1336:
that the main effect of the Allied air attacks had been to destroy the unarmored vehicles and troops in the German offensive, as well as forcing the German armor to disperse to cover (thus disrupting its operations). The rockets and bombs of the Allied fighter-bombers were too poor to destroy more than a few of the German tanks, but fear of being incinerated inside a tank if a rocket or bomb struck it caused some of the inexperienced German crews to abandon their tanks intact under air attack. In one
British study, it was found that the average Typhoon pilot firing a barrage of all eight rockets had only a four percent chance of striking a target the size of a tank.
1328:
salvo. Typhoons flew 294 sorties that afternoon, firing 2,088 rockets and dropping 80 short tons (73 t) of bombs. They engaged the German formations while the US 9th Air Force prevented German fighters from intervening. General
Speidel, Chief of Staff to Field-Marshal Von Kluge, wrote after the war "The armoured operation was completely wrecked exclusively by the Allied Air Forces supported by a highly trained ground wireless organization". Author and Typhoon pilot, Desmond Scott states that the battle of Mortain "proved conclusively that major ground offensives can be defeated by the use of tactical air power alone".
1275:) had been so pessimistic about the operation that he had not even ordered his tank units to take part. This delay disjointed the German attack, but on the German left flank, the SS Panzer troops attacked the positions of the American 30th Infantry Division east of Mortain shortly after midnight. The Germans achieved temporary surprise, as the Ultra documents had arrived at U.S. First Army Headquarters too late to alert the troops to the immediate assault. They briefly captured Mortain but were unable to breach the lines of the 30th Division, as the 2nd Battalion of the
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1363:) was attacking the rear of the two SS Panzer Divisions. Although fighting would continue around Mortain for several more days, there was no further prospect of any German success. The Germans issued orders to go on to the defensive along the entire front, but poorly communicated orders resulted in this being impossible to achieve, with some German forces retreating, and others preparing to hold their ground.
1345:
1356:, on the right flank of the German attack. The 116th Panzer Division—which was supposed to advance in this sector—was actually driven back. In the afternoon, the 1st SS and 116th Panzer Divisions made renewed attacks, but the flanks of the Mortain positions had been sealed off, allowing the American VII Corps to contain the German advance.
1283:
1332:, the Supreme Allied Commander, said of the Typhoons; "The chief credit in smashing the enemy's spearhead, however, must go to the rocket-firing Typhoon aircraft of the Second Tactical Air Force ..The result of the strafing was that the enemy attack was effectively brought to a halt, and a threat was turned into a great victory."
1016:, the Germans were soon halted, and the Allies inflicted severe losses on the attacking troops, eventually destroying most of the German tanks involved in the attack. Although fighting continued around Mortain for six days, the American forces had regained the initiative within a day of the opening of the German attack.
1085:) on the eastern flank of the American armies. Much of the German armored reserves being rushed west to halt the American breakthrough were diverted to face this new threat. Meanwhile, the U.S. continued its attacks to widen the corridor around Avranches. Although the Germans held the vital road junction of
1429:
Although
American casualties in Operation Lüttich were significantly lighter than in previous operations, certain sectors of the front, notably the positions held by the 30th Division around Mortain, took severe casualties. By the end of 7 August alone, nearly 1,000 men of the 30th Division had been
1413:
By 13 August, the offensive had fully halted, with German forces being driven out of
Mortain. The Germans had lost 120 tanks and assault guns to Allied counter-attacks and air strikes, more than two-thirds of their committed total. As Hitler ordered German forces in Normandy to hold their positions,
1318:
that German forces would have adequate air support, the Allied aircraft quickly achieved complete control of the airspace over
Mortain. The Luftwaffe reported that its fighters were engaged by Allied aircraft from the moment they took off, and were unable even to reach the battlefield. In the open
1335:
Allied fighter bomber attacks in the Battle of
Mortain produced claims of the pilots of over two hundred German tanks destroyed. This was disputed by subsequent Army studies of the battlefield, which showed that most of the destroyed German armor was knocked out by gunfire from ground forces and
1327:
fighter bombers of the RAF. The RAF Typhoon, which was selected by
General Eisenhower to attack the armoured divisions, carried eight 60 lb rockets which had the destructive power of a 6-inch naval gun shell and even with a 40-50 yard error they were extremely destructive especially when fired in
1191:
commit its entire reserve, including 1,000 fighter aircraft. According to Hitler, three qualifications had to be met for the attack to proceed. "Von Kluge must believe in it. He must be able to detach enough armour from the main front in
Normandy to create an effective striking force, and he must
1019:
As the German commanders on the spot had warned Hitler in vain, there was little chance of the attack succeeding, and the concentration of their armoured reserves at the western end of the front in
Normandy soon led to disaster, as they were outflanked to their south and the front to their east
1260:
1067:, was activated the same day. Despite German air attacks against the bridge at Pontaubault, Patton pushed no less than seven divisions across it during the next three days, and units of his army began advancing almost unopposed towards the Brittany ports.
1449:, sealing off some 50,000 German troops in the pocket. By 21 August, German attempts to reopen the gap had been thwarted, and all German troops trapped in the pocket surrendered to Allied forces, effectively putting an end to the German 7th Army.
