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marines came out of the
Battery Smith armory and charged the American and the Philippine positions. F Company stopped the attacks by the Japanese trying to break through to the south. Aside from flares fired throughout the night by warships laying offshore, the three-hour battle was decided by the weapons of the 50 paratroopers ranged against the Japanese marines. The savage encounter ended in failure with more than 250 Japanese corpses strewn along a 200 yd (180 m) stretch of Cheney Trail. F Company suffered 14 dead and 15 wounded. This was the first significant attack by the Japanese on Corregidor. Official historians of the 503rd refer to Wheeler Point as "
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1050:, the tunnel network that ran through the island's hills afforded protection to the defending garrison, but much of the defense activity had to be carried out in the open. By 4 May, many of the guns had been knocked out, the water supply was low, and casualties were mounting. Heavy shellfire preceded Japanese attempts to land the next night, the Japanese later admitted their amazement at the savage resistance, which accounted for the sinking of two thirds of their landing craft and losses amounting to 900 killed and 1,200 wounded, against US losses of 800 dead and 1,000 wounded.
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1248:, a scout attached to the 503rd, during the initial landing on 16 February, crossed 30 yd (27 m) of open ground under intense fire and at point-blank range silenced a machine gun with hand grenades. In the next few days, he inflicted heavy casualties on the Japanese, but was seriously wounded; McCarter was awarded the Medal of Honor.
1004:, and as shown in the subsequent campaigns for the liberation of the Philippine archipelago, he showed no hesitation in committing the bulk of US and Philippine forces under his command. To the American soldier, Corregidor was more than a military objective; long before the campaign to recapture it, the
1447:
Smith 1963 also lists the 162nd
Parachute Field Artillery Battalion, but it is not in the Rock Force list, and Stanton 1991, p. 401 shows this was not a parachute unit and it served in Europe. This may refer to fire support from fire support from Corregidor in the later recapture of Caballo Island by
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tank fired a shell into a sealed tunnel suspected of harboring
Japanese soldiers but which instead contained tons of stored ammunition. The subsequent explosion threw the 30 short tons (27 t) tank several dozen feet, killing its crew and 48 US soldiers nearby, and wounded more than 100 others in
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By 1 March, Manila Bay officially opened to Allied shipping. On 7 March, Gen. MacArthur returned to the island fortress he had been forced to leave three years before. "I see that the old flagpole still stands. Have your troops hoist the colors to its peak and let no enemy ever again haul it down",
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at San Jose Point on the eastern end of
Corregidor named 'Black Beach'. The succeeding waves of troops took the brunt of the hastily organized Japanese defense, and several landing craft and infantrymen became victims of landmines. The battalion pushed inland against sporadic resistance, mostly from
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American assault to recapture
Corregidor left the 503rd PRCT with 169 dead and 531 wounded. The 34th Infantry Regiment suffered 38 killed and 153 wounded. Of the 2,065 men of both lifts by the 503rd PRCT, three men suffered parachute malfunctions, and two men who collided with buildings died. Eight
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Two 3rd
Battalion units—K and L Companies under Captains Frank Centanni and Lewis F. Stearns, respectively—managed to secure the road and both northern and southern entrances to Malinta Hill, while Capt. Gilbert Heaberlin's A Company stationed itself near the waterline. I Company—under 1st Lt. Paul
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Complicating the strategy, was that the paratroopers were required to land on a hill known as 'Topside', the island's foremost dominant terrain feature. MacArthur's staff balked at the proposal, but on the other hand, there was little choice. From 'Topside', the
Japanese could dominate all possible
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The most ferocious battle to regain
Corregidor occurred at Wheeler Point on the night of 18 February and early the next morning, when D and F Companies, 2nd Battalion, 503rd PRCT, settled down in defensive positions near Battery Hearn and Cheney Trail. At 22:30 under a moonless night, 500 Japanese
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and begun to transform it into how it is known today. On 21 April 1946 – the first such day after the war – 128 Aggies gathered on the island for Muster and to remember their fallen comrades. MacArthur also sent a message that day praising the bravery of Texas A&M soldiers who had given their
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at the two tiny go-point areas of
Topside's western heights. However, some paratroopers were blown back into Japanese held territory. No troopers drowned, although some who were unable to climb the cliffs through hostile territory, or had fallen close to the rocks, had to be rescued near Wheeler
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On 21 February at 21:30 near
Malinta Hill, a few dozen Japanese survivors were killed attacking US positions following a large explosion. Two nights later, a similar attack happened. Subsequently, American engineers poured and ignited large quantities of gasoline down the tunnels. The lack of
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whereby Texas gained its independence from Mexico. The Aggies were unable to physically muster and only 12 of the 25 survived the battle and the subsequent prisoner of war camps, but the story inspired the nation and McQuillen had renamed the 21 April event
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men were killed either in the air or before they were able to get free of their chutes, a further 50 were wounded in the air or upon landing. Several men were missing in action at the drop. The total injuries (not by wounding) on the drop were 210.
