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back to the 18th century, Krotov demonstrates that the
Russian fleet launched only one massive attack on the Swedish position. He states that the number of Russian casualties as reported by the Swedish officer C. G. Tornquist is hugely inflated and increased from 127 men killed and 347 wounded, a figure supported by documentary evidence, to 3,000 dead and 1,600 wounded, which is more than the number of Russian sailors engaged in the fighting. Furthermore, despite the Swedish claim that only 60 Russian galleys made their way to Åbo due to severe damage, it is known from wartime sources that all the galleys sailed there on 1 August 1714 in full force. The overall number of Russian galleys was slightly smaller than reported: 98. Krotov also discovered numerous sources mentioning that over the course of the battle 4 Russian “
1447:
1367:, the Russian fleet attacked on 27 July 1714 at 14:00. According to Swedish sources, the Russian galleys, commanded by the Tsar, attacked twice (first with 35 galleys, then with 80 galleys), but were thrown back both times. The third time, when attacking with reinforcements and a combined force of about 95 galleys, the Russians managed to reach the Swedish ships and engage in close quarters combat, where superior Russian numbers could be used to their advantage. Russians managed to board the Swedish galley farthest left in the line, the
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1082:(now Tallinn). Admiral Apraksin specifically let the Tsar know that he should come personally to lead the attack. Russian battle fleet of 10 ships of the line and 6 frigates was originally intended to participate to the breakthrough attempt at Hangö but upon inspecting the fleet Tsar found it ill-prepared for battle and abandoned the use of the battlefleet. Further he ordered that fleet should not engage unless it would have clear superiority in artillery (3:2).
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1071:. Apraksin decided to withdraw his ships farther away to the eastern side of the peninsula and call for reinforcements while he waited for the further 20 galleys to arrive from Helsingfors where they had been over the winter. The majority of the troops in Turku were moved according to his request to the peninsula.
1321:. The small Russian galleys were easily maneuvered, whereas it was exceedingly difficult to try to turn the heavy Swedish battleships in such weather. Apraksin initially sent 20 small galleys, which succeeded in running the blockade. As the Swedes started towing their sailing ships further out to sea with
1328:
With
Wattrang's fleet moved out in an attempt to block the Russian breakthrough, the Russians started their blockade run in the early hours of 27 July along the now clear sea route alongside the cape. Despite frantic Swedish efforts to stop the Russians, only a few of the Swedish ships reached firing
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over the peninsula. The friction was reduced using ox skins between the ground and the ships. The first galley was successfully pulled over with much trouble, but the second was damaged, and the attempt was subsequently abandoned. However, Admiral
Wattrang had been informed of the Russians' attempt,
1394:
Russian galleys were designed differently from
Swedish galleys. While carrying generally inferior artillery at two 6-pounder guns per galley, they had a larger crew complement, usually close to 200 men per galley. The Russians substantially outnumbered the Swedish, according to some Swedish sources
1421:
from where he continued already on 5 August towards Åland. By 8 August
Apraksin reached the east coast of Åland triggering Swedish withdrawal from the islands. On 13 August whole of Åland was under Russian control. As the Swedish battlefleet prevented Apraksin from reaching Sweden the galleys were
1386:
The
Swedish description of the battle is not supported by Russian documents of the time and was proven incorrect in many aspects by the Russian historian Prof. Paul A. Krotov in 1996. In his research based on a large number of Russian and foreign archive documents related to the battle and dating
1355:
After the breakthrough, Russian galleys gradually pushed
Ehrenskiöld's detachment back, causing him to order his vessels to form a defensive line between two islands. One of the skerry-boats was scuttled in order to narrow down the area where the fight would take place with obstacles. The largest
1371:, which capsized and sank, creating a hole into the Swedish line. Russian galleys made use of the opening and were quickly able to start boarding the rest of the Swedish ships. Fighting lasted for three hours as the Swedes defended all of their ships. The fighting ended with the capture of
1416:
was quickly moved west of Åland to protect Sweden against raids by
Russian galleys. This also opened the coastal seaway for the Russian transports. A Russian galley fleet under Admiral Apraksin started from Rilax on 1 August to sail towards
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While the defeat of the small
Swedish squadron didn't have much consequences, the fact that over 70 Russian galleys had run the Swedish blockade at Hangö and reached the Archipelago Sea did. The Swedish battlefleet which had been blockading
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from where the supplies needed to be hauled overland. Russian attempts to provide ships to west of Hangö ended when newly formed
