167:
136:
1399:
155:
124:
1552:
of the main road attacked the Saint
Michael's Wood but met the same fate as the other columns. Masséna sent 12 battalions charging up the main road while a small force tried a right hook around the flank of the entrenchments. The flanking force made headway before being stalled. Jellacic made economical use of his outnumbered force. Masséna's main assault in front failed and was sent on its way by a final counterattack by Jellacic's men. In the early going the French troops captured about 500 prisoners and seemed to be on the verge of victory, but the heavy defensive fire and rocks thrown at them finally turned them back.
1246:
1505:
939:
975:
37:
898:
910:
886:
826:
1447:
defenses were strong and the river was rising, but the French finally captured the place in the evening. Masséna committed 5,000 to the battle and sustained 300 casualties. The
Austrians had 4,200 troops in the area but they were spread out with no reserves. Consequently, they lost 400 killed and wounded plus 1,450 soldiers, 12 guns and three colors captured. Another source stated that the Austrians lost only 1,100 prisoners and five guns.
992:
922:
850:
1154:
874:
838:
814:
862:
963:
951:
781:
788:
795:
1477:
1513:
Feldkirch. Then, on 22 March, an order from
Jourdan was received, directing Masséna to attack Feldkirch. Masséna accelerated his planned assault by one day by attacking on 23 March 1799 and thus losing the effect of the feint on Bregenz. The attack was launched in four columns, including one led by Oudinot and another by Masséna in person.
1451:
prisoners and four guns out of a total of 2,400 men. The French suffered only 100 killed and wounded out of 9,600 soldiers. Meanwhile, Oudinot's brigade crossed the Rhine on a wagon bridge and moved north toward
Feldkirch. Hotze attacked Oudinot outside Feldkirch with a numerically equal force. The battle hung in the balance until
1551:
The leftmost attack column crossed the Ill downstream at the hamlet of
Noffles early in the morning. It was supposed to veer to the right and get behind Jellacic's defenses, but it was repulsed. The left-center column assaulted the Blasenberg height but it too was defeated. A third column to the left
1455:
arrived with reinforcements sent by Masséna. Toward evening
Oudinot led a cavalry charge which flung Hotze back into the town. The French captured 1,000 Austrian soldiers and four guns. Another authority gave French casualties as 200 out of 9,000 and Austrian casualties as 1,100 out of 6,000. Not all
1496:
was 34,992-strong, but this campaign isolated
Lecourbe from the rest of the army. On 9 March 1799, the French Directory realized that having many independent armies was a bad idea and subordinated Masséna to Jourdan. A furious Masséna submitted his resignation on the 16th. The government was firm in
1450:
On the 7th Masséna turned south and attacked
Auffenberg at Chur. He sent his light infantry around the Austrian right to block escape by the Plessur valley. One source asserted that Auffenberg lost 3,000 prisoners, 16 guns and his supply magazines. Another source stated that the Austrians lost 1,000
1149:
and began advancing on Bern from the north. During this time bogus negotiations were carried on to mislead the Swiss. On 5 February 1798, Brune officially took command of the still-separated divisions of
Schauenburg and his former unit, now under Philippe Romain Mesnard. Converging on Bern, both
1446:
with 4,500 men. Though war had not been declared, Jourdan notified Masséna that he would cross the Rhine on 1 March and be near Lake
Constance by the 6th. Therefore, Masséna launched an assault crossing of the Rhine on 6 March at Luziensteig, which was between Hotze and Auffenberg. The Austrian
1316:
By this time it was obvious to the French Directory that war was imminent and 200,000 conscripts were called up. Aside from Bonaparte's forces in Egypt, the French were divided into five poorly-equipped armies. Masséna was in Switzerland with 30,000 men, Brune defended Holland with over 20,000
1512:
Masséna planned to have Xaintrailles make a feint on Bregenz while his center struck Feldkirch. Masséna had scouted the Austrian defenses, which were entrenched, but he believed that Hotze's absence provided him with an opportunity. As far back as 15 March, Oudinot had suggested an attack on
1497:
its decision however, and Masséna finally backed down and agreed to remain in command. It is possible that the drama may have made Masséna overly-aggressive in the next few days. By 19 March Jourdan's army was coming abreast of Masséna, with its right flank division under
1524:, the town was protected by a line of fieldworks across the main road, backed by a second line of works. The flanks were guarded by several redoubts and abatis. Jellacic's 5,500-strong command included the 3rd Battalions of Infantry Regiments
243:
1560:
The Austrians lost 900 killed, wounded and missing. One authority listed 1,500 French casualties, but two other sources estimated their losses as 3,000. On the 24th, Masséna got news that Jourdan had been defeated by Charles at the
1236:
regretfully noted that when Switzerland was neutral, France could ignore their common border. However, with Switzerland a belligerent, the French must deploy 40,000 soldiers to either occupy the country or watch the frontier.