1199:(commanding the German 7th Army, which held the western part of the front) decided to attack as soon as possible, before the overall situation deteriorated further. The main striking force assigned was the XLVII Panzer Corps, commanded by General
965:
is the German name for the city of Liège, Belgium. In
British and American histories of the Second World War, the German Operation Lüttich is known as the Mortain counter-attack, which Hitler ordered to regain territory gained by the
1366:
As the U.S. First Army counter-attacked German units near Mortain, units of Patton's 3rd Army were advancing unchecked through the open country to the south of the German armies, and had taken Le Mans on 8 August. The same day, the
5904:
1177:, the German armed forces headquarters—was also sent to Kluge's headquarters to ensure these orders were complied with. Kluge suggested that there was no chance of success, and the German forces in Normandy should retire to the
1375:
and threatened to break through to Falaise, although this attack stalled after two days. In desperation, Hitler ordered the attacks against Mortain to be renewed with greater intensity, demanding that the
1279:
commanded Hill 314, the dominant feature around Mortain. Although cut off, they were supplied by parachute drops. Of the 700 men who defended the position until 12 August, over 300 were killed or wounded.
5909:
1235:
Kluge ordered the attack to be mounted on the night of 6/7 August. To avoid alerting American forces to the attack, there would be no preparatory artillery bombardments. The intention was to hit the
1422:
West in danger of being encircled by Allied forces. As American forces advanced on Argentan, British and Canadian forces advanced on Falaise, threatening to cut off both armies in the newly formed
1290:
To the north, the 2nd Panzer Division attacked several hours later, aiming south-west toward Avranches. It managed to penetrate several miles into the American lines, before being stopped by the
3890:
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1306:
By noon of 7 August, the early morning fog had dispersed, and large numbers of Allied aircraft appeared over the battlefield. With the advance knowledge of the attack provided by Ultra, the
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nearby, the American forces had "turned the corner"; the German front could no longer be anchored against the sea at its western end and American forces could advance west and south into
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1162:, the formation conducting the battle in Normandy. He had warned Hitler on 22 July that the collapse of the front was imminent, but Hitler continued to order him to stand fast.
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1185:, but on 4 August, Hitler categorically ordered the attack to be launched. He demanded that eight of the nine Panzer Divisions in Normandy be used in the attack, and that the
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had intercepted and decrypted the orders for Operation Lüttich by August 4. As a result, Bradley was able to obtain air support from both the US 9th Air Force and the
405:
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only 2 mi (3.2 km) short of Avranches. The German High Command ordered the attacks to be renewed before the afternoon, so that Avranches could be taken.
1243:, east of Mortain, then cut through American defenses to reach the coast. Had surprise been achieved, the attack might well have succeeded, but Allied decoders at
5833:
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1119:, Bradley ordered Patton to drive eastward with the main body of the U.S. Third Army, around the open German flank and into the German rear areas. Major General
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reported that his troops were still not concentrated, and the commander of the 116th Panzer Division "had made a mess of things". In fact, this officer (
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1203:. Instead of eight Panzer Divisions, only four—one of them incomplete—could be relieved from their defensive tasks and assembled in time; the
5914:
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1950:
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1405:—acquiesced in this apparently suicidal order. Eberbach's proposed counter-attack was soon overtaken by events, and was never mounted.
1380:, almost the only formation opposing Patton's advance east from Le Mans, be transferred to Mortain to take part in the attack. General
1359:
Meanwhile, Bradley had sent two armoured combat commands against the German southern (left) flank. On 8 August, one of these (from the
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Mortain, Hill 314 in 2009. Position of the 2nd Battalion/120th Infantry Regiment which was surrounded by the 2nd SS Panzer Division.
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killed. Estimates for American casualties from 6–13 August vary from 2,000-3,000 fatalities, with an unknown number of wounded.
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La Montjoie héroïque; l'ermitage Saint-Michel au cours des siècles; la défense de la cote 314 pendants les combats d'août 1944
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on the French coast, sent a directive to Kluge ordering "an immediate counter-attack between Mortain and Avranches". General
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1047:. Almost the entire western half of the German front in Normandy collapsed, and on 1 August, American forces captured
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advanced no less than 75 mi (121 km) during the next three days, and by 7 August they were approaching
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On 25 July 1944, following six weeks of attritional warfare along a stalemated front, American forces under
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Group Eberbach", to command the renewed offensive. Kluge—who feared he was about to be implicated by the
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1219:, with a total of about 300 tanks. The Panzer Corps was supported by two Infantry Divisions and five
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Although ordered to wait "until every tank, gun and plane was assembled", Kluge and SS General
1051:. With the capture of this town at the base of the Cotentin peninsula, and an intact bridge at
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collapsed, resulting in many of the German troops in Normandy being trapped in the
950:
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was injured by Allied aircraft on 17 July, Kluge also took over direct command of
17:
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1100:, captured Mortain, 19 miles (31 km) east of Avranches, on 3 August.
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1056:
987:
771:
79:
1957:
Air Power at the Battlefront: Allied Close Air Support in Europe 1943–45
1397:
1128:
1116:
958:
75:
1910:. French, Imprimerie du Mortainais; (1975), Historame, hors série n° 2
3461:
1889:. French, Imprimerie Simon, Rennes; Le Livre d'Histoire, Paris, 2004
1352:
Through 7 August, American troops had continued to press south near
1282:
5905:
Battles and operations of World War II involving the United States
3649:
1343:
1281:
1258:
1478:
1348:
Allied and Axis attacks and counter-attacks from 6–17 August 1944
1353:
1182:
1086:
5361:
2056:
2052:
1111:
continued to advance west through Brittany toward the ports of
263:
1414:
the U.S. VII and XV Corps were swinging east and north toward
1248:
54:
German armour destroyed during Operation Lüttich, August 1944
1371:
attacked the weakened German positions south of Caen in
1437:, in conjunction with American movements northwards to
2714:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
2036:
Wilmot, Chester; Christopher Daniel McDevitt (1997).
