25:
90:
540:
400:
Part of their service after occupying West Texas would be as garrisons to prevent the return of the
Confederates into the Union reorganized Territories of New Mexico and Arizona. Their main activity was as garrisons of the settlements and forts in New Mexico Territory, and in fighting against the
293:(also known as the Sibley Brigade), which had entered New Mexico from Texas in December 1861, they traveled in small groups at intervals of a few days so men and horses would not exhaust the springs and wells along the way. They followed the established route of the
321:
and supplies of food and fodder being gathered there and at other stage stations along the Column's route between Fort Yuma and Tucson. This slowed
Carleton's progress. Most of Carleton's attempts to send messages to General
352:
It was not until late June that a scout named John W. Jones was able to outrun pursuing
Apaches and get a message to Canby: "The Column from California is really coming." On the march to the Rio Grande, 140 men of Company E,
1648:
274:. In 1861 a relatively small Confederate Army force from Texas pushed out small Union forces from several forts in the Territory. The Confederates also enlisted citizens of their Confederate
1673:
118:
54:
758:
1668:
1663:
1054:
1034:
773:
567:
297:, which had ceased operation the year before. The mail posts were filled with food and grain which Union forces had stockpiled there before the hostilities.
1064:
281:
The soldiers of the
California Column, both infantry and cavalry, often traveled by foot wearing woolen uniforms in the desert heat. They started out from
111:
1678:
1658:
889:
247:
1069:
1049:
949:
239:
235:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
700:
695:
687:
1104:
1074:
1029:
1024:
478:
1297:
1272:
1059:
1039:
1019:
969:
899:
894:
879:
1517:
1129:
1089:
989:
964:
919:
914:
806:
327:
104:
242:
and Light
Battery A of the Third U.S. Artillery. This command contained 1500 well drilled and disciplined men. Later on, Lieutenant Colonel
1242:
1134:
1119:
859:
1592:
1462:
1372:
1277:
1262:
1154:
1124:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1079:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
974:
954:
944:
904:
884:
869:
864:
675:
1482:
1457:
1282:
979:
959:
934:
909:
874:
788:
354:
326:, the Union's departmental commander of New Mexico, were intercepted, and one patrol sent to meet White was captured by Confederates at
1622:
1582:
1447:
1407:
1397:
1382:
1227:
1202:
1144:
1139:
994:
984:
939:
929:
924:
841:
811:
1572:
1547:
1502:
1497:
1427:
1287:
1192:
1187:
665:
628:
623:
611:
606:
601:
588:
451:
76:
1562:
1537:
1522:
1487:
1442:
1432:
1392:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1312:
1307:
1292:
1217:
1212:
816:
783:
660:
596:
560:
1612:
1577:
1557:
1532:
1507:
1417:
1412:
1357:
1337:
1317:
1267:
1222:
1172:
1627:
1617:
1597:
1512:
1452:
1437:
1402:
1387:
1377:
1342:
1327:
1302:
1257:
1247:
1232:
1207:
1197:
851:
768:
763:
745:
345:
near the end of March 1862. The second clash came in mid-April when the column marched on Tucson from Casa Blanca, at the
1607:
1602:
1567:
1542:
1527:
1492:
1472:
1422:
1367:
1332:
1322:
1252:
1237:
1182:
798:
1653:
1587:
1552:
1467:
821:
441:
37:
1477:
553:
177:
47:
41:
33:
306:
530:
Masich, Andrew E., "Civil War in the
Southwest Borderlands, 1861-1867" University of Oklahoma Press (Norman, 2017)
338:
294:
638:
58:
1177:
1044:
152:
337:
During their advance the
California Column engaged the Confederates in two small skirmishes. The first was a
753:
267:
231:
182:
385:. Upon crossing they found the Confederates had already retreated into Texas. Carlton followed them into
1162:
655:
346:
147:
475:
778:
705:
576:
366:
167:
157:
1167:
670:
318:
271:
259:
211:
172:
650:
616:
382:
314:
275:
290:
203:
447:
263:
633:
482:
342:
243:
162:
142:
428:
390:
349:. Their subsequent rapid approach to Tucson nearly trapped the Confederate rearguard.
286:
1642:
402:
310:
381:, their crossing was delayed a week by the huge spring flood that year, part of the
394:
323:
492:, Western Military Series II, Glendale, California: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1958.
645:
331:
511:
386:
378:
215:
207:
199:
282:
443:
The Civil War in
Arizona: the story of the California Volunteers, 1861-1865
89:
497:
The Civil War in
Arizona: The Story of the California Volunteers, 1861-65
545:
362:
358:
230:
The "California Column" originally consisted of ten companies of the
504:
Records of
California Men in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 to 1867,
96:
250:
was added, bringing the total strength of the Column to 2350 men.
