella
323:1st Fort Isabella
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16:(Redirected from
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2358:Looting in Spain
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2297:Stanhope, Philip
2253:Francis, David.
2241:, Bk. 1, vol. ii
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2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2305:
2293:
2281:Roger, N.A.M.
2279:
2267:Kamen, Henry.
2265:
2251:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2140:
2127:
2111:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2043:
2027:
2017:
2004:
1991:
1978:
1969:
1949:
1936:
1923:
1913:
1904:
1891:
1889:to the French.
1873:
1860:
1844:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1766:House of Lords
1731:
1728:
1702:
1701:Re-embarkation
1699:
1672:James Stanhope
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1570:
1567:
1503:Levant Company
1460:Duchy of Milan
1444:Grand Alliance
1436:Main article:
1433:
1430:
1406:Grand Alliance
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Saint Gotthard
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
986:
982:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
829:Santa Vittoria
826:
821:
816:
811:
805:
804:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
768:
767:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
601:
600:
596:
595:
590:
585:
583:2nd Le Quesnoy
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
553:1st Le Quesnoy
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
498:Saint Ghislain
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
319:
318:
314:
311:
310:
297:
295:
294:
287:
280:
272:
264:
263:
261:
260:
259:20 Dutch ships
257:
249:
233:
232:
228:
227:
204:
191:
190:
186:
185:
182:Dutch Republic
156:
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
117:36.533; -6.300
81:
79:
75:
74:
71:
63:
62:
52:
51:
44:
43:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2375:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:1702 in Spain
2326:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:0-14-102690-1
2288:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:0-297-17777-X
2274:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:0-510-00205-6
2260:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:0-226-10633-0
2246:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:, p. 51.
1820:
1819:Stanhope 1836
1815:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:Court-Martial
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:See map below
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:King Peter II
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:Duke of Savoy
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:Prince Eugene
1449:
1445:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:, but due to
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:King Peter II
1399:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:Cabrita Point
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:Naval battles
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:4th Barcelona
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
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1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:3rd Barcelona
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:2nd Barcelona
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:2nd Gibraltar
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:1st Gibraltar
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:1st Barcelona
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
984:
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
802:
801:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
766:
763:
762:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
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741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
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671:
668:
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663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
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638:
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633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
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616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
598:
597:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
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461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
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439:
436:
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431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
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411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
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391:
389:
386:
384:
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379:
376:
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371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
312:
303:
293:
288:
286:
281:
279:
274:
273:
270:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
244:
238:
235:
234:
229:
226:
221:
215:
210:
205:
203:
198:
193:
192:
187:
183:
169:
157:
155:
150:
145:
144:
139:
131:
128:
127:
121:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
76:
72:
69:
68:
64:
58:
53:
50:
45:
40:
33:
19:
2311:
2300:
2282:
2268:
2254:
2237:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2106:
2101:
2093:
2088:
2080:
2075:
2062:
2054:
2038:
2020:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1964:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1855:
1838:
1814:
1796:
1770:
1753:
1733:
1724:
1712:
1704:
1695:
1691:Baron Sparre
1680:
1676:
1668:
1627:
1622:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1572:
1545:and his son
1543:John Methuen
1536:
1500:
1441:
1426:George Rooke
1404:to join the
1395:
1387:Dutch navies
1346:
1344:
1332:Lizard Point
1312:Cape Spartel
1186:Villaviciosa
990:
969:Fenestrelles
755:2nd Haguenau
745:1st Haguenau
725:2nd Trarbach
690:Schellenberg
660:Munderkingen
625:1st Trarbach
605:Kaiserswerth
588:2nd Bouchain
543:1st Bouchain
533:Saint-Venant
348:Stevensweert
251:
242:
236:
214:George Rooke
141:Belligerents
47:Part of the
2217:Churchill:
2204:Churchill:
2152:Trevelyan:
2079:Trevelyan:
2068:John Norris
2025:defections.
1943:Churchill:
1854:Trevelyan:
1494:across the
1327:Beachy Head
1290:Nagymajtény
1260:Nagyszombat
1245:Schmöllnitz
1226:2nd Majorca
1086:1st Majorca
1031:Albuquerque
934:Pizzigetone
929:Alessandria
777:3rd Hagenau
735:Lauterbourg
730:Wissembourg
615:Friedlingen
573:Marchiennes
488:Hondschoote
458:Dendermonde
333:Saint Donas
115: /
2322:Categories
2228:References
2165:Stanhope:
2011:Stanhope:
1998:Stanhope:
1985:Stanhope:
1715:Port Royal
1528:Queen Anne
1432:Background
1424:, Admiral
1371:Andalusian
1240:Eisenstadt
1216:2nd Girona
1191:1st Girona
1176:2nd Madrid
1081:El Albujón
1071:1st Madrid
1006:Portalegre
839:Borgoforte
792:4th Landau
787:Rumersheim
782:Stollhofen
750:Drusenheim
720:3rd Landau
705:Ingolstadt
680:2nd Landau
675:Speyerbach
650:Sigharting
610:1st Landau
558:Landrécies
513:Malplaquet
478:Wijnendale
328:Middelburg
300:War of the
262:14,000 men
252:50 ships:
27:1702 siege
2178:Francis:
2134:Francis:
2121:Francis:
2105:Francis:
2053:Francis:
2037:Francis:
1963:Francis:
1930:Francis:
1921:Portugal.
