Battle of Culloden - Knowledge (XXG)

1599:. Interesting finds have been made in the areas on which the fiercest fighting occurred on the government left wing, particularly where Barrell's and Dejean's regiments stood. For example, pistol balls and pieces of shattered muskets have been uncovered here which indicate close-quarters fighting, as pistols were used only at close range, and the musket pieces appear to have been smashed by pistol/musket balls or heavy broadswords. Finds of musket balls appear to mirror the lines of men who stood and fought. Some balls appear to have been dropped without being fired, some missed their targets, and others are distorted from hitting human bodies. In some cases, it may be possible to identify whether the Jacobites or government soldiers fired certain rounds because the Jacobite forces are known to have used a large number of French muskets, which fired a slightly smaller calibre shot than that of the British Army's 1615:, may lead archaeologists to these graves. A geophysical survey, directly beneath the spot at which the coin was found, seems to indicate the existence of a large rectangular burial pit. It is thought possible that the coin was dropped by a soldier who once served on the Continent while he visited the graves of his fallen comrades. The National Trust of Scotland is currently trying to restore Culloden Moor, as closely as possible, to the state it was in during the Battle of Culloden Moor. It is also trying to expand the land under its care to ensure the full battlefield is protected under the NTS. Another goal is to restore Leannach Cottage and allow visitors once again to tour its interior. 922: 1196:

a small battalion of MacGregors. At least two of those present at Ruthven, James Johnstone and John Daniel, recorded that the Highland troops remained in good spirits despite the defeat and eager to resume the campaign. At that point, continuing Jacobite resistance remained potentially viable in terms of manpower. At least a third of the army had either missed or slept through Culloden, which along with survivors from the battle gave a potential force of 5,000 to 6,000 men. However the roughly 1,500 men who assembled at Ruthven Barracks received orders from Charles to the effect that the army should disperse until he returned with French support.

1437: 149: 1169: 886:, Lord John Drummond walked across the front of the Jacobite lines to try and tempt the government infantry into firing early, but they maintained their discipline. The three MacDonald regiments (Keppoch's, Clanranald's and Glengarry's) stalled before resorting to ineffectual long-range musket fire. They also lost senior officers, as Clanranald was wounded and Keppoch killed. The smaller units on their right (Maclachlan's Regiment and Chisholm's and Monaltrie's battalions) advanced into an area swept by artillery fire and suffered heavy losses before falling back. 4889: 608: 914: 1576: 1865: 1009: 1624: 685: 4262: 1274:

Highlands, and on 17 May, three battalions of regulars and eight Highland companies reoccupied Fort Augustus. The same day, the Macphersons surrendered. On the day of the planned rendezvous, Clanranald never appeared and Lochgarry and Barisdale showed up with only about 300 combined, most of whom immediately dispersed in search of food. Lochiel, who commanded possibly the strongest Jacobite regiment at Culloden, mustered 300 men. The group dispersed, and the following week, the government launched

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ground along the road running diagonally across Drummossie Moor. The five regiments became entangled as a single mass, converging on the government left. The confusion was worsened when the three largest regiments lost their commanding officers, all at the front of the advance: MacGillivray and MacBean of Lady Mackintosh's both went down; Inverallochie of Lovat's fell and Lochiel had his ankles broken by canister within a few yards of the government lines.

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were almost upon us before we had loaden again. We immediately gave them another full Fire and the Front Rank charged their Bayonets Breast high, and the Center and Rear Ranks kept up a continual Firing, which, in half an Hour's Time, routed their whole Army. Only Barrel's Regiment and ours was engaged, the Rebels designing to break or flank us but our Fire was so hot, most of us having discharged nine Shot each, that they were disappointed".

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under Perth. While Murray led his detachment back to camp along the Inverness road, Perth continued, unaware of the change in plan. One account claims his troops made contact with government sentries before realising their colleagues had turned around. Although some historians suggest the night attack might have remained viable if he had continued, most argue their numbers were too small to have any effect.

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upon the right where I had placed myself, imagining the greatest push would be there, they came down there several times within a hundred yards of our men, firing their pistols and brandishing their swords, but the Royal Scots and Pulteneys hardly took their fire-locks from their shoulders, so that after those faint attempts they made off; and the little squadrons on our right were sent to pursue them".

6852: 730:, which was inspected by Brigadier Stapleton of the Irish Brigade and Colonel Ker on the morning of 15 April. They rejected Murray's suggestion, arguing the ground was "mossy and soft", while it also failed to protect the road into Inverness. The debate remained unresolved by the time of the battle, while the Jacobite army ultimately formed their line west of the site originally chosen by Sullivan. 1605:. Analysis of the finds confirms that the Jacobites used muskets in greater numbers than has traditionally been thought. Not far from where the hand-to-hand fighting took place, fragments of mortar shells have been found. Though Forbes's headstones mark the graves of the Jacobites, the location of the graves of about 60 government soldiers is unknown. However, the recent discovery of a 1752 silver 1768: 3019:

armed force took place during the Second World War. On 27 September 1940, a German Ju 88 bomber crash-landed on Graveney Marsh in Kent. When some British troops who were billeted in a nearby pub turned up to investigate, they came under machine-gun fire from the crew. The British returned fire, and – after one German airman was shot in the foot – the crew surrendered.

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general deroute wch will soon be, Seize upon the Prince & take him off ...". Contrary to government depictions of Charles as a coward, he yelled "they won't take me alive!" and called for a final charge into the government lines: Shea, however, followed Sullivan's advice and led Charles from the field, accompanied by Perth and Glenbucket's regiments.

1362:. Only one copy still exists, which appears to be forged since it was not signed by Murray, and appears on the bottom half of a copy of a declaration published in 1745. Over the next two days, the moor was searched and wounded rebels were put to death. In total, over 20,000 head of livestock, sheep, and goats were driven off and sold at 1100:, and the remains of the Jacobite right wing also retired southwards. The MacDonald and the other Highland left-wing regiments, however, were cut off by the government cavalry and were forced to retreat down the road to Inverness. The result was that they were a clear target for government dragoons. Major-General 1195:

Following the battle, the Jacobites' Lowland regiments headed south towards Corrybrough and made their way to Ruthven Barracks, and their Highland units made their way north towards Inverness and on through to Fort Augustus. There, they were joined by Barisdale's battalion of Glengarry's regiment and

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to ride them down. The boggy ground, however, impeded the cavalry, and they turned to engage the Irish Picquets whom Sullivan and Lord John Drummond had brought up in an attempt to stabilise the deteriorating Jacobite left flank. Cumberland later wrote: "They came running on in their wild manner, and

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for government troops following the battle. A stone, known as "The English Stone", is situated west of the Old Leanach cottage and is said to mark the burial place of the government dead. West of this site lies another stone, erected by Forbes to mark the place that the body of Alexander McGillivray

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In striking contrast to the Jacobite losses, the government losses were reported as 50 dead and 259 wounded. Of the 438 men of Barrell's 4th Foot, 17 were killed and 104 were wounded. However, a large proportion of those recorded as wounded are likely to have died of their wounds. Only 29 men out of

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are estimated at between 1,500 and 2,000 killed or wounded, with many of them occurring in the pursuit after the battle. Cumberland's official list of prisoners taken includes 154 Jacobites and 222 "French" prisoners (men from the "foreign units" in the French service). Added to the official list of

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As Cumberland's forces formed into line of battle, it became clear that their right flank was in an exposed position, and Cumberland moved up additional cavalry and other units to reinforce it. In the Jacobite lines, Sullivan moved two battalions of Lord Lewis Gordon's regiment to cover the walls at

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about 1 km to their right. Their left wing, anchored on the Culloden Park walls, was under the command of the titular Duke of Perth, James Drummond; his brother John Drummond commanded the centre. The right wing, flanked by the Culwhiniac enclosure walls, was led by Murray. Behind them, the Low

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If we mean an engagement between two armies, then the last battle on British soil was fought on 16 April 1746 at Culloden near Inverness in Scotland...Although it might be argued that it was too small to qualify as a battle, the last military engagement on British soil against members of a foreign

