1738:, the 1st KGL Light Battalion tried to storm the Vitoria gate on the south side of town. They were stopped by intense musket fire and fell back into a nearby convent. Again, Ompteda led his soldiers forward but fire from the walls and crossfire from the blockhouses repulsed the second charge. The battalion sustained losses of 63 killed and wounded in the abortive assaults. The French soldiers under Bonté and Saint Paul were hit in the left flank by the KGL line battalions and pushed back against the Pamplona gate on the east side of town. Unable to enter Tolosa because the gate was blocked by fortifications, the French and Italians broke out of the trap and streamed to the north along the base of the town wall. The pursuing KGL line battalions attacked the Pamplona gate and suffered a repulse.
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appeared, telling of a disaster and warning that Allied troops were in pursuit. Longa's division left
Vitoria at dawn on 22 June. Girón's tired troops left Vitoria in the afternoon but were soon halted when Clausel was discovered to the south. With only two battalions, Foy was able to slow Longa's advance at the cost of about 200 casualties. By 23 June, Foy collected about 3,000 soldiers at Bergara and with these he confronted Longa's division while waiting for the garrison of Bilbao and Vertigier Saint Paul's Italian brigade to reach him. The Army of Galicia arrived at noon, but since the soldiers were in a state of exhaustion, Girón planned to attack Foy the following day. As soon as the missing French units reached Bergara in the afternoon, Foy marched east to
1613:. Foy's column left Villareal de Álava in the predawn hours of 24 June with Saint Paul's brigade acting as the rearguard. Longa's troops caught up with the Italians but were unable to slow them down. Graham attacked Maucune with the soldiers he had available. Bradford's Portuguese were repulsed in their first attack on Villafranca but eventually pressed their opponents back. The KGL light battalions attacked and captured Beasain, but Maucune pulled back to high ground and continued to defy the Allies. Meanwhile, Foy's column crossed behind Maucune and got away toward Tolosa. On 24 June Maucune sustained 200 casualties and Graham lost 93, while the Italians and Longa's Spaniards each lost about 100 men.
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the foothold so he threw in the
Italian brigade as well. Bradford's attack stalled; according to Graham, the Portuguese brigade did not fight well after its opening assault. On the left, the Spanish-Portuguese column was blocked by a sheer cliff face. Late in the afternoon, Graham heard the far-away sounds of musketry from Longa's division on the right and Mendizábal's guerillas on the left. The British commander ordered the three KGL line infantry battalions on the right-center to attack, while the two KGL light infantry battalions assaulted Tolosa, supported by the Guards brigade and Girón's 3rd Division.
39:
1515:. In October 1812, Foy's 1st Division of the Army of Portugal was made up of two battalions each of the 39th, 69th and 76th Line Infantry Regiments and one battalion of the 6th Light Infantry. Jacques Thomas Sarrut's 4th Division of the same army included two battalions each of the 2nd and 4th Light and the 36th Line Infantry Regiments. Aussenac's brigade comprised two battalions each of the 3rd and 105th Line and one battalion each of the 64th, 100th and 103rd Line. Palombini's division consisted of two battalions each of the 4th and 6th Italian Line, three battalions of the 2nd Italian Light, the
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1690:'s Army of the North brigade (2,000). Maucune's 5th Division included two battalions each of the 15th, 66th, 82nd and 86th Line Infantry Regiments. Deconchy's brigade consisted of two battalions of the 64th Line Infantry, one battalion of the 22nd Line, four companies of the 34th Line and two companies of the 1st Light. Foy's 1st Division comprised the same units as it was in April. Saint Paul's brigade was made up of the same units as Palombini's division, but without the cavalry. The composition of Rouget's brigade was not stated.
