879:. At that point Alviano entered, flanked by ten knights and the infantry of Pietro dal Monte and Lattanzio da Bergamo. The door of the second ravelin, reinforced by the enemies with beams and earth, was broken with a hatchet and a pickaxe and among the first to enter it were Costantino Paleologo and Sertorio da Collalto. The door to the tower was then broken open and burned while the Germans inside continued to throw stones from the machicolations. When the door was forced, the surviving Germans surrendered. The assault had lasted three hours and the castle garrison had lost thirty-four men killed; many of the survivors were wounded. The survivors were stripped of their belongings and then released. In the castle the winners found about 1,500 ducats, which were distributed to the soldiers by order of the Serenissima, as well as many of the goods stolen from the houses of Cadore and Valle d'Ampezzo.
119:
867:
tried to induce the garrison to surrender by promising that their lives would be spared in exchange. The
Germans replied they would surrender the castle within three days, perhaps hoping for an unlikely rescue from their comrades. Towards and at 1 pm on 4 March the Venetians, tired of waiting and running out of food, decided to attack the castle from two sides: the front, defended by two ravelins, would be attacked by Alviano and Pietro dal Monte, the rear by Pandolfo and Carlo Malatesta, Lattanzio da Bergamo, Giovanni Battista Mio, Piero Querini, Piero Corso and Cardillo. He then had a group of
106:
905:
4,000 men who came from Carnia with
Savorgnan also withdrew. After the siege, the Venetian soldiers were forced to eat only bread, wine and apples for a few days as there was nothing left in the valley. However, on 8 March they captured a convoy of four wagons full of bread and wheat pulled by twenty horses and protected by some German soldiers who had not received the news of the defeat of the Rio Secco and were trying to reach their companions in Pieve.
824:
whose whiteness was stained by the shed blood. The German infantrymen, about four thousand, knowing they were risking the encirclement, lined up in a square with the baggage and the women in the middle, then quickly marched against the
Venetians with the intention of breaking through the ranks and opening up an escape route. Alviano, riding a nag in the center of the Venetian array, ordered the wings, made up of crossbowmen, cavalrymen and
37:
511:(April 1507), where in front of the princes and the electors he exposed his concerns about the excessive French power in Italy and the repercussions that such a situation could have in the matters of Germany; he thus managed to persuade the princes to fund an invasion of Italy. Maximilian I proposed himself as defender of the Church, declared Louis XII an enemy of Christianity and announcing his coming to
769:
Alviano ordered the commanders to keep them close to their flag, forbade anyone from retreating under penalty of being treated as an enemy, and promised rewards to those who would kill deserters. He forbade taking prisoners and booty before the battle was over, threatening to hang anyone who disobeyed. Finally, he promised the
936:. Maximilian I had to renounce any claim not only over the lost lands but even on the claims of coronation in Rome, and on 6 June 1508 he signed an armistice accepting the humiliating conditions imposed by the Venetians. Venice, which had already become the most powerful of the Italian states following the division of the
671:, where he consulted with Corner and together they decided to launch an offensive aimed at recovering Cadore. The invasion of that province represented a great threat to the Serenissima, as if the Germans had attacked in Friuli, the Venetians would have been forced to move part of the troops stationed in the
846:
managed to secure
Treponti, the Val d'Ansiei and the passes. The Venetians lost only four heavy horsemen, sixteen horses and a small number of foot soldiers. The Germans lost 1,688 men killed and another 500 surrendered at the end of the battle and were spared and later released under the payment of a
874:
The
Germans defended themselves bravely causing some losses to the assailants, including that of Carlo IV Malatesta, hit by a stone that smashed his helmet. Some Venetian infantrymen including Cola Moro, Girolamo Granchio, Turchetto da Lodi, Alfonso da Siena and Morgante Pagano still managed to climb
569:
sent a reply stating that the
Serenissima would grant him passage as long as the emperor intended to cross its territory "quietly and peacefully". On the other hand, the Venetians had many reasons to consider Maximilian's request nothing more than a pretext for the invasion. They therefore decided to
836:
The death of their commander caused the advance of the German infantrymen to lose momentum. At that point d'Alviano counterattacked with the infantry arranged as follows: in the center was the infantry of the general himself, together with those of Carlo
Malatesta and Pietro dal Monte; on the right
832:
and Franco dal Borgo's crossbowmen, attacked the enemy artillery on three sides and managed to capture it. On the right, the infantrymen of Naldi and
Gambara, assisted by the Querini crossbowmen and the artillery, kept the left flank of the Germans engaged. During the clashes the commander Sixt von
795:
of Giovan
Francesco Gambara. The left wing was composed of the 600 infantrymen under Lattanzio da Bergamo. In a battalion placed to the left of the infantry there were about 100 heavy knights and 300 cavalrymen led by Giacomo Secco. The approximately 70-100 mounted crossbowmen under the command of
704:
and then descend into Cadore; this road was difficult because it was long, steep and led to high altitudes, where the snow was even more abundant, yet it made it possible to avoid being sighted by the enemy. Alviano chose the latter and sent envoys to
Savorgnan, informing him of the details of the
887:
The Venetian victory ensured great fame, honor and money for Bartolomeo d'Alviano, who on 4 March was appointed captain general of the Venetian infantry and cavalry, with his pay increased from 15,000 to 30,000 ducats a year to which a bonus of 1,000 ducats was added along with the possibility of
845:
and the cavalrymen of Pandolfo Malatesta and Giacomo Secco. The Venetians managed to break through the German square, whose infantry were mostly killed near the banks of the Rio Secco despite begging for mercy. Two hours after the end of the battle, the men from Savorgnan arrived in Pieve, having
904:
of Pieve and left the troops of Bortolo Malfato and Girolamo Barisello as garrison; he also placed garrisons at Chiusa Venas and at Treponti, after which he left the valley at the head of 600 cavalrymen headed for Friuli, where the imperial soldiers were gathering in view of a new offensive. The
866:
driven to the top of a hill in front of the fortress and began shooting without causing significant damage, given the small caliber of the guns. Believing that it would not be enough to tear down the fortress, he sent a messenger to Venice to ask for larger caliber pieces, and in the meantime he
823:
who, however, violating the general's recommendations, set fire to some houses of Tai inside which some German infantrymen were housed. This was the spark that forced the Venetian general to start a battle that lasted less than an hour and took place near the snow-covered banks of the Rio Secco,
618:
of about three hundred German knights and hundreds of infantrymen who, however, did not immediately attack the Venetians as the mountain passes were blocked by the large amount of snow that had fallen in the previous weeks. In the night between 20 and 21 February the German infantry invaded and
768:
troops joined the rest of the army. On 1 March the army set off again and after having crossed the Cibiana Pass and passed the Boite at the end of the day it reached Venas, three miles from Pieve, where it left a garrison to block the escape of the enemies. In order to discipline his soldiers,
700:. At that point it would be possible to choose whether to take the path that led directly to Pieve, less steep but narrow and exposed to being spotted and ambushed by the enemy, or the one that led to Valle, steeper but less exposed. The second option was to detour to the Muda crossing the
745:, besieging Pieve from the east. In this way the Venetians would have cut off all supply and escape routes for the Germans, forcing the latter to fight them or starve. On the same day part of the Germans went up towards Domegge but were intercepted by Beraldo's
515:
to be crowned Emperor and guarantee the freedom of the holy city. Louis XII immediately denied any aims towards the Empire or St. Peter, staying in Genoa without an army to demonstrate his peaceful intentions, but the diet granted Maximilian I eight thousand
683:
areas and eventually the invasion of the Treviso plain, which would have resulted in the encirclement of Friuli. From Belluno Alviano set out with an army of about 3,000 men towards the castle of Gardona and on the following day reached the crossroads of
658:
with their 4,000 infantry to try to lift the siege from the castle of Botestagno. On February 27 the imperial artillery, personally commanded by Maximilian, forced Giovanni Michel and Francesco Zani to hand over the castle after six days of resistance.
833:
Trautson engaged in a duel with Rinieri della Sassetta, who carried the banner of the Serenissima, managing to wound him with a blow to the face. Rinieri responded by mortally wounding him in the neck with his pike and throwing him from the saddle.