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Out of 27 officers of the English "Manchester Regiment", one died in prison; one was acquitted; one was pardoned, two were released for giving evidence, four escaped, two were banished, three were transported and eleven were executed. The sergeants of the regiment suffered worse, with seven out of

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An unknown British Army corporal's description of the charge into the government's left wing: "When we saw them coming towards us in great Haste and Fury, we fired at about 50 Yards Distance, which made Hundreds fall; notwithstanding which, they were so numerous, that they still advanced, and

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appear to have retired from the field in two wings; one part surrendered after suffering 50 killed or wounded, but their colours were not taken and a large number retired from the field with the Jacobite Lowland regiments. A few Highland regiments also withdrew in good order, notably Lovat's first

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and commenced an orderly retreat, moving along the Culwhiniac enclosure to shield themselves from artillery fire. Immediately, the half battalion of Highland militia, commanded by Captain Colin Campbell of Ballimore, which had stood inside the enclosure ambushed them. In the encounter, Campbell of

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to within 100 m of the Jacobite lines to "ascertain the strength of their battery". The government artillery responded shortly afterwards. Some later Jacobite memoirs suggest that their troops were then subjected to artillery bombardment for 30 minutes or more while Charles delayed an advance, but

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Not long after the exhausted Jacobite forces had made it back to Culloden, an officer of Lochiel's regiment, who had been left behind after falling asleep in a wood, arrived with a report of advancing government troops. By then, many Jacobite soldiers had dispersed in search of food or returned to

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and his son. The plan was that there they would be joined by what remained of Keppoch's men and Macpherson of Cluny's regiment, which had not taken part in the battle at Culloden. However, things did not go as planned. After about a month of relative inactivity, Cumberland moved his army into the

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Similar orders must have been received by the Highland units at Fort Augustus, and by 18 April, the majority of the Jacobite army had been disbanded. Officers and men of the units in French service made for Inverness, where they surrendered as prisoners of war on 19 April. Most of the rest of the

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As a result, it was one hour before dawn when Murray's leading elements reached Culraick, still 2 miles (3.2 km) from the intended crossing point over the River Nairn. After a heated debate, Murray concluded the attack should be aborted, but this message was not communicated to the 1,200 men

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The stand by the French regulars gave Charles and other senior officers time to escape. Charles seems to have been rallying Perth's and Glenbucket's regiments when Sullivan rode up to Captain Shea, commander of his bodyguard: "Yu see all is going to pot. Yu can be of no great succor, so before a

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Brigade, Lochiel's and the Appin Regiment left their start positions and charged towards Barrell's and Munro's regiments. Within a few hundred yards, however, the centre regiments, Lady Mackintosh's and Lovat's, had begun to swerve rightwards to try to avoid canister fire or to follow the firmer

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them, wheeled in upon them; the whole then gave them 5 or 6 fires with vast execution, while their front had nothing left to oppose us, but their pistolls and broadswords; and fire from their center and rear, (as, by this time, they were 20 or 30 deep) was vastly more fatal to themselves, than

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ground, mainly for tenants of the Culloden estate. Those visiting can walk the site by way of footpaths on the ground and can also enjoy a view from above on a raised platform. Possibly the most recognisable feature of the battlefield today is the 20-foot (6 m)-tall memorial

1645:, often known as "The Battle of Culloden", is the best-known portrayal of the battle and the best-known of Morier's works. It depicts the attack of the Highlanders against Barrell's Regiment and is based on sketches made by Morier in the immediate aftermath of the battle. 848:

The duration implies that the government artillery is unlikely to have fired more than thirty rounds at extreme range: statistical analysis concludes that would have caused only 20–30 Jacobite casualties at that stage, rather than the hundreds suggested by some accounts.

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A Highland Jacobite officer wrote: "We were likewise forbid in the attack to make use of firearms, but only of sword, dirk and bayonet, to cutt the tent strings, and pull down the poles, and where observed a swelling or bulge in the falen tent, there to strick and push

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Culwhiniac against a possible flank attack by government dragoons. Murray also moved the Jacobite right slightly forwards. That "changement", as Sullivan called it, had the unintended result of skewing the Jacobite line and opening gaps and so Sullivan ordered Perth's,

1477:(which included clan chiefs) had considerable judicial and military power over their followers such as the oft-quoted power of "pit and gallows". Lords who were loyal to the government were greatly compensated for the loss of these traditional powers. For example, the 2120:

Cumberland wrote: "A captain and fifty foot to march directly and visit all the cottages in the neighbourhood of the field of battle, and search for rebels. The officers and men will take notice that the public orders of the rebels yesterday was to give us no

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and Kilmarnock's Footguards were forced out into the open moor and were engaged by three squadrons of Kerr's 11th Dragoons. The fleeing Jacobites must have put up a fight since Kerr's 11th recorded at least 16 horses killed during the entirety of the battle.

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Country regiments were drawn up in column, in accordance with French practice. During the morning, snow and hail "started falling very thick" onto the already wet ground and later turned to rain, but the weather turned fair as the battle started.

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The Irish Picquets under Stapleton bravely covered the Highlanders' retreat from the battlefield, preventing the fleeing Jacobites from suffering heavy casualties. That action cost half of the 100 casualties that they suffered in the battle. The

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from the Jacobite position, Cumberland gave the order to form line, and the army marched forward in full battle order. John Daniel, an Englishman serving with Charles's army, recorded that on seeing the government troops the Jacobites began to

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is located near the site of the battle. It was first opened in December 2007, with the intention of preserving the battlefield in a condition similar to how it was on 16 April 1746. One difference is that it currently is covered in shrubs and

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The Jacobite right was particularly hard hit by a volley from the government regiments at nearly point-blank range, but many of its men still reached the government lines, and for the first time, a battle was decided by a direct clash between

832:'s and the Edinburgh Regiment from the second line to the first. While the Jacobites' front rank now substantially outnumbered that of Cumberland, their reserve was further depleted, increasing their reliance on a successful initial attack. 551:

Charles and his senior officers decided their only option was to stand and fight. When the two armies met at Culloden, the battle lasted less than an hour, with the Jacobites suffering a bloody defeat. This ended both the 1745 rising, and

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estate, 5 miles (8 km) to the east. The leadership was divided on whether to give battle or abandon Inverness, but with most of their dwindling supplies stored in the town, they feared retreat meant the army might disintegrate.

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After the abortive night attack, the Jacobites formed up in substantially the same battle order as the previous day, with the Highland regiments forming the first line. They faced north-east over common grazing land, with the

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Shortly after 1 pm, Charles issued an order to advance, which Colonel Harry Kerr of Graden first took to Perth's regiment, on the extreme left. He then rode down the Jacobite line giving orders to each regiment in turn.

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mortars situated behind the government front line. As there was no need for careful aiming when canister was used, the rate of fire increased dramatically, and the Jacobites found themselves advancing into heavy fire.

2879:"An act to prevent the return of such rebels and traitors concerned in the late rebellion, as have been, or shall be pardoned on condition of transportation; and also to hinder their going into the enemies country." 742:

to each regiment. Hoping they would be less vigilant as a result, the Jacobite leaders decided to conduct a night attack on the government encampment. Murray's instructions were for his troops to use only swords,

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is a historical novel by Ian Colquhoun (Arima/Swirl 2008) that tells the story of the battle and the preceding days from the point of view of the Franco-Irish regulars, or 'Piquets', who covered the Jacobite

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government accounts suggest a much shorter exchange before the Jacobites attacked. Campbell of Airds, in the rear, timed it at 9 minutes, but Cumberland's aide-de-camp Yorke suggested only 2 or 3 minutes.

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Following up on the military success won by their forces, the British government enacted laws to further integrate Scotland, specifically the Scottish Highlands, with the rest of Britain. Members of the

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knowing how the battle would turn out and was still, once transported to the 18th century, caught up in the foredoomed struggle. The battle figures in the 29th episode (Season 2, episode 13) of the

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left the Jacobites short of money and food. When Cumberland left Aberdeen on 8 April to resume the campaign, Charles and his officers agreed their best option was to gamble on a set piece battle.