1539:. The French took several days to bring up heavy cannons, but once they opened fire, the town walls were quickly breached. On the night of 11 May, the French stormed the town. While many of the attackers indulged themselves in rape and looting, the British ships successfully evacuated most of the garrison. Both sides lost about 180 casualties. On 30 May, Foy cornered a battalion of Spanish irregulars, killing 200 and capturing 360. Two other guerilla forces were caught but they managed to slip away with minor losses.
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brigade. Seeing his defenses collapsing, Foy instructed
Deconchy's brigade to pull out of Tolosa. The order was delivered just in time. Cannons blasted open the Vitoria gate and the KGL light battalions swarmed into the town. After a few scuffles in the town, Deconchy's brigade got out with small loss. The flanking forces of Mendizábal and Longa caught some stragglers, but Foy's corps marched off rapidly as darkness fell.
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position southeast of town behind a stream. Foy's second brigade defended the hill of Jagoz, closer to the town. Rouget's brigade held the high ground on the west bank of the Oria. Maucune's division was on the main highway behind the town, in reserve. Foy's position was strong against an enemy attacking it along the highway. Any outflanking attempt would be time-consuming.
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plunder the immense wagon train of booty that their opponents left behind. There were other reasons why the French army got away. The Allied soldiers had marched 20 miles (32 km) that day and were exhausted. The two Army of
Portugal divisions fought well and retreated in good order. The French 3rd Hussars and 15th Dragoons acted as the army's
1383:. The raid on 12–13 May destroyed the base and inflicted 1,000 casualties on the guerillas, but Mina himself got away. Clausel treated his prisoners humanely, but laid a harsh hand on the villages of northwest Navarre. The mountain operation was so remote that King Joseph was unable to communicate with Clausel's army.
1288:. The Allies sustained losses of 4,927 men, including 850 killed, 4,035 wounded and 42 captured. The French suffered 8,008 casualties, including 756 killed, 4,414 wounded and 3,215 captured and missing. The French also lost 151 guns, 415 caissons, 25 million francs and vast amounts of loot plundered from Spain.
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valley and is surrounded by high hills. Since the town was on a main communication route, the French had buttressed Tolosa's ancient walls with blockhouses and protected the town gates with palisades. Foy placed
Deconchy's brigade in Tolosa. Michel Louis Joseph Bonté's brigade and the Italians held a
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on 19 June and that port's defenses were badly neglected. The only troops available to hold the city were 500 gendarmes, an unreliable conscript battalion and some sappers. In addition there were 7,000 French and
Spanish refugees clogging the city. When Foy arrived on 28 June he immediately assigned
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On 20 June Foy issued orders to evacuate Bilbao. On 21 June, the day of battle, Maucune's division set off at dawn from
Vitoria, escorting a large convoy toward the French frontier. That evening Maucune told Foy at Bergara that he had heard the sound of cannon fire behind him. The next day, refugees
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at
Vitoria stated, "If General Foy and his division are in your neighborhood, you are to bid him give up his march on Bilbao, and draw in towards Vitoria, unless his presence is absolutely necessary at the point where he may be at present". Not appreciating the dire strategic situation, Foy declined
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Pass on 12 July with 11,000 infantry, 500 cavalry and six mountain guns. Approximately 1,500 men became sick or could not keep up and became Mina's prisoners. After turning Cole's column east, Wellington abandoned his effort to cut off
Clausel on 29 June. The Allied soldiers regarded the chase after
