1737:, the naval engagement off Málaga "established in both British and French tactical thinking the absolute importance of maintaining the defensive strength of a well-ordered line of battle." Naval officers in both navies proceeded to place a greater emphasis on training their crews in gunnery skills after the engagement, while the French Navy's belief in the "defensive power of a well-ordered line" was reinforced as a result of the battle. Though both sides had fire ships at their disposal, none were expended during the battle, a fact which Tracy claims was a consequence of 18th-century naval battles increasingly taking place in the open sea (as opposed to their 17th-century counterparts, many of which prominently featured the use of fire ships). By the late 18th century, fire ships had largely fallen out of use among the naval powers of Europe.
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their ships to battle, with the French in particular being concerned about a shortage of ammunition. The French fleet eventually returned to Toulon, claiming a victory in the engagement based on their enemies unwillingness to engage on the 26th. However, the French decision to return to Toulon turned what up until that point had been a tactical draw into a strategic defeat, as France never put a fleet to sea again for the duration of the conflict, allowing the Grand
Alliance to gain
1681:, Rooke and Callenburgh decided to withdraw, deciding that the shortage of ammunition onboard their ships meant that they could no longer continue the engagement. As noted by historian Cathal J. Nolan, the French captains present proved reluctant to pursue, being unaware of the superior gunnery skills of their crews, which had killed 3,000 sailors, marines and officers from the Anglo-Dutch fleet (in comparison, the French lost 1,500 men killed and wounded).
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and recapture it; Rooke received word of the attempt and mobilised his ships to intercept them. Rooke's ships spotted the Franco-Spanish fleet on 22 August, engaging them two days later. Both sides exchanged broadsides for several hours before the Anglo-Dutch fleet ran low of ammunition and withdrew
1684:
During the battle, neither side lost a single ship, though both fleets had suffered extensive damage; many ships in the Anglo-Dutch fleet had lost some or all of their masts. On 26 August, the two fleets sighted each other again, though no engagement occurred as both sides were reluctant to commit
1450:
After the battle, both fleets returned home; strategically, the battle proved to be a success for the Grand
Alliance, which saw their occupation of Gibraltar continue for the remainder of the conflict. Rooke unloaded as many men and material as he could before returning to England on 24 September.
1676:
As the night set in, senior officers in the Anglo-Dutch fleet ordered a redistribution of ammunition among their ships to sustain the engagement, though by the next morning each ship only had approximately ten cannonballs left per gun. When a change in the wind direction gave the French fleet a
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on 4 October. Over the next month, he launched several assaults on the settlement, inflicting numerous casualties on the defenders. After receiving supplies from Leake on 21 October, the garrison repulsed a major Franco-Spanish assault on 11 November. The siege soon settled into a stalemate,
1708:
Having managed to successfully counter the French naval threat, Rooke left as much men, weaponry and supplies as he could at
Gibraltar before sailing for home on 24 September. Before leaving, he split off a portion of his fleet (consisting of 18 warships), ordering his subordinate
1717:
led 4,000 Bourbon troops to the vicinity of the region, who were supplemented by civilian refugees which had fled the settlement. The
Marquis of Villadarias also made plans to reinforce his army with 8,000 more men in anticipation of an upcoming Bourbon siege of Gibraltar.
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in late
September. However, several attempts to storm the settlement were repulsed by its garrison, and the siege was eventually lifted in May 1705. The battle of Málaga went on to play a role in solidifying the importance of a defensive
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which inflicted numerous casualties. French galleys would occasionally sail into the battle line to tow damaged ships of the line out of the battlefield to safety. Meanwhile, the Anglo-Dutch fleet suffered from a shortage of
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punctuated by naval engagements and another failed
Bourbon assault on 7 February 1705. It was eventually abandoned on May 1705, and Gibraltar would remain under Grand Alliance control for the rest of the war.
1721:
Aware that the
Spanish would soon lay siege to Gibraltar, Prince George set about reinforcing the settlement's fortifications and garrison. In late September, the Marquis of Villadarias began
1415:, transforming the battle from a tactical stalemate into a strategic defeat, as they would not put out to sea again for the duration of the conflict. Occurring soon after the Anglo-Dutch
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to lead it in undergoing naval patrols off the
Portuguese and Spanish coastlines. Spanish Bourbons had already received news of the loss of Gibraltar, and in early September the
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under his command there, he immediately set off with the Anglo-Dutch fleet (which comprised 53 ships of the line, six frigates and seven fire ships) to engage the French.