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of Dunmaglass was found after the battle. A stone lies on the eastern side of the battlefield and is supposed to mark the spot from which Cumberland directed the battle. The battlefield has been

1258:. The result was the last real engagement of the campaign. During the six hours in which the battle continued, the Jacobites recovered cargo that had been landed by the French ships, including 754:, supported by Lord John Drummond and Prince Charles. The Jacobite force did not begin its march until well after dark, partly due to avoid being spotted by ships of the Royal Navy then in the 1699:

The Battle of Culloden and the consequent imprisonment and execution of the Jacobite prisoners of war is depicted in the song "Tam kde teče řeka Fleet" ("Where the Fleet river flows") by the

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In 1881, Duncan Forbes erected the headstones that mark the mass graves of fallen Jacobite soldiers. They lie on either side of an early 19th-century road which runs through the battlefield.

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and bravado them" but without response: "on the contrary, they continued proceeding, like a deep sullen river". Once within 500 metres, Cumberland moved his artillery up through the ranks.

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was given £21,000. The lords and clan chiefs who had supported the Jacobite rebellion were stripped of their estates, which were then sold and the profits were used to further trade and

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amongst themselves, and only one out of twenty actually came to trial. Although most of those who stood trial were sentenced to death, almost all of them had their sentences commuted to

1192:. It has been suggested that Lovat shrewdly switched sides and turned upon the retreating Jacobites, an act that would explain his remarkable rise in fortune in the years that followed. 2083:, dealing with a Scottish family that emigrated to Canada after the Battle of Culloden and examining how their past influences their present, contains numerous references to the battle. 6926: 1951:(1992, London) is a detailed fictional tale, based on historical sources, of the Scots, Highlanders, and Lowlanders, mostly the Highlanders within Clan Fraser. It has the element of 2059:

is sent back in time to 18th-century Scotland by an alien angered over the death of a child, and he participates in the Battle of Culloden before he is returned to the 23rd century.

4399:"A plan of the Battle of Culloden and the adjacent country, shewing the incampment of the English army at Nairn and the march of the Highlanders in order to attack them by night" 618:

Despite its lack of tangible result, the invasion boosted recruiting, bringing Jacobite strength to over 8,000. These troops, along with French-supplied artillery, were used to

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and formed infantry equipped with muskets and socket bayonets. The brunt of the Jacobite impact, led by Lochiel's regiment, was taken by only two government regiments:

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The Jacobite left, by contrast, advanced much more slowly, hampered by boggy ground and by having several hundred yards further to cover. According to the account of

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that were full of people imprisoned by Jacobite supporters by replacing them with Jacobites themselves. Prisoners were taken south to England to stand trial for

6911: 1969:, based upon Gabaldon's series of books. The battle and its importance to Scottish history is alluded to many times in the books and throughout the TV series. 1648:

David Morier in fact made two paintings depicting the battle; the second (pictured right) is a coloured woodcut painting that shows a plan of the battlefield.

5074: 300: 6936: 6906: 4969: 2070:(2001) in the aftermath of the Battle of Culloden. The work was praised by national critics when it came out and eventually won the PEN Club Fiction Award. 1470: 790:

Culloden House, in 1746, where the Jacobite leader Charles Edward Stuart had his headquarters and lodgings in the days leading up to the Battle of Culloden

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army broke up, with men heading for home or attempting to escape abroad, although the Appin Regiment amongst others was still in arms as late as July.

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felt the relatively flat and open ground selected by O'Sullivan favoured the government troops. He suggested an alternative steeply sloping site near

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on 27 February, and both sides halted operations until the weather improved. Although several French shipments were received during the winter, the

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being held by France. Of the total 3,471 prisoners recorded, nothing is known of the fate of 648. The high-ranking "rebel lords" were executed on

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From that point onward, the fleeing Jacobite forces were split into several groups: the Lowland regiments retired southwards, making their way to

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before being forced to turn back. However, by April 1746, the Jacobites were short of supplies, facing a superior and better equipped opponent.

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With visible proof that the French had not deserted them, a group of Jacobite leaders attempted to prolong the campaign. On 8 May, nearby at

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the 104 wounded from Barrell's 4th Foot later survived to claim pensions, and all six of the artillerymen recorded as wounded later died.

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and Brigadier Stapleton were also sent forward to repeat the order. As the Jacobites left their lines, the government gunners switched to

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and bayonets, to overturn tents and subsequently to locate "a swelling or bulge in the fallen tent, there to strike and push vigorously".

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ten hanged. At least seven privates were executed, some no doubt died in prison, and most of the rest were transported to the colonies.

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The plan drawn up by Murray called for simultaneous attacks on Cumberland's front and rear by his troops, and a second force under the

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and Kilmarnock's Footguards, who were still unengaged, but when they had been brought into position, the Jacobite first line had been

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As the first of the fleeing Highlanders approached Inverness, they were met by the 2nd battalion of Lovat's regiment, led by the

674: 393: 343: 217: 5026: 4848: 4398: 4392: 4380: 3039: 2393: 1804: 1551:, erected by Duncan Forbes in 1881. In the same year, Forbes also erected headstones to mark the mass graves of the clans. The 1275: 1228: 619: 468: 388: 4330: 1309:. For five months, Charles crisscrossed the Hebrides, constantly pursued by government supporters and under threat from local 1144:; Commissary-General Lachlan Maclachlan; and Walter Stapleton, who died of wounds shortly after the battle. Others, including 6931: 6876: 6832: 6755: 4989: 4803: 4773: 4456: 3324: 1789: 1659: 1350:

The morning after the battle, Cumberland issued a declaration to his troops claiming the rebels had been instructed to give "

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At approximately 1 pm, Finlayson's Jacobite batteries opened fire; possibly in response to Cumberland sending forward

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in Arisaig, where his party boarded two small French ships, which ferried them to France. He never returned to Scotland.

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battalion, which retired with colours flying. The government dragoons let it withdraw, rather than risk a confrontation.

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Inverness, and others were asleep in ditches and outbuildings. Several hundred of their army may have missed the battle.

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ended the hereditary right of landowners to govern justice upon their estates through barony courts. Prior to the Act,

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to take over command from Hawley. On 1 February, the siege of Stirling was abandoned, and the Jacobites withdrew to

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on the west coast of Scotland. After spending a few days with his close associates, he sailed for the island of

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farmhouse of Leanach that stands today dates from about 1760; however, it stands on the same location as the

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With the Jacobites who were left under Perth failing to advance further, Cumberland ordered two troops of

759: 712: 684: 631: 383: 3358: 1269:, Lochiel, Lochgarry, Clanranald and Barisdale all agreed to rendezvous at Invermallie on 18 May, as did 6605: 5653: 5021: 5016: 4933: 4823: 4783: 4728: 4623: 4522: 4350: 1965: 1869: 1517: 1189: 1122: 1055: 1008: 967: 955: 939: 611: 581: 569: 514: 443: 428: 418: 363: 348: 201: 4603: 3833:

The Lockhart papers: containing memoirs and commentaries upon the affairs of Scotland from 1702 to 1715

1732:", chronicling the development of the battle. The work was composed by the Italian-Scottish bandleader 954:. Huske ordered forward all of Lord Sempill's Fourth Brigade, which had a combined total of 1,078 men ( 3196: 6750: 5383: 4778: 4563: 4559: 3345: 1406: 1247: 1242: 1001: 963: 935: 906: 902: 859: 597: 510: 1668:, (1862–1953) was better known as a naval artist who mainly painted in watercolours, but he painted 982:

Poor Barrell's regiment were sorely pressed by those desperadoes and outflanked. One stand of their

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On 15 April, the government army celebrated Cumberland's 25th birthday by issuing two gallons of

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Although significant elements were absent elsewhere, the main Jacobite army of about 5,400 left

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was composed in the late 19th century and recalled the journey of Bonnie Prince Charlie from

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to the British throne. He quickly won control of large parts of Scotland, and an invasion of

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of the Battle of Culloden first published just six months after the battle, in October 1746

758:. Murray led it across country in order to avoid government outposts, but one participant, 277: 6856: 6811: 6665: 6571: 6452: 6403: 6363: 6335: 6291: 6031: 5950: 5938: 5918: 5893: 5848: 5838: 5743: 5738: 5683: 5673: 5668: 5623: 5618: 5588: 5548: 5303: 5248: 5238: 5163: 5158: 3505: 3307: 3106: 2003: 1924: 1913: 1651: 1398: 1259: 1016: 931: 577: 483: 3221: 3136: 2966: 1313:, who were tempted to betray him for the £30,000 upon his head. During that time, he met 3166: 1425:

that was passed in June 1747. Another 382 obtained their freedom by being exchanged for

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Battle lines at Culloden, including initial redeployments by both Charles and Cumberland

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Cairns, Craig (2012). "The Literary Tradition". In Devine, T M; Wormald, Jenny (eds.).