236:
229:
1365:
and link its right wing with Masséna's left. Schérer was directed to link with Masséna's right while resisting the Austrians near Verona. The Austrians had 75,000 men in northern Italy under
1501:
on Lake Constance. Jourdan asked Masséna to link with Ferino at Bregenz. On the 20th Archduke Charles ordered Hotze to reinforce his army with 10,000 troops drawn from the Vorarlberg.
409:
1064:
in January 1798 and forced the country into an uneasy alliance marked by occasional revolts. By the start of hostilities with Austria in early 1799, Masséna was in command of the
1185:. Though the two countries became allies on 19 August 1798, many Swiss were not happy with their new French overlords. The French soldiers were kept busy suppressing revolts in
2156:
739:
2151:
1480:
Map shows the Battle of Feldkirch, 23 March 1799. Noffles is at top right, under the north arrow. The hill just above and to the left of Feldkirch is the Blasenberg.
2052:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume V The Armies Of The Rhine In Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt, and The Coup D'Etat of Brumaire (1797–1799)
1648:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume V The Armies Of The Rhine In Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt, and The Coup D'Etat of Brumaire (1797–1799)
1193:
transferred to his army. Schauenburg was an excellent organizer but not a first-rate general like his successor. On 11 December, he relinquished command to
402:
1208:
By invading Switzerland, the French government had unwittingly opened up a new avenue for the Coalition forces to invade France. Along its borders with
2176:
2171:
2096:"Biographical Dictionary of all Austrian Generals during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815: Jellachich von Buzim, Franz"
1950:"Biographical Dictionary of all Austrian Generals during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815: Jellachich von Buzim, Franz"
2059:
2015:
1997:
1983:
1747:
1655:
395:
2095:
1949:
1326:
1333:(who succeeded Championnet) counted 30,000 soldiers in central and southern Italy. In addition, there was a reserve force commanded by
2166:
1174:
1165:. He left for his new command on 29 March and Schauenburg was named the new army commander. Meanwhile, cash and gold worth 10 million
1140:
718:
2161:
2081:
2037:
1821:
1710:
1378:
748:
732:
259:
1498:
2181:
849:
658:
1600:
1298:
513:
443:
1061:
711:
483:
272:
2008:
Warfare in the Age of Napoleon: The Egyptian and Syrian Campaigns and the Wars of the Second and Third Coalitions, 1798–1805
1740:
Warfare in the Age of Napoleon: The Egyptian and Syrian Campaigns and the Wars of the Second and Third Coalitions, 1798–1805
1398:
72:
1370:
1119:. However, the real reason was most likely the desire for the French government to get its hands on the Swiss treasury at
1427:
1374:
1266:
725:
588:
1452:
1042:
770:
683:
648:
598:
478:
419:
28:
1302:
337:
326:
2146:
1439:
1145:
696:
438:
1245:
1572:
1091:
974:
909:
885:
861:
692:
638:
628:
618:
603:
548:
458:
253:
374:
1334:
837:
825:
668:
663:
578:
508:
473:
433:
369:
897:
563:
558:
553:
503:
463:
364:
344:
332:
2003:
1735:
1604:
1135:
938:
702:
518:
498:
305:
1318:
1079:
1050:
1014:
813:
787:
673:
643:
608:
568:
533:
523:
349:
140:
62:
1485:
780:
285:
1520:
who was described as, "able within reasonable limits" and having "true fighting fervor". Lying on the
2047:
1992:
Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1978:
Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1643:
962:
950:
573:
543:
493:
488:
359:
354:
300:
295:
1596:
1290:
873:
623:
583:
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on 21 March and was retreating. This meant that the battle had been fought for nothing. Jourdan's
1194:
1018:
171:
159:
1567:
1461:
1170:
1034:
688:
633:
310:
278:
1990:
The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2.