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in the
Mediterranean. Once he had ensured that the French Navy was no longer pursuing him, Rooke ordered his fleet to sail for Gibraltar for repairs on 19 August.
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was sent into the
Mediterranean in 1704, capturing Gibraltar on 4 August. Upon receiving news of the capture, the French dispatched a fleet to link up with the
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naval force on 24 August 1704. Both sides fought an intense engagement before the Anglo-Dutch fleet withdrew the next day. The French subsequently returned to
1630:
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Lothar Franz von Schönborn and the Diplomacy of the Electorate of Mainz: From the Treaty of Ryswick to the Outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession
1555:(then under Bourbon control) on 30 May was frustrated by a lack of support from local residents, the expedition sailed for the Portuguese port of
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a few weeks prior, the battle served as one of the numerous engagements which took place for control over the settlement during the war.
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during the battle, having expended large quantities of ammunition bombarding Gibraltar during their capture of the settlement.
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after the French fleet was spotted on 22 August. Rooke and Callenburgh ordered their combined fleet to form a
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led a combined Anglo-Dutch fleet into the Mediterranean, accompanied by Austrian army officer
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in March 1704 at the head of a large military expedition to conduct a campaign in the
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While at anchor, senior officers in the Anglo-Dutch fleet drafted a plan to attack
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that a French fleet had been spotted approaching Gibraltar; leaving half of the
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Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving the Dutch Republic
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which set sail for Gibraltar roughly a week after its capture. Rooke received
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on the other. The conflict erupted over a dispute on whether Bourbon prince
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Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving England
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Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving France
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Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving Spain
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According to Canadian historian Nicholas Tracy in his 2007 work
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On 24 August, the two fleets engaged each other off the city of
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1559:. There, they linked up with an English squadron commanded by
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broke out, pitting an anti-French coalition known as the
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2211:
The Rock of the Gibraltarians: A History of Gibraltar
1508:, backed by the Grand Alliance, would succeed to the
27:
1704 engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession
2148:
2348:Nelson's Battles: The Triumph of British Seapower
1735:Nelson's Battles: The Triumph of British Seapower
36:
317:
8:
2159:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1563:on 27 June and proceeded to lay anchor near
1426:broke out, pitting the Bourbon kingdoms of
2185:Rock of Contention: A History of Gibraltar
1988:
1460:in British and French tactical thinking.
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1582:responded by combined their squadrons at
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1488:on one side and the Bourbon kingdoms of
2156:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1964:
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1935:
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7:
1830:
2286:Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion
2105:The First Peninsular War, 1702-1713
2312:England Under Queen Anne: Blenheim
2150:"Rooke, Sir George (c. 1650–1709)"
25:
2390:History of the province of Málaga
1590:into one fleet (consisting of 50
2237:The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714
1757:The Grand Alliance consisted of
1541:Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt
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50:
1551:. After an attempt to capture
351:Low Countries and Upper France
1:
2215:Associated University Presses
1482:War of the Spanish Succession
1424:War of the Spanish Succession
1393:War of the Spanish Succession
44:War of the Spanish Succession
2173:UK public library membership
2147:Hattendorf, John B. (2008).
2103:Francis, Alan David (1975).
1725:, being reinforced by 3,000
1472:A sketch of the Anglo-Dutch
1391:which took place during the
56:A painting of the battle by
2082:European Warfare, 1660-1815
1701:A 1704 map of Gibraltar by
1606:) under the command of the
1523:Archduke Charles landed at
2426:
1723:an investment of Gibraltar
2258:Nolan, Cathal J. (2008).
2189:Robert Hale & Company
2124:Harding, Richard (1999).
1520:died on 1 November 1700.
837:Italy and Southern France
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287:
247:
180:
104:
63:
49:
41:
2346:Tracy, Nicholas (2008).
2323:Thompson, R. T. (1973).
1512:and assume control over
1502:King Louis XIV of France
597:Grovestins' Cavalry Raid
296:1,500 killed and wounded
1576:laid siege to Gibraltar
1531:. In May of that year,
1514:Spain's colonial empire
633:Germany and Upper Rhine
2207:Jackson, William G. F.
2165:10.1093/ref:odnb/24059
1715:Marquis of Villadarias
1705:
1645:
1612:Victor-Marie d'Estrées
1561:Sir Cloudesley Shovell
1477:
1385:battle of Vélez-Málaga
1135:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
181:Commanders and leaders
18:Battle of Velez Malaga
1700:
1633:
1476:made on 1 August 1704
1471:
1060:Valencia de Alcántara
288:Casualties and losses
2130:Taylor & Francis
1504:, or Habsburg royal
1474:capture of Gibraltar
1417:capture of Gibraltar
1383:, also known as the
271:50 ships of the line
256:53 ships of the line
2352:Pen and Sword Books
2329:Springer Publishing
2109:Ernest Benn Limited
2003:, pp. 102–103.