564:
asking the mayor, Alvise Malipiero, to prepare lodgings for 8,500 horses, since Emperor Maximilian intended to stay there for three days before continuing to Rome. The mayor decided to take his time and relayed Maximilian's request to Venice. The
763:
On 29 February, Alviano reached the Val di Zoldo with his army exhausted by the long march, and was greeted by a storm that prevented him from proceeding, therefore he stopped to clear the snow as much as possible. In the evening the
786:
to Repossi Busicchio. The vanguard consisted of 400 infantry led by Pietro del Monte, 200 to 300 infantry under Rinieri della Sassetta and 54 infantrymen led by Bortolo Malfato and was deployed in the plain between the town of
828:, to attack the flanks of the enemy to disturb it and slow it down while he reorganized the army, as part of the cavalry had not yet arrived. Rinieri della Sassetta, together with a dozen cavalrymen from Cardillo, Busicchio's
850:; the Venetians also captured eight enemy artillery pieces. The fugitives tried to rejoin the bulk of the imperial army by dispersing and crossing the mountain passes, but about a hundred of them were killed by the
796:
Franco dal Borgo would target the right side of the enemy infantry, while those of the Aviano (led by Pietro Querini) and those of the Malatesta would target the left side. In front of the enemy right wing the 100
287:
773:
a ducat for each enemy head and a provision for life in case of victory as well as full compensation for the horse to those who had lost it in the battle. The command of the infantry was then entrusted to
1158:
896:
of 1,000 cavalrymen. On 5 March Alviano left Cadore at the head of 5,000 men; on 6 March superintendent Giorgio Corner appointed Giovanni Foscarini as temporary superintendent of Cadore, the
280:
1148:
1133:
273:
862:
The only remaining Germans were the approximately seventy men who guarded the castle of Pieve, perched on a rocky relief. On the morning of March 3, d'Alviano had four
1128:
574:
garrison and to evacuate the town of women, children and other useless mouths, while a garrison of 500 infantrymen under the command of Dionigi Naldi was deployed in
1153:
639:, but they too were forced to retreat first to Pieve and then, after a second battle that lasted four hours and in which they risked being encircled, to the
635:
held by Pietro Gixi, who surrendered on the 23rd. By next day only sixty infantrymen under Bortolo Malfato remained to oppose the Habsburg advance at
871:
stationed on a knoll with the task of covering the advance of the infantry by targeting the enemies who would come out of the shelters on the walls.
503:, who proposed to crown the King of the French as emperor. Worried by this, and anxious to stress the role of the Empire, Maximilian I summoned the
1138:
627:, and the next day 4,000 German infantrymen, equipped with grappelle so as not to slip on the ice or sink into the snow, descended from
351:
940:, further expanded its borders, reaching the apex of its terrestrial expansion and causing the discontent of many, first of all Pope
504:
819:
From Venas the Venetians continued towards Valle, which they reached around 10 am on 2 March. D'Alviano sent in advance a group of
791:
and the slopes of Monte Zucco. The right wing consisted of Carlino Naldi's 400 infantrymen, Babone Naldi's 200 infantrymen and the
434:
under the leadership of Sixt von Trautson. The battle resulted in a decisive Venetian victory, stopping the Habsburg invasion of
326:
459:
415:
297:
28:
1143:
837:
Babone and Carlino Naldi, and farther out towards Monte, Rinieri della Sassetta; on the left instead there was the
800:
infantry led by Repossi Busicchio were deployed, alongside him the men of Count Ruggero Zofa and behind it the 200
808:
would have been deployed to the right of the Venetian army. There remained about 1,400 reserve men made up of the
650:
together with Giorgio Corner and to prepare a plan to regain control of the region. Andrea Loredan, lieutenant of