1741:
On the west side of town Mendizábal's guerillas grappled with Rouget's brigade. The
Spanish-Portuguese troops that had been blocked by the cliff dashed past the town walls on the west and struck Rouget's flank. Some French conscript battalions panicked and retreated, but Rouget managed to rally his
1730:
Bradford's attack against Bonté's brigade, which was led by elements of the 4th Caçadores loaned from Pack's brigade, was able to quickly gain a foothold across the stream. Foy later blamed Bonté for not keeping a good watch and for disobeying orders. Bonté's first counterattack failed to eliminate
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with only 33,000 infantry and 9,000 cavalry and 100 guns. When Joseph protested, his concerns were brushed aside. In fact, Wellington advanced with 52,000 British, 28,000 Portuguese and 25,000 Spanish soldiers. Meanwhile, the Army of the North counted 40,000 troops but most of these were tied up in
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Graham reported 58 killed, 316 wounded and 45 missing among the Anglo-Portuguese soldiers. One authority estimated Spanish casualties as 200. Foy admitted sustaining 400 casualties, which may be low because the Allies claimed to have made 200 prisoners. The brigades under Bonté and Rouget suffered
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to cut the road to Pamplona, which emerges from the east side of Tolosa. Bradford's brigade, supported by the KGL line infantry from 1st Division, was sent on a shorter hook to the right. One of Pack's battalions and the light infantry from Girón's 3rd Division were sent on a sweep to the left in
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Though the French retreat soon degenerated into a mad scramble to the rear, the Allies failed to launch an all-out pursuit. Seven of Wellington's nine Allied cavalry brigades never came into action at all. Some of the Allied units tried to pursue the beaten French, but most others turned aside to
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During the month of June 1813, Wellington's army repeatedly turned the French army's north flank, compelling Joseph to order a long retreat. During the withdrawal, three of Reille's divisions joined Joseph, but the location of Clausel's soldiers remained a mystery. On 18 June, Reille's three
1280:. Two divisions avoided serious losses, but Maucune's division got such a drubbing that Joseph thought it was only fit to guard the army's wagon train. Wellington's advance was so rapid that the French never had time to fully concentrate their forces. Late on 19 June, Joseph's army reached
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but turned around when he received reports of the magnitude of the Vitoria disaster. On 25 June Clausel picked up the garrison of Logroño and marched northeast toward Pamplona. But reports that the British were trying to intercept his column caused him to swerve south and cross the
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On 27 May, Joseph sent Clausel an order asking for him to return the divisions of Barbot, Foy and Taupin, if he was finished using them. At this time it might take eight to ten days to get a courier through to Clausel's 15,000-man column. On 15 June, Clausel marched from
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River at the frontier, Rey had a garrison of 3,000 soldiers. At this point Foy passed under the orders of his army commander Reille. By the 29 June Mendizábal's guerillas started the siege by cutting off all communications with San Sebastián. The first actions of the
1604:
Anxious that Allied troops might use the road from Salvatierra to cut him off, Foy instructed Maucune to hold the road open until his 8,000 soldiers got past the danger point. Maucune sent the convoy ahead to Tolosa and turned back. He assigned one brigade to hold
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and pushed it out of the town. Believing incorrectly that Joseph's army might be retreating toward the Biscay coast, Foy determined to defend the town of Tolosa. He sent the convoy toward the frontier guarded by Pierre André Hercule Berlier's 4-battalion brigade.