1914:, pp. 101–102.
1821:, pp. 158–160.
1634:An illustration of
1518:Charles II of Spain
898:Castelnuovo Bormida
1706:
1646:
1549:Gerard Callenburgh
1478:
1160:2nd Ciudad Rodrigo
1100:1st Ciudad Rodrigo
336:Spanish Succession
209:Gerard Callenburgh
2385:Conflicts in 1704
2361:978-1-7838-3009-1
2338:978-9-0247-1346-2
2299:978-0-0072-0376-5
2273:978-0-3133-5920-0
2250:978-0-5820-5629-9
2224:978-0-9484-6614-4
2198:978-0-7091-4352-9
2171:(Subscription or
2139:978-1-8572-8478-2
2095:978-1-8572-8173-6
1967:, pp. 20–40.
1658:parallel crescent
1641:at the battle by
1608:Count of Toulouse
1592:ships of the line
1545:Dutch States Navy
1529:Iberian Peninsula
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1019:Iberian Peninsula
432:2nd Fort Isabella
357:1st Fort Isabella
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227:Count of Toulouse
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86:Mediterranean Sea
16:(Redirected from
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1819:Thompson 1973
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1807:Somerset 2012
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1643:Charles Dixon
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1638:Prince George
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1480:In 1701, the
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1461:
1459:
1454:
1453:an investment
1448:
1445:
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1422:In 1701, the
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1356:Cabrita Point
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1255:4th Barcelona
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1090:3rd Barcelona
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1075:2nd Barcelona
1073:
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1055:2nd Gibraltar
1053:
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1045:1st Gibraltar
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1035:1st Barcelona
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2184:
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2081:
2070:Bibliography
2061:Jackson 1986
2056:
2049:Jackson 1986
2044:
2032:
2025:Jackson 1986
2020:
2013:Jackson 1986
2008:
2001:Jackson 1986
1996:
1984:
1977:Harding 1999
1972:
1943:
1931:
1924:Jackson 1986
1919:
1912:Jackson 1986
1907:
1879:Francis 1975
1874:
1867:Francis 1975
1862:
1855:Francis 1975
1850:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1753:
1734:
1732:
1720:
1707:
1703:Louis Boudan
1683:
1679:weather gage
1675:
1647:
1637:
1616:intelligence
1569:
1522:
1479:
1449:
1444:Spanish Navy
1421:
1403:fleet and a
1389:fleet action
1384:
1380:
1378:
1366:Lizard Point
1350:
1346:Cape Spartel
1220:Villaviciosa
1003:Fenestrelles
789:2nd Haguenau
779:1st Haguenau
759:2nd Trarbach
724:Schellenberg
694:Munderkingen
659:1st Trarbach
639:Kaiserswerth
622:2nd Bouchain
577:1st Bouchain
567:Saint-Venant
382:Stevensweert
293:3,000 killed
277:9 fire ships
262:7 fire ships
105:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
1677:favourable
1580:French Navy
1395:between an
1361:Beachy Head
1324:Nagymajtény
1294:Nagyszombat
1279:Schmöllnitz
1260:2nd Majorca
1120:1st Majorca
1065:Albuquerque
968:Pizzigetone
963:Alessandria
811:3rd Hagenau
769:Lauterbourg
764:Wissembourg
649:Friedlingen
607:Marchiennes
522:Hondschoote
492:Dendermonde
367:Saint Donas
2374:Categories
2175:required.)