Swedish coastal squadron led by Captain Anton Wrangel intercepted the Russian supply ships south of
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range, and even then their artillery fire had very little effect. Only one galley was lost, when it ran aground. Now only Ehrenskiöld's small coastal squadron stood between Russian coastal fleet and the maze-like archipelago of
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When the 80 ship strong Russian galley fleet arrived near the peninsula on 29 June 1714 they were met by a strong Swedish naval fleet consisting of 16 ships of the line and 7 smaller ships under the command of Admiral
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already on 24 April. While it also blockaded the Russian supply route the blockade also prevented the Russian coastal fleet from reaching Sweden and raiding the Swedish coast. First Russian transports left from
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1363:, was positioned broadside-on to the approaching Russian vessels. Three galleys were stationed end-on on each side, with the boats behind the line. After Ehrenskiöld refused to
1953:
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The first monument to commemorate the Russian Navy, a wooden cross, was erected on the site in 1869 by Rear Admiral Rimsky-Korsakov, brother of the famous composer,
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15 to one. Russian numbers in the battle were such that there wasn't enough room for all Russian vessels to fight at once, so only 23 vessels engaged.
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Pekka Toivanen, The burial grounds of the Russian galley fleet in the Gulf of Bothnia (Finland) from 1714, Bothnia Navalis and Jabobstad Museum, 1991
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The battle was the first major victory of the Russian galley fleet, and is occasionally as such compared by Russians with the
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on 19 February 1714, left southern Finland fully in Russian control. The Russian governor in Finland, Prince Mikhail
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had begun his offensive in Finland in the spring of 1713. The Russian armies quickly advanced all the way to
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Russians later embellished the description of the battle of Gangut by reclassifying the oared flat-bottomed
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The second attempt by the Russians took advantage of calm weather on the morning of 26 July, the day of
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to intercept the Russians. Swedish efforts forced Russians to abandon their plans few days later.
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on 10 May and in one sided engagement sunk most of them while the rest were scattered. Admiral
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The first attempt in breaking through the Swedish lines was made by attempting to pull the
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holiday takes place on the last Sunday of July in commemoration of the battle. The
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974:). The battle took place in the Rilax bay north of the Hanko Peninsula, next to
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forced the remnants of the Swedish army in Finland to hastily withdraw to
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A plea for help was also sent to the Tsar, who was with the rest of the
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1656:, 3rd ed., English translation, Vol. 6 (1975), p. 527, Battle of Hangö
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on the southwestern coast of Finland, and with Russian victory in the
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and he sent a small naval detachment consisting of 11 ships led by
19:"Battle of Hanko" redirects here. For the World War II battle, see
1628:Кротов П. А. Гангутская баталия 1714 года. СПб.: Лики России. 1996
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Nordisk familjebok, Volume 7 (1907), Column 17, Nils Ehrenschiöld
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diverted to support the Russian army fighting along the coast of
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with small squadron plundering and razing the Swedish town of
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World History at KMLA, The Great Northern War 1700–1721
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on 18 September. The Presence of the Russian galley fleet on
1839:] (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: K. J. Gummerus Osakeyhtiö.
892:(1700–1721), in the waters of Riilahti Bay, north of the
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Ehrenskiöld's detachment consisted of following ships:
1454:(1735–39) contains a memorial to the Battle of Gangut.
1391:” gunboats attacked the Swedish ships from the rear.
1902:
Article 'Slaget vid Rilax' in magazine 'Fanbäraren'
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1028:had started blockading the coastal sea route past
982:and Finland, the battle is therefore known as the
888:) took place on 27 July/ 7 August 1714 during the
240:, of which 23 engaged, with about 3,900 men aboard
1858:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
1479:The victory is even nowadays celebrated by the
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1375:, where Admiral Ehrenskiöld himself was taken
1086:reached the Russian coastal fleet on 20 July.