5910:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
1625:
1623:
1323:
became exposed targets, especially for rocket-firing
1151:
was the German supreme commander in the West. After
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3278:
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2408:
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1131:, formerly the location of the headquarters of the
1986:The Armoured Campaign in Normandy June–August 1944
2004:D-Day; The Greatest Invasion, A People's History
1391:—was ordered to form a new headquarters, named "
1012:. Despite initial success against the defending
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1731:The Story of 609 Squadron: Under the White Rose
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1418:. The German attack west left the 7th Army and
1043:, which broke through the German defenses near
254:120 tanks and assault guns destroyed or damaged
34:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1232:and four equally battered infantry divisions.
5373:
2068:
275:
8:
5388:Primary articles on the Battle of Normandy,
1686:
1684:
5680:American logistics in the Normandy campaign
1793:
1791:
1656:
1654:
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1648:
1646:
1644:
1543:
1541:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1181:, pivoting on the intact defences south of
949:(7–13 August 1944) was the codename of the
5877:Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord
5685:British logistics in the Normandy campaign
5380:
5366:
5358:
3926:
2978:
2167:
2075:
2061:
2053:
1135:, and still an important logistic center.
1081:, mounted a supporting attack (code-named
957:, which occurred near U.S. positions near
282:
268:
260:
31:
1899:Buisson, Gilles, and Blouet, Léon (1954)
1165:On 2 August, Hitler, fearing the loss of
1716:The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II
1457:
1433:On 14 August, Canadian forces launched
1302:Allied air strikes—the offensive stalls
1263:American forces in Mortain, August 1944
982:, in order to isolate the units of the
5420:American airborne landings in Normandy
3907:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1887:Mortain et sa bataille, 2–13 août 1944
1842:
4785:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4210:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3856:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3812:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2910:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1477:. Memorial Mont-Ormel. Archived from
1103:The next day, although Major General
7:
3900:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2925:Rape during the liberation of France
1703:(DVD). 2005. Event occurs at 20:30.
1555:
1553:
1513:
1511:
978:region, which is at the base of the
1931:. Konecky & Konecky, New York.
1319:ground east of Mortain, the German
5473:Greenline, Pomegranate and Express
4126:German invasion of the Netherlands
2399:Weather events during World War II
1903:. French, Imprimerie du Mortainais
1225:, formed from the remnants of the
1063:, commanded by Lieutenant General
25:
4764:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1885:Buisson, Jules and Gilles (1946)
1441:. On 19 August, a brigade of the
406:Caen canal and Orne river bridges
5449:Capture of Caen and Orne bridges
5324:
993:The Germans' main force was the
171:
157:
145:
48:
5867:People of Western Europe speech
5788:Military cemeteries in Normandy
344:Taxable, Glimmer & Big Drum
5862:June 6, 1944, order of the day
5011:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
2707:Territorial changes of Germany
2615:Indonesian National Revolution
2020:Enemy North, South, East, West
1943:Armor Battles of the Waffen-SS
1173:—the Deputy Chief of Staff at
27:Operation part of World War II
1:
4404:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4355:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4119:German invasion of Luxembourg
2493:Mediterranean and Middle East
1988:. Stroud: The History Press.
1445:linked up with forces of the
1312:RAF Second Tactical Air Force
1239:, commanded by Major-General
1039:mounted an attack code-named
974:by reaching the coast of the
224:RAF Second Tactical Air Force
5915:August 1944 events in Europe
5621:
5617:
4311:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4000:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3311:Independent State of Croatia
1443:Polish 1st Armoured Division
1314:. Despite assurances by the
1294:and a combat command of the
1139:German command and decisions
5697:(Pipe-Line Under The Ocean)
5302:End of World War II in Asia
5142:Western invasion of Germany
4649:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
4626:Second Battle of El Alamein
4189:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4161:Battle of the Mediterranean
4014:Italian invasion of Albania
2181:Air warfare of World War II
1908:L'Epopée du bataillon perdu
1776:Gooderson, 1997 pp. 111–117
1447:90th U.S. Infantry Division
1310:had been reinforced by the
1237:U.S. 30th Infantry Division
252:Unknown number of infantry
5931:
5228:Naval bombardment of Japan
4589:First Battle of El Alamein
4508:Battle of Christmas Island
4453:Japanese invasion of Burma
4217:Italian invasion of Greece
4133:German invasion of Belgium
4105:German invasion of Denmark
4078:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
3947:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2204:Comparative military ranks
1070:Beginning on 30 July, the
961:, in northwestern France.
953:counter-attack during the
237:150 tanks and assault guns
5834:Allied forces in Normandy
5317:
5149:Bratislava–Brno offensive
5080:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
4704:Allied invasion of Sicily
4557:Aleutian Islands campaign
4529:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4467:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4362:Second Battle of Changsha
4267:German invasion of Greece
4112:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2447:North and Central Pacific
2090:
2022:. Strawberry hill Press.
2002:Van Der Vat, Dan (2003).
1973:. McGraw-Hill, New York.
1361:U.S. 2nd Armored Division
351:Combined Bomber Offensive
303:
241:
206:
185:
138:
58:
47:
39:
4741:Allied invasion of Italy
4718:Solomon Islands campaign
4460:Third Battle of Changsha
4057:First Battle of Changsha
3963:Second Sino-Japanese War
2896:German military brothels
2762:United States war crimes
1984:Napier, Stephen (2015).
1913:Cawthorne, Nigel (2005)
1744:Desmond., Scott (1988).