1948: 1700: 1592: 1560: 1534: 1530: 1505:

was banned except as a uniform for officers and soldiers in the British Army and later

1494: 1490: 1478: 1294: 1101: 894: 762:, later wrote "this march...on a dark night accompanied with confusion and disorder". 40: 6870: 6647: 6631: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6592: 6512: 6408: 6398: 6378: 6340: 6170: 6115: 5978: 5908: 5878: 5863: 5788: 5783: 5773: 5748: 5723: 5698: 5633: 5533: 5433: 5408: 5323: 5313: 5293: 5283: 5273: 5268: 5253: 5243: 5233: 5218: 5124: 4446: 4239: 3831: 2542: 2019: 2015: 2014:(1994) is a cinematic dramatisation of the events leading up to the battle, starring 1984: 1936: 1891: 1681: 1665: 1552: 1506: 1363: 1212: 951: 863: 727: 573: 398: 3031: 1696:

was written as a tribute to the Duke of Cumberland following the Battle of Culloden.

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in 1746, hours after the Battle of Culloden. The story introduces the character of

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hand cutt off in their defence ... We marched up to the enemy, and our left,

3915: 1281:

After his flight from the battle, Charles Edward Stuart made his way towards the

1084:

recorded as captured by government forces at the battle. That and a similar blue

6827: 6673: 6424: 6413: 6388: 6368: 6316: 6160: 6143: 6088: 6069: 6064: 5923: 5798: 5778: 5763: 5758: 5733: 5663: 5603: 5558: 5518: 5513: 5503: 5468: 5463: 5438: 5403: 5393: 5388: 5378: 5368: 5343: 5333: 5328: 5213: 5198: 5168: 1956: 1952: 1767: 1737: 1733: 1718: 1703: 1588: 1584: 1378: 1126: 796: 755: 677:. However, Drummond decided he could not hold his position and withdrew towards 3073: 1285:, accompanied by a small group of supporters. By 20 April, Charles had reached 6837: 6745: 6693: 6642: 6581: 6576: 6321: 6277: 6272: 6244: 6204: 6110: 6039: 5970: 5873: 5868: 5843: 5818: 5753: 5508: 5483: 5398: 5338: 5318: 5208: 5203: 5193: 5153: 4483: 4435: 3885: 2040:, the opening chapter deals with the protagonist's service battle of Culloden. 1979: 1601: 1453: 1430: 1351: 1234: 1233:. Two days later, the French ships were spotted and attacked by three smaller 1176: 1105: 947: 670: 654: 585: 553: 187: 167: 3906:

Paoletti, Ciro. "The Battle of Culloden: A Pivotal Moment in World History."

1417:(20 Geo. 2. c. 46). In all, 936 men were thus transported, and 222 more were 111: 98: 6657: 6483: 5928: 5858: 5828: 5823: 5543: 5493: 5458: 5453: 5423: 5413: 5188: 3534:

Drummossie Moor – Jack Cameron, The Irish Brigade and the Battle of Culloden

2045: 2026:

Drummossie Moor – Jack Cameron, The Irish Brigade and the battle of Culloden

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punitive expeditions into the Highlands that continued throughout the summer

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those apprehended were 172 of the Earl of Cromartie's men, captured after a

950:, who was in command of the government's second line, quickly organised the 703: 646: 642: 502: 4375:"A plan of the battle of Coullodin moore fought on the 16th of Aprile 1746" 1727: 925:

The Well of the Dead; modern remains of the park wall on the Jacobite right

3711:

The '45: Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising

292: 6765: 6715: 6209: 5713: 5443: 4914: 3510: 1282: 1059:

Ballimore was killed along with five of his men. The result was that the

692: 658: 650: 626:. On 17 January, the Jacobites dispersed a government relief force under 589: 533: 90: 4336:

Controversy over the redevelopment of the NTS visitor centre at Culloden

4335: 4250: 3917:

An Old Story Re-told From The "Newcastle Courant". The Rebellion of 1745

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The Jacobite Wars: Scotland and the Military Campaigns of 1715 and 1745

1939:, depicts the battle in the style of 20th-century television reporting. 1792: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1543: 1286: 1218: 1148:, were captured. The only high-ranking government officer casualty was 1136:

Several senior Jacobite commanding officers were casualties, including

1085: 1012: 867: 593: 576:, and launched an attempt to reclaim the British throne for the exiled 541: 4321:

Cumberland's dispatch from the battle, published in the London Gazette

4136:

Culloden: Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire

6760: 1999: 1977:(1966–1967) is a serial in the BBC science fiction television series 1929: 1753:(Autumn/Winter 2006) is inspired by the widows left after the battle. 1687: 1607: 1502: 1382: 1237: 875: 821: 811:, the Jacobites finally saw them approaching at a distance of around 739: 1960: 1863: 1622: 1574: 1548: 1522: 1516: 1435: 1418: 1334: 1310: 1167: 1075: 1021: 1007: 920: 893: 807:, leaving the main Inverness road and marching across country. By 785: 777: 744: 683: 678: 606: 601: 545: 5093: 4346:

Ghosts of Culloden including the Great Scree and Highlander Ghost

1465:

clergy were required to give oaths of allegiance to the reigning

6775: 6740: 4554: 2620:"David Morier (1705?–70) – An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745" 1542:. During the 18th century, however, the area was used as common 1394: 1370: 1318: 1047: 673:, which was guarded by a 2,000-strong Jacobite detachment under 5097: 4408: 3791:

Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685–1720

296: 3482: 2169: 1907: 1761: 1556: 4404: 4186:

Ordnance Survey Complete Guide to the Battlefields of Britain

3946:

Culloden: The History and Archaeology of the Last Clan Battle

3646:

A Land Afflicted: Scotland & the Covenanter Wars, 1638–90

2202: 2200: 1015:

drill innovation said to have been developed to counter the "

2154: 3428:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 114. 2163: 1421:. Even so, 905 prisoners were actually released under the 1042:

With the collapse of the left wing, Murray brought up the

2798:

The Jacobite Movement in Scotland and in Exile, 1746–1759

2590: 2588: 1321:. Finally, on 19 September, Charles reached Borrodale on 803:

Cumberland's army had struck camp and become underway by

4331:

Culloden Moor and the Story of the Battle (1867 account)

3281:

University of Glasgow Centre for Battlefield Archaeology

2362: 2360: 3405:

Johnson, David (December 2012). "The skye boat song".

1641:(as shown in the infobox at the top of this page), by 3372:"Encyclopedia of Collections: The Widows of Culloden" 3359:

Hakka Muggies – Feed The Fairies (2010, CD) | Discogs

3271: 3269: 2151: 1572:

under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.

1322: 1210: 4018:

1745, A Military History of the Last Jacobite Rising

3728:

Harrington, Peter (1991). Chandler, David G. (ed.).

