460:
vobiscum congredientes procul dubio videbitis“. Gero denique, olim licet multis gestis insigniis clarus haberetur, iam tamen magnus ac celebris ubique predicabatur, eo quod
Sclavos qui dicuntur Uchri cum magna gloria cepisset. Gero reversus in castra retulit quae audierat. Imperator vero de nocte consurgens iubet sagittis et aliis machinis ad pugnam provocare, et quasi vi flumen paludemque transcendere velle. Sclavi autem hesterna comminatione nichil aliud arbitrati ad pugnam pariter conspiravere, iter totis viribus defendentes. At Gero cum amicis Ruanis miliario ferme uno a castris descendens hoste ignorante tres pontes celeriter construxit et misso nuntio ad imperatorem totum exercitum revocavit. Quo viso barbari et ipsi obviare legionibus contendunt. Pedites barbarorum dum longiorem viam currunt et certamen ineunt, fatigatione dissoluti militibus citius cedunt; nec mora, dum fugae presidium quaerunt, obtruncantur.
447:
suos. Aderat et legatio barbarorum tributa socios ex more velle persolvere nuntians, caeterum dominationem regionis velle tenere; hoc pacto pacem velle, alioquin pro libertate armis certare. Imperator ad haec respondit: pacem quidem eis nequaquam negare, sed omnimodis dare non posse, nisi iniuriam perpetratam digno honore ac emendatione purgarent. Omniaque vastando et incendendo per illas regiones duxit exercitum, donec tandem castris positis super Raxam fluvium ad transmeandum paludibus
456:
super paludem et flumen, cui palus adiacens erat, barbarum salutabat. Cui
Sclavus aequalia respondit. Ad quem preses: 'Satis tibi esset, si bellum gereres contra unum nostrum de servis domini mei, et non etiam contra dominum meum regem. Quis tibi exercitus, quae arma, ut talia presumas? Si aliqua vobis virtus adsit, si artes, si audatia, date nobis locum ad vos transeundi, sive nos vobis huc veniendi, et aequato loco fortitudo appareat pugnatoris'.
137:
40:
469:
mortales interfecti vel capti, caedesque in multam noctem protrahebatur. Postera luce caput subreguli in campo positum, circaque illud septingenti captivorum capite caesi, eiusque consiliarius oculis erutis lingua est privatus in medioque cadaverum inutilis relictus. Wichmannus vero et
Ecberhtus scelerum conscii in Galliam profecti, ad Hugonem ducem fuga elapsi sunt.
674:
484:
449:
642:
542:
655:
519:
467:
488:
446:
Quod scelus imperator ulcisci gestiens, victoria iam de
Ungariis patrata, regiones barbarorum hostiliter intravit. Consultum de Saxonibus, qui cum Sclavis conspiraverant, iudicatum est Wichmannum et Ecberhtum pro hostibus publicis habere oportere, caeteris vero parcere, siquidem remeare voluissent ad
459:
Sclavus barbarico more frendens et multa convicia evomens irrisit
Geronem imperatoremque et omnem exercitum, sciens eum multis molestiis aggravatum. Gero ad haec commotus, ut erat animi ardentissimi: „Crastinus“, inquit, „dies declarabit, tu et populus tuus fortes viribus sitis an non. Cras enim nos
496:
Dum hec aguntur, ex parte
Sclavorum bellum ingruit horridum, hortatu Wigmanni comitis et Ecberthi, ducatu autem Nacconis et Stoinnegui fratris eius. Quos Heremannus dux superare diffidens, regis auxilium petivit. Hic ut erat impiger, milicia fortis aquilonales regiones invadit, malum, ut scriptura
485:
Dum haec aguntur, ex parte
Sclavorum bellum ingruit horridum, hortatu Vigmanni comitis et Ekberhti, ducatu autem Nacconis et Stoinnegui fratris eius. Quos Herimannus dux superare diffidens, regis petivit auxilium. Hic ut erat inpiger, milicia forti aquilonares invadit regiones, malum sepissime, ut
450:
difficillimum ab hostibus circumfunditur. A tergo namque <via> arborum robore obstruitur, eademque armatorum manu vallatur. Ex adverso fluvius fluvioque contigua palus et cum ingenti exercitu
Sclavus bellatores et ab opere et ab itinere prohibens. Vexatur autem et aliis incommodis exercitus,
379:. While both agree that he was decapitated, their accounts on how that happened differ: Widukind says that during the battle, Stoigniew was chased into a wood, defeated, disarmed and beheaded by a soldier named Hosed, who was handsomely rewarded after presenting Otto with Stoigniew's severed head.