984:Third United States Army
968:First United States Army
5163:Second Guangxi campaign
5018:Philippines (1944–1945)
4515:Battle of the Coral Sea
4418:Fall of the Philippines
4064:Battle of South Guangxi
3970:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3369:Italian Social Republic
2040:. Wordsworth Editions.
2038:The Struggle For Europe
1917:. Arcturus Publishing.
1915:Victory in World War II
1906:Buisson, Gilles (1954)
1729:Ziegler, Frank (1971).
1277:120th Infantry Regiment
1201:Hans Freiherr von Funck
986:that had advanced into
5814:D-Day naval deceptions
4748:Armistice of Cassibile
4543:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4494:Battle of the Java Sea
4397:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4297:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4290:Battle of South Shanxi
4260:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4043:Battle of the Atlantic
3657:Korean Liberation Army
3363:(until September 1943)
3320:(until September 1944)
3298:(until September 1944)
2018:Weiss, Robert (1998).
1969:Lewin, Ronald (1978).
1941:Fey, William (2003).
1927:D'Este, Carlo (1983).
1349:
1340:American counter-moves
1292:35th Infantry Division
1287:
1267:At 22:00 on 6 August,
1264:
1217:1st SS Panzer Division
1213:2nd SS Panzer Division
813:Air and Sea operations
606:Anglo-Canadian Sector
485:Anglo-Canadian Sector
186:Commanders and leaders
4912:Second Battle of Guam
4808:Bengal famine of 1943
4778:Second Battle of Kiev
4734:Battle of the Dnieper
4603:Kokoda Track campaign
4432:Battle of Wake Island
4304:East African campaign
4246:Battle of South Henan
3891:atrocities by Germans
3664:Korean Volunteer Army
2638:Occupation of Germany
2392:Music in World War II
1785:Gooderson, 1997 p. 76
1347:
1285:
1262:
1209:116th Panzer Division
845:Supporting operations
242:Casualties and losses
232:5 Panzer or Infantry
220:USAAF Ninth Air Force
5584:(Canada, Poland, US)
5537:(Canada, Poland, UK)
5531:(Canada, Poland, UK)
5198:Surrender of Germany
4676:Battle of West Hubei
4633:Guadalcanal campaign
4596:Battle of Stalingrad
4522:Battle of Madagascar
3289:Albania protectorate
3076:(formerly Swaziland)
2785:Wehrmacht war crimes
2601:Expulsion of Germans
2385:Art and World War II
2283:British contribution
2232:Governments in exile
1959:Frank Cass, London.
1955:Gooderson, Ian 1997
1929:Decision in Normandy
1714:Hallion, Richard P.
1330:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1296:3rd Armored Division
1273:Gerhard von Schwerin
1153:Generalfeldmarschall
297:(Battle of Normandy)
230:2 Infantry Divisions
212:5 Infantry Divisions
103:48.64861°N 0.93972°W
5845:Operation Bodyguard
5839:Liberation of Paris
5288:Potsdam Declaration
5177:Italy (Spring 1945)
4940:Liberation of Paris
4390:Siege of Sevastopol
3401:(until August 1944)
3304:Wang Jingwei regime
3126:from September 1943
3086:from September 1944
3024:from September 1944
2884:Romanian war crimes
2875:Persecution of Jews
2861:Croatian war crimes
2831:Japanese war crimes
2645:Occupation of Japan
2594:First Indochina War
2306:Military production
2218:Declarations of war
1945:. Stackpole Books.
1475:"Operation Lüttich"
1435:Operation Tractable
1378:9th Panzer Division
1369:First Canadian Army
1205:2nd Panzer Division
1192:achieve surprise".
1145:Generalfeldmarshall
1072:British Second Army
1003:and one-and-a-half
98: /
5900:Operation Overlord
5872:Rommel's asparagus
5856:Operation Jedburgh
5701:Operation Chastity
5281:Surrender of Japan
5114:Battle of Iwo Jima
4963:Belgrade offensive
4369:Siege of Leningrad
4253:Battle of Shanggao
4182:British Somaliland
4147:Dunkirk evacuation
4098:Norwegian campaign
4036:Invasion of Poland
3863:Japanese prisoners
2824:Italian war crimes
2755:British war crimes
2670:Soviet occupations
2454:South-West Pacific
2341:Allied cooperation
2299:Military equipment
1608:Van Der Vat, p.164
1505:Van der Vat, p.163
1373:Operation Totalize
1350:
1308:U.S. 9th Air Force
1288:
1265:
1083:Operation Bluecoat
1076:Lieutenant-General
1034:Lieutenant General
995:XLVII Panzer Corps
980:Cotentin peninsula
955:Battle of Normandy
640:Normandy massacres
529:Operation Chastity
293:Operation Overlord
249:2,000–3,000 killed
247:~10,000 casualties
228:3 Panzer Divisions
108:48.64861; -0.93972
42:Battle of Normandy
5885:
5884:
5850:Operation Dragoon
5525:(UK 6th Airborne)
5355:
5354:
5313:
5312:
5156:Battle of Okinawa
5055:Burma (1944–1945)
4889:Mariana and Palau
4669:Tunisian campaign
4487:Fall of Singapore
4411:Fall of Hong Kong
4154:Battle of Britain
4007:Operation Himmler
3916:
3915:
3580:Dutch East Indies
3216:Southern Rhodesia
2968:
2967:
2868:Genocide of Serbs
2771:German war crimes
2748:Soviet war crimes
2741:Allied war crimes
2587:Division of Korea
2566:Chinese Civil War
2364:Strategic bombing
2276:Manhattan Project
2006:. Madison Press.
