268:
The
Bavarian model of control over the police and the newly established concentration camps by the SS became the blueprint for all of Germany. Within a short time, all German state police forces would be organized in the same way. This model was different from Prussia's. Prussia's state government
217:
on 9 March 1933. They split off the Munich police's political department into a separate entity, the
Bavarian Political Police (BPP). The Bavarian Political Police operated outside the framework of the law in the state. The new force experienced no significant staffing changes compared to the
257:, chief of Department IV, the political police. The Bavarian Political Police was given authority above all other police forces in the state and, from 10 April, was authorised to take people into protective custody. In addition, Himmler obtained control over the
272:
Staff from the
Bavarian Political Police was instrumental in assisting Himmler to take control of the complete German police force. Key members from Bavarian Political Police that would later rise to high ranks within the SS and the Gestapo were Heydrich,
308:
decreed police forces' unification in
Germany and named Himmler Chief of German Police, which had previously been controlled through state law. This move gave Himmler operational control over Germany's entire detective and political police.
303:
Eventually, Himmler would gain control of all the police in
Germany. On 10 February 1936, a law was passed, allowing the police to act completely independent of the law, free to arrest, deport, torture, and murder people. On 17 June 1936,
491:
296:, who denounced over 250 fellow communists to the BPP. From June 1933, this was expanded to non-Nazi members of the national- and state parliaments being arrested, as well as members of the
486:
320:
and was eventually dismissed in 1937 over the issue. Sepp, in turn, had succeeded Jakob Beck, who led the
Bavarian Political Police from April 1934 to February 1935, acting for Heydrich.
249:, appointed Himmler chief of the Munich Metropolitan Police. After the appointment became official by 1 April 1933, Himmler was given the BPP's overall command, with the title of
253:. Himmler was now subordinate if only nominally, under Wagner, and had command over all political police in the state. Himmler then appointed his second in command,
427:
789:
179:
Bavaria, Germany's second-largest state after
Prussia, and specifically its capital Munich was the breeding ground of the Nazis. It was Munich where the
456:
400