688:. At this point there were two ways to reach Pieve di Cadore. The first, shorter and easier, continued along the
646:
The Venetians, having learned the news, immediately ordered Bartolomeo d'Alviano, on his way to Friuli, to go to
381:
336:
594:. In the following days the hostile intent of the imperials became evident as more and more men gathered around
908:
In the following months Alviano advanced into Habsburg-held lands in Friuli and the Julian March and conquered
492:
346:
540:
began between 9 and 10 January 1508, leading Bartolomeo d'Alviano to carry out inspections of the castles of
438:
and allowing the Venetians to reconquer all their lost strongholds as well as invade Habsburg-ruled lands in
579:
557:
427:
361:
356:
156:
136:
1123:
624:
591:
583:
541:
172:
892:, the 400 cavalrymen of his company were attached to that of Alviano, who therefore held command over a
813:
144:
140:
640:
177:
937:
628:
496:
160:
1053:
Fatto d'arme fra i veneziani e gl'imperiali a Cadore nel 1508 descritto dal canonico Giuseppe Ciani
965:
809:
726:
500:
476:
386:
366:
331:
316:
168:
765:
647:
423:
111:
968:
marked the definitive halt to the Venetian domination in northern Italy to the advantage of the
969:
961:
933:
863:
717:
and then moving towards Pieve, and at the same time Savorgnan's men would have had to go from
587:
455:
431:
376:
124:
491:
in 1500. Such preponderance in lands so close to his borders troubled the Holy Roman Emperor
788:
705:
offensive, which would be launched on the morning of March 2. His troops, once they reached
208:
199:
190:
181:
148:
741:
Pass. Once the Val d'Ansiei was secured, the men of Savorgnan would have had to descend to
636:
632:
599:
411:
341:
734:
654:, sent Geronimo Savorgnan, Francesco Sbrogliavacca, Francesco Beraldo and Antonio Pio to
980:
957:
730:
718:
706:
603:
566:
488:
484:
371:
321:
1117:
842:
697:
689:
36:
775:
710:
701:
443:
419:
164:
614:
On 4 February, Pietro Gixi, captain of Cadore, was informed of the arrival around
897:
868:
722:
545:
854:
in Val di Zoldo, others drowned in the Piave, and others still froze to death.
560:
built in Celazzo and Laurone. On 24 January 1508 an imperial messenger reached
265:
876:
679:
areas, further weakening the defenses and risking the loss of the Belluno and
575:
941:
909:
901:
805:
747:
685:
553:
875:
the walls of one of the ravelins, killing the guards and then lowering the
929:
779:
752:
738:
693:
571:
521:
508:
751:
and forced to fall back to Pieve, where they entrenched themselves with
949:
917:
913:
889:
742:
676:
672:
668:
620:
615:
447:
976:
953:
925:
921:
847:
680:
655:
595:
561:
537:
533:
517:
451:
439:
435:
74:
70:
46:
42:
932:, being then granted the lordship of Pordenone and admission to the
495:, already worried by the French attempts to award the papal seat to
841:
of Lattanzio da Bergamo. The Venetian infantry was followed by the
945:
888:
keeping captured guns. Following the death of Filippo Albanese in
714:
651:
480:
78:
696:, where a bridge made it possible to cross the confluence of the
944:, who on 10 December 1508 united France, the Holy Roman Empire,
549:
512:
269:
532:
The first movements of the imperial armies on the borders of
804:
crossbowmen of Teodoro Manes and Costantino Paleologo. The
631:
and quickly overran all of Cadore, including the castle of
964:
in an anti-Venetian function; in the spring of 1509, the
590:, requesting to send reinforcements under the command of
471:
The coronation of Maximilian I and the Diet of Constance
16:
Battle between Venice and the Holy Roman Empire (1508)
21:
1159:Holy Roman Empire–Republic of Venice relations
281:
8:
778:, that of the cavalry to Giacomo Secco, the
1149:Battles of the War of the League of Cambrai
288:
274:
266:
18:
979:(who hailed from Pieve di Cadore) in the
975:The battle was depicted in a painting by
900:Piero Corso and Girolamo Granchio as new
548:, reinforcing the fortresses, ordering a
454:. This would trigger the creation of the
1134:Battles involving the Republic of Venice
983:in Venice, destroyed by a fire in 1577.
