377:. The two fleets met on 29 August. Zhu's forces numbered only a third the size of Chen's army. According to one Ming source, Zhu's forces arrived armed with "fire bombs, fire guns, fire arrows, fire seeds , large and small fire lances, large and small 'commander' fire-tubes, large and small iron bombs, rockets". This shows that older gunpowder weapons co-existed alongside guns, and proto-guns such as fire lances were not supplanted until after the early Ming. A new weapon called the "No Alternative" was also mentioned. The No Alternative was "made from a circular reed mat about five inches around and seven feet long that was pasted over with red paper and bound together with silk and hemp— stuffed inside it was gunpowder twisted in with bullets and all kinds of gunpowder weapons". It was hung from a pole on the foremast, and when an enemy ship came into close range, the fuse was lit, and the weapon would supposedly fall onto the enemy ship, at which point things inside shot out "and burned everything to bits, with no hope of salvation".
381:
in "burning twenty or more enemy vessels and killing or drowning many enemy troops". Still, their flagship also caught fire and hit a sandbar. Chen's warships drove back the opposing line until they fell back to a shallow area where they could not be pursued. Zhu tried again to engage with Chen's fleet in ship-to-ship combat and was driven back once more with severe losses. The next day, the wind shifted toward Chen's forces, and Zhu sent burning ships into the opposing fleet, destroying several hundred vessels. While guns were used during the battle, ultimately, they were not pivotal to success, and the battle was won using incendiary weapons.
363:
384:
On 2 September, the two fleets engaged in battle again. Though still outnumbered, Zhu's forces were able to isolate and destroy larger enemy warships, forcing them to withdraw. Afterward, Zhu's fleet settled into a blockade for another month before Chen decided to attempt a breakout on 4 October. Zhu
380:
On 30 August, Zhu deployed his fleet in 11 squadrons with orders to "get close to the enemy's ships and first set off gunpowder weapons (發火器), then bows and crossbows, and finally attack their ships with short-range weapons". Fire bombs were hurled using naval trebuchets, and Zhu's forces succeeded
353:
560 kilometers downriver. In 1362, Chen
Youliang used "tower ships" to transport his troops to Nanchang. They could not disembark on the city walls like they did at other cities because the wall was no longer on the shore. Chen personally led an assault on the city gates. They were repelled with a
348:
but failed to take it due to the defenders' use of cannons and suffered significant losses. The town of
Nanchang was strategically located to guard Lake Poyang, which connected the Yangzi with other river basins. During the early 1360s, Zhu Yuanzhang held key garrisons on the lake and administered
354:
barrage of cannon fire and driven back. After this failure, Chen set up a blockade, determined to starve out the defenders, but a small fishing boat managed to slip out and reached
Nanjing in time to warn Zhu Yuanzhang.
198:
400:
The
Western Wu victory cemented their position as the leading rebel group. The Western Wu would overthrow the Yuan five years later and command China. Zhu Yuanzhang then became the first
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was ready with fire ships set adrift, scattering Chen's ships so that clusters of ships engaged in combat far from each other. Chen was killed when an arrow struck his head.
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320:, one of China's largest freshwater lakes, and Zhu Yuanzhang met his force with a smaller fleet. After an inconclusive engagement exchanging fire, Zhu employed
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643:, 'The Poyang Campaign of 1363: Inland Naval Warfare in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty,' in Kierman, Frank A., and Fairbank, John K. (eds.),
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881:
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1226:
869:
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426:
248:
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Turnbull, Stephen, 'Fighting Ships of the Far East (1): China and
Southeast Asia 202 BC – AD 1419.' (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002).
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741:
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Hok-lam Chan, 'The Rise of Ming T'ai-tsu (1368–98): Facts and
Fictions in Early Ming Official Historiography',
460:至正二十三年 refers to the year 1363 CE, 七月二十日 refers to 8月29日 or 29 August, and 八月二十六日 refers to 10月4日 or 4 October.
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on 24 August and relieved
Nanchang on the 28th. Chen Youliang embarked his forces and sailed north into
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and destroyed their fleet. This was the last major battle of the rebellion before the rise of the
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457:
401:
116:
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The
Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
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The
Cambridge History of China Volume 7 The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part I
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which took place (30 August – 4 October 1363) between the rebel forces of
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960:
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637:. Academia Sinica, Taipei 1962. (1.1.1.).【陳，Ming T'aitsu refers to 明太祖】
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625:, Vol. 95, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec., 1975), p. 703, quoting
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492:, 13/165, quoted in Hok-lam Chan (1975), p. 703.
633:(1418), ed. Yao Kuang-hsiao (1335–1418) et al., 257
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647:(Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 1974).
21:
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666:, Vol. 98, No. 1 (Feb., 1993), pp. 1–17.
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16:1363 naval battle of the Red Turban Rebellion
8:
902:Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty
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680:
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185:
177:
18:
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622:Journal of the American Oriental Society
393:Chen Youliang was succeeded by his son,
344:conducted a major amphibious assault on
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897:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
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7:
662:Wakeman, Frederic, Jr., 'Voyages',
427:Ming campaign against the Uriankhai
397:, who surrendered to Zhu in 1364.