1381:, a 1908 graduate of Texas A&M, was the American artillery commander on Corregidor. With the help of Major Tom Dooley, of A&M's class of 1935, Moore gathered the names of 25 other Aggies for a customary school muster on 21 April –
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Large numbers of Japanese troops drowned while attempting to swim away from the Rock. Many of them, estimated in the thousands, sealed themselves in the numerous subterranean passages of the island. In compliance with the philosophy of
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MacArthur's strategy was to make a combined amphibious and airborne assault—among the most difficult of all modern military maneuvers—to retake the island. Although this particular plan of action had been used to good effect during the
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At 08:33 on 16 February, barely three minutes after their intended time and facing 16–18 knot winds over the drop zones, the first of one thousand troopers of the 503rd PRCT began dropping out of C-47 troop carriers of the US
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Despite the grueling air and naval bombardment that left the defending troops dazed and scattered, they rallied and fierce fighting erupted almost immediately. At one point that same morning, they threatened to drive a
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Corregidor today is a tourist destination in the Philippines. Over the years, most of the decrepit artillery pieces and significant battle sites on the island have been restored as important historical landmarks.
1332:, the defenders, hiding in caves and tunnels like the ones at Malinta Hill, preferred to commit suicide rather than surrender. Corregidor reverberated with many underground explosions for days afterward.
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Corregidor in 1945—though it lacked in importance to the defensive strategy of the Japanese that it previously had held for the Americans in early 1942—remained a formidable sentinel to the entrance to
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At the same time the 503rd paratroopers touched down at 'Topside', the first wave of 3rd Battalion under Lt. Col. Edward M. Postlethwait of the 24th Infantry Division's 34th Infantry Regiment (under
1043:. When the last American and Filipino troops on the peninsula surrendered on 9 April 1942, the Japanese were able to mass artillery for an all-out attack of the Rock and its antiquated batteries.
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Japanese sources have estimated that there were about 6,700 Japanese on the island when the 503rd PRCT and 34th Infantry landed, of which only 50 survived. Another 19 were taken prisoner, and 20
1143:) of bombs dropped. Estimated figures since the bombing campaign started up to 24 February showed 2,028 effective sorties, with 3,163 short tons (2,869 t) of bombs dropped on Corregidor.
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There were no more organized Japanese attacks for the rest of the campaign. Only isolated pockets of resistance continued to fight on until 26 February, when Corregidor was declared secured.
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with an aerial bombardment on 29 December 1941, several days after MacArthur moved his headquarters there, but the heaviest attacks throughout the siege were from artillery based on nearby
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fought the blaze, contributing greatly to saving his ship, but was badly injured and died the next day. For his valor and personal sacrifice he was posthumously awarded the
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Cain—occupied the North Dock and guarded the harbor. They intended to keep the Japanese troops inside the tunnel as other units moved inland, accompanied by tanks and
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shelling from close to shore and braving sporadic Japanese artillery counterfire, with minesweepers operating around the island by the next day. The softening up, or
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landings, the airborne phase was risky. As small as it was, at just over five square miles, the tadpole-shaped island made a difficult target for a parachute drop.
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The surrender of Corregidor in 1942 and the ensuing fate of its 11,000 American and Filipino defenders led to a particular sense of moral purpose in General
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amphibious landing sites. The American premise was that the Japanese would certainly not expect an airborne landing on such an unlikely target.
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charges, mortar attacks, and a suicide squad of soldiers with explosives strapped to their bodies; they killed over 300 Japanese.
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On 23 January 1945, the aerial bombing to soften up the defenses on Corregidor commenced. Daily strikes by heavy bombers of the
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groups coming out of the subterranean passages of the island to waylay the advancing American troops.
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Retaking the Philippines: America's Return to Corregidor and Bataan, October 1944 – March 1945
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World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia (Military History of the United States)
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Japanese activity afterwards implied that the Japanese garrison had been wiped out.
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1666:. U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, D.C.:
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Paratroopers of the 503rd PRCT descend on Corregidor, 16 February 1945.
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Pacific War Diary, 1942–1945: The Secret Diary of an American Sailor
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Corregidor.Org: Bloody Corregidor Battle Remembered by David Brown
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the previous December), of the island lasted for three more days.
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Softly Call the Muster: The Evolution of a Texas Aggie Tradition
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the 163rd Field Artillery Battalion, as listed at RockForce.org.