1971:Ultra Goes to War
1951:978-0-8117-2905-5
1872:Cawthorne, p. 129
1863:Cawthorne, p. 126
1382:Heinrich Eberbach
1149:Günther von Kluge
1105:Troy H. Middleton
1098:J. Lawton Collins
947:Operation Lüttich
941:
940:
797:Mantes-Gassicourt
461:Normandy landings
258:
257:
201:Günther von Kluge
134:
133:
35:Operation Lüttich
18:Battle of Mortain
16:(Redirected from
5922:
5858:(France, UK, US)
5852:(France, UK, US)
5824:Hobart's Funnies
5778:Hillman Fortress
5690:Mulberry harbour
5623:
5619:
5616:Landing points (
5594:Merville Battery
5463:(Deception plan)
5382:
5375:
5368:
5359:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5331:World portal
5329:
5328:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5191:Prague offensive
5186:
5184:Battle of Berlin
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5128:Vienna offensive
5123:
5116:
5109:
5107:Battle of Manila
5102:
5082:
5073:
5064:
5057:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4997:
4988:
4981:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4891:
4884:
4875:
4866:
4857:
4850:
4848:Korsun–Cherkassy
4843:
4832:
4810:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4690:Bombing of Gorky
4685:
4678:
4671:
4651:
4644:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4550:Battle of Midway
4545:
4538:
4536:Battle of Gazala
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4446:Battle of Borneo
4441:
4439:Malayan campaign
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4383:Bombing of Gorky
4378:
4376:Battle of Moscow
4371:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4228:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4140:Battle of France
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3993:Munich Agreement
3988:
3981:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3949:
3942:
3927:
3909:
3902:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3878:Soviet prisoners
3872:
3865:
3858:
3849:
3842:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3818:German prisoners
3814:
3794:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3349:
3347:French Indochina
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3271:
3262:
3255:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3194:from August 1944
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3077:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2979:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2920:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2838:Nanjing Massacre
2833:
2826:
2817:
2815:Nuremberg trials
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2548:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2419:Asia and Pacific
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2348:Mulberry harbour
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2183:
2168:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2033:
1999:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1833:Cawthorne, p.125
1831:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1548:
1545:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1471:
1215:and part of the
1171:Walter Warlimont
1079:Miles C. Dempsey
1065:George S. Patton
1010:Panzer Divisions
572:La Haye-du-Puits
557:American Sector
465:American Sector
411:Merville Battery
391:Airborne assault
298:
294:
284:
277:
270:
261:
181:
177:
175:
174:
163:
161:
160:
151:
149:
148:
122:
121:
119:
118:
117:
115:
110:
109:
104:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
66:7–13 August 1944
60:
59:
52:
32:
21:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5881:
5792:
5756:
5737:Longues-sur-Mer
5705:
5668:
5611:
5600:Verrières Ridge
5546:
5439:(UK and Canada)
5396:
5386:
5356:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5323:
5321:
5309:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5247:
5242:Atomic bombings
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5085:
5078:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5000:
4991:
4984:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4945:
4938:
4933:Eastern Romania
4931:
4926:Warsaw Uprising
4924:
4919:Tannenberg Line
4917:
4910:
4905:Western Ukraine
4903:
4894:
4887:
4878:
4869:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4835:
4826:
4813:
4806:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4697:Battle of Kursk
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4654:
4647:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4501:St Nazaire Raid
4499:
4492:
4485:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4325:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4283:Anglo-Iraqi War
4281:
4274:Battle of Crete
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4231:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4203:Eastern Romania
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4021:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3945:
3938:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3889:
3882:
3877:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3845:
3838:
3829:
3822:
3817:
3810:
3797:
3790:
3781:
3774:
3769:
3764:Western Ukraine
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3708:Northeast China
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3407:Slovak Republic
3405:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3378:Empire of Japan
3376:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3294:
3287:
3274:
3267:
3258:
3251:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3080:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2964:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2923:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2890:Sexual violence
2889:
2882:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2613:
2608:Greek Civil War
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2551:
2544:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2433:South-East Asia
2431:
2424:
2417:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2292:Military awards
2290:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2179:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2081:
2051:
2030:
2017:
1996:
1983:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1756:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1493:
1484:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1459:
1455:
1411:
1342:
1304:
1257:
1141:
1133:German 7th Army
1121:Wade H. Haislip
1109:U.S. VIII Corps
1061:U.S. Third Army
1041:Operation Cobra
1030:
972:Operation Cobra
944:
943:
942:
937:
924:
711:Verrières Ridge
633:Le Mesnil-Patry
556:
554:Ground campaign
464:
427:American Sector
394:British Sector
393:
299:
296:
292:
290:
288:
253:
248:
236:
231:
229:
222:
218:
216:combat commands
213:
194:
172:
170:
169:
158:
156:
155:
146:
144:
113:
111:
107:
105:
101:
100:
97:
92:
89:
87:
85:
84:
83:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5928:
5926:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5892:
5891:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5783:Pegasus Bridge
5780:
5775:
5770:
5768:Falaise pocket
5764:
5762:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5634:
5627:
5625:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5606:Villers-Bocage
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5490:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5446:
5440:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5417:
5416:(assault plan)
5411:
5410:(overall plan)
5404:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5362:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5261:
5258:South Sakhalin
5254:
5253:
5252:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5058:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
4998:
4989:
4982:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4892:
4885:
4876:
4867:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4833:
4823:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4795:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4737:
4730:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4683:Battle of Attu
4679:
4672:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4645:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4567:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4482:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4425:Battle of Guam
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4348:Battle of Kiev
4344:
4337:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3935:
3933:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3859:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:United Kingdom
3843:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3815:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:British Empire
3237:United Kingdom
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3078:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3053:Czechoslovakia
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2950:Rape of Manila
2946:
2939:
2932:
2921:
2906:
2899:
2887:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2827:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2788:
2781:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2721:United Nations
2717:
2710:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2580:Decolonization
2576:
2569:
2561:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2253:United Kingdom
2249:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2099:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2015:
2000:
1994:
1981:
1967:
1953:
1939:
1925:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1845:, p. 324.