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1578:(2011) Stockholm, Norstedts. pp. 167–173.
896:, near the site of the modern-day city of
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1520:. The memorial is at Riilahti manor in
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1037:in early May but had to stop east of
254:580 captured-2,400 killed or captured
16:1714 battle of the Great Northern War
7:
1054:'s fleet was sent from its base at
320:Denmark and Holstein-Gottorp (1700)
14:
1528:, Finland, which is owned by the
1407:Destroyed ships after the battle.
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746:Mecklenburg and Holstein-Gottorp
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928:in the name of the battle is a
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1837:Sea safeguarding our country
1643:Historical newspaper library
1438:to avoid getting encircled.
1308:4-6 × 1–3-pound swivel guns
1897:History of the Russian Navy
1498:, with its first series of
1450:Church of St. Pantaleon in
936:, which is the traditional
1990:
1706:, s.v. "Ahvenanmaa," p. 8.
1696:An Encyclopedia of Battles
1694:David Eggenberger (1985),
1576:Sjöslag och rysshärjningar
1333:and southwestern Finland.
250:All ships captured or sunk
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1654:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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1831:Mattila, Tapani (1983).
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1192:14 × 3-pound swivel guns
955:. Seldom used names are
719:Swedish German dominions
342:Swedish Baltic dominions
1885:History of Russian Navy
1854:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
1514:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
1379:on the deck of his own
914:Days of Military Honour
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21:Battle of Hanko (1941)
1930:59.93722°N 23.08167°E
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1465:into a full sailing
1346:The Battle of Gangut
1159:14 × 12-pounder guns
786:Carolean Death March
54:Central Naval Museum
48:Battle of Gangut by
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1227:2 × 18-pounder guns
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862:Гангутское сражение
1935:59.93722; 23.08167
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968:Battle of Hangöudd
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920:Name of the battle
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308:Great Northern War
36:Great Northern War
1959:Conflicts in 1714
1881:Vyborg and Gangut
1817:, pp. 45–46.
1793:, pp. 41–43.
1781:, pp. 40–41.
1745:, pp. 39–40.
1718:, pp. 38–39.
1584:978-91-1-303042-5
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1757:, p. 41.
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1733:, p. 39.
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:0-486-24913-1
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1623:
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1607:
1603:
1599:
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1577:
1571:
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1554:
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1535:
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1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1489:Imperial Navy
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
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1405:
1398:
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1384:
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1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:St Petersburg
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:Schoutbynacht
1097:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
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1027:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
997:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:cyrillization
939:
935:
931:
927:
919:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
859:
855:
842:
839:
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
792:Naval battles
791:
790:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
765:
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761:
758:
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631:
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531:
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288:
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266:
259:
256:
249:
248:
243:
239:
235:
233:941-2,400 men
229:
224:
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214:
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206:
200:
195:
189:
179:
177:
172:
166:
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105:
104:
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91:
88:
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79:
75:
72:
71:
68:7 August 1714
67:
64:
63:
59:
55:
51:
45:
40:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1911:
1863:. Retrieved
1857:
1836:
1832:
1825:Bibliography
1810:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1711:
1695:
1690:
1672:
1661:
1649:
1575:
1518:Alexander II
1511:
1504:
1494:
1481:Russian Navy
1478:
1471:
1462:
1457:
1410:
1399:Consequences
1393:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1327:
1316:
1305:skerry-boat
1297:
1292:
1287:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1211:
1206:
1176:
1162:3 × 3-pound
1146:
1125:
1105:rear admiral
1093:
1090:Breakthrough
1076:Baltic Fleet
1073:
1065:
1002:The Russian
1001:
987:
983:
971:
967:
963:
956:
951:name of the
944:
933:
930:romanization
925:
923:
906:Swedish Navy
877:
853:
851:
812:
633:Perevolochna
264:
257:
101:Belligerents
34:Part of the
1933: /
1598:Bodart 1908
1500:Dreadnought
1483:; Russia's
1436:Torne River
1164:swivel guns
1035:Helsingfors
781:Fredriksten
757:2nd Tönning
649:Helsingborg
470:Valkininkai
460:Gemauerthof
435:Darsūniškis
326:1st Tönning
80:, southern
56:(1724–1727)
1948:Categories
1918:59°56′14″N
1555:References
1138:Artillery
998:Background
972:Hankoniemi
803:Fladstrand
676:Gothenburg
655:2nd Viborg
548:Frauenwald
480:2nd Grodno
465:1st Grodno
450:Jakobstadt
388:Systerbäck
378:Hummelshof
252:361 killed
1921:23°4′54″E
1574:Ericson,
1463:Elefanten
1389:scampavia
1373:Elefanten
1365:surrender
1361:Elefanten
1279:< 100
1255:Valfisken
1147:Elefanten
1056:Kronstadt
1019:Galitzine
986:(Finnish
970:(Finnish
924:The word
776:Dynekilen
752:Gadebusch
740:Stralsund
691:Marstrand
686:Strömstad
583:Malatitze
578:Holowczyn
573:Petschora
558:Koniecpol
543:Rosenhain
538:Fraustadt
413:Kolkanpää
398:2nd Narva
393:Wesenberg
358:1st Narva
1888:Archived
1680:Archived
1526:Raseborg
1485:Navy Day
1460:gun pram
1381:flagship
1323:rowboats
1288:Flundran
1152:Gun pram
1069:Wattrang
1052:Apraksin
988:Riilahti
945:Hangöudd
841:Treaties
798:Køge Bay
702:Moldavia
681:Göta Älv
660:Helsinki
613:Oposhnya
445:Saločiai
430:Tryškiai
418:2nd Riga
383:Nöteborg
373:Erastfer
348:1st Riga
336:Humlebæk
216:Strength
73:Location
1522:Bromarv
1467:frigate
1096:galleys
1084:Peter I
1023:Admiral
1007:Peter I
961:Finnish
949:Swedish
938:Russian
902:Finland
882:Swedish
866:Finnish
858:Russian
833:Grengam
818:Fehmarn
808:Hogland
735:Stresow
665:Pälkäne
641:Finland
628:Poltava
623:Sokolki
603:Baturyn
593:Lesnaya
588:Rajovka
518:Lemberg
503:Pułtusk
498:Kliszów
455:Palanga
440:Vilnius
408:Koporye
331:Reinbek
238:galleys
228:galleys
188:Peter I
82:Finland
1865:6 June
1843:
1702:
1582:
1505:Gangut
1495:Gangut
1442:Legacy
1369:Tranan
1337:Battle
1298:Mörten
1293:Simpan
1263:Galley
1250:Geddan
1236:~ 150
1220:Galley
1212:Gripen
1207:Tranan
1198:~ 150
1182:Galley
1171:~ 200
1135:Class
1043:Ekenäs
980:Sweden
966:) and
934:Гангут
926:Gangut
813:Gangut
771:Høland
764:Norway
730:Usedom
725:Wismar
713:Bender
696:Stäket
608:Veprik
565:Russia
553:Kalisz
528:Warsaw
523:Poniec
513:Poznań
491:Saxony
487:Poland
475:Kletsk
89:Result
1969:Hanko
1835:[
1507:class
1348:, by
1331:Åland
1311:~ 25
1245:Laxen
1177:Örnen
1132:Name
1080:Reval
1048:Turku
1039:Hangö
1011:Turku
992:Åland
978:. In
964:Hanko
898:Hanko
823:Rügen
670:Napue
598:Desna
533:Praga
508:Thorn
368:Rauge
353:Varja
1867:2021
1841:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1580:ISBN
1428:Umeå
1358:pram
1004:Tsar
908:and
852:The
828:Ösel
489:and
403:Neva
363:Düna
223:pram
141:Navy
65:Date
1883:in
1419:Åbo
1078:in
1041:to
943:of
932:of
236:98
1950::
1723:^
1698:,
1633:^
1605:^
1590:^
1563:^
1532:.
1524:,
1509:.
1476:.
1469:.
1383:.
1107:)
916:.
900:,
884::
880:;
876::
872:;
868::
864:;
860::
226:6
221:1
52:,
1869:.
1849:.
959:(
856:(
672:)
653:(
643:)
298:e
291:t
284:v
267::
260::
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