1129:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
992:
1154:16th century in the Republic of Venice
7:
1051:Giuseppe Ciani, Giuseppe Cadorin,
14:
692:Valley along the river as far as
198:Trips Vailer von Felkircher
667:On 27 February, Alviano reached
422:, on 2 March 1508, opposing the
414:during the opening phase of the
117:
104:
35:
709:, would have marched along the
487:, having already conquered the
858:Assault on the Castle of Pieve
483:and in fact dominated much of
1:
578:, and an embassy was sent to
207:Glauscop von Felkircher
45:from a copy of a painting by
782:to Franco dal Borgo and the
460:War of the League of Cambrai
416:War of the League of Cambrai
299:War of the League of Cambrai
29:War of the League of Cambrai
260:8 artillery pieces captured
1175:
1139:Military history of Veneto
737:up to Passo Tre Croci and
602:north of Rovereto and the
598:and began to plunder the
458:and the beginning of the
307:
247:
218:
130:
97:
53:
34:
26:
999:Francesco Guicciardini,
520:and twenty-two thousand
493:Maximilian I of Habsburg
253:Low, including 4 knights
759:Battle of the Rio Secco
236:400 mounted crossbowmen
189:Johannes Sprengli
592:Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
584:Grand Master of France
157:Rinieri della Sassetta
131:Commanders and leaders
814:Pandolfo IV Malatesta
755:and wooden shelters.
528:Habsburg preparations
248:Casualties and losses
141:Pandolfo IV Malatesta
725:and then descend to
625:castle of Botestagno
580:Charles II d'Amboise
428:Bartolomeo d'Alviano
426:armies commanded by
402:, also known as the
241:4,000–6,000 infantry
173:Gianconte Brandolini
137:Bartolomeo d'Alviano
49:depicting the battle
966:battle of Agnadello
663:March towards Pieve
501:archbishop of Rouen
477:Louis XII of France
404:battle of Rio Secco
367:Guinegate/The Spurs
1016:, pp. 244, 251-260
648:Bassano del Grappa
610:Invasion of Cadore
410:, took place near
243:8 artillery pieces
145:Carlo IV Malatesta
112:Republic of Venice
1144:Conflicts in 1508
970:Kingdom of France
962:League of Cambrai
934:Maggior Consiglio
641:castle of Gardona
588:governor of Milan
497:Georges d'Amboise
456:League of Cambrai
432:Holy Roman Empire
430:and those of the
395:
394:
264:
263:
234:300 light cavalry
232:100 heavy cavalry
178:Sixt von Trautson
125:Holy Roman Empire
93:
92:
1166:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1004:
997:
938:Duchy of Romagna
776:Pietro dal Monte
623:, besieging the
524:for six months.
450:and marching on
400:battle of Cadore
302:
300:
290:
283:
276:
267:
213:
204:
195:
186:
165:Pietro del Monte
153:
123:
121:
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108:
107:
89:Venetian victory
55:
54:
39:
22:Battle of Cadore
19:
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1173:
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1167:
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1024:
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1007:
1001:Storia d'Italia
998:
994:
989:
912:(in May 1508),
885:
860:
812:of Alviano and
761:
665:
637:Chiusa di Venas
633:Pieve di Cadore
629:Passo Tre Croci
612:
600:Lagarina Valley
570:strengthen the
530:
473:
468:
412:Pieve di Cadore
396:
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81:
41:Sketch made by
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1156:
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1131:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1103:Marin Sanudo,
1096:
1090:Marin Sanudo,
1083:
1077:Marin Sanudo,
1070:
1064:Marin Sanudo,
1057:
1044:
1038:Marin Sanudo,
1031:
1025:Marin Sanudo,
1018:
1012:Marin Sanudo,
1005:
991:
990:
988:
985:
981:Palazzo Ducale
958:Duchy of Savoy
884:
881:
859:
856:
760:
757:
733:and go up the
719:Forni di Sopra
713:descending to
707:Forno di Zoldo
664:
661:
611:
608:
604:Asiago plateau
567:Council of Ten
529:
526:
489:Duchy of Milan
485:northern Italy
479:had conquered
472:
469:
467:
464:
418:, part of the
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224:3,300 infantry
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161:Camillo Orsini
133:
132:
128:
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100:
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95:
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77:, present-day
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50:
32:
31:
24:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
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4:
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2:
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1135:
1132:
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1127:
1125:
1124:1508 in Italy
1122:
1121:
1119:
1107:, pp. 338-352
1106:
1100:
1097:
1094:, pp. 333-351
1093:
1087:
1084:
1081:, pp. 318-332
1080:
1074:
1071:
1068:, pp. 348-350
1067:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1042:, pp. 316-347
1041:
1035:
1032:
1029:, pp. 272-307
1028:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1003:, pp. 733-734
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993:
986:
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978:
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843:heavy cavalry
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834:
831:
827:
822:
817:
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811:
810:broken lances
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552:to be dug in
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401:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
377:Flodden Field
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
357:Saint-Mathieu
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
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318:
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291:
286:
284:
279:
277:
272:
271:
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255:
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229:
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217:
214:
212:
205:
203:
196:
194:
187:
185:
179:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
152:
146:
142:
138:
135:
134:
129:
126:
115:
113:
102:
101:
96:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1000:
995:
974:
907:
893:
886:
883:Consequences
873:
869:hand gunners
861:
851:
838:
835:
829:
825:
820:
818:
801:
797:
792:
783:
770:
762:
746:
735:Val d'Ansiei
711:Cibiana Pass
702:Val di Zoldo
666:
645:
613:
536:and towards
531:
474:
446:, besieging
444:Julian March
420:Italian Wars
407:
403:
399:
397:
311:
258:500 captured
256:1,822 killed
227:
210:
201:
192:
183:
169:Babone Naldi
150:
98:Belligerents
61:2 March 1508
27:Part of the
1055:, pp. 43-44
898:condottieri
780:crossbowmen
723:Mauria Pass
546:Chiusaforte
238:4 falconets
73:, northern
1118:Categories
902:castellans
877:drawbridge
729:, capture
576:Brentonico
542:Botestagno
466:Background
942:Julius II
910:Pordenone
864:falconets
852:stradioti
830:stradioti
826:stradioti
821:stradioti
806:artillery
802:stradioti
798:stradioti
784:stradioti
771:stradioti
766:Malatesta
753:palisades
748:stradioti
727:Lorenzago
554:Primolano
509:Constance
475:In 1507,
387:Marignano
337:Mirandola
332:Polesella
317:Agnadello
228:stradioti
956:and the
930:Postojna
894:condotta
839:condotta
793:condotta
739:Misurina
731:Treponti
694:Perarolo
572:Rovereto
558:ramparts
522:infantry
442:and the
424:Venetian
382:La Motta
219:Strength
66:Location
960:in the
950:Ferrara
918:Trieste
914:Gorizia
890:Ravenna
743:Domegge
721:to the
677:Treviso
673:Vicenza
669:Belluno
621:Ampezzo
619:sacked
616:Bruneck
518:knights
448:Trieste
408:Rusecco
352:Navarre
347:Ravenna
342:Brescia
327:Vicenza
230:cavalry
211:†
202:†
193:†
184:†
151:†
1105:Diarii
1092:Diarii
1079:Diarii
1066:Diarii
1040:Diarii
1027:Diarii
1014:Diarii
977:Titian
954:Mantua
922:Pisino
848:ransom
789:Nogaré
681:Feltre
656:Carnia
596:Trento
562:Verona
538:Friuli
534:Cadore
452:Istria
440:Friuli
436:Cadore
362:Novara
312:Cadore
180:
147:
122:
109:
86:Result
75:Veneto
71:Cadore
47:Titian
43:Rubens
987:Notes
946:Spain
926:Fiume
715:Venas
698:Boite
690:Piave
652:Udine
481:Genoa
372:Dijon
322:Padua
79:Italy
928:and
686:Muda
675:and
586:and
556:and
550:moat
544:and
513:Rome
505:diet
398:The
226:100
58:Date
507:in
406:or
1120::
972:.
952:,
948:,
924:,
920:,
916:,
816:.
643:.
606:.
582:,
499:,
462:.
289:e
282:t
275:v
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