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1110:. The amphibious assault was by the reinforced 3rd Battalion,
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Corregidor.Org: Rock Force, We Storm Corregidor by Jan Valtin
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1562:(1st ed.). College Station: Texas A&M University.
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and an hour of low-altitude bombing and strafing runs by
1162:(so-called after an intense pre-invasion bombardment of
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into the paratroopers' tenuous foothold on 'Topside'.
1118:(LCMs) of the 592nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment.
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provides fire support during the Corregidor landings
16:
For the Japanese capture of Corregidor in 1942, see
1335:There were very few Japanese soldiers captured. An
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1086:, the same units which undertook the capture of
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1135:(USAAF) continued until 16 February, with 595
1094:Battalion and elements of the 462nd Parachute
1742:United States Army Center of Military History
1727:United States Army Center of Military History
1668:United States Army Center of Military History
1078:The role of recapturing the Rock went to the
981:The retaking of the island, officially named
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8:
1602:Back to Corregidor: America Retakes the Rock
1535:. Emerald Coast A&M Club. Archived from
1468:"List of Rock Force units at Rockforce.org"
1759:South West Pacific theatre of World War II
1732:World War II Medal of Honor Recipients M-S
1717:World War II Medal of Honor Recipients A-F
1363:surfaced after the war on 1 January 1946.
1344:he said, at the ceremonial raising of the
579:South West Pacific theatre of World War II
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1180:was hit by an enemy shell and set afire.
976:United States Army Forces in the Far East
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1616:Corregidor: The Rock Force Assault, 1945
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1702:Corregidor.Org: 503rd PRCT on The Rock
1195:At sunrise on 16 February, attacks by
1080:503rd Parachute Regimental Combat Team
131:Battle for the Recapture of Corregidor
1414:Military History of the United States
1279:34th Infantry lands at San Jose Point
7:
1513:. The Association of Former Students
1031:The Japanese opened their attack on
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1789:Airborne operations of World War II
1409:Military History of the Philippines
1395:lives on Corregidor and elsewhere.
1372:The Association of Former Students
23:WWII battle in the Pacific Theater
14:
1385:in Texas, the anniversary of the
1374:– detailing the events. In 1942,
1287:) waded ashore and established a
1764:Philippines campaign (1944–1945)
1429:Philippines campaign (1941–1942)
855:Philippines campaign (1944–1945)
592:Philippines campaign (1941–1942)
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65:"Battle of Corregidor" 1945
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1150:added to the bombardment, with
324:Philippines campaign (1944–45)
41:needs additional citations for
1323:The remains of a Japanese cave
1:
1133:United States Army Air Forces
1794:February 1945 events in Asia
1678:World War II Order of Battle
1197:Consolidated B-24 Liberators
978:during their 1942 invasion.
953:Battle for the Recapture of
1676:Stanton, Shelby L. (1991).
1657:Smith, Robert Ross (1963).
1285:Col. Aubrey S. "Red" Newman
1810:
1660:Triumph in the Philippines
1618:by (1988) Presidio Press
1590:(1986) St. Martin’s Press
1511:"The Aggies of Corregidor"
1424:History of the Philippines
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964:Labanan para sa Corregidor
616:Dutch East Indies campaign
15:
1604:(1992) St. Martins Press
1419:Military History of Japan
1214:317th Troop Carrier Group
1108:317th Troop Carrier Group
1102:. They were airlifted by
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1646:(1992) Houghton Mifflin
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1116:Landing Craft Mechanized
985:, along with the bloody
833:Neutralisation of Rabaul
699:Solomon Islands campaign
470:Cotabato and Maguindanao
1769:1945 in the Philippines
1558:Adams, John A. (1994).
1271:Seizure of Malinta Hill
1203:preceded the landings.
1722:18 August 2011 at the
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1112:34th Infantry Regiment
1084:24th Infantry Division
1054:Strategy for recapture
535:Action of 24 July 1945
285:20 surrendered postwar
246:Edward M. Postlethwait
237:Commanders and leaders
1737:30 April 2008 at the
1387:Battle of San Jacinto
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1186:Elmer Charles Bigelow
1021:Capture of Corregidor
974:the bastion from the
269:Casualties and losses
264:6,700 Japanese troops
1614:Edward M. Flanagan
1539:on 27 September 2007
1340:the immediate area.
1207:Touchdown on Topside
1146:On 13 February, the
1100:75 mm pack howitzers
1027:Battle of Corregidor
811:New Britain campaign
525:South China Sea raid
50:improve this article
18:Battle of Corregidor
970:. The Japanese had
818:Operation Cartwheel
728:New Guinea campaign
172:16–26 February 1945
1474:on 26 January 2016
1457:Smith 1963, p. 341
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1148:United States Navy
755:Nassau Bay Landing
1779:History of Cavite
1680:. Galahad Books.