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to the northeast in an attempt to catch up with Maucune's convoy. At Salvatierra, Wellington sent an additional column under Graham north to cut off Foy and Maucune. Joseph's beaten army retreated past Pamplona on 24 June. D'Erlon's army was sent north toward
1709:
Graham saw that Foy's position must be outflanked. Directly facing the town on the main highway were the bulk of the 1st Division, followed by Pack's brigade and Girón's divisions. Longa and Porlier were sent on a wide sweep to the right via the villages of
1522:
On 25 April 1813, Foy left Bilbao with his own, Sarrut's and Palombini's divisions, altogether over 11,000 troops, and reached Castro Urdiales that evening. The port was defended by 1,000 Spanish soldiers under Pedro Alvarez and supported by three British
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Deconchy's troops and a number of artillerists to garrison the place. (Deconchy himself was assigned to lead a different brigade.) The gendarmes and conscripts were used to escort the refugees to Spain. When Foy retreated across the
1755:
where he was met by the 62nd Line Infantry, a pro-French Spanish regiment and Berlier's brigade (40th and 101st Line Infantry). The next day, Foy's corps, which numbered 16,000 infantry, 400 cavalry and 10 field pieces, retreated to
1656:
Regiments. The KGL brigade was made up of the 1st and 2nd KGL Light and 1st, 2nd and 5th KGL Line Battalions. Pack's brigade comprised two battalions each of the 1st and 16th Portuguese Line Infantry Regiments and the 4th
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Foy commanded about 16,000 troops at Tolosa. These were Foy's division (3,000), Maucune's division (3,000), Saint Paul's Italians (1,500), Bilbao and Durango garrisons (3,000), Tolosa and nearby garrisons (2,500) and
1207:'s forces in the south. Neither Foy nor Clausel had fought at Vitoria. Graham caught up with Foy's column, but after some fighting, the French got away. Clausel also managed to avoid being cut off, but except for the
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with only one battalion, though there were 20,000 Franco-Italian troops scattered across his area of operations. By this time Sarrut's division had returned to Joseph's main army. The orders, which came via
346:
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Both Girón's Spanish Army of Galicia and Graham's column were told off to intercept the retreat of Foy's forces. However, poor staff work and heavy rains delayed the advance of Graham's column. The
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under Juan Diaz Porlier. The 1st Division had 4,500, the brigades of Pack and Bradford had 4,500 combined and Anson had 650 horsemen. On 25 June his advance guard encountered Maucune's division at
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1511:'s Italian division (2,474), Pierre Gabriel Aussenac's brigade (1,500), Claude Pierre Rouget's brigade (2,000) and 409 artillerists. Clausel ordered Foy to capture the port of
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where it waited vainly for Clausel to join it. On 21 June, Wellington with 88,276 Allies with 90 guns attacked Joseph's 46,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and 2,300 gunners in the
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and Robert Hill's Household Cavalry brigade started from Vitoria on 26 June. Clinton pursued as far as Lerín but turned back when he realized that Clausel had a 2-day lead.
1364:'s 2nd Division of the Army of Portugal. The Spanish captured 663 French soldiers in the debacle. Though Barbot was nearby with six battalions, he failed to intervene.
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in command of the Army of the North. The new leader was expected to suppress the guerillas of northern Spain and clear the main highway between France and Spain.
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Clausel assumed command of the Army of the North on 21 February 1813. Meanwhile, Mina with 2,800 guerillas repulsed the attacks of the 3,150 French soldiers of
1320:. Reille's soldiers had already earlier split off from the main body and headed north toward the Biscay coast. On 26 June, the Allies surrounded and began the
1299:
Wellington's army set out in pursuit of Joseph at mid-morning on 22 June, headed east toward Salvatierra. The British commander also sent Spanish troops under
126:
1669:. Longa's division consisted of four battalions of the Iberia Light Infantry, two battalions of the Álava Regiment and one squadron of the Álava Hussars.
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on 22 June, completely unaware of the Battle of Vitoria the day before. At last, Clausel heard about the French defeat and his column marched south to
1440:
1164:'s division, which fortuitously appeared, the French parried Graham's initial attacks then slipped away when threatened with envelopment. The town of
1184:
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Graham commanded about 26,000 men including 16,000 Spaniards and 10,000 British and Portuguese. There were 11,000 in Girón's two divisions, 3,000
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Battalion. Bradford's brigade had two battalions each of the 13th and 24th Portuguese Line and the 5th Caçadores. Anson's brigade included the
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In the spring of 1813, the French were capable of deploying 95,000 troops to defend Spain against Wellington's army. There were 42,000 men in
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on 31 March. His 2,100 guerillas surprised and wiped out two battalions that were busily sacking the town. These 1,500 troops belonged to
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garrisons so that only 10,000 were available for field operations. On 14 January, Napoleon ordered Clausel to replace
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and block the main highway north of Tolosa. The Allied center would wait until the flank attacks were well underway.