256:
came to an assembly Otto held in Saxony and offered to pay annual tribute in return for being allowed self-government; "otherwise," they said, they would "fight for their liberty." Reuter argues that this is indicative of a change in German governing practice: a change from overlordship, which the
455:
Erant quippe in Gerone multae artes bonae, bellandi peritia, in rebus civilibus bona consilia, satis eloquentiae, multum scientiae, et qui prudentiam suam opere ostenderet quam ore; in adquirendo strennuitas, in dando largitas et, quod optimum erat, ad cultum divinum bonum studium. Igitur preses
468:
armisque nudatus capite caesus est. Satellitum alius vivus captus imperatorique cum capite et spoliis reguli ab eodem milite presentatus est. Ex hoc Hosed clarus et insignis habitus. Merces tam famosi gesti donativum imperiale cum reditu viginti mansuum. Eo die castra hostium invasa, et multi
372:– secretly moved to a distinct part of the river to build three bridges, while a feint assault by the remaining forces distracted Stoigniew's army. Stoigniew realized too late that Otto's forces were already crossing the river on another side, and the ensuing encounter was won by the latter.
458:
690:
442:
538:
516:
500:
263:
reveal that in the context of the Saxon-Obotrite conflict, the Slavs in present-day northeast
Germany started to build many forts – only few forts were built before. A second phase of extensive fort construction occurred in the 980s, in the context of the great uprising of 983.
495:
719:
Heike
Reimann, Fred Ruchhöft, Cornelia Willich: Rügen im Mittelalter. Eine interdisziplinäre Studie zur mittelalterlichen Besiedlung auf Rügen (Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des Östlichen Mitteleuropa vol. 36), Stuttgart
539:
Eodem anno Otto rex et filius eius Liutolf in festi vitate sancti Galli pugnaverunt cum Abatarenis, et Vulcis, et Zcirizspanis, et Tolonsenis, et victoriam in eis sumpsit, occiso duce illorum nomine Ztoignavo, et fecit illos
385:
claims the captured Stoigniew, whom he calls Stoinneg, was decapitated by Otto. After the battle, according to Widukind, Stoinegin's head was raised on a pole and seven hundred captured Slavs were executed before sundown.
464:
Stoinef autem colle eminenti cum equitibus eventum rei expectabat. Socios inire fugam cernens fugit et ipse, lucoque quodam cum duobus satellitibus repertus a viro militari, cuius vocabulum erat Hosed, certamine
706:
In: Joachim Henning (ed.): Europa im 10. Jahrhundert. Archäologie einer Aufbruchszeit. Internationale Tagung in Vorbereitung der Ausstellung "Otto der Große, Magdeburg und Europa," Mainz 2002, pp. 131–146.
451:
morbo pariter ac fame. Dum talia agerentur per plures dies, mittitur ad principem barbarorum, qui dicebatur Stoinef, Gero comes, quatinus imperatori se dedat: amicum per id adepturum, non hostem experturum.
489:
Stoingneum, luco absconditum fugientibusque sociis captum, decollari precepit, confratres autem, tanti sceleris auctores, Wigmannum, materterae regis filium, et Ekbertum fugavit.
579:
760:
501:
luco absconditum fugientibusque sociis captum, decollari precepit, confratres autem, tanti sceleris auctores, Wigman num, matertere regis filium, et Ecbertum fugavit.
393:
also report the violent death of Stoigniew, whom they name Ztoignav, but do not detail how he had died. They do however date the battle to the day of their patron,
293:
790:
245:
and sacked the Cocarescemians' settlement, killing the men of arms-bearing age and carrying off the women and children into slavery. According to
775:
589:
252:
Otto razed the Slav population centres and soon had encircled them; he offered to spare his enemies if they would surrender. A Slav
780:
288:
704:
Der slawische Siedlungsraum und die ottonische Expansion östlich der Elbe. Ereignisgeschichte – Archäologie – Dendrochronologie.
308:
Sources are vague about the site of the battle. Widukind of Corvey said the battlefield was the swampy valley of a river named
517:
Rex inde revertens in Sclavos hostem dirigit, ubi simili potitus victoria vasta illos caede prosternit; Wigmannus expellitur.
686:
670:
651:
638:
632:
390:
297:
249:, in the aftermath of Lechfeld, Otto pressed hard into Slav territory, where Wichmann and Egbert had sought refuge.
