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organized under command of
General Ignacio Antonio Ortiz; the second line to be commanded by General Rafael Petit was about 900 meters back; the third line to be led by General Pedro Aranguren was formed at another 800 meters beyond, at a crossroads; finally the fourth line, 800 meters from the crossroads, where the town was, was to be the reserve. According to the plan prepared by Zamora, upon presentation of the attacker in La Palma, the Federalist troops would offer little resistance and redeploy to the first position; who would then be delivered to the attacker, after some resistance the defenders would occupy the second position; then they would redeploy to the third just as in the previous line. This would leave the attackers at the mercy of the
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attackers, needed to cause as much damage as possible, by means of using the forces in three successive lines of trenches, having a fourth line which would be the final position and from where the attacker would receive the maximum firepower and final blow, increased by the reserve forces from the preceding lines.
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On
December 8, the Centralist army spent the night in the village of San Lorenzo, on the left bank of the Santo Domingo River. The next morning, the river level dropped and the Centralist forces advanced towards La Palma, where they made contact with the advance guards, who abandoned their position
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It was then that
General Zamora took a defensive position and formulated a plan that consisted of a withdrawal, executed by the front line troops, to attract the attacker to an area where they would be destroyed by a counterattack. The front line troops, in addition to channeling the action of the
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To comply with the above plan of attack, General Zamora made the following proposals: The advance trench was to be located in the village of La Palmas, and it was to be commanded by
Colonels Jesús M. Hernández and León Colina. A little further back, in a sugar mill and a caney, the first line was
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General Ramos engaged in thorough combat with artillery support; but the position could not be taken. The attack carried out by Ramos, against an intricate entrenchment, efficiently combined with a barrage, degenerated into the most complete failure.The casualties exceeded a third of his troops.
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General Ramos was seriously injured, had lost all his artillery and a large number of horses, and ordered the withdrawal to
Barinas, which was reached by less than 2,000 troops, being chased by rebels. The city was besieged on December 23. After that, Zamora left with 6,000 men from Barinas to
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On the 10th, they restarted the attack, contact was made with the defenders of the mill (first position), who retreated after having caused a large number of casualties amongst the attackers. Once the action against the first position was concluded, the attackers continued on the next position
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Finally convinced of the fruitlessness of his enterprise, General Ramos ordered the withdrawal, which took place at midnight that day. On the 11th at dawn, having noticed the absence of the attackers, Zamora went in pursuit of the remants of the
Centralist Army of the West.
206:, whose commander, General Pedro Estanislao Ramos, received the order to confront and defeat them. After finishing their retreat movement, the Federalist army settled in Santa Inés, located about 36
244:(second); This was also taken after a bloody battle. The task of the attackers now consists of conquering the third position, the crossroads, which was better defended than those that had been taken.
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by the reserve. This was the first time that the tactic of digging defensive trenches was performed in Latin
America.
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A Guide to Intra-state Wars An
Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816-2014
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Caracas, taking more places on his way. However, Zamora was killed during the Siege of
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and retreated to the sugar mill. The attackers set up camp in La Palma.
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173:, and the troops from Conservative government under command of General
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Historia constitucional de
Venezuela: La oligarquía liberal. Apéndice
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Gil
Fortoul, José (1930). "Tomo V". In Parra León Hermanos (ed.).
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Dixon, Jeffrey S.; Reid Sarkees, Meredith (2015). CQ Press (ed.).
218:. The Federalist forces' regrouping was completed on December 9.
165:, which occurred between December 9 and 10, 1859, during the
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on January 10 and the Federalists would be defeated at the
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151:800 casualties and 1,400 wounded and prisoners
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169:between the Federalist forces under General
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190:Once the forces had been gathered in
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177:, with a victory for the former.
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347:Bibliofep Batalla de Santa Inés
194:in mid-November 1859, Generals
38:Map of the Battle of Santa Inés
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198:and Ezequiel Zamora moved to
365:Battles involving Venezuela
214:, on the right bank of the
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210:southwest of the city of
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204:Western Government Army
108:Conservative Government
264:on February 17, 1860.
196:Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
175:Pedro Estanislao Ramos
124:Pedro Estanislao Ramos
113:Commanders and leaders
143:Casualties and losses
385:December 1859 events
159:Battle of Santa Inés
19:Battle of Santa Inés
216:Santo Domingo River
50:December 9–10, 1859
202:, followed by the
71:Federalist victory
380:Conflicts in 1859
375:1859 in Venezuela
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95:Federalist Rebels
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161:was a battle in
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304:. p. 148.
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262:Battle of Coplé
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171:Ezequiel Zamora
119:Ezequiel Zamora
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148:200 casualties
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251:Consequences
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80:Belligerents
59:Santa Inés,
24:Part of the
370:Federal War
274:Federal War
167:Federal War
26:Federal War
359:Categories
280:References
258:San Carlos
186:Rebel Army
181:Background
163:Venezuela
61:Venezuela
268:See also
130:Strength
55:Location
212:Barinas
200:Barinas
192:Guanare
308:
236:Battle
68:Result
306:ISBN
157:The
47:Date
361::
335:^
288:^
208:km
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