1898:Francis:
1880:Francis:
1867:Francis:
1741:Castilian
1730:Aftermath
1633:Andalusia
1611:lee shore
1591:Adventure
1524:New World
1456:Po Valley
1196:Aren Fort
1161:La Gudiña
1106:Castellón
1061:Alcántara
1051:San Mateo
909:Calcinato
894:Mirandola
849:Governolo
844:Guastalla
772:Aidenbach
700:Villingen
670:Höchstädt
630:Andernach
620:Rheinberg
578:2nd Douai
523:1st Douai
483:Leffinghe
468:Oudenarde
438:Ramillies
428:Zandvliet
423:Zoutleeuw
408:2nd Liége
368:Groesbeek
358:1st Liége
237:Garrison:
87:Andalusia
2299:(1836).
2066:Captain
1803:annotate
1708:fascines
1496:Adriatic
1480:Philip V
1398:Portugal
1379:Americas
1361:port of
1302:Vigo Bay
1201:Venasque
1181:Brihuega
1171:Zaragoza
1156:Alicante
1036:Montjuïc
979:Syracuse
954:2nd Susa
889:Chivasso
874:Vercelli
869:1st Susa
797:Freiburg
765:Sendling
710:Blenheim
685:Augsburg
665:Breisach
635:Neubourg
493:Brussels
418:Elixheim
373:Tongeren
353:Roermond
338:Nijmegen
231:Strength
103:006°18′W
78:Location
2191:Kamen:
2092:Roger:
1887:Asiento
1757:Galicia
1720:galleys
1646:militia
1641:Seville
1637:Cordova
1569:Prelude
1520:Straits
1492:Trieste
1383:English
1359:Spanish
1351:English
1275:Trenčín
1233:Hungary
1211:Cardona
1206:Tortosa
1166:Almenar
1146:Minorca
1141:Tortosa
1136:Morella
1116:Almansa
1111:Villena
1046:Badajoz
964:Exilles
899:Cassano
834:Luzzara
819:Cremona
760:Bavaria
740:Homburg
640:Geldern
528:Béthune
508:Tournai
443:Antwerp
413:3rd Huy
403:2nd Huy
393:Limburg
388:1st Huy
378:Stekene
243:Relief:
168:England
100:36°32′N
2289:
2275:
2261:
2247:
2221:p. 612
2208:p. 611
2156:p. 266
2096:p. 166
2083:p. 265
1947:p. 610
1858:p. 262
1773:Tories
1749:Madrid
1652:Battle
1539:Lisbon
1507:Toulon
1476:Naples
1369:. The
1317:Málaga
1280:Kölesd
1131:Lleida
1121:Xàtiva
1091:Cuenca
1076:Murcia
974:Cesana
949:Toulon
939:Casale
884:Verrua
814:Chiari
593:Knocke
568:Denain
448:Ostend
383:Ekeren
306:Europe
179:
165:
129:Result
2195:p. 94
2182:p. 52
2169:p. 59
2138:p. 51
2125:p. 50
2109:p. 49
2057:p. 48
2041:p. 47
2015:p. 54
2002:p. 51
1989:p. 50
1967:p. 46
1934:p. 45
1902:p. 40
1871:p. 31
1789:Notes
1778:Whigs
1576:Brest
1516:Cádiz
1363:Cádiz
1355:Dutch
1285:Kassa
1265:Zsibó
1151:Denia
1096:Elche
1016:Ceuta
991:Cádiz
959:Gaeta
944:Milan
924:Pavia
914:Turin
879:Ivrea
809:Carpi
548:Arras
503:Ghent
473:Lille
453:Menin
433:Diest
363:Hulst
343:Venlo
154:Spain
91:Spain
83:Cádiz
2287:ISBN
2273:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2245:ISBN
1737:Faro
1639:and
1617:and
1615:Rota
1547:Paul
1385:and
1353:and
1345:The
1255:Páta
1250:Raab
904:Nice
859:Arco
854:Nago
695:Rain
655:Bonn
645:Kehl
538:Aire
518:Mons
70:Date
1625:).
715:Ulm
463:Ath
2324::
2310:.
2236:.
2143:^
2114:^
2046:^
2030:^
1952:^
1847:^
1826:^
1565:.
1541:,
1534:.
1498:.
1470:.
1393:.
89:,
85:,
2303:.
291:e
284:t
277:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
