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midafternoon the lieutenant "led his men into the thicket single file without dismounting them. The first fire from the enemy emptied four saddles, when the enemy retired farther into the dense thicket and had time to reload. ... Barrett followed them, calling on his men to follow him." Three of the
Confederates surrendered. Barrett secured one of the prisoners and had just remounted his horse when a bullet struck him in the neck, killing him. Fierce and confused fighting continued among the mesquite and arroyos for 90 minutes, with two more Union fatalities and three troopers wounded. Exhausted and leaderless, the Californians broke off the fight and the
229:
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793:
781:
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805:
596:, was declared the territorial capital and seat of the eastern district of the territory. The property of Tucson Unionists was confiscated, and they were jailed or driven out of town. Confederates hoped a flood of sympathizers in southern California would join them and give the Confederacy an outlet on the Pacific Ocean, but this never happened. California Unionists were eager to prevent this, and 2,000 Union volunteers from California, known as the
817:
85:
696:. However, Lieutenant Barrett's grave, reportedly buried near the present railroad tracks, remains undisturbed and unmarked as the site was lost. Union reports claimed that two Confederates were wounded in the fight, but Captain Hunter in his official report listed no Confederate casualties other than the three men captured.
661:
Henry Holmes. Barrett was under orders not to engage them, but to wait for the main column to come up. However, "Lt. Barrett acting alone rather than in concert, surprised the Rebels and should have captured them without firing a shot, if the thing had been conducted properly." Instead, in the
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hosts a re-enactment of the Civil War battles of
Arizona and New Mexico, including the battle of Picacho Pass. The re-enactments now have grown so large that many more participants tend to be involved than took part in the actual engagements and include infantry units and artillery as well as
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666:, minus three who surrendered, mounted and carried warning of the approaching Union army to Tucson. Barrett's disobedience of orders had cost him his life and lost any chance of a Union surprise attack on Tucson.
1102:
388:
883:
Bradley, Christopher M. (Summer 2021). Turpie, David C. (ed.). "Not Set in Stone: Civil War
Memorialization at Picacho Pass and the Emergence of a Confederate Fantasy Heritage in Arizona".
657:
James
Barrett of the 1st California Cavalry, were conducting a sweep of the Picacho Peak area, looking for Confederates reported to be nearby. The Arizona Confederates were commanded by
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720:. By July the Confederates had retreated to Texas, though pro-Confederate militia units operated in some areas until mid-1863. The following year, the Union organized its own
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After a
Confederate force of about 120 cavalrymen arrived at Tucson from Texas on February 28, 1862, they proclaimed Tucson the capital of the western district of the
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116:
712:. The Confederates had been burning hay stored at the stage stations in order to delay the Union advance from California. About the same time as the skirmish at
291:
1127:
728:. Although the encounter at Picacho Pass was a minor engagement in the Civil War, it could be considered the high-water mark of the Confederate West.
688:
The bodies of the two Union enlisted men killed at
Picacho (George Johnson and William S Leonard) were later removed to the National Cemetery at the
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998:
1065:"militaryhistoryonline.com - Barret is apparently buried where he was killed; a 1928 monument lists the names of the three union men killed"
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630:, which opened in 1859 and ceased operations when the war began. This skirmish occurred about a mile northwest of Picacho Pass Station.
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cavalry. The 2015 re-enactment, which was held March 22 and 23, also included re-enactments of the
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708:, where it was burning the hay stored there when it was attacked by a patrol from the
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was 40 miles further west and 80 miles from the
California border in the direction of
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753:. The skirmish site and the remains of the Butterfield station are listed on the
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Before this engagement a
Confederate cavalry patrol had advanced as far west as
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845:
The Civil War in
Arizona; the Story of the California Volunteers, 1861–65
669:
The Union troops retreated to the Pima Indian
Villages and hastily built
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868:
834:"The Battle of Picacho Pass: Visiting the Battlefield and Historic Site"
588:, which comprised what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico.
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833:
639:
601:
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256:
250:
1051:"Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 to 1867"
276:
1113:
Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
681:
and his men withdrew as soon as the column again advanced. The
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280:
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National Register of Historic Places in Pinal County, Arizona
626:) Picacho Pass occurred near relay stations along the former
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but in reality Tucson resident John W. Jones), commanded by
1049:
Office, California Adjutant General's (December 13, 1890).
1103:
Battles of the California Column of the American Civil War
614:
Like most of the Civil War era engagements in Arizona (
568:
involving fatalities (though a skirmish known as the
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from Tucson, and marks the westernmost battle of the
963:"Remembering the Day the Civil War Came to Arizona"
757:. Re-Enactment discontinued until further notice.
749:, both of which took place in relatively nearby
1108:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
853:"Sherod Hunter and the Confederates in Arizona"
64:
990:The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction
847:; University of Oklahoma Press (Norman, 2006).