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led the pursuit of the fleeing Highlanders, giving "

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Culloden Moor 1746: The Death of the Jacobite Cause

3772:

Restoration: Charles II and his Kingdoms, 1660–1685

2961: 2959: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2157: 273: 264: 259: 3654: 2998:"What was the last battle fought on British soil?" 2808: 2806: 1890:The Battle of Culloden is an important episode in 917:Colours of Barrell's Regiment, carried at Culloden 706:on 15 April, and assembled in battle order at the 634:, although the siege itself made little progress. 3692:Fight for a Throne: The Jacobite '45 Reconsidered 1902:, which has been made into a TV serial twice: by 1583:Since 2001, the site of the battle has undergone 592:, and Charles persuaded his colleagues to invade 2443: 2441: 1346:depicts the search for Jacobites after Culloden. 4158:Culloden: The Last Charge of the Highland Clans 2599:. Pen and Sword (Kindle ed). p. loc. 2128. 1317:, who famously aided him in a narrow escape to 1108:but about Fifty French Officers and Soldiers". 980: 25: 6927:Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland 3730:Culloden 1746, The Highland Clans' Last Charge 3426:The Oxford handbook of modern Scottish history 3197:"'The Well of the Dead', Culloden Battlefield" 3059: 3057: 2820: 2818: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2754: 2752: 2706: 2704: 2702: 556:as a significant element in British politics. 5109: 4420: 4212:Trench, Charles Pocklington Chevenix (1973). 4094:Jacobites; A New History of the '45 Rebellion 3623:William Robertson and the Expansion of Empire 3346:"Handel – Judas Maccabaeus – Programme Notes" 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 1920:(1947) deals with Culloden and its aftermath. 1670:The Highland Charge at the Battle of Culloden 308: 8: 3890:Jacobitism and the English People, 1688–1788 2578: 2576: 2527: 2525: 1501:in 1746. The result was that the wearing of 669:On 12 April, the government army forded the 536:in July 1745, seeking to restore his father 3277:"Point of Contact: Archaeology at Culloden" 1736:. He learned of the battle as a student at 1471:Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 1369:While in Inverness, Cumberland emptied the 5116: 5102: 5094: 4904: 4579: 4427: 4413: 4405: 4260: 3681:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2230: 1678:Royal Society of Painters in Water-Colours 1559:-walled cottage that probably served as a 315: 301: 293: 22: 4518:"James III & VIII", The Old Pretender 4393:"Plan of the battle of Collodin ..." 3321:"Augustin Heckel: The Battle of Culloden" 3101: 3099: 1852:Learn how and when to remove this message 1088:may have been used by the Atholl Brigade. 966:). Also sent forward to plug the gap was 3451:"10 great films set in the 18th century" 1485:. The forfeited estates were managed by 1366:, where the soldiers split the profits. 1209:Many senior Jacobites made their way to 978:the Jacobite right wing on three sides. 912: 4268:"Culloden: The Jacobites' Last Stand". 4177:Georgian Monarchy: Politics and Culture 2486: 2423: 2366: 2325: 2218: 2196: 2139: 2093: 866:, which was augmented by fire from the 614:, painted late 1745 (original now lost) 6922:National Trust for Scotland properties 6902:Battles of the Jacobite rising of 1745 4242:(director/writer) (15 December 1964). 3674: 3604:Britain As A Military Power, 1688-1815 3386:from the original on 20 September 2022 2313: 2289: 2265: 1906:in 1968, as eight episodes and by the 1658:(1746; reprinted 1797) is held by the 909:at the Battle of Cullodenin April 1746 905:regiment fighting highlanders of the 901:, a painting that shows grenadiers of 256: 4316:Culloden Battlefield Memorial Project 3310:nms.ac.uk. Retrieved August 13, 2017. 3226:Culloden Battlefield Memorial Project 3171:Culloden Battlefield Memorial Project 3141:Culloden Battlefield Memorial Project 3111:Culloden Battlefield Memorial Project 3078:Culloden Battlefield Memorial Project 3036:Culloden Battlefield Memorial Project 2971:Culloden Battlefield Memorial Project 2474: 2253: 2206: 1173:The End of the 'Forty Five' Rebellion 1154:William Kerr, 3rd Marquess of Lothian 1000:Captain-Lieutenant James Ashe Lee of 272: 263: 7: 6912:Military and war museums in Scotland 3749:Old and New World Highland Bagpiping 3644:Patterson, Raymond Campbell (1998). 3084:from the original on 19 October 2008 2547:. Scottish History Society. p. 2498: 2337: 2301: 2277: 1790:adding citations to reliable sources 1638:An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745 1175:depicts the retreat of the defeated 1112:Conclusion: casualties and prisoners 899:An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745 604:, before successfully withdrawing. 47:An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745 3657:The Scottish Covenanters, 1660–1688 3201:www.ambaile.org.uk (ambaile.org.uk) 3042:from the original on 18 August 2008 16:Part of the Jacobite rising of 1745 6937:Prince William, Duke of Cumberland 6907:Museums in Highland (council area) 4523:"Charles III", The Young Pretender 4326:Ascanius; or, the Young Adventurer 4075:The Scottish Jacobite Army 1745–46 3812:(2014 ed.). Nabu Publishing. 3117:from the original on 14 April 2010 2996:Humphrys, Julian (5 August 2021). 2926:from the original on 20 March 2009 890:Engagement of government left wing 521:government force commanded by the 501:took place on 16 April 1746, near 14: 6897:History of the Scottish Highlands 4925:Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1715 3585:The Jacobite Rebellions 1689–1745 3177:from the original on 27 June 2008 1533:fought on British soil. Today, a 1305:, and from there made his way to 6850: 4970:Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1746 4887: 4381:"Plan of the Battle of Culloden" 3232:from the original on 4 June 2008 3147:from the original on 5 July 2009 2977:from the original on 5 July 2009 2147: 1898:(1925), the first volume of her 1766: 161: 147: 39: 6887:Battles involving Great Britain 4849:Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore 4401:, by John(?) Finlayson, 1746(?) 3868:Scotland: The Story of a Nation 3753:McGill-Queen's University Press 3449:Wigley, Samuel (28 July 2016). 1777:needs additional citations for 1389:, and executions took place in 1123:brief engagement the day before 249:1,500–2,000 killed and wounded 6833:Independent Highland Companies 4990:Old military roads of Scotland 4804:War of the Austrian Succession 4774:Capture of Eilean Donan Castle 4457:Independent Highland Companies 4351:The "French Stone" at Culloden 4111:Roberts, John Leonard (2002). 3892:. Cambridge University Press. 3325:National Galleries of Scotland 1983:. The time-traveller known as 1660:National Galleries of Scotland 1297:. From there, he travelled to 1: 4985:Traitors Transported Act 1746 4749:War of the Quadruple Alliance 4395:, by Jasper Leigh Jones, 1746 4384: 4357:Historic Environment Scotland 4216:(1975 ed.). Allen Lane. 4179:. Cambridge University Press. 2824:Harrington (1991), pp. 85–86. 1613:Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1415:Traitors Transported Act 1746 1340:After Culloden: Rebel Hunting 1184:Collapse of Jacobite campaign 517:was decisively defeated by a 4540:Sophie, Electress of Hanover 3948:. Pen & Sword Military. 3810:The History of the Rebellion 2889:Roberts (2002), pp. 196–197. 2812:Roberts (2002), pp. 182–183. 2447:Roberts (2002), pp. 177–180. 1672:in oil. He exhibited at the 1444:depicting the executions of 1158:Sir Robert Rich, 5th Baronet 722:Jacobite Lieutenant-General 649:. Cumberland's army entered 6917:History museums in Scotland 4980:Treason Outlawries Act 1748 4361:"Battle of Culloden (BTL6)" 4195:George II: King and Elector 4193:Thompson, Andrew C (2011). 4184:Smurthwaite, David (1984). 4092:Riding, Jacqueline (2016). 4037:Highland Clansman 1689–1746 3944:Pollard, Tony, ed. (2009). 3929:. Oxford University Press. 