1476:
1430:'s left flank division, including Oudinot's brigade, defended the Rhine from Lake Constance to
36:
2077:
2055:
2033:
2025:
2011:
1993:
1979:
1817:
1743:
1706:
1698:
1651:
1562:
1330:
1286:
1278:
1198:
1087:
1022:
991:
678:
653:
613:
468:
448:
154:
128:
123:
221:
1599:
for his efforts. For his distinguished actions, Jellacic received the Knight's Cross of the
1229:
1225:
1125:
1108:
1066:
1038:
921:
755:
593:
538:
528:
320:
315:
1976:
Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1.
2111:
1504:
1407:
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1190:
1130:
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and Feldkirch on 6 and 7 March. Ordered to attack Feldkirch in late March by his superior
186:
1533:
1517:
1415:
1294:
1282:
1274:
1217:
1030:
1026:
2140:
2115:
1521:
1457:
1350:
1254:
1233:
1382:
1362:
1342:
1270:
1221:
2122:
The history of Russia's war with France during the reign of Emperor Paul I in 1799
1301:
briefly drove the French from Rome in November 1798. However, a French army under
2091:
2069:
1945:
1809:
1489:
1112:
1037:, though the struggle lasted until nightfall. This and other French setbacks in
2124:]. Vol. 1. Saint Petersburg: Типография штаба военно-учебных заведений
1153:
1592:
1411:
1346:
387:
2117:История войны России с Францией в царствование Императора Павла I в 1799 году
87:
74:
1366:
1071:
1054:
1576:
1070:. Going on the offensive, the French inflicted defeats on the Austrians at
998:
1575:
on the 25th. With Jourdan in full retreat, Charles could easily strike at
1465:
1338:
1178:
1548:
Nr. 7. There were also two squadrons of cavalry and supporting militia.
1608:
1580:
1435:
1258:
1213:
1209:
1182:
1115:
was that the Confederation was maltreating the people of the Canton of
1046:
66:
1177:. In addition, 293 cannons, 38 howitzers and 32 mortars were taken to
1484:
Meanwhile, Lecourbe's 10,000-man division embarked on the remarkable
1423:
1419:
1322:
1310:
1306:
1305:
soon routed the Neapolitan army and by 23 January 1799 had conquered
1186:
1166:
166:
135:
1503:
1475:
1431:
1397:
1358:
1262:
1244:
1152:
1443:
1216:, France was well-protected by a belt of fortresses. But in the
1150:
divisions entered the city on 5 March after scattered fighting.
1120:
1116:
1075:
1189:(Wallis) and other cantons. During his tenure, Schauenburg got
391:
225:
1273:
caused the formation of the Second Coalition against her. The
1583:
valley. On 5 April Masséna replaced Jourdan in charge of the
2030:
Eagles Over the Alps: Suvarov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799
1703:
Eagles Over the Alps: Suvarov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799
1650:. Vol. 5. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 67.
1456:
the French forces were successful. Marching from the Saint
1373:, 26,000 soldiers in the Vorarlberg and Graubünden under
1220:
on the Swiss frontier, there were only a few places like
41:
The Ill River runs through rugged terrain near Feldkirch.
1595:. Ferino soon replaced Mesnard. Oudinot was promoted to
1205:
counted 24,000 veteran troops, including 1,600 cavalry.
1626:
1624:
1464:'s brigade was mauled by an Austrian-Swiss force near
1139:
started marching north on 1 January 1798. Meanwhile,
1169:were seized of which three million helped finance
2054:. Vol. 5. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing.