2117:B005MGL1FK
2037:Hills 1974
1965:Tracy 2008
1948:Black 1994
1936:Hills 1974
1900:Nolan 2008
1741:References
1667:round shot
1662:broadsides
1604:fire ships
1533:Royal Navy
1464:Background
1274:Eisenstadt
1250:2nd Girona
1225:1st Girona
1210:2nd Madrid
1115:El Albujón
1105:1st Madrid
1040:Portalegre
873:Borgoforte
826:4th Landau
821:Rumersheim
816:Stollhofen
784:Drusenheim
754:3rd Landau
739:Ingolstadt
714:2nd Landau
709:Speyerbach
684:Sigharting
644:1st Landau
592:Landrécies
547:Malplaquet
512:Wijnendale
362:Middelburg
334:War of the
280:24 galleys
274:9 frigates
259:6 frigates
96:Indecisive
2086:Routledge
1831:Lynn 1999
1792:Footnotes
1693:Aftermath
1671:gunpowder
1602:and nine
1572:Gibraltar
1553:Barcelona
1230:Aren Fort
1195:La Gudiña
1140:Castellón
1095:Alcántara
1085:San Mateo
943:Calcinato
928:Mirandola
883:Governolo
878:Guastalla
806:Aidenbach
734:Villingen
704:Höchstädt
664:Andernach
654:Rheinberg
612:2nd Douai
557:1st Douai
517:Leffinghe
502:Oudenarde
472:Ramillies
462:Zandvliet
457:Zoutleeuw
442:2nd Liége
402:Groesbeek
392:1st Liége
2310:(1930).
2284:(2012).
2264:ABC-Clio
2235:(1999).
2209:(1986).
2183:(1974).
2080:(1994).
1783:Portugal
1767:Scotland
1600:frigates
1547:admiral
1535:officer
1434:against
1336:Vigo Bay
1235:Venasque
1215:Brihuega
1205:Zaragoza
1190:Alicante
1070:Montjuïc
1013:Syracuse
988:2nd Susa
923:Chivasso
908:Vercelli
903:1st Susa
831:Freiburg
799:Sendling
744:Blenheim
719:Augsburg
699:Breisach
669:Neubourg
527:Brussels
452:Elixheim
407:Tongeren
387:Roermond
372:Nijmegen
248:Strength
76:Location
2316:Longman
2241:Longman
1779:Prussia
1763:England
1759:Austria
1620:marines
1598:, nine
1596:galleys
1565:Tétouan
1409:Spanish
1309:Trenčín
1267:Hungary
1245:Cardona
1240:Tortosa
1200:Almenar
1180:Minorca
1175:Tortosa
1170:Morella
1150:Almansa
1145:Villena
1080:Badajoz
998:Exilles
933:Cassano
868:Luzzara
853:Cremona
794:Bavaria
774:Homburg
674:Geldern
562:Béthune
542:Tournai
477:Antwerp
447:3rd Huy
437:2nd Huy
427:Limburg
422:1st Huy
412:Stekene
123:England
2358:
2335:
2296:
2270:
2247:
2221:
2195:
2169:
2136:
2115:
2092:
1769:, the
1650:Málaga
1626:Battle
1584:Toulon
1525:Lisbon
1516:after
1490:France
1428:France
1413:Toulon
1405:Franco
1351:Málaga
1314:Kölesd
1165:Lleida
1155:Xàtiva
1125:Cuenca
1110:Murcia
1008:Cesana
983:Toulon
973:Casale
918:Verrua
848:Chiari
627:Knocke
602:Denain
482:Ostend
417:Ekeren
340:Europe
159:France
156:
135:
120:
93:Result
82:Málaga
1775:Savoy
1746:Notes
1594:, 24
1588:Brest
1557:Lagos
1494:Spain
1432:Spain
1401:Dutch
1397:Anglo
1319:Kassa
1299:Zsibó
1185:Denia
1130:Elche
1050:Ceuta
1025:Cádiz
993:Gaeta
978:Milan
958:Pavia
948:Turin
913:Ivrea
843:Carpi
582:Arras
537:Ghent
507:Lille
487:Menin
467:Diest
397:Hulst
377:Venlo
172:Spain
2356:ISBN
2333:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2268:ISBN
2245:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2193:ISBN
2134:ISBN
2113:ASIN
2090:ISBN
1781:and
1669:and
1636:HMS
1610:and
1586:and
1543:and
1492:and
1430:and
1379:The
1289:Páta
1284:Raab
938:Nice
893:Arco
888:Nago
729:Rain
689:Bonn
679:Kehl
572:Aire
552:Mons
80:Off
68:Date
2161:doi
749:Ulm
497:Ath
2376::
2354:.
2350:.
2331:.
2327:.
2292:.
2288:.
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2262:.
2243:.
2239:.
2217:.
2213:.
2191:.
2187:.
2153:.
2132:.
2128:.
2111:.
2107:.
2088:.
2084:.
1955:^
1886:^
1799:^
1777:,
1773:,
1765:,
1761:,
1567:.
84:,
2364:.
2341:.
2318:.
2302:.
2276:.
2253:.
2227:.
2201:.
2167:.
2163::
2142:.
2119:.
2098:.
1991:.
1785:.
1407:-
1399:-
325:e
318:t
311:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