3914:Pickering, W., ed. (1881). 3908:Journal of Military History 3846:Scotland, A Concise History 3836:. Vol. 2. W. Anderson. 3709:Duffy, Christopher (2003). 3690:Duffy, Christopher (2015). 3376:The Museum of Savage Beauty 2914:"Britain from 1742 to 1754" 2595:Pollard, Tony, ed. (2009). 1054:exchanged musket fire with 874:On the Jacobite right, the 622:, the strategic key to the 538:James Francis Edward Stuart 6953: 4474:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 4377:, by Daniel Paterson, 1746 4117:Edinburgh University Press 3793:(2007 ed.). Penguin. 3774:(2006 ed.). Penguin. 3627:Cambridge University Press 3621:Brown, Stewart J. (1997). 3380:Victoria and Albert Museum 1597:archaeological excavations 1513:Culloden battlefield today 1202: 1038:Jacobite collapse and rout 246:c. 50 killed, 259 wounded 131:British government victory 6846: 5133: 4885: 4594:Williamite War in Ireland 4442: 4197:. Yale University Press. 3999:British Redcoat 1740–1793 3561:McGarry, Stephen (2013). 3506:"Chasing the Deer (1994)" 2953:Gibson (2002), pp. 27–28. 2898:Harrington (1996), p. 88. 2860:Magnusson (2003), p. 623. 2767:Harrington (1991), p. 83. 2663:British Redcoat 1740–1793 2544:Origins of the Forty-Five 2435:Harrington (1991), p. 44. 1868:Culloden Memorial Cairn, 1205:Skirmish of Loch nan Uamh 1080:One of at least fourteen 580:. After their victory at 334: 283: 255: 240: 227: 173: 139: 59: 38: 30: 4960:Act of Proscription 1746 4759:Marquess of Tullibardine 3925:Pittock, Murray (2016). 3910:81.1 (2017). pp 187–198. 3747:Gibson, John G. (2002). 3252:"Inventory battlefields" 2796:Zimmerman, Doron (2003) 2541:Blaikie, Walter (1916). 2456:Lockhart (1817), p. 508. 2380:"Map of Drummossie Moor" 1955:, with the 20th-century 1935:written and directed by 1301:, off the east coast of 600:reached as far south as 544:reached as far south as 6080:Campbell of Breadalbane 5564:Macdonald of Clanranald 4764:General Joseph Wightman 4629:Battle of Killiecrankie 4341:Battle of Culloden Moor 3927:Culloden: Great Battles 3532:Colquhoun, Ian (2008). 3063:Reid (2002), pp. 91–92. 2919:Encyclopædia Britannica 2851:Roberts (2002), p. 178. 2842:Prebble (1973), p. 301. 2787:Reid (2002), pp. 88–90. 2710:Reid (2002), pp. 80–85. 2683:Reid (2002), pp. 72–80. 2674:Roberts (2002), p. 173. 2643:Reid (2002), pp. 68–72. 2465:Reid (2002), pp. 56–58. 1896:The Flight of the Heron 1595:surveys in addition to 1493:were taken against the 1483:agriculture in Scotland 620:besiege Stirling Castle 566:Jacobite rising of 1745 527:Jacobite rising of 1745 326:Jacobite rising of 1745 69:; 278 years ago 33:Jacobite rising of 1745 6726:Court of the Lord Lyon 5574:MacDonell of Glengarry 5137:List of Scottish clans 4834:Battle of Falkirk Muir 4649:Declaration of Finglas 4535:Act of Settlement 1701 4286:Black, Jeremy (2002). 4233:Film and documentaries 4175:Smith, Hannah (2006). 4134:Royle, Trevor (2017). 3602:Black, Jeremy (1998). 3456:British Film Institute 3370:Bethune, Kate (2015). 3306:13 August 2017 at the 3137:"Field of the English" 2182: 2062:The Portuguese author 1872: 1750:The Widows of Culloden 1674:Royal Scottish Academy 1656:The Battle of Culloden 1632: 1580: 1526: 1491:Anti-clothing measures 1457: 1347: 1323: 1211: 1180: 1089: 1031:Cobham's 10th Dragoons 1026: 1006: 926: 918: 910: 791: 783: 699: 632:Battle of Falkirk Muir 615: 568:began on 23 July when 469:Lochaber and Shiramore 267:Registered battlefield 174:Commanders and leaders 6932:Charles Edward Stuart 6877:1746 in Great Britain 6349:MacDonald of Dunnyveg 4824:Battle of Prestonpans 4784:Battle of Coille Bhan 4769:Anglo-French Alliance 4729:Battle of Sheriffmuir 4694:1715 general election 4077:. Osprey Publishing. 4073:Reid, Stuart (2006). 4058:. Osprey Publishing. 4054:Reid, Stuart (2002). 4039:. Osprey Publishing. 4035:Reid, Stuart (1997). 4016:Reid, Stuart (1996). 4001:. Osprey Publishing. 3997:Reid, Stuart (1996). 3980:The Lion in the North 3848:. Thames and Hudson. 3808:Home, Robert (1802). 3732:. Osprey Publishing. 3587:. Osprey Publishing. 3565:. The History Press. 3563:Irish Brigades Abroad 3107:"Graves of the clans" 2944:Brown (1997), p. 133. 2869:Monod (1993), p. 340. 2746:Pittock (2016) p. 134 2694:Irish Brigades Abroad 2412:, UK: Ordnance Survey 2209:, p. 453 passim. 1870:Knoydart, Nova Scotia 1867: 1626: 1578: 1520: 1439: 1338: 1171: 1079: 1011: 924: 916: 897: 789: 781: 734:Night attack at Nairn 687: 612:Charles Edward Stuart 610: 570:Charles Edward Stuart 525:, thereby ending the 515:Charles Edward Stuart 241:Casualties and losses 202:Charles Edward Stuart 5629:Maclaine of Lochbuie 5584:MacDonald of Glencoe 5579:MacDonald of Keppoch 5012:"James III and VIII" 4779:Battle of Glen Shiel 4564:Royal Stuart Society 4560:Neo-Jacobite Revival 4504:William III & II 4288:Culloden and the '45 3789:Harris, Tim (2006). 3770:Harris, Tim (2005). 3032:"New Visitor Centre" 2967:"The Memorial Cairn" 2719:Pittock (2016) p. 95 2609:Pittock (2016) p. 87 2582:Pittock (2016) p. 86 2570:Pittock (2016) p. 85 2561:Pittock (2016) p. 83 2531:Pittock (2016) p. 79 2519:Pittock (2016) p. 65 2510:Pittock (2016) p. 69 1801:"Battle of Culloden" 1786:improve this article 1627:Woodcut painting by 1407:penal transportation 1377:. Many were held on 1142:Viscount Strathallan 1082:standards or colours 932:charging Highlanders 112:57.47722°N 4.09250°W 6857:Scotland portal 5709:Malcolm (MacCallum) 5004:Jacobite succession 4644:Battle of the Boyne 4639:Massacre of Glencoe 4624:General Hugh Mackay 4513:Jacobite succession 4499:Glorious Revolution 4469:Union of the Crowns 4271:Battlefield Britain 4188:. Webb & Bower. 4160:. NPI Media Group. 3653:Cowan, Ian (1976). 3254:. Historic Scotland 2737:Reid (2002), p. 93. 2728:Reid (2006), p. 16. 2652:Reid (2002), p. 72. 2351:"Map of Drummossie" 2316:, pp. 377–378. 2304:, pp. 353–354. 2292:, pp. 209–216. 2280:, pp. 329–333. 2268:, pp. 299–300. 2073:The Canadian novel 1904:Scottish Television 1747:fashion collection 1456:, on 18 August 1746 1360:Gentleman's Journal 956:Sempill's 25th Foot 948:Major-General Huske 713:Sir John O'Sullivan 588:controlled much of 108: / 6791:Battle of Culloden 6084:Campbell of Cawdor 5569:Macdonald of Sleat 4939:Indemnity Act 1717 4930:Disarming Act 1715 4844:Battle of Culloden 4839:Siege of Inverness 4819:Duke of Cumberland 4809:Lord George Murray 4724:Siege of Inverness 4664:Treaty of Limerick 4604:King William's War 4494:James II & VII 3886:Monod, Paul Kleber 3222:"Cumberland stone" 3167:"Well of the dead" 2243:Collins Dictionary 2052:Home Is the Hunter 1944:Dragonfly in Amber 1877:The Skye Boat Song 1873: 1633: 1581: 1527: 1467:Hanoverian dynasty 1458: 1348: 1344:John Seymour Lucas 1181: 1090: 1027: 960:Conway's 59th Foot 940:Dejean's 37th Foot 936:Barrell's 4th Foot 927: 919: 911: 903:Barrell's 4th Foot 860:Sir John MacDonald 836:Artillery exchange 792: 784: 724:Lord George Murray 700: 675:Lord John Drummond 624:Scottish Highlands 616: 584:in September, the 532:Charles landed in 523:Duke of Cumberland 507:Scottish Highlands 499:Battle of Culloden 274:Reference no. 180:Duke of Cumberland 117:57.47722; -4.09250 67:16 April 1746 26:Battle of Culloden 6892:Conflicts in 1746 6864: 6863: 6823:Scottish surnames 6818:Scottish heraldry 5091: 5090: 5052:"Robert I and IV" 4998: 4997: 4975:Sheriffs Act 1747 4893:a Jacobite banner 4883: 4882: 4829:Siege of Carlisle 4719:Battle of Preston 4659:Siege of Limerick 4654:Battle of Aughrim 4634:Battle of Dunkeld 4619:Patrick Sarsfield 4301:978-0-7524-5636-2 4292:The History Press 4204:978-0-300-11892-6 4167:978-0-7524-3955-6 4126:978-1-902930-29-9 4084:978-1-84603-073-4 4065:978-1-84176-412-2 4046:978-1-85532-660-6 4027:978-1-885119-28-5 4008:978-1-85532-554-8 3989:978-0-14-003652-7 3899:978-0-521-44793-5 3877:978-0-8021-3932-0 3864:Magnusson, Magnus 3855:978-0-500-27706-5 3762:978-0-7735-2291-6 3739:978-1-85532-158-8 3720:978-0-304-35525-9 3668:978-0-575-02105-1 3636:978-0-521-57083-1 3594:978-0-85045-432-1 3581:Barthorp, Michael 3572:978-1-84588-799-5 3543:978-1-84549-281-6 3486:. 