1835:
1817:
1815:Wilmot, p. 414
1808:
1799:
1797:D'Este, p. 420
1787:
1778:
1769:
1754:
1736:
1733:. p. 296.
1721:
1706:
1701:Typhoon At War
1692:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1640:
1631:
1619:
1610:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1559:D'Este, p. 414
1549:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1507:
1491:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1424:Falaise Pocket
1410:
1407:
1384:—commander of
1341:
1338:
1325:Hawker Typhoon
1303:
1300:
1256:
1255:German attacks
1253:
1140:
1137:
1091:U.S. VII Corps
1029:
1026:
1022:Falaise Pocket
1014:U.S. VII Corps
939:
938:
936:
935:
923:
922:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
842:
841:
836:
834:Pierres Noires
831:
826:
821:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
762:
755:
754:
753:
741:
734:
727:
714:
713:
708:
701:
694:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
649:
648:
647:
637:
636:
635:
630:
628:Villers-Bocage
618:
613:
604:
603:
602:
601:
591:
590:
589:
579:
574:
569:
564:
562:Brécourt Manor
551:
550:
549:
548:
543:
533:
532:
531:
515:
514:
512:Port-en-Bessin
509:
504:
499:
494:
483:
482:
477:
472:
457:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
423:
422:
415:
414:
413:
408:
388:
387:
382:
377:
370:
363:
361:Transport Plan
358:
353:
348:
347:
346:
341:
334:
327:
313:
304:
301:
300:
289:
287:
286:
279:
272:
264:
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
239:
238:
226:
209:
208:
204:
203:
198:
188:
187:
183:
182:
167:
165:United Kingdom
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:Allied victory
128:
124:
123:
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5927:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5888:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5804:Atlantic Wall
5802:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5759:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5710:Gun batteries
5708:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5644:
5643:Pointe du Hoc
5641:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5614:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5390:Western Front
5383:
5378:
5376:
5371:
5369:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:Kuril Islands
5262:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5211:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5032:Syrmian Front
5029:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:Market Garden
4974:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4837:Monte Cassino
4834:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
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4196:Baltic states
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3840:United States
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3809:
3808:
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3776:Quốc dân Đảng
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3476:Liechtenstein
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
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3445:
3444:
3442:
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3428:Collaboration
3425:
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3408:
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3253:United States
3250:
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3109:
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2996:
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2989:
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2986:
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2980:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:Comfort women
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2927: /
2926:
2922:
2919:
2916: /
2915:
2912: /
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:Camp brothels
2900:
2897:
2893:
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2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:The Holocaust
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:forced labour
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2756:
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2664:
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2658:
2655:
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2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2631:Marshall Plan
2628:
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2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
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2520:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2484:Eastern Front
2481:
2478:
2477:Western Front
2474:
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2467:
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2458:
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2411:
2407:
2400:
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2386:
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2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:Puppet states
2368:
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2354:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2313:Naval history
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
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2260:United States
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
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2240:
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2222:
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2139:
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2100:
2097:
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2092:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2073:
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2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2047:
2046:1-85326-677-9
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2012:1-55192-586-9
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1995:9780750964739
1991:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1979:0-07-037453-8