159:Chen Youliang and most of his army
14:
369:Zhu Yuanzhang's fleet arrived at
340:On 30 August 1363, the forces of
1237:Naval battles of the Middle Ages
1092:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
955:Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns
450:For those cross-referencing the
42:30 August – 4 October 1363
817:Second Mongol invasion of Burma
842:Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
605:, Princeton University Press,
288:
279:
1:
1232:Naval battles involving China
1217:Wars involving Imperial China
1125:The Story of the Western Wing
996:Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
720:Division of the Mongol Empire
308:which led to the fall of the
1262:Transition from Yuan to Ming
1001:Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)
752:conquest of the Song dynasty
658:, Cambridge University Press
480:Wakeman (1993), p. 8, n. 37.
1252:Military history of Jiangxi
1227:Battles of the Yuan dynasty
1021:Jinan Great Southern Mosque
629:, 13/165, abbreviation for
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907:Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia
786:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
664:American Historical Review
1257:1363 in the Mongol Empire
822:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
654:Twitchett, Denis (1998),
312:. Chen Youliang besieged
217:
153:
131:
106:
89:
34:
26:
936:Goryeo under Mongol rule
742:Mongol conquest of China
77:gained control over the
1011:Pagoda of Bailin Temple
832:1344 Yellow River flood
827:War of the Two Capitals
737:Kublai Khan's campaigns
645:Chinese Ways in Warfare
631:(Ming) T'ai-tsu shih-lu
1111:The Injustice to Dou E
1016:Temple of Azure Clouds
946:Science and technology
803:Battle of Ngasaunggyan
747:anti-Mongol fortresses
366:
316:with a large fleet on
107:Commanders and leaders
1247:14th century in China
847:Battle of Lake Poyang
837:Red Turban Rebellions
422:Red Turban Rebellions
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272:Battle of Lake Poyang
259:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
222:Red Turban Rebellions
154:Casualties and losses
22:Battle of Lake Poyang
306:Red Turban Rebellion
29:Red Turban Rebellion
1030:Society and culture
757:Battle of Xiangyang
432:Battle of Buir Lake
1118:The Orphan of Zhao
887:Imperial Preceptor
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324:to burn the enemy
1222:Conflicts in 1363
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641:Dreyer, Edward L.
289:Póyáng Hú Zhīzhàn
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84:
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1174:ʼPhags-pa script
1104:The Chalk Circle
1085:Zhongyuan Yinyun
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1043:History of Liao
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1006:Miaoying Temple
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854:Ispah rebellion
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298:Zhu Yuanzhang
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1242:1363 in Asia
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1152:Other topics
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1071:Menggu Ziyun
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989:Architecture
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970:
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703:Yuan dynasty
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555:Andrade 2016
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543:Andrade 2016
538:
531:Andrade 2016
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519:Andrade 2016
502:Andrade 2016
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451:
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406:Ming dynasty
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330:Ming dynasty
310:Yuan dynasty
294:naval battle
287:
271:
269:
226:
208:Wars of the
118:
90:Belligerents
79:Yangzi River
1037:Yuan poetry
875:family tree
375:Lake Poyang
326:tower ships
318:Lake Poyang
304:during the
149:200,000 men
143:650,000 men
52:Lake Poyang
1211:Categories
863:Government
468:References
349:them from
336:Background
322:fire ships
165:1,346 dead
101:Western Wu
1186:Khanbaliq
927:Dpon-chen
917:Manchuria
882:Empresses
389:Aftermath
254:Buir Lake
249:Uriankhai
73:victory,
1169:Borjigin
979:Nong Shu
961:Jiaochao
912:Mongolia
870:Emperors
771:Sakhalin
601:(2016),
416:See also
346:Nanchang
342:Chen Han
314:Nanchang
292:) was a
132:Strength
96:Chen Han
56:Jiujiang
47:Location
27:Part of
1191:Shangdu
1159:Mongols
1143:Fashion
966:Coinage
781:Vietnam
712:History
582:Mingshi
408:as the
404:of the
402:emperor
395:Chen Li
351:Nanjing
276:Chinese
119:†
705:topics
609:
358:Battle
286::
284:pinyin
278::
239:Yunnan
227:Poyang
115:
81:valley
67:Result
1138:Islam
922:Tibet
808:Pagan
798:Burma
776:Japan
762:Yamen
635:chüan
438:Notes
371:Hukou
280:鄱陽湖之戰
60:China
1133:Semu
1098:Zaju
1057:Song
627:TTSL
607:ISBN
584:《明史》
490:TTSL
300:and
270:The
71:Ming
39:Date
1050:Jin
1213::
574:^
509:^
412:.
332:.
282:;
58:,
54:,
695:e
688:t
681:v
616:.
274:(
200:e
193:t
186:v
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