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1760:. Berlier, who had shepherded the convoy to safety, was sent to look for Joseph's army and found Reille's force at
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After one abortive attempt to catch Mina, Clausel decided to strike at the guerilla leader's mountain base at
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ordered Reille's six divisions to hunt down Spanish guerillas in northern Spain. This operation left King
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1375:'s division of the Army of the North plus the troops of Abbé and Barbot for the operation. Clausel left
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army from Spain. On 21 June, Wellington's army inflicted a decisive defeat on Joseph's troops at the
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hussar brigade set out from Pamplona toward Tafalla on 26 June. They were to be followed by the
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that Clausel's column was to his south. He detailed several divisions to hunt down the French.
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The main highway to France runs to the northeast through Tolosa. The town lies in the
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1585:(KGL) light infantry brigade made good progress on 22 June, but the remainder of the
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1215:, northern Spain was soon free of French occupation. The next pitched battle was the
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where Clausel gave his soldiers three days of rest. Then the column headed north to
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Modern map of Tolosa shows the town in the Oria valley surrounded by steep hills.
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Clausel to be a fool's errand and there had been a great deal of straggling.
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on 8 February. After this defeat the 328 survivors of the French garrison of
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1324:. That day Wellington received information from the Spanish guerilla leader
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to join the main army and his 5,000-man division was missed at Vitoria.
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which was reached on 6 July. Clausel crossed the Pyrenees by the
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divisions blundered into the path of Wellington's advance at the
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1593:'s Portuguese brigade lagged behind. Farther to the rear were
1507:'s division (4,500). Foy controlled over 16,000 men, counting
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and picked up its garrison before heading southeast along the
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surrendered. Mina inflicted another disaster on the French at
1203:, Wellington tried to intercept Foy's column in the north and
1152:(26 June 1813) saw a British-Portuguese-Spanish column led by
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When Foy finally received instructions on 19 June, he was at
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attempt to cut off a retreating Franco-Italian force under
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order to attack the west side of town. Graham also asked
1379:'s 3rd Division of the Army of Portugal behind to police
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On 21 April 1813, Foy's division (5,513 men) arrived at
2425:. Vol. 6. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole.
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Vittoria 1813: Wellington Sweeps the French from Spain
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Wellington ordered two columns to hunt down Clausel.
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launched a powerful offensive designed to drive King
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is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of
1199:. As the defeated French armies withdrew toward the
2486:
2385:The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War
1644:. The Guards brigade included one company of the
1403:on 23 June. The next day he tried to go north to
43:Tolosa lies in the deep valley of the Oria River.
1751:the most. That night Foy's force bivouacked at
1183:In the late spring of 1813, the Allied army of
23:
1569:Memorial to French soldiers killed at Beasain.
1316:while Gazan's army moved northeast toward the
1723:and his Vizcayan guerillas to move east from
512:
340:
8:
2485:Oman, Sir Charles William Chadwick (1902).
1238:Honoré Théodore Maxime Gazan de la Peyrière
1636:and consisted of the Guards brigade under
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2423:A History of the Peninsular War Volume VI
1503:in northern Spain and was soon joined by
970:Vitoria and the Pyrenees, 1813–1814
1244:'s Army of the Center. However, Emperor
1185:Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington
2493:. Vol. VI. Oxford: Clarendon Press
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1736:Christian Friedrich Wilhelm von Ompteda
445:Campaign in south-west France 1813–1814
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1862:
1823:
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1519:Dragoons and two artillery batteries.
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1976:
1964:
1925:
1850:
1835:
16:1813 battle during the Peninsular War
7:
2550:Battles involving the United Kingdom
2470:. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.
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1466:River. By 30 June his column was at
683:Third invasion of Portugal 1810–1811
611:First invasion of Portugal 1807–1808
1242:Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon
1240:'s Army of the South and 17,000 in
14:
1632:Graham's 1st Division was led by
1609:and the second brigade to defend
1348:'s Army of the North division at
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1172:. The clash occurred during the
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2489:A History of the Peninsular War
1296:and fended off Allied pursuit.