24 October 2014 3478:"The Highlanders" 3435:978-0-19-956369-2 2501:, pp. 56–58. 2394:"Map of Culloden" 2340:, pp. 51–56. 2328:, pp. 96–98. 2183:Blàr Chùil Lodair 2076:No Great Mischief 2038:Savage Wilderness 1862: 1861: 1854: 1836: 1745:Alexander McQueen 1666:Frank Watson Wood 1570:Historic Scotland 1568:and protected by 1499:Act of Parliament 1399:Kennington Common 1356:Newcastle Journal 968:Bligh's 20th Foot 492: 491: 409:2nd Fort Augustus 374:1st Fort Augustus 291: 290: 287: 286: 135: 134: 6944: 6882:1746 in Scotland 6855: 6854: 6853: 6708: 6606:Stewart of Appin 5943: 5654:MacLeod of Lewis 5138: 5127: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5095: 5022:"Henry IX and I" 4905: 4901:and later events 4891: 4614:Sir Ewen Cameron 4580: 4575:Jacobite risings 4489:The Killing Time 4429: 4422: 4415: 4406: 4389: 4386: 4364: 4305: 4275: 4264: 4249: 4227: 4208: 4189: 4180: 4171: 4149: 4130: 4107: 4088: 4069: 4050: 4031: 4012: 3993: 3971: 3959: 3940: 3921: 3903: 3881: 3859: 3842:Maclean, Fitzroy 3837: 3828:Lockhart, George 3823: 3804: 3785: 3766: 3743: 3724: 3705: 3686: 3680: 3672: 3660: 3649: 3640: 3617: 3598: 3576: 3548: 3547: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3367: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3317: 3311: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3103: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3015: 3013: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2963: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2910: 2899: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2881: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2852: 2849: 2843: 2840: 2825: 2822: 2813: 2810: 2801: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2768: 2765: 2759: 2756: 2747: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2720: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2697: 2690: 2684: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2666: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2592: 2583: 2580: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2436: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2413: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2355: 2354: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2144: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2118: 2112: 2108: 2102: 2098: 2081:Alistair MacLeod 2066:opens her novel 2057:Montgomery Scott 2011:Chasing the Deer 1900:Jacobite Trilogy 1857: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1835: 1794: 1770: 1762: 1731: 1693:Judas Maccabaeus 1529:It was the last 1509:and their sons. 1427:prisoners of war 1423:Act of Indemnity 1413:for life by the 1411:British colonies 1326: 1262:35,000 of gold. 1216: 1150:Lord Robert Kerr 1098:Ruthven Barracks 1004: 1002:Wolfe's 8th Foot 974:formation which 972:horseshoe-shaped 964:Wolfe's 8th Foot 884:Andrew Henderson 853:Jacobite advance 818: 814: 810: 806: 717:adjutant-general 329: 327: 317: 310: 303: 294: 257: 166: 165: 164: 157: 153: 151: 150: 123: 122: 120: 119: 118: 113: 109: 106: 105: 104: 101: 77: 75: 70: 61: 60: 43: 23: 6952: 6951: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6860: 6851: 6849: 6842: 6812:Scottish Gaelic 6706: 6704: 6698: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5384:Fraser of Lovat 5299:Cumming (Comyn) 5146: 5140: 5136: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5092: 5087: 4994: 4955:Jurors Act 1745 4943: 4900: 4894: 4892: 4879: 4853: 4795: 4788: 4740: 4733: 4675: 4668: 4609:Viscount Dundee 4599:Nine Years' War 4585: 4569: 4438: 4433: 4387: 4371: 4355: 4312: 4302: 4285: 4282: 4280:Further reading 4267: 4238: 4235: 4230: 4224: 4211: 4205: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4168: 4152: 4146: 4133: 4127: 4110: 4104: 4091: 4085: 4072: 4066: 4053: 4047: 4034: 4028: 4015: 4009: 3996: 3990: 3974: 3962: 3956: 3943: 3937: 3924: 3913: 3900: 3884: 3878: 3870:. Grove Press. 3862: 3856: 3840: 3826: 3820: 3807: 3801: 3788: 3782: 3769: 3763: 3746: 3740: 3727: 3721: 3708: 3702: 3689: 3673: 3669: 3652: 3643: 3637: 3620: 3614: 3601: 3595: 3579: 3573: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3544: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3353: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3308:Wayback Machine 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3275: 3274: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3118: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3011: 3009: 3008:(September): 41 2995: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2965: 2964: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2912: 2911: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2828: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2804: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2758:Pittock (2016). 2757: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665:, pp. 9, 56–58. 2660: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2594: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2485: 2481: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2358: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2300: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2276: 2272: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2237: 2231:Harrington 1991 2229: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2205: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2188: 2179:Scottish Gaelic 2150: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2004:Jamie McCrimmon 1974:The Highlanders 1918:The Bull Calves 1914:Naomi Mitchison 1858: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1795: 1793: 1783: 1771: 1760: 1725: 1652:Augustin Heckel 1621: 1553:thatched roofed 1525:erected in 1881 1515: 1333: 1315:Flora Macdonald 1207: 1190:Master of Lovat 1186: 1166: 1114: 1106:Quarter to None 1056:Campbell's 21st 1040: 1025:of Highlanders. 1017:Highland charge 1005: 999: 988:Collonel Riches 892: 855: 838: 816: 812: 808: 804: 776: 736: 715:, the Jacobite 667: 578:House of Stuart 562: 495: 494: 493: 488: 330: 325: 323: 321: 269: 250: 220: 216: 214:John O'Sullivan 212: 208: 204: 194: 190: 186: 182: 162: 160: 148: 146: 145: 116: 114: 110: 107: 102: 99: 97: 95: 94: 93: 73: 71: 68: 51: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6950: 6948: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6869: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6809: 6807:Scots language 6803: 6801:Border reivers 6798: 6796:Highland games 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6712: 6710: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6688: 6685: 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5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5128: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5017:"Charles III" 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4920:Clan Act 1715 4918: 4916: 4915:Riot Act 1714 4913: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4897: 4890: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4714:Baronet Munro 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4464:The Highlands 4462: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4430: 4425: 4423: 4418: 4416: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3976:Prebble, John 3973: 3969: 3965: 3964:Prebble, John 3961: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3811: 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Routledge. 3605: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3545: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3525: 3513: 3512: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3485: 3484: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3442: 3437: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3401: 3398: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3294: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3074:"What's New?" 3069: 3066: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2989: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2938: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2875: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2764: 2761: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2598: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2492: 2489:, p. 67. 