534:on April 15, 1862. The action occurred around
822:2007 re-enactment of the Picacho Pass battle.
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292:
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1123:Battles of the American Civil War in Arizona
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382:
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153:Confederates driven back into Texas by May
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1081:, Saturday March 14, 2015, page D! and D2
1053:. State office – via Google Books.
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235:
1030:. The California State Military Museum
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902:
628:Butterfield Overland Stagecoach route
538:, 50 miles (80 km) northwest of
7:
987:Richter, William L. (24 July 2009).
755:National Register of Historic Places
673:(named for the fallen officer) at
25:
1128:History of Pinal County, Arizona
993:. Scarecrow Press. p. 423.
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803:
791:
779:
767:
271:3 captured, 2 wounded (disputed)
227:
210:
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27:Battle of the American Civil War
961:Walters, John (15 April 2015).
1098:1862 in the American Civil War
857:The Journal of Arizona History
1:
840:. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
586:Confederate Arizona Territory
1028:California and the Civil War
1024:"The Civil War in the West"
798:Battle of Picacho Monument.
786:Picacho Battlefield Marker.
683:Union troops entered Tucson
530:, was an engagement of the
1154:
889:Arizona Historical Society
810:Side view of the monument.
546:. It was fought between a
117:New Mexico Territory (USA)
1118:Butterfield Overland Mail
774:Battle of Picacho Marker.
694:San Francisco, California
690:Presidio of San Francisco
570:Battle of Stanwix Station
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72:Trans-Mississippi Theater
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685:without any opposition.
747:Battle of Glorieta Pass
738:Picacho Peak State Park
718:Battle of Glorieta Pass
121:Arizona Territory (CSA)
1079:Skirmish in the Desert
1077:The Arizona Republic,
912:Cite journal requires
528:Battle of Picacho Peak
524:Battle of Picacho Pass
193:Commanders and leaders
65:Battle of Picacho Pass
48:32.63111°N 111.41556°W
18:Battle of Picacho Peak
838:The War Times Journal
263:Casualties and losses
150:Union cavalry retreat
131:Pinal County, Arizona
851:Finch, Boyd (1969).
722:territory of Arizona
605:James Henry Carleton
526:, also known as the
426:San Augustine Spring
53:32.63111; -111.41556
937:New Mexico Campaign
843:Masich, Andrew E.,
496:2nd Dragoon Springs
491:1st Dragoon Springs
408:Confederate Arizona
268:3 killed, 3 wounded
233:Henry Holmes (
216:James Barrett
144:Confederate victory
44: /
743:Battle of Valverde
566:American Civil War
532:American Civil War
446:Gallinas Mountains
187:Confederate States
77:American Civil War
1138:April 1862 events
1022:Hart, Herbert M.
1000:978-0-8108-6336-1
887:(2). Tucson, AZ:
710:California Column
642:troopers and one
598:California Column
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441:Florida Mountains
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1032:. Retrieved
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905:cite journal
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872:. Retrieved
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735:
732:Re-enactment
714:Picacho Peak
703:
687:
675:White's Mill
671:Fort Barrett
668:
648:mountain man
637:
613:
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553:patrol from
536:Picacho Peak
527:
523:
521:
481:Picacho Pass
480:
328:Picacho Pass
327:
219:
164:Belligerents
126:Picacho Peak
124:Modern Day:
113:Picacho Peak
90:Picacho Peak
89:
70:Part of the
29:
1034:20 December
1006:13 February
972:13 February
932:Apache Wars
891:: 141–171.
624:Apache Pass
600:and led by
559:Confederate
506:Apache Pass
501:2nd Mesilla
456:Pinos Altos
421:1st Mesilla
348:Pecos River
338:Apache Pass
51: /
39:111°24′56″W
1092:Categories
948:References
751:New Mexico
655:Lieutenant
594:Las Cruces
580:Background
555:California
466:Fort Thorn
353:Mount Gray
36:32°37′52″N
897:0021-9053
700:Aftermath
609:Fort Yuma
574:Fort Yuma
967:Newsweek
926:See also
869:41695524
745:and the
726:Prescott
659:Sergeant
471:Valverde
244:Strength
108:Location
761:Gallery
640:cavalry
602:Colonel
592:, near
590:Mesilla
562:pickets
551:cavalry
544:Arizona
451:Placito
257:cavalry
251:cavalry
220:†
997:
895:
874:May 2,
867:
634:Battle
540:Tucson
511:La Paz
486:Tucson
343:La Paz
333:Tucson
138:Result
74:of the
865:JSTOR
644:scout
548:Union
431:Tubac
1036:2011
1008:2022
995:ISBN
974:2022
918:help
893:ISSN
876:2021
622:and
522:The
100:Date
692:in
576:).
255:10
249:13
236:POW
1094::
1026:.
965:.
909::
907:}}
903:{{
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920:)
916:(
899:.
878:.
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128:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