1236:'s Army of Portugal, 36,000 in
1648:and the 1st Battalions of the
1162:Antoine Louis Popon de Maucune
1:
2535:Battles of the Peninsular War
2442:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
551:War of the Pyrenees 1793-1795
370:Vitoria and the Pyrenees 1813
2404:The Peninsular War 1807–1814
1721:Gabriel de Mendizábal Iraeta
1601:'s British cavalry brigade.
1509:Giuseppe Federico Palombini
1458:On 28 June Clausel reached
590:Mediterranean Campaign 1798
2586:
2555:Battles involving Portugal
1640:and the KGL brigade under
1597:'s Portuguese brigade and
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366:
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252:
177:
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47:
36:
28:
2545:Battles involving France
2402:Glover, Michael (2001).
1770:was appointed to defend
1634:Kenneth Alexander Howard
1373:Edmé-Martin Vandermaesen
1219:which began on 25 July.
1158:Maximilien Sébastien Foy
2560:Battles involving Spain
2519:Battle of Tolosa (1813)
2421:Oman, Charles (1996) .
1688:Vincent Martel Deconchy
1455:heavy cavalry brigade.
1377:Eloi Charlemagne Taupin
1362:Marie Étienne de Barbot
1350:Tiebas-Muruarte de Reta
1346:Louis Jean Nicolas Abbé
1209:Sieges of San Sebastian
604:War of the Oranges 1801
568:Sant Llorenç de la Muga
24:Battle of Tolosa (1813)
2466:Fletcher, Ian (2005).
1782:Battle of the Pyrenees
1706:
1682:
1620:under Longa and 2,500
1607:Villafranca de Ordicia
1570:
1492:
1341:
1326:Francisco Espoz y Mina
1272:
1217:Battle of the Pyrenees
178:Commanders and leaders
2444:. London: Greenhill.
2440:Smith, Digby (1998).
2383:Gates, David (2002).
1734:Led by its commander
1704:
1680:
1568:
1505:Jacques Thomas Sarrut
1490:
1339:
1270:
1257:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
1234:Honoré Charles Reille
307:Casualties and losses
2521:at Wikimedia Commons
1587:British 1st Division
1583:King's German Legion
1425:British 6th Division
1332:Clausel's operations
1176:, part of the wider
1142: current battle
2406:. London: Penguin.
2387:. London: Pimlico.
2358:, pp. 484–485.
2227:, pp. 476–477.
2210:, pp. 474–475.
2186:, pp. 472–473.
2174:, pp. 470–471.
2114:, pp. 272–273.
2078:, pp. 270–271.
2066:, pp. 467–468.
2027:, pp. 459–461.
2003:, pp. 337–338.
1865:, pp. 241–243.
1838:, pp. 426–431.
1826:, pp. 232–233.
1814:, pp. 192–193.
1802:, pp. 226–227.
1667:16th Light Dragoons
1301:Pedro Agustín Girón
623:Padrões de Teixeira
202:Pedro Agustín Girón
82: /
1991:, p. 268–269.
1784:began on 25 July.
