893:, the senators resorted to punitive actions against the remnants of the defeated army. 4,344 men were rounded up and sent to Sicily where they joined the survivors of Cannae and were sentenced to serve on the island until the end of the war. This had undesired repercussions. The deportation of the soldiers, most of whom were of Latin origin, caused considerable discontent among the Latin colonies which had already been drained by ten years of continuous warfare on Italian soil. Amidst great want of additional manpower and financial resources twelve out of thirty colonies refused to send any more levies and money to Rome. This crisis continued for five years and put severe strain on the Roman war effort.
868:. Upon learning this, Marcellus moved to Samnium and reduced two more towns that served as Carthaginian bases in this region. Meanwhile, Hannibal returned to northern Apulia with forced marches and managed to catch Centumalus off-guard when the latter was besieging Herdonia. Despite the Carthaginian numerical superiority the proconsul did not decline the battle. He arranged his army in two battle lines and clashed with the Carthaginian infantry. Hannibal waited until the Romans and their allies were fully engaged and sent his
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1745:
763:, and others), aggravated the relations with her exhausted Italian allies. For Hannibal the battle was a tactical success, but did not halt for long the Roman advance. Within the next three years the Romans reconquered most of the territories and cities lost at the beginning of the war and pushed the Carthaginian general to the southwestern end of the
881:
The victory did not bring strategic advantages to
Hannibal. Judging that in the long run he could not retain Herdonia, the Carthaginian general decided to resettle its population in Metapontum and Thurii to the south and destroy the city itself. Before that he set an example to other eventual
872:
cavalry to surround them. Part of the
Numidians attacked the Roman camp which was insufficiently protected. The others fell upon the rear legion and dispersed it. The same happened to the Romans fighting in the front line. Centumalus, eleven (out of twelve) military tribunes, and 7,000–13,000
834:, which had begun years before, ended in 211 BC with the fall of the largest city that had taken the side of Hannibal after Cannae. The Carthaginian's inability to defend Capua reversed the mood among many of his allies and Hannibal's position began to weaken.
1024:
1000:
819:, who revolted from Rome enticed by his narrative of Roman oppression. One of these allies was the city of Herdonia in northern Apulia. It was the site of a general engagement between Hannibal and the Romans already in 212 BC (see the
779:, the major source of this event, who describes two battles taking place in the span of two years (in 212 BC and 210 BC) at the same place (Herdonia) between Hannibal and Roman commanders with similar names (Gn. Fulvius Flaccus and
882:
traitors by executing some of the distinguished citizens who had conspired to betray
Herdonia to Centumalus. For the rest of the summer he was forced to fight off the second Roman army. The next battle with Marcellus at
1021:
997:
823:), because despite the severe defeats on the battlefield, Rome still managed to preserve intact the core of its system of alliances in Italy and continued to mount a slow but steady counter-offensive.
857:, plus an approximately equal allied contingent. Since they operated not far from each other, Hannibal did not dare to challenge them. This allowed Marcellus to capture the city of Salapia (see the
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1167:, Hans, Geschichte der Kriegskunst im Rahmen der politischen Geschichte, I Teil: Das Altertum, Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1964
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767:. The battle was the last Carthaginian victory of the war; all battles which followed were either inconclusive or Roman victories.
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The second defeat at
Herdonia did not make the Roman Senate change its warlike stance. Once again, as in the aftermath of
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The Roman advance in southern Italy continued in 210 BC. Two armies stood against
Hannibal in Apulia. One was under the
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Gnaeus
Fulvius Flaccus. However Flaccus' army was just a fraction of the forces fielded by Rome. The siege of
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755:. The heavy defeat increased the war's burden on Rome and, piled on previous military disasters (such as
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was inconclusive and
Hannibal was unable to regain the positions lost at the beginning of the campaign.
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783:). Some state that there was just one battle in fact, but there is no general agreement on this issue.
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861:), that was betrayed to him by a fraction of its citizens, and to destroy the Carthaginian garrison.
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Following his incursion into southern Italy in 217 BC, Hannibal defeated the Roman forces in the
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The first battle of
Herdonia ended with the almost total annihilation of the troops led by the
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1148:(ed. E. Rhys, translated by C. Roberts), University of Virginia Library Electronic Text Center
1043:(The History of Rome, XXVII, 1) there were between 7,000 and 13,000 killed Romans and allies.
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Following this setback, Hannibal retreated and a rumour was spread that he was going away to
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soldiers were slain. The rest were scattered and some escaped to
Marcellus in Samnium.
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at the
University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin website)
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Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus commanded the other. Their overall strength was four
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Livy, XXV, 21; Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology,
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There is a controversy among modern historians arising from the narrative of
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1051:(Abridgement of Roman History, III, 14) write about 8,000 casualties.