1670:. CMH Pub 5-10-1.
1632:(2000) Routledge
1600:Gerard M. Devlin
1586:William B. Breur
1376:Brigadier General
1361:Japanese holdouts
1346:Stars and Stripes
1246:Lloyd G. McCarter
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1774:1945 in Japan
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1218:5th Air Force
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1198:
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1039:and later on
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872:Lingayen Gulf
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655:Badung Strait
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388:Lingayen Gulf
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216:United States
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184:, Philippines
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109:
106:February 2011
98:
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84:
81:
77:
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70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
19:
1746:
1677:
1659:
1643:
1629:
1615:
1601:
1587:
1559:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:the original
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1505:
1493:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:the original
1462:
1453:
1443:
1397:
1392:Aggie Muster
1365:
1358:
1350:
1342:
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1326:
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1301:
1294:
1282:
1262:
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1210:
1194:
1184:First Class
1176:
1168:
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1145:
1130:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1045:
1030:
1005:
999:
980:
963:
952:
950:
925:North Borneo
913:
906:
881:
787:
780:
775:Aitape-Wewak
760:Salamaua-Lae
750:Bismarck Sea
740:Kokoda Track
721:Bougainville
685:North Borneo
520:Convoy Hi-81
507:
496:Shin'yĹŤ Maru
495:
490:Convoy Hi-71
483:
482:
475:
468:
455:
454:
450:Bessang Pass
418:
417:
410:
403:
386:
379:
371:
370:
363:
341:
334:
283:19 prisoners
279:6,600 killed
202:Belligerents
156:
142:World War II
136:Part of the
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1628:S. Sandler
1543:17 December
1498:New Britain
1353:triphibious
1222:Kembu Group
1182:Watertender
1127:Bombardment
1010:Pacific War
995:Philippines
788:Persecution
711:New Georgia
706:Guadalcanal
680:2nd Tarakan
628:1st Tarakan
394:Kirang Pass
276:684 wounded
1784:Corregidor
1753:Categories
1581:References
1569:0890965862
1337:M4 Sherman
1252:Battle of
1156:destroyers
1139:(540
1137:short tons
1061:Manila Bay
1033:Corregidor
1016:Background
983:Fort Mills
955:Corregidor
940:Balikpapan
867:Leyte Gulf
675:2nd Borneo
623:1st Borneo
604:1st Bataan
509:Leyte Gulf
419:Corregidor
399:Cabanatuan
281:50 wounded
274:207 killed
76:newspapers
1517:17 August
1315:Aftermath
1289:beachhead
1175:USS
781:Recklesss
745:Buna–Gona
735:Coral Sea
599:Lamon Bay
515:Ormoc Bay
435:Los Baños
365:Cebu City
155:USS
1735:Archived
1720:Archived
1478:24 March
1403:See also
1267:Point".
1177:Fletcher
1152:cruisers
1092:Engineer
972:captured
968:fortress
960:Filipino
935:Beaufort
892:Mindanao
799:Noemfoor
665:Java Sea
498:incident
464:Bukidnon
457:Mindanao
445:Wawa Dam
256:Strength
177:Location
1330:BushidĹŤ
1239:salient
1225:Point.
1216:of the
1088:Mindoro
920:Tarakan
887:Visayas
838:Talasea
804:Morotai
650:Sumatra
503:Formosa
440:Palawan
381:Mindoro
336:Visayas
157:Claxton
90:scholar
1684:
1650:
1636:
1622:
1608:
1594:
1566:
1302:banzai
1264:Banzai
1254:Banzai
1122:Battle
1041:Bataan
1037:Cavite
930:Labuan
640:Manado
425:Baguio
412:Manila
405:Bataan
359:Negros
354:Simara
227:
213:
190:Result
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1664:(PDF)
1492:from
1435:Notes
1256:Point
1069:Luzon
914:Semut
877:Luzon
862:Leyte
823:Arawe
660:Timor
645:Ambon
477:Davao
373:Luzon
349:Panay
343:Leyte
230:Japan
97:JSTOR
83:books
1682:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1545:2006
1519:2024
1480:2018
1154:and
1104:C-47
1006:Rock
951:The
907:Agas
794:Biak
670:Java
169:Date
69:news
140:of
52:by
1755::
1348:.
1012:.
997:.
962::
1690:.
1572:.
1547:.
1521:.
1482:.
1141:t
958:(
569:e
562:t
555:v
314:e
307:t
300:v
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
20:.
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