1976:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:0-71464-680-6
1962:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1937:1-56852-260-6
1934:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1923:1-84193-351-1
1920:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1895:2-84373-533-5
1892:
1888:
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1794:
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1779:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1755:0-09-950700-5
1751:
1747:
1746:Typhoon pilot
1740:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1690:Wilmot, p.404
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1669:D'Este, p.418
1666:
1663:
1660:D'Este, p.419
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1638:Wilmot, p.402
1635:
1632:
1629:D'Este, p.416
1626:
1624:
1620:
1617:D'Este, p.415
1614:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1577:Lewin, p. 338
1574:
1571:
1568:Wilmot, p.401
1565:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:Wilmot, p.400
1544:
1542:
1538:
1535:Wilmot, p.399
1532:
1529:
1526:D'Este, p.408
1523:
1520:
1517:D'Este, p.409
1514:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1481:on 2013-10-20
1480:
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1130:
1126:
1125:U.S. XV Corps
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:Major General
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
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673:
669:
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653:
650:
646:
645:Ardenne Abbey
643:
642:
641:
638:
634:
631:
629:
626:
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624:
623:
619:
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614:
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519:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
492:
488:
487:
486:
481:
480:Pointe du Hoc
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
421:
420:
416:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
401:
397:
396:
395:
392:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:
371:
369:
368:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
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345:
342:
340:
339:
335:
333:
332:
328:
326:
325:
321:
320:
319:
318:
314:
312:
311:Atlantic Wall
309:
308:
307:
302:
295:
285:
280:
278:
273:
271:
266:
265:
262:
251:
246:
245:
240:
235:
227:
225:
221:
217:
211:
210:
205:
202:
199:
197:
196:George Patton
193:
190:
189:
184:
180:
168:
166:
154:
153:United States
143:
142:
137:
129:
126:
125:
120:
81:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
19:
5887:
5761:Other places
5572:(UK, Canada)
5485:
5484:
5394:World War II
5339:Bibliography
5322:
5135:Project Hula
5100:Vistula–Oder
5069:
5002:
4993:
4977:
4947:
4896:
4880:
4871:
4862:
4828:
4725:
4640:
4616:
4579:
4330:
4223:
4168:North Africa
3870:Soviet Union
3824:Soviet Union
3750:Soviet Union
3518:Vatican City
3421:Vichy France
3326:German Reich
3223:Soviet Union
3209:South Africa
3202:Sierra Leone
3155:Newfoundland
2974:Participants
2957:Marocchinate
2661:
2652:
2622:
2500:North Africa
2461:Indian Ocean
2320:Nazi plunder
2211:Cryptography
2084:World War II
2037:
2019:
2003:
1985:
1970:
1956:
1942:
1928:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1886:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1838:
1811:
1802:
1781:
1772:
1745:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1715:
1709:
1700:
1695:
1674:
1665:
1634:
1613:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1531:
1522:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:the original
1432:
1428:
1420:Panzergruppe
1419:
1412:
1403:20 July Plot
1396:
1392:
1387:Panzergruppe
1386:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1334:
1320:
1315:
1305:
1289:
1266:
1241:Leland Hobbs
1234:
1227:
1222:Kampfgruppen
1220:
1197:Paul Hausser
1194:
1186:
1164:
1160:Army Group B
1156:Erwin Rommel
1152:
1144:
1142:
1102:
1069:
1037:Omar Bradley
1031:
1018:
1004:
999:
992:
962:
946:
945:
926:
925:
918:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
843:
839:Audierne Bay
812:
811:
765:
758:
757:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
715:
704:
697:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
621:
605:
553:
552:
517:
516:
490:
484:
459:
458:
425:
424:
418:
399:
390:
389:
373:
367:Postage Able
366:
337:
330:
323:
316:
305:
234:battlegroups
192:Omar Bradley
139:Belligerents
40:Part of the
5819:Dieppe Raid
5752:Mont Canisy
5070:Bodenplatte
4956:Gothic Line
4175:West Africa
3722:Philippines
3701:Netherlands
3566:Czech lands
3504:Switzerland
3448:Afghanistan
3392:Philippines
3260:Puerto Rico
3176:Philippines
3162:New Zealand
3148:Netherlands
3101:Free France
2852:Prosecution
2653:Osoaviakhim
2523:West Africa
2507:East Africa
2154:Conferences
1843:Napier 2015
1228:Panzer Lehr
1179:Seine River
1167:U-boat pens
1053:Pontaubault
997:, with two
951:Nazi German
887:Houndsworth
807:La Rochelle
106: /
5894:Categories
5829:Rhino tank
5717:Amfreville
5401:Operations
5170:West Hunan
5003:Pointblank
4332:Silver Fox
4318:Summer War
4071:Winter War
4050:Phoney War
3831:Azerbaijan
3792:Yugoslavia
3687:Luxembourg
3529:Resistance
3269:Yugoslavia
3134:Luxembourg
2936:Sook Ching
2732:War crimes
2334:Technology
2327:Opposition
2269:Lend-Lease
2246:Australian
2239:Home front
2197:Blitzkrieg
2147:Casualties
2138:Commanders
2110:Operations
2029:0894071238
1879:References
1854:Fey, p.150
1806:Fey, p.147
1678:Fey, p.146
1586:Fey, p.145
1485:2008-08-13
1028:Background
933:Cemeteries
787:Saint-Malo
356:Pointblank
214:3 Armored
112: (
90:48°38′55″N
5673:Logistics
5588:Cherbourg
5535:Tractable
5461:Fortitude
5437:Charnwood
5235:Manchuria
5121:Indochina
4897:Bagration
4341:Lithuania
3986:Anschluss
3783:Viet Minh
3680:Lithuania
3622:Hong Kong
3385:Manchukuo
3340:Azad Hind
2999:Australia
2799:Aftermath
2662:Paperclip
2557:Aftermath
2357:Total war
2225:Diplomacy
2188:In Europe
1748:. Arrow.