352:, who gave the only surviving detailed record of the battle, Otto I's campaign came to a halt at the bank of the
292:
lib. II.12. Short mentions of the battle are recorded in the respective paragraphs about the year 955 in the
785:
755:
733:
278:
214:
194:
174:
127:
661:
382:
376:
283:
230:
369:
234:
186:
100:
765:
680:
349:
341:
273:
253:
246:
96:
585:
182:
122:
345:
260:
546:
523:
242:
162:
27:
955 AD battle between the allied Kingdom of Germany and Rani tribe against the Obotrites
723:
329:
202:
136:
360:(Stoinef), had taken a defensive position on the opposite embankment. Otto's margrave
39:
749:
238:
170:
770:
213:
river. The German victory over the Slavs followed up on the August victory at the
17:
229:
While King Otto was distracted by his campaigns against the Magyars, his vassals
668:
Die Chronik des Bischofs Thietmar von Merseburg und ihre Korveier Ăśberarbeitung.
394:
337:
357:
198:
131:
105:
313:
206:
201:(Stoinef, Stoinneg, Stoinegin, Ztoignav) with their allied and tributary
190:
66:
218:
178:
710:
257:
Slavs were willing to accept, to lordship, which the Slavs protested.
205:
neighbours on the other. The Raxa river is identified with either the
109:
648:
Reginonis abbatis Prumiensis Chronicon cum continuatione Treverensi,
375:
The fate of Stoigniew is described by both Widukind of Corvey and
361:
317:
210:
70:
740:. 2 vol. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1928.
356:
river, where the Obotrites and their allies, led by
581:
Betwixt and Between: Place and Cultural Translation
169:) was fought on 16 October 955 over control of the
711:"Henry I and the Beginnings of the Saxon Empire."
332:, Otto I's army of the day was drawn from every
32:
578:Kelly, Stephen; Johnston, David (2009-10-02).
497:dicit, sepissime pandentes; ibique Stoinneguum
8:
635:editit I. ab Arx. Pars altera a. 919 – 1056,
368:– most probably the earliest mention of the
282:lib. III c. LIII-LV and, in less detail, in
417:
415:
221:and marked the high point of Otto's reign.
716:, Vol. 83, No. 326. (Jan., 1968), pp 1–32.
312:, which has been identified as either the
38:
29:
728:Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056
272:The course of the battle is described in
604:Leyser (1968), p. 14, based on Widukind.
364:, together with the allied tribe of the
294:continuation of the annals of PrĂĽm Abbey
761:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
411:
683:rerum gestarum Saxonicarum libri tres,
559:Reimann et al. (2011), pp. 49, 52–53.
7:
486:scriptura docet, pandentes; ibique
25:
689:SS rer. Germ. 60, Hannover 1935,
673:SS rer. Germ. NS 9, Berlin 1935,
654:SS rer. Germ. 50, Hannover 1890,
584:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
237:instigated a Slav revolt in the
135:
637:in Georg Heinrich Pertz (ed.):
791:Battles involving East Francia
685:in Paul Hirsch et al. (eds.):
481:Thietmar Chron. II.12 cod. 1:
439:Widukind Rer. gest. Sax. III:
1:
714:The English Historical Review
681:Widukindi monachi Corbeiensis
568:Reimann et al. (2011), p. 49.
776:10th century in East Francia
633:Annales Sangallenses maiores
536:Ann. Sangall. mai. a. 955: "
189:tribe on one side, and the
65:uncertain, probably on the
807:
730:. New York: Longman, 1991.
666:in Robert Holtzman (ed.):
650:in Friedrich Kurze (ed.):
513:Prumiensis Chron. a. 955:
421:Reuter (1991), pp. 161–62.
279:Rerum gestarum Saxonicarum
298:annals of S. Gallen Abbey
143:
116:
90:
48:
37:
662:Thietmari Merseburgensis
613:Thompson (1928), p. 489.
241:. The Obotrites invaded
181:) between the forces of
781:10th century in Germany
734:James Westfall Thompson
430:Henning (2011), p. 137.
175:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
166:
151:700 prisoners executed
117:Commanders and leaders
641:SS 1, Hannover 1826,
383:Thietmar of Merseburg
377:Thietmar of Merseburg
284:Thietmar of Merseburg
268:Contemporary accounts
144:Casualties and losses
391:annals of St. Gallen
231:Wichmann the Younger
167:Schlacht an der Raxa
664:episcopi chronicon,
397:– i.e. 16 October.
235:Egbert the One-Eyed
545:2016-01-25 at the
522:2016-09-06 at the
350:Widukind of Corvey
274:Widukind of Corvey
247:Widukind of Corvey
159:Battle on the Raxa
112:, and allied Slavs
97:Kingdom of Germany
44:Recknitz Damgarten
33:Battle on the Raxa
18:Battle of Recknitz
702:Joachim Henning:
591:978-1-4438-1593-2
193:federation under
183:Otto I of Germany
155:
154:
123:Otto I of Germany
86:
85:
16:(Redirected from
798:
656:p. 168 (a. 955).