1414:. Mesnard's center division was posted south of
1161:On 8 March 1798 Brune was appointed to lead the
1041:soon caused Masséna to go on the defensive. The
1611:of Infantry Regiment Nr. 62 on 1 January 1802.
1406:In February, Masséna's right flank was held by
21:
1742:. Vol. 2. USA: Leonaur Ltd. p. 103.
1053:, located 158 kilometres (98 mi) west of
16:1799 battle of the War of the Second Coalition
1579:. So Masséna ordered Lecourbe to abandon the
1345:. The Directory ordered Masséna to seize the
1143:'s 15,000-man division was detached from the
1004:The color black indicates the current battle.
403:
237:
8:
1536:battalions. These were the 3rd Battalion of
1922:
1920:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
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1890:
1888:
1886:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1835:
1833:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1033:, the Austrians repulsed all of the French
2157:Battles of the War of the Second Coalition
1488:. By 12 March, Lecourbe reached the upper
1297:into the Coalition. Attacking early, King
410:
396:
388:
244:
230:
222:
18:
2152:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
1630:
1816:. London: Greenhill. pp. 145–146.
1620:
1410:'s division, with its extreme right at
2032:. Chicago, Ill.: The Emperor's Press.
1705:. Chicago, Ill.: The Emperor's Press.
1357:. Jourdan was instructed to cross the
1353:(Grisons, Rhätien) and advance on the
1329:had 58,000 men in northern Italy and
1082:, Masséna attacked with troops under
7:
1369:, 18,000 troops in the Tyrol led by
1060:On a flimsy pretext, a French army
1253:French aggression in Switzerland,
1175:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
1141:Balthazar Alexis Henri Schauenburg
1094:soon forced the French to recoil.
14:
2010:. Vol. 2. USA: Leonaur Ltd.
1607:on 29 October 1800 and appointed
1603:on 6 April 1799. He was promoted
1587:. He gave Mesnard command of the
1379:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
1544:Nr. 6, and the 1st battalion of
1157:Helvetic Republic, 12 April 1798
1103:French occupation of Switzerland
990:
973:
961:
949:
937:
920:
908:
896:
884:
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
793:
786:
779:
165:
153:
134:
122:
35:
1601:Military Order of Maria Theresa
1327:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
1309:, forcing Ferdinand to flee to
1499:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
1201:of Infantry. At this time the
1107:The ostensible reason for the
203:12,000–13,000 regular infantry
1:
2177:1799 in the Holy Roman Empire
2172:1799 in the Habsburg monarchy
2074:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1988:Clausewitz, Carl von (2021).
1974:Clausewitz, Carl von (2020).
1814:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1434:. Hotze had 20,000 troops at
1371:Count Heinrich von Bellegarde
1428:Charles Antoine Xaintrailles
1375:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
1267:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
1453:Jean Thomas Guillaume Lorge
1043:War of the Second Coalition
771:War of the Second Coalition
421:War of the Second Coalition
29:War of the Second Coalition
2198:
1771:Dodge (2011), pp. 106–107.
1440:Franz Xaver von Auffenberg
191:unknown number of militia
2167:Battles involving Austria
1679:Phipps (2011), pp. 70–72.
1670:Phipps (2011), pp. 68–69.
1133:with a division from the
1111:to order the invasion of
1013:(23 March 1799) saw some
429:
267:
255:French Revolutionary Wars
207:
177:
146:
115:
45:
34:
26:
2162:Battles involving France
1571:was beaten again at the
1540:Nr. 9, 2nd battalion of
1335:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
1303:Jean Étienne Championnet
1197:and assumed the role of
183:5,500 regular infantry,
2182:18th century in Austria
2004:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault
1736:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault
1508:Franz Jellacic – victor
1228:guarding the region of
1123:. Named to command the
1086:. Jourdan's defeats at
1045:combat occurred at the
1605:Feldmarschall-Leutnant
1516:Feldkirch was held by
1509:
1481:
1403:
1394:Chur and 1st Feldkirch
1377:and 80,000 men led by
1299:Ferdinand IV of Naples
1250:
1158:
712:Mediterranean Campaign
147:Commanders and leaders
2098:. napoleon-series.org
2076:. London: Greenhill.