2488: 2483: 2480: 2477:, p. 32. 2476: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2426:, p. 60. 2425: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2403: 2400: 2395: 2389: 2386: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2369:, p. 58. 2368: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2259: 2256:, p. 43. 2255: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2239: 2236: 2233:, p. 83. 2232: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2143: 2140: 2127: 2124: 2117: 2114: 2107: 2104: 2097: 2094: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2064:Hélia Correia 2061: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2016:Brian Blessed 2013: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1937:Peter Watkins 1934: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1892:D. K. Broster 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1866: 1856: 1853: 1845: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1803: – 1802: 1798: 1797:Find sources: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1775:This section 1773: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708:Hakka Muggies 1705: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1682:Royal Academy 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1524: 1519: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1440:Contemporary 1438: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1364:Fort Augustus 1361: 1357: 1353: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1331:Repercussions 1330: 1328: 1325: 1324:Loch nan Uamh 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1213:Loch nan Uamh 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1191: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1152:, the son of 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1065: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1003: 996: 993: 989: 985: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 952:counterattack 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 923: 915: 908: 907:Jacobite Army 904: 900: 896: 889: 887: 885: 880: 877: 872: 869: 865: 864:canister shot 861: 852: 850: 846: 843: 835: 833: 831: 825: 823: 801: 798: 788: 780: 773: 771: 767: 763: 761: 760:James Johnson 757: 753: 752:Duke of Perth 748: 746: 741: 733: 731: 729: 728:Daviot Castle 725: 720: 718: 714: 709: 705: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 680: 676: 672: 664: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 613: 609: 605: 603: 599: 598:Jacobite army 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 574:Western Isles 571: 567: 559: 557: 555: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 530: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 511:Jacobite army 508: 504: 500: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 454:Loch nan Uamh 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 333: 328: 318: 313: 311: 306: 304: 299: 298: 295: 282: 279: 276: 268: 258: 254: 248: 245: 244: 239: 235: 232: 231: 226: 223: 219: 218:John Drummond 215: 211: 207: 206:George Murray 203: 199: 197: 193: 192:John Mordaunt 189: 185: 181: 178: 177: 172: 169: 159: 156: 155:Great Britain 144: 143: 138: 130: 127: 126: 121: 92: 88: 84: 81: 80: 66: 63: 62: 58: 55: 49: 48: 42: 37: 34: 29: 24: 19: 6848: 6790: 6756:Clan battles 6374:MacGillivray 6180:Fotheringham 5719:Marjoribanks 5080: 5073: 5066: 5062:"Francis II" 5027:"Charles IV" 4899:Consequences 4843: 4739:The Nineteen 4684:…in Cornwall 4584:First rising 4287: 4274:. 2004. BBC. 4270: 4251: 4243: 4213: 4194: 4185: 4176: 4157: 4154:Sadler, John 4135: 4112: 4093: 4074: 4055: 4036: 4020:. Sarpedon. 4017: 3998: 3979: 3967: 3945: 3926: 3916: 3907: 3889: 3867: 3845: 3832: 3809: 3790: 3771: 3748: 3729: 3710: 3691: 3656: 3645: 3622: 3603: 3584: 3562: 3533: 3527: 3515:. Retrieved 3509: 3500: 3488:. Retrieved 3481: 3472: 3460:. Retrieved 3454: 3444: 3425: 3419: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3388:. Retrieved 3375: 3365: 3354: 3340: 3328:. Retrieved 3315: 3296: 3284:. Retrieved 3280: 3256:. Retrieved 3246: 3234:. Retrieved 3225: 3216: 3204:. Retrieved 3200: 3191: 3179:. Retrieved 3170: 3161: 3149:. Retrieved 3140: 3131: 3119:. Retrieved 3110: 3086:. Retrieved 3077: 3068: 3044:. Retrieved 3035: 3026: 3017: 3010:. Retrieved 3005: 3001: 2991: 2979:. Retrieved 2970: 2949: 2940: 2928:. Retrieved 2917: 2894: 2885: 2874: 2865: 2856: 2847: 2797: 2792: 2763: 2742: 2733: 2724: 2715: 2693: 2688: 2679: 2670: 2662: 2661:Reid (1996) 2657: 2648: 2639: 2627:. Retrieved 2623: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2566: 2557: 2543: 2536: 2515: 2506: 2494: 2487:Pittock 2016 2482: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2431: 2424:Pittock 2016 2419: 2408: 2402: 2388: 2374: 2367:Pittock 2016 2345: 2333: 2326:Pittock 2016 2321: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2238: 2226: 2221:, p. ?. 2219:Pittock 2016 2214: 2142: 2126: 2116: 2106: 2101:vigorously". 2096: 2074: 2067: 2050: 2044: 2037: 2034:Harold Coyle 2025: 2009: 1978: 1972: 1964: 1942: 1923: 1917: 1899: 1895: 1885:Isle of Skye 1848: 1839: 1829: 1822: 1815: 1808: 1796: 1784:Please help 1779:verification 1776: 1748: 1691: 1690:'s oratorio 1669: 1655: 1643:David Morier 1636: 1629:David Morier 1606: 1600: 1582: 1528: 1475:feudal lords 1459: 1387:Tilbury Fort 1375:high treason 1368: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1339: 1280: 1264: 1253: 1248: 1241: 1229: 1223: 1208: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1172: 1135: 1131: 1115: 1095: 1091: 1069: 1066: 1060: 1051: 1043: 1041: 1028: 1020: 981: 928: 881: 873: 856: 847: 839: 826: 802: 793: 768: 764: 749: 737: 721: 701: 689:Cumberland's 668: 637:Soon after, 636: 628:Henry Hawley 617: 563: 550: 531: 498: 496: 479:Appin Murder 448: 429:Fort William 419:Blair Castle 369:2nd Carlisle 359:1st Carlisle 260:Designations 251:376 captured 196:Henry Hawley 140:Belligerents 54:David Morier 45: 31:Part of the 18: 6828:Seanchaidhe 6707:and society 6597:Spottiswood 6540:Porterfield 6336:MacAlpin(e) 6300:Kirkpatrick 6226:Glendinning 5529:Livingstone 5359:Farquharson 5349:Elphinstone 5042:"Francis I" 4699:Earl of Mar 4689:…in England 4674:The Fifteen 4484:Covenanters 4479:Restoration 4388: 1748 4383:, by Anon, 3982:. Penguin. 3970:. Atheneum. 3390:7 September 3002:BBC History 2629:11 November 2396:. MultiMap. 2382:. MultiMap. 2353:. MultiMap. 2314:Riding 2016 2290:Riding 2016 2266:Riding 2016 1957:protagonist 1953:time travel 1740:, Scotland. 1738:Gordonstoun 1734:Luca Prodan 1726: [ 1704:Celtic Rock 1611:, from the 1589:geophysical 1585:topographic 1566:inventoried 1433:in London. 1127:Littleferry 992:outflanking 986:was taken; 756:Moray Firth 691:route from 641:arrived in 582:Prestonpans 459:Loch Ailort 444:Littleferry 394:2nd Ruthven 349:Prestonpans 344:1st Ruthven 236:5,000–6,000 233:6,900–7,200 115: / 6871:Categories 6838:Sgian-dubh 6771:Clearances 6751:Clan crest 6746:Clan badge 6736:Clan chief 6684:Whitefoord 6666:Walkinshaw 6589:Somerville 6572:Rutherford 6503:Ochterlony 6445:MacKerrell 6440:MacCulloch 6404:Macquarrie 6364:MacFarlane 6292:Kinninmont 6235:Halkerston 6232:Haliburton 6217:Gladstains 6151:Edmonstone 6132:Dennistoun 6036:Blackstock 6032:Blackadder 5991:Auchinleck 5951:Abercromby 5940:Armigerous 5919:Wedderburn 5894:Sutherland 5849:Scrymgeour 5839:Sandilands 5744:Montgomery 5739:Moncreiffe 5684:Macpherson 5674:MacNeacail 5669:Macnaghten 5624:Maclachlan 5619:Mackintosh 5589:MacDougall 5549:MacAlister 5304:Cunningham 5249:Carruthers 5239:Carmichael 5164:Arbuthnott 5159:Anstruther 5145:Clans with 5047:"Mary III" 4709:Lord Lovat 4530:Queen Anne 4452:Clan chief 4436:Jacobitism 4290:. Stroud: 4138:. Abacus. 3713:. Cassel. 3694:. Helion. 3661:. 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