614:
611:
605:
602:
596:
595:
575:
569:
566:
560:
557:
551:
534:
528:
511:
505:
493:Ibid., cod. 2: "
479:
473:
437:
431:
428:
422:
419:
233:and his brother
197:and his brother
185:allied with the
173:(in present-day
139:
50:
49:
42:
30:
21:
806:
805:
801:
800:
799:
797:
796:
795:
746:
745:
643:p. 79 (a. 955).
626:Primary sources
623:
618:
617:
612:
608:
603:
599:
592:
577:
576:
572:
567:
563:
558:
554:
547:Wayback Machine
535:
531:
524:Wayback Machine
512:
508:
480:
476:
438:
434:
429:
425:
420:
413:
408:
403:
348:. According to
326:
306:
270:
227:
130:
99:
74:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
804:
802:
794:
793:
788:
786:Otto the Great
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
756:950s conflicts
748:
747:
742:
741:
738:Feudal Germany
731:
724:Timothy Reuter
721:
717:
709:Leyser, Karl.
707:
699:
698:
694:
693:
677:
658:
645:
628:
627:
622:
619:
616:
615:
606:
597:
590:
570:
561:
552:
529:
506:
474:
432:
423:
410:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
342:German kingdom
330:Timothy Reuter
325:
322:
305:
302:
269:
266:
226:
223:
153:
152:
149:
146:
145:
141:
140:
125:
119:
118:
114:
113:
103:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:German victory
80:
76:
75:
64:
62:
58:
57:
56:16 October 955
54:
46:
45:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
803:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
751:
744:
739:
735:
732:
729:
725:
722:
718:
715:
712:
708:
705:
701:
700:
696:
695:
692:
688:
684:
682:
678:
676:
672:
669:
665:
663:
659:
657:
653:
649:
646:
644:
640:
636:
634:
630:
629:
625:
624:
620:
610:
607:
601:
598:
593:
587:
583:
582:
574:
571:
565:
562:
556:
553:
550:
548:
544:
541:
533:
530:
527:
525:
521:
518:
510:
507:
504:
502:
498:
492:
490:
487:
478:
475:
472:
470:
466:
463:
457:
454:
448:
445:
436:
433:
427:
424:
418:
416:
412:
405:
400:
398:
396:
392:
387:
384:
380:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
328:According to
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
280:
276:'s chronicle
275:
267:
265:
262:
258:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:Billung March
236:
232:
224:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:Billung march
168:
164:
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68:
63:
60:
59:
55:
52:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
743:
737:
727:
713:
703:
679:
667:
660:
647:
631:
621:Bibliography
609:
600:
580:
573:
564:
555:
540:tributarios.
537:
532:
514:
509:
494:
482:
477:
461:
452:
443:
440:
435:
426:
388:
381:
374:
365:
353:
333:
327:
309:
307:
287:
277:
271:
259:
251:
228:
177:, northeast
158:
156:
91:Belligerents
691:pp. 132 ff.
261:Dendrodates
750:Categories
697:Literature
675:pp. 50 ff.
406:References
395:Saint Gall
225:Background
766:Obotrites
465:fatigatus
358:Stoigniew
340:) of the
289:Chronicon
217:over the
199:Stoigniew
132:Stoigniew
106:Obotrites
543:Archived
520:Archived
314:Recknitz
304:Location
296:and the
215:Lechfeld
207:Recknitz
191:Obotrite
67:Recknitz
61:Location
401:Sources
346:Bohemia
344:, even
320:river.
254:embassy
219:Magyars
209:or the
179:Germany
161:river (
588:
453:LIIII.
334:regnum
324:Battle
243:Saxony
163:German
134:
110:Veleti
79:Result
73:rivers
720:2011.
444:LIII.
366:Ruani
338:duchy
586:ISBN
389:The
370:Rani
362:Gero
354:Raxa
318:Elde
310:Raxa
211:Elde
203:Slav
195:Nako
187:Rani
157:The
128:Nako
101:Rani
71:Elde
53:Date
771:955
687:MGH
671:MGH
652:MGH
639:MGH
462:LV.
316:or
286:'s
69:or
752::
736::
726::
499:,
414:^
300:.
165::
108:,
594:.
549:"
526:"
515:"
503:"
491:"
483:"
471:"
441:"
336:(
20:)
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