219:
549:
100:
18:
357:, and Company B, 2nd California Cavalry, fought the famous
206:. The command marched over 900 miles (1,400 km) from
490:
James Henry Carleton, 1814–1873, Western Frontier Dragoon
341:
with Confederates attempting to burn forage gathered at
1649:
Units and formations of the Union Army from California
429:
The California Military Museum; The California Column
258:
The objective of California Column commander Colonel
202:
volunteers sent to Arizona and New Mexico during the
424:
422:
420:
418:
405:
until they were relieved by the U. S. Army in 1866.
1153:
850:
834:
797:
744:
686:
587:
377:When elements of the California Column reached the
16:
Force of Union volunteers in the American Civil War
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1674:Pacific Coast Theater of the American Civil War
541:JC Hall reminiscences of California Column 1887
499:, University of Oklahoma Press (Norman, 2006).
561:
389:, capturing the town of Franklin (modern-day
112:
8:
266:while the column was en route) was to drive
584:
568:
554:
546:
119:
105:
97:
373:California Column in New Mexico Territory
240:2nd Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry
236:1st Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
88:
414:
305:Arizona Confederate volunteers, of the
518:. The California State Military Museum
7:
1669:California in the American Civil War
1664:New Mexico in the American Civil War
317:, destroyed White's flour mill at
14:
1679:1861 establishments in California
1659:Arizona in the American Civil War
617:Genocide of indigenous population
313:, arrested the Union Army agent,
222:, between April and August 1862.
661:Interim government of California
446:. University of Oklahoma Press.
23:
502:Orton, Richards H. Brig.-Gen.,
1:
440:Andrew Edward Masich (2006).
516:California and the Civil War
289:. Much like the Confederate
234:, all five companies of the
218:and as far east as El Paso,
512:"The Civil War in the West"
1695:
506:State of California, 1890.
393:) and advancing as far as
307:Company A, Arizona Rangers
270:troops out of the Federal
583:
295:Butterfield Overland Mail
138:
365:and Mangas Coloradas at
32:This article includes a
577:History of California
355:1st California Infantry
248:5th California Infantry
232:1st California Infantry
61:more precise citations.
656:Conquest of California
94:
817:Santa Catalina Island
789:Territorial evolution
476:The California Column
92:
639:Mexican–American War
624:Spanish colonization
276:Territory of Arizona
272:New Mexico Territory
260:James Henry Carleton
212:New Mexico Territory
210:through Arizona and
1654:Union Army brigades
842:San Fernando Valley
812:San Fernando Valley
651:California Republic
495:Masich, Andrew E.,
383:Great Flood of 1862
93:Route of the Column
666:United States rule
612:Later explorations
607:First explorations
597:Native Californian
481:2016-03-05 at the
334:Indian villages.
291:Army of New Mexico
278:in small units.
204:American Civil War
95:
34:list of references
1636:
1635:
830:
829:
711:Industrial growth
510:Hart, Herbert M.
264:brigadier general
196:California Column
191:
190:
130:California Column
87:
86:
79:
1686:
1298:Rancho Cucamonga
1273:Huntington Beach
726:Legal revolution
634:California Trail
585:
570:
563:
556:
547:
527:
525:
523:
468:
465:
459:
457:
437:
431:
426:
309:, under Captain
133:
131:
121:
114:
107:
98:
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1518:San Luis Obispo
1149:
1055:San Luis Obispo
846:
826:
793:
740:
716:Postwar culture
682:
579:
574:
537:
521:
519:
509:
483:Wayback Machine
472:
471:
466:
462:
454:
439:
438:
434:
427:
416:
411:
375:
343:Stanwix Station
303:
301:Arizona battles
256:
244:George W. Bowie
228:
198:was a force of
192:
187:
178:Doubtful Canyon
143:Stanwix Station
134:
129:
127:
125:
83:
72:
66:
63:
52:
38:related reading
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:San Bernardino
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1035:San Bernardino
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
854:
848:
847:
845:
844:
838:
836:
832:
831:
828:
827:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
803:
801:
795:
794:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
748:
742:
741:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
692:
690:
684:
683:
681:
680:
679:
678:
673:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
642:
641:
636:
626:
621:
620:
619:
614:
609:
604:
593:
591:
581:
580:
575:
573:
572:
565:
558:
550:
544:
543:
536:
535:External links
533:
532:
531:
528:
507:
500:
493:
488:Hunt, Aurora,
486:
470:
469:
460:
452:
432:
413:
412:
410:
407:
374:
371:
324:E. R. S. Canby
302:
299:
287:Colorado River
255:
252:
227:
224:
189:
188:
186:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
139:
136:
135:
126:
124:
123:
116:
109:
101:
85:
84:
42:external links
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1691:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:Crescent City