1453:Footnotes
1409:Aftermath
1316:Luftwaffe
1269:von Funck
1188:Luftwaffe
1049:Avranches
1006:Waffen-SS
976:Avranches
927:Aftermath
880:Bulbasket
829:Cherbourg
766:Tractable
679:Charnwood
594:Cherbourg
518:Logistics
324:Fortitude
317:Bodyguard
93:0°56′23″W
5841:(France)
5797:See also
5773:Hill 262
5747:Merville
5732:Houlgate
5727:Crisbecq
5722:Azeville
5659:(Canada)
5602:(Canada)
5582:Chambois
5576:Carentan
5564:Bréville
5543:(Canada)
5529:Totalize
5513:(Canada)
5489:(German)
5467:Goodwood
5431:Bluecoat
5427:(Canada)
5425:Atlantic
5408:Overlord
5346:Category
5295:document
5205:document
5062:Ardennes
5046:Budapest
4994:Crossbow
4872:Overlord
4711:Smolensk
3922:Timeline
3757:Slovakia
3743:Thailand
3594:Ethiopia
3559:Bulgaria
3483:Portugal
3414:Thailand
3296:Bulgaria
3074:Eswatini
3067:Ethiopia
3020:Bulgaria
2845:Unit 731
2806:Response
2623:Keelhaul
2573:Cold War
2546:Americas
2537:timeline
2530:Atlantic
2410:Theaters
1764:22766485
1439:Chambois
1416:Argentan
1230:Division
1093:, under
1074:, under
1057:Brittany
1045:Saint-Lô
988:Brittany
901:Jedburgh
824:La Caine
777:Chambois
772:Hill 262
751:Hill 140
745:Totalize
738:Bluecoat
717:Breakout
705:Goodwood
698:Atlantic
692:2nd Odon
616:Bréville
582:Carentan
577:Saint-Lô
567:Graignes
541:Mulberry
524:American
374:Tarbrush
331:Zeppelin
207:Strength
82:, France
80:Normandy
71:Location
5551:Battles
5541:Windsor
5517:Titanic
5499:Martlet
5493:Mallard
5486:Lüttich
5479:Jupiter
5414:Neptune
5272:Shumshu
5039:Hungary
4986:Estonia
4970:Lapland
4948:Dragoon
4881:Neptune
4863:Ichi-Go
4829:Tempest
4771:Changde
4726:Cottage
4618:Jubilee
4327:Finland
4225:Compass
3931:Prelude
3884:Finland
3770:Vietnam
3736:Romania
3608:Germany
3587:Estonia
3573:Denmark
3552:Belgium
3545:Austria
3538:Albania
3469:Ireland
3455:Andorra
3439:Neutral
3399:Romania
3333:Hungary
3318:Finland
3190:Romania
3082:Finland
3060:Denmark
3006:Belgium
2992:Algeria
2698:Romania
2684:Hungary
2440:Pacific
2164:General
2118:Leaders
2103:Battles
2096:Outline
1401:in the
1398:Gestapo
1321:Panzers
1129:Le Mans
1117:Lorient
970:during
963:Lüttich
959:Mortain
915:Wallace
908:Dragoon
866:Titanic
859:Samwest
852:Dingson
782:Falaise
759:Lüttich
686:Jupiter
672:Windsor
658:Martlet
652:Douvres
587:Hill 30
536:British
449:Detroit
444:Chicago
419:Mallard
338:Titanic
306:Prelude
179:Germany
114:Mortain
76:Mortain
5511:Spring
5249:Debate
5221:Taipei
5214:Borneo
4792:Tarawa
3979:Europe
3940:Africa
3729:Poland
3715:Norway
3694:Malaya
3673:Latvia
3615:Greece
3601:France
3497:Sweden
3462:Bhutan
3183:Poland
3169:Norway
3141:Mexico
3108:Greece
3094:France
3032:Canada
3013:Brazil
2983:Allies
2929:Serbia
2918:Poland
2691:Poland
2677:Baltic
2470:Europe
2172:Topics
2124:Allied
2044:
2026:
2010:
1992:
1977:
1963:
1949:
1935:
1921:
1893:
1762:
1752:
1393:Panzer
1211:, the
1059:. The
917:&
894:Loyton
873:Cooney
819:Ushant
731:Spring
491:Gambit
454:Elmira
439:Boston
434:Albany
385:Fabius
176:
162:
150:
127:Result
5809:D-Day
5742:Maisy
5695:Pluto
5663:Sword
5639:(US)
5637:Omaha
5558:Brest
5523:Tonga
5505:Perch
5455:Epsom
5443:Cobra
5025:Leyte
4855:Narva
4841:Anzio
4799:Makin
4757:Burma
4641:Torch
4610:Rzhev
4564:Kiska
3650:Korea
3636:Japan
3629:Italy
3511:Tibet
3490:Spain
3361:Italy
3122:Italy
3115:India
3039:China
2914:Japan
2514:Italy
2426:China
2378:Women
1245:Ultra
1113:Brest
919:Hardy
802:Paris
792:Brest
724:Cobra
665:Epsom
622:Perch
599:Naval
546:Pluto
497:Sword
470:Omaha
400:Tonga
380:Tiger
5665:(UK)
5657:Juno
5653:(UK)
5651:Gold
5645:(US)
5633:(US)
5631:Utah
5608:(UK)
5596:(UK)
5590:(US)
5578:(US)
5570:Caen
5566:(UK)
5560:(US)
5519:(UK)
5507:(UK)
5501:(UK)
5495:(UK)
5481:(UK)
5475:(UK)
5469:(UK)
5457:(UK)
5451:(UK)
5445:(US)
5433:(UK)
5091:1945
4819:1944
4660:1943
4581:Blue
4571:Attu
4478:1942
4237:1941
4089:1940
4027:1939
3956:Asia
3803:POWs
3643:Jews
3354:Iraq
3280:Axis
3230:Tuva
3046:Cuba
2131:Axis
2042:ISBN
2024:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1961:ISBN
1947:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1760:OCLC
1750:ISBN
1389:West
1354:Vire
1183:Caen
1115:and
1087:Vire
1000:Heer
611:Caen
507:Gold
502:Juno
475:Utah
63:Date
1249:RAF
1175:OKW
1123:'s
1107:'s
5896::
5392:,
4839:/
1820:^
1790:^
1758:.
1683:^
1643:^
1622:^
1591:^
1552:^
1540:^
1510:^
1494:^
1460:^
1426:.
1251:.
1207:,
1089:,
1024:.
990:.
78:,
5624:)
5622:E
5620:→
5618:W
5381:e
5374:t
5367:v
4335:)
4329:(
3196:)
3192:(
3128:)
3124:(
3088:)
3084:(
3026:)
3022:(
2076:e
2069:t
2062:v
2048:.
2032:.
2014:.
1998:.
1766:.
1718:.
1488:.
283:e
276:t
269:v
116:)
20:)
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