2048:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1952:. napoleon-series.org
1935:Phipps (2011), p. 82.
1926:Smith (1998), p. 148.
1912:Dodge (2011), p. 116.
1896:Phipps (2011), p. 81.
1880:Dodge (2011), p. 110.
1871:Phipps (2011), p. 79.
1862:Phipps (2011), p. 80.
1848:Phipps (2011), p. 77.
1839:Phipps (2010), p. 76.
1794:Phipps (2011), p. 75.
1780:Phipps (2011), p. 74.
1762:Dodge (2011), p. 104.
1725:Duffy (1999), p. 155.
1688:Phipps (2011), p. 73.
1644:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1507:
1479:
1401:
1385:in southern Germany.
1319:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
1248:
1156:
1080:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
1051:Feldkirch, Vorarlberg
208:Casualties and losses
63:Feldkirch, Vorarlberg
1438:and Feldkirch while
1325:with 37,000 troops,
88:47.23806°N 9.59833°E
2094:; Kudrna, Leopold.
1948:; Kudrna, Leopold.
1597:general of division
1389:Campaign and Battle
1361:River, transit the
1291:Kingdom of Portugal
1062:invaded Switzerland
1031:fortified positions
1011:Battle of Feldkirch
198:4,500 regular army,
84: /
22:Battle of Feldkirch
2026:Duffy, Christopher
1699:Duffy, Christopher
1585:Army of the Danube
1573:Battle of Stockach
1568:Army of the Danube
1510:
1482:
1462:Louis Henri Loison
1404:
1251:
1171:Napoleon Bonaparte
1159:
327:Suvorov's campaign
2147:Conflicts in 1799
2061:978-1-908692-28-3
2017:978-0-85706-600-8
1998:978-0-7006-3034-9
1984:978-0-7006-3025-7
1749:978-0-85706-600-8
1657:978-1-908692-28-3
1563:Battle of Ostrach
1532:Nr. 37 and three
1486:Engadine Campaign
1331:Jacques MacDonald
1287:Kingdom of Naples
1199:Inspector General
1146:Army of the Rhine
765:
764:
726:Italian and Swiss
719:Egyptian Campaign
385:
384:
220:
219:
111:
110:
93:47.23806; 9.59833
2189:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2112:Milyutin, Dmitry
2107:
2105:
2103:
2087:
2065:
2043:
2021:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1913:
1910:
1897:
1894:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1806:
1795:
1792:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1591:and started for
1589:Army of Helvetia
1494:Army of Helvetia
1226:Salins-les-Bains
1203:Army of Helvetia
1126:Army of Helvetia
1109:French Directory
1067:Army of Helvetia
1039:southern Germany
1021:attack a weaker
1000:
994:
987:
982:
977:
970:
965:
958:
953:
946:
941:
934:
929:
924:
917:
912:
905:
900:
893:
888:
881:
876:
869:
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857:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
821:
816:
809:
804:
797:
796:
790:
783:
756:Marengo Campaign
740:Italian Campaign
539:Vlieter incident
424:
422:
412:
405:
398:
389:
262:
256:
246:
239:
232:
223:
170:
169:
158:
157:
139:
138:
127:
126:
107:Austrian victory
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
89:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
47:
46:
39:
19:
2197:
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2136:
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2125:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2090:
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2068:
2062:
2046:
2040:
2024:
2018:
2002:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1900:
1895:
1884:
1879:
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1870:
1866:
1861:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1808:
1807:
1798:
1793:
1784:
1779:
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1766:
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1757:
1750:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1558:
1474:
1408:Claude Lecourbe
1402:Nicolas Oudinot
1396:
1391:
1355:County of Tyrol
1243:
1241:Outbreak of war
1191:Nicolas Oudinot
1131:Guillaume Brune
1105:
1100:
1084:Nicolas Oudinot
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
995:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
971:
968:
966:
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858:
855:
853:
846:
843:
841:
834:
831:
829:
822:
819:
817:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
798:
794:
791:
784:
776:
774:
766:
761:
707:
425:
420:
418:
416:
386:
381:
273:French invasion
263:
254:
252:
250:
199:
197:
192:
190:
184:
164:
152:
133:
121:
92:
90:
86:
83:
78:
75:
73:
71:
70:
69:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2108:
2088:
2082:
2066:
2060:
2044:
2038:
2022:
2016:
2000:
1986:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1937:
1928:
1914:
1898:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1850:
1841:
1829:
1822:
1796:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1748:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1656:
1635:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1557:
1554:
1538:Peterwardeiner
1534:Grenz Infantry
1518:Franz Jellacic
1473:
1470:
1416:Lake Constance
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1295:Ottoman Turkey
1283:Russian Empire
1275:United Kingdom
1242:
1239:
1218:Jura Mountains
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1027:Franz Jellacic
1003:
996:
989:
984:
979:
972:
967:
960:
955:
948:
943:
936:
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
895:
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854:
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835:
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823:
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811:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
777:
769:
768:
767:
763:
762:
760:
759:
752:
749:Dutch Campaign
745:
744:
743:
736:
733:Swiss Campaign
722:
715:
706:
705:
700:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
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621:
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611:
606:
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581:
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566:
561:
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546:
541:
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531:
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382:
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372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
341:
340:
338:Devil's Bridge
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
282:
281:
268:
265:
264:
260:Swiss Campaign
251:
249:
248:
241:
234:
226:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
205:
204:
201:
180:
179:
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162:
149:
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131:
118:
117:
113:
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109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2194:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
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2145:
2144:
2142:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2083:1-85367-276-9
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:1-883476-18-6
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1905:
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1899:
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1834:
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1825:
1823:1-85367-276-9
1819:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1712:1-883476-18-6
1708:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1631:Milyutin 1852
1627:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
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1549:
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1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1492:. By now the
1491:
1487:
1478:
1472:2nd Feldkirch
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:Gotthard Pass
1454:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
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1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
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1340:
1336:
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1324:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:soon brought
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Ottoman Egypt
1249:André Masséna
1247:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:Lazare Carnot
1231:
1230:Franche-Comté
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:André Masséna
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:Army of Italy
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1136:Army of Italy
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:André Masséna
1017:corps led by
1016:
1012:
999:
993:
976:
964:
952:
940:
923:
911:
899:
887:
875:
863:
851:
839:
827:
815:
789:
782:
772:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:
746:
742:
741:
737:
735:
734:
730:
729:
728:
727:
723:
721:
720:
716:
714:
713:
709:
708:
704:
703:Porto Ferrajo
701:
698:
694:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:Gotthard Pass
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