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Santa Barbara
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:Thousand Oaks
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:Santa Clarita
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Moreno Valley
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:San Francisco
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:Santa Barbara
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1045:San Francisco
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
853:
849:
843:
840:
839:
837:
833:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
800:
796:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
749:
747:
743:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
691:
689:
685:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
630:
627:
625:
622:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
598:
595:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
571:
566:
564:
559:
557:
552:
551:
548:
542:
539:
538:
534:
529:
517:
513:
508:
505:
501:
498:
494:
491:
487:
484:
480:
477:
474:
473:
464:
461:
455:
453:0-8061-3747-9
449:
445:
444:
436:
433:
430:
425:
423:
421:
419:
415:
408:
406:
404:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
350:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
320:
316:
312:
311:Sherod Hunter
308:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:(promoted to
261:
253:
251:
249:
245:
241:
238:, Company B,
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
184:
183:Fort Buchanan
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
137:
132:
122:
117:
115:
110:
108:
103:
102:
99:
91:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
39:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1483:Redwood City
1458:Santa Monica
1283:Garden Grove
890:Contra Costa
629:Mexican rule
520:. Retrieved
515:
503:
496:
489:
463:
442:
435:
401:Apaches and
399:
395:Fort Quitman
376:
351:
347:Picacho Pass
336:
328:White's Mill
304:
280:
257:
229:
195:
193:
148:Picacho Pass
128:
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
1623:Nevada City
1583:Placerville
1448:Santa Maria
1408:Victorville
1398:Santa Clara
1383:Simi Valley
1228:Chula Vista
1203:Bakersfield
1163:Los Angeles
1070:Santa Clara
1050:San Joaquin
950:Los Angeles
736:Present day
721:Development
701:Engineering
646:Californios
589:Before 1900
522:20 December
458:pages 38–39
367:Apache Pass
319:Casa Blanca
268:Confederate
168:Pecos River
158:Apache Pass
59:introducing
1643:Categories
1573:Marysville
1548:Susanville
1503:San Rafael
1498:Santa Cruz
1428:Costa Mesa
1288:Santa Rosa
1193:Long Beach
1188:Sacramento
1105:Stanislaus
1075:Santa Cruz
1030:San Benito
1025:Sacramento
706:Water wars
688:Since 1900
602:Precontact
409:References
387:West Texas
379:Rio Grande
315:Ammi White
285:along the
254:Expedition
216:Rio Grande
208:California
173:Mount Gray
67:April 2017
1563:Red Bluff
1538:Hollister
1523:El Centro
1488:Yuba City
1443:Fairfield
1433:Inglewood
1393:Roseville
1363:Fullerton
1353:Sunnyvale
1348:Escondido
1313:Elk Grove
1308:Lancaster
1293:Oceanside
1218:Riverside
1213:Santa Ana
1168:San Diego
1060:San Mateo
1040:San Diego
1020:Riverside
970:Mendocino
900:El Dorado
895:Del Norte
880:Calaveras
852:By county
799:By region
774:Railroads
754:Etymology
731:Tech boom
676:Civil War
671:Gold Rush
369:in July.
283:Fort Yuma
226:Formation
1613:Lakeport
1578:Piedmont
1558:Oroville
1533:Martinez
1508:Woodland
1418:Berkeley
1413:El Monte
1358:Pasadena
1338:Torrance
1318:Palmdale
1268:Glendale
1223:Stockton
1173:San Jose
1130:Tuolumne
1090:Siskiyou
990:Monterey
965:Mariposa
920:Imperial
915:Humboldt
822:Yosemite
807:Bay Area
769:Missions
764:Maritime
759:Highways
746:By topic
479:Archived
361:leaders
339:skirmish
1628:Alturas
1618:Jackson
1598:Willows
1513:Hanford
1453:Redding
1438:Ventura
1403:Vallejo
1388:Concord
1378:Visalia
1343:Hayward
1328:Salinas
1303:Ontario
1258:Fontana
1248:Modesto
1233:Fremont
1208:Anaheim
1198:Oakland
1155:By city
1135:Ventura
1120:Trinity
860:Alameda
835:Regions
784:Slavery
779:Ranchos
391:El Paso
363:Cochise
330:at the
214:to the
55:improve
1608:Sonora
1603:Colusa
1568:Auburn
1543:Eureka
1528:Lompoc
1493:Madera
1473:Merced
1423:Downey
1368:Orange
1333:Pomona
1323:Corona
1253:Oxnard
1238:Irvine
1183:Fresno
1125:Tulare
1115:Tehama
1110:Sutter
1100:Sonoma
1095:Solano
1085:Sierra
1080:Shasta
1015:Plumas
1010:Placer
1005:Orange
1000:Nevada
975:Merced
955:Madera
945:Lassen
905:Fresno
885:Colusa
870:Amador
865:Alpine
450:
403:Navajo
359:Apache
163:La Paz
153:Tucson
1588:Yreka
1553:Ukiah
1468:Chico
980:Modoc
960:Marin
935:Kings
910:Glenn
875:Butte
696:Labor
467:Civil
220:Texas
200:Union
40:, or
1478:Napa
1145:Yuba
1140:Yolo
995:Napa
985:Mono
940:Lake
930:Kern
925:Inyo
524:2011
448:ISBN
332:Pima
194:The
246:'s
1645::
514:.
417:^
397:.
44:,
36:,
569:e
562:t
555:v
526:.
485:.
456:.
120:e
113:t
106:v
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