1768:Louis Emmanuel Rey
1707:
1683:
1576:Villareal de Álava
1571:
1561:Actions 22–25 June
1493:
1476:Somport (Canfranc)
1453:William Ponsonby's
1342:
1305:Francisco de Longa
1273:
791:Arroyo dos Molinos
213:Francisco de Longa
2517:Media related to
1441:Colquhoun Grant's
1322:Siege of Pamplona
1286:Battle of Vitoria
1262:Joseph Caffarelli
1197:Battle of Vitoria
961:
960:
494:
493:
323:
322:
109:
108:
2577:
2570:June 1813 events
2516:
2502:
2500:
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1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1549:Pierre Thouvenot
1483:Foy's operations
1340:Bertrand Clausel
1250:Joseph Bonaparte
1228:Vitoria campaign
1205:Bertrand Clausel
1189:Joseph Bonaparte
1150:Battle of Tolosa
1141:
1134:
1128:
1121:
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894:France 1813-1814
749:Fuentes de Oñoro
709:Battle of Sobral
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41:
21:
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2540:Battles in 1813
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2462:
2460:Further reading
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1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1748:
1675:
1654:3rd Foot Guards
1650:2nd Foot Guards
1638:Edward Stopford
1591:Thomas Bradford
1563:
1558:
1513:Castro Urdiales
1485:
1437:Light Divisions
1371:. He assembled
1334:
1271:Lord Wellington
1230:
1225:
1193:Imperial French
1178:Napoleonic Wars
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811:Salamanca Forts
760:Spain 1811-1813
754:Aldeia da Ponte
542:
538:Napoleonic Wars
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360:1813–1814
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247:Antoine Maucune
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2508:
2507:External links
2505:
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2450:
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2431:
2418:
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2370:, p. 486.
2360:
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2343:, p. 483.
2330:
2328:, p. 482.
2315:
2313:, p. 481.
2300:
2298:, p. 480.
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2017:
2015:, p. 386.
2005:
1993:
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1979:, p. 412.
1969:
1967:, p. 411.
1957:
1955:, p. 262.
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1943:, p. 463.
1930:
1928:, p. 475.
1918:
1916:, p. 459.
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1904:, p. 462.
1894:
1892:, p. 454.
1882:
1880:, p. 455.
1867:
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1853:, p. 390.
1840:
1828:
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1804:
1791:
1789:
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1747:
1744:
1674:
1673:Action 26 June
1671:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1491:Maximilien Foy
1484:
1481:
1391:, heading for
1333:
1330:
1318:Roncevaux Pass
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1174:Peninsular War
1160:. Assisted by
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91:43.133; -2.083
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2565:1813 in Spain
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533:Revolutionary
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319:26 June: 400+
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65:Tolosa, Spain
62:
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40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2495:. Retrieved
2488:
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2191:
2179:
2167:
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2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1858:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1766:
1749:
1740:
1733:
1729:
1708:
1692:
1684:
1631:
1615:
1603:
1599:George Anson
1580:
1572:
1541:
1537:Sparrow (16)
1521:
1516:
1494:
1457:
1418:
1416:on 26 June.
1385:
1366:
1343:
1298:
1290:
1274:
1231:
1182:
1149:
1147:
871:Roncesvalles
845:
704:Trant's raid
422:Roncesvalles
409:
402:
392:
385:
317:24 June: 300
314:26 June: 619
312:24 June: 193
114:Belligerents
55:26 June 1813
29:Part of the
18:
2237:Glover 2001
1863:Glover 2001
1824:Glover 2001
1800:Glover 2001
1762:Bera (Vera)
1646:60th Rifles
1618:Cantabrians
1445:British 3rd
1433:British 4th
1405:Salvatierra
1003:San Marcial
831:Tordesillas
821:Majadahonda
801:3rd Badajoz
776:2nd Badajoz
766:1st Badajoz
744:2nd Almeida
694:1st Almeida
573:Villelongue
451:San Marcial
89: /
2529:Categories
2377:References
2254:Smith 1998
1977:Smith 1998
1965:Smith 1998
1926:Smith 1998
1851:Gates 2002
1836:Smith 1998
1695:Oria River
1595:Denis Pack
1429:Lowry Cole
1223:Background
1115:San Millan
836:San Millan
729:Casal Novo
563:2nd Boulou
381:San Millan
224:Denis Pack
2368:Oman 1996
2356:Oman 1996
2341:Oman 1996
2326:Oman 1996
2311:Oman 1996
2296:Oman 1996
2284:Oman 1996
2269:Oman 1996
2225:Oman 1996
2208:Oman 1996
2196:Oman 1996
2184:Oman 1996
2172:Oman 1996
2160:Oman 1996
2148:Oman 1996
2136:Oman 1996
2124:Oman 1996
2112:Oman 1996
2100:Oman 1996
2088:Oman 1996
2076:Oman 1996
2064:Oman 1996
2052:Oman 1996
2040:Oman 1996
2025:Oman 1996
2013:Oman 1996
2001:Oman 1996
1989:Oman 1996
1953:Oman 1996
1941:Oman 1996
1914:Oman 1996
1902:Oman 1996
1890:Oman 1996
1878:Oman 1996
1812:Oman 1996
1659:Caçadores
1622:Asturians
1529:Lyra (10)
1517:Napoleone
1431:with the
1423:with the
1412:River at
1310:Maya Pass
1294:rearguard
816:Salamanca
689:River Côa
677:2nd Porto
662:1st Porto
1725:Azpeitia
1468:Zaragoza
1389:Pamplona
1312:via the
1246:Napoleon
1213:Pamplona
1201:Pyrenees
1071:Pamplona
1037:Pyrenees
937:Overseas
925:Toulouse
900:Bidassoa
876:Sorauren
861:Pyrenees
851:Pamplona
786:El Bodón
724:Condeixa
667:Amarante
529:Portugal
486:Toulouse
456:Bidassoa
427:Sorauren
411:Pyrenees
398:Pamplona
253:Strength
138:Portugal
60:Location
1777:Bidasoa
1758:Hernani
1753:Andoain
1746:Results
1716:Gaztelu
1611:Beasain
1544:Bergara
1501:Vizcaya
1397:Treviño
1393:Logroño
1381:Navarre
1354:Tafalla
1282:Vitoria
1254:Marshal
1098:Vitoria
998:30miles
930:Bayonne
905:Nivelle
881:Lizasso
841:Vitoria
806:Almaraz
771:Barrosa
739:Sabugal
719:Redinha
699:Bussaco
638:Vimeiro
583:Bascara
578:Capmany
531:in the
476:Bayonne
461:Nivelle
432:Lizasso
387:Vitoria
376:Morales
77:02°05′W
74:43°08′N
2497:1 June
2474:
2448:
2429:
2410:
2391:
1626:Alegia
1556:Battle
1525:sloops
1497:Bilbao
1460:Tudela
1414:Lodosa
1369:Roncal
1166:Tolosa
1140:
1088:Tolosa
948:Guiana
920:Orthez
915:Garris
888:Buenza
846:Tolosa
826:Burgos
781:Usagre
714:Pombal
652:Chaves
633:Roliça
558:Toulon
481:Orthez
471:Garris
439:Buenza
393:Tolosa
293:14,500
265:16,000
102:Result
1788:Notes
1712:Altzo
1401:Viana
1358:Lerín
672:Grijó
657:Braga
628:Évora
618:Olhão
597:Malta
302:1,500
283:4,500
274:5,150
149:Spain
2499:2021
2472:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2389:ISBN
1714:and
1665:and
1663:12th
1652:and
1589:and
1535:and
1472:Jaca
1464:Ebro
1451:and
1447:and
1439:and
1435:and
1410:Ebro
1303:and
1252:and
1211:and
1148:The
1020:Maya
996:50km
910:Nive
866:Maya
535:and
466:Nive
417:Maya
52:Date
1499:in
1191:'s
2531::
2348:^
2333:^
2318:^
2303:^
2276:^
2261:^
2244:^
2215:^
2032:^
1933:^
1870:^
1843:^
1764:.
1578:.
1531:,
1527:,
1180:.
2501:.
2480:.
2454:.
2435:.
2416:.
2397:.
1120:1
1103:2
1093:3
1076:4
1059:5
1042:6
1025:7
1008:8
520:e
513:t
506:v
348:e
341:t
334:v
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