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Note: All links to online sources were active on October 26, 2007
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1154:, Brian, The Punic Wars, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London 1980,
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795:(216 BC). This victory brought him a host of new allies from
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Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
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1039:The primary sources give varied data. According to
1194:, New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1911 (part of
1134:(transl. J. S. Watson, London 1853), available on
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751:army which was operating against his allies in
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934:, Geschichte der Kriegskunst, I, S. 358-360
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1130:, Abridgement of Roman History,
731:took place in 210 BC during the
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1392:Hamilcar's victory with Naravas
1073:; Caven, The Punic Wars, p. 189
1144:, Titus, The History of Rome,
1060:Caven, Punic Wars, pp. 188-189
1:
922:Caven, The Punic Wars, p. 189
43:Strategic situation in 210 BC
771:Controversy among historians
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1027:September 22, 2013, at the
1003:September 22, 2013, at the
904:Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)
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24:Second Battle of Herdonia
1184:, University of Michigan
987:, The Punic Wars, p. 188
821:first battle of Herdonia
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968:, The History of Rome,
781:Gn. Fulvius Centumalus
136:Commanders and leaders
950:June 6, 2011, at the
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251:Crossing of the Alps
166:More than the Romans
110:Carthaginian victory
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396:
394:
393:Campi Veteres
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
368:2nd Casilinum
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
333:1st Casilinum
331:
329:
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321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:Ager Falernus
301:
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71:
67:
62:
59:
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51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
16:210 BC battle
1755:
1748:
1726:2nd Nepheris
1716:1st Nepheris
1618:New Carthage
1613:2nd Tarentum
1598:2nd Herdonia
1597:
1588:Upper Baetis
1583:1st Herdonia
1563:1st Tarentum
1501:Silva Litana
1412:Leptis Parva
1345:2nd Mt. Eryx
1340:1st Mt. Eryx
1290:Cape Ecnomus
1195:
1187:
1170:
1164:
1151:
1141:
1127:
1117:
1112:
1090:
1078:
1065:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
992:
984:
972:, Chapter VI
965:
939:
931:
927:
918:
888:
880:
863:
841:
825:
790:
777:Titus Livius
774:
728:
726:
634:Great Plains
618:North Africa
530:Upper Baetis
453:2nd Tarentum
428:2nd Herdonia
427:
408:1st Herdonia
383:1st Tarentum
318:Silva Litana
293:Umbrian Lake
152:
119:Belligerents
29:Part of the
1521:Decimomannu
1335:Mount Ercte
1190:, William,
592:Decimomannu
565:2nd Carteia
560:1st Carteia
463:2nd Petelia
423:Sapriportis
343:1st Petelia
94: /
1773:Categories
1711:Lake Tunis
1476:Ebro River
1260:Agrigentum
1234:Punic Wars
687:Punic Wars
612:Agrigentum
515:Illiturgis
505:Ebro River
283:Victumulae
82:15°38′00″E
79:41°19′00″N
1673:2nd Utica
1668:1st Utica
1633:Grumentum
1593:2nd Capua
1573:1st Capua
1441:Lilybaeum
1427:(Battles)
1325:Lilybaeum
1128:Eutropius
1049:Eutropius
910:Footnotes
851:proconsul
704:Mercenary
629:2nd Utica
624:1st Utica
582:Lilybaeum
473:Grumentum
413:2nd Capua
398:1st Capua
278:Placentia
1750:Category
1731:Carthage
1688:Insubria
1638:Metaurus
1608:Canusium
1603:Numistro
1543:Heat ray
1536:Syracuse
1526:3rd Nola
1516:2nd Nola
1506:1st Nola
1491:Geronium
1436:Saguntum
1397:Carthage
1387:Bagradas
1315:Panormus
1285:Tyndaris
1250:Treaties
1188:Shepherd
1178:Archived
1165:Delbrück
1132:Book III
1100:XXIX, 15
1096:XXVII, 9
1084:XXVII, 8
1071:XXVII, 2
1025:Archived
1022:XXVII, 1
1001:Archived
998:XXVI, 38
970:Book III
948:Archived
932:Delbrück
897:See also
884:Numistro
870:Numidian
866:Bruttium
813:Bruttium
797:Campania
737:Hannibal
602:Syracuse
597:Leontini
488:Insubria
478:Metaurus
448:Caulonia
443:Manduria
438:Canusium
433:Numistro
363:3rd Nola
353:2nd Nola
323:1st Nola
308:Geronium
241:Saguntum
161:Strength
142:Hannibal
125:Carthage
60:Location
1663:Crotona
1628:Petelia
1623:Baecula
1578:Silarus
1555:Sambuca
1466:Ticinus
1402:The Saw
1350:Aegates
1320:Drepana
1275:Thermae
1255:Messana
1146:Vol. IV
1109:Sources
966:Mommsen
828:praetor
809:Lucania
801:Samnium
545:Baecula
483:Crotona
468:Venusia
403:Silarus
373:Lucania
263:Ticinus
235:Prelude
179:Minimal
153:†
1779:210 BC
1496:Cannae
1471:Trebia
1158:
1142:Livius
1118:Appian
1094:Livy,
1082:Livy,
1069:Livy,
1045:Appian
1020:Livy,
996:Livy,
902:First
891:Cannae
849:. The
844:consul
815:, and
805:Apulia
761:Cannae
753:Apulia
709:Second
607:Himera
525:Orongi
494:Iberia
313:Cannae
273:Mutina
268:Trebia
149:
107:Result
66:Foggia
55:210 BC
1683:Cirta
1648:Sucro
1643:Ilipa
1511:Ibera
1461:Cissa
1451:Rhone
1446:Malta
1407:Tunis
1382:Utica
1295:Aspis
1280:Sulci
1270:Mylae
1171:Smith
1152:Caven
985:Caven
832:Capua
749:Roman
745:Italy
714:Third
699:First
639:Cirta
587:Malta
555:Sucro
550:Ilipa
540:Baria
520:Munda
510:Ibera
500:Cissa
458:Locri
348:Cumae
338:Hamae
257:Italy
246:Rhone
70:Italy
1693:Zama
1545:and
1300:Adys
1156:ISBN
1041:Livy
727:The
644:Zama
418:Rome
378:Arpi
52:Date
859:map
1775::
1098:;
1011:^
977:^
958:^
811:,
807:,
803:,
799:,
759:,
735:.
1225:e
1218:t
1211:v
678:e
671:t
664:v
213:e
206:t
199:v
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