423:
413:
408:
406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
390:
376:
375:2nd Schwanden
373:
371:
370:1st Schwanden
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
339:
336:
335:
334:
331:
330:
329:
328:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
280:
277:
276:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
261:
257:
247:
242:
240:
235:
233:
228:
227:
224:
215:
212:
211:
206:
202:
200:3,000 militia
195:
188:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:André Masséna
168:
163:
161:
160:Franz Jelačić
156:
151:
150:
145:
142:
137:
132:
130:
125:
120:
119:
114:
106:
103:
102:
97:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:
53:23 March 1799
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
2126:. Retrieved
2121:
2116:
2100:. Retrieved
2092:Smith, Digby
2073:
2070:Smith, Digby
2051:
2029:
2007:
1989:
1975:
1954:. Retrieved
1946:Smith, Digby
1940:
1931:
1876:
1867:
1844:
1813:
1810:Smith, Digby
1776:
1767:
1758:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1647:
1638:
1588:
1584:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1511:
1493:
1483:
1449:
1405:
1363:Black Forest
1343:Philippsburg
1337:threatening
1315:
1271:Papal States
1252:
1222:Fort de Joux
1207:
1202:
1162:
1160:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1106:
1065:
1059:
1029:. Defending
1025:force under
1010:
1008:
754:
747:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
619:2nd Stockach
459:1st Stockach
453:
333:St. Gotthard
325:
290:
271:
193:
116:Belligerents
2102:13 February
1956:13 February
1528:Nr. 20 and
1113:Switzerland
674:Hohenlinden
654:3rd Marengo
644:Iller River
569:Linth River
534:Callantsoog
514:2nd Marengo
484:1st Marengo
350:Linth River
216:1,500–3,000
91: /
2141:Categories
1969:References
1593:Strasbourg
1542:St. George
1412:Bellinzona
1383:Lech River
1351:Graubünden
1347:Vorarlberg
1317:soldiers,
1098:Background
684:Copenhagen
649:Montebello
614:Hohentwiel
574:Muottental
564:2nd Zurich
544:Krabbendam
499:1st Zurich
494:Winterthur
489:Frauenfeld
479:Bassignana
360:Muottental
345:2nd Zurich
306:1st Zurich
301:Winterthur
296:Frauenfeld
76:47°14′17″N
1522:Ill River
1490:Inn River
1367:Paul Kray
1072:Maienfeld
1055:Innsbruck
689:Algeciras
659:Höchstädt
639:Chiusella
634:Fort Bard
624:Messkirch
584:Castricum
454:Feldkirch
439:Nicopolis
291:Feldkirch
187:squadrons
79:9°35′54″E
2114:(1852).
2072:(1998).
2050:(2011).
2028:(1999).
2006:(2011).
1812:(1998).
1738:(2011).
1701:(1999).
1646:(2011).
1466:Disentis
1339:Mannheim
1269:and the
1179:Huningue
1092:Stockach
1049:town of
1047:Austrian
1023:Austrian
803:125miles
629:Biberach
604:Wiesloch
599:3rd Novi
589:2nd Novi
549:Mannheim
311:Oberwald
286:Engadine
279:Grauholz
178:Strength
58:Location
27:Part of
2128:1 April
1609:Inhaber
1581:Engadin
1556:Results
1530:De Vins
1526:Kaunitz
1436:Bregenz
1381:on the
1279:Austria
1259:Holland
1214:Germany
1210:Belgium
1183:Carouge
1088:Ostrach
1035:columns
775:Austria
669:Ampfing
664:Neuburg
579:Alkmaar
509:Trebbia
474:Cassano
469:Magnano
449:Ostrach
434:Butrint
355:Klöntal
129:Austria
67:Austria
2080:
2058:
2036:
2014:
1996:
1982:
1820:
1746:
1709:
1654:
1577:Zürich
1546:Broder
1424:Schwyz
1420:Glarus
1323:Alsace
1311:Sicily
1307:Naples
1289:, the
1285:, the
1281:, the
1265:, the
1187:Valais
1167:francs
1015:French
928:Zurich
679:Mincio
594:Genola
554:Bergen
529:Amsteg
519:Mantua
504:Modena
464:Verona
365:Glarus
321:Amsteg
316:Schwyz
141:France
104:Result
2120:[
1615:Notes
1442:held
1432:Basel
1418:near
1359:Rhine
1321:held
1263:Malta
801:200km
609:Genoa
444:Corfu
2130:2024
2104:2013
2078:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2012:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1958:2013
1818:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1652:ISBN
1444:Chur
1422:and
1349:and
1341:and
1293:and
1224:and
1212:and
1181:and
1121:Bern
1117:Vaud
1090:and
1076:Chur
1009:The
524:Novi
50:Date
1173:'s
697:2nd
693:1st
213:900
2143::
1917:^
1901:^
1885:^
1853:^
1832:^
1799:^
1785:^
1623:^
1468:.
1460:,
1426:.
1313:.
1261:,
1257:,
1232:.
1129:,
1074:,
1057:.
880:10
868:11
856:12
844:13
832:14
820:15
808:16
695:•
258:–
196::
194:or
189:,
185:2
65:,
2132:.
2106:.
2086:.
2064:.
2042:.
2020:.
1960:.
1826:.
1752:.
1715:.
1660:.
1633:.
986:1
981:2
969:3
957:4
945:5
933:6
916:7
904:8
892:9
773::
699:)
691:(
411:e
404:t
397:v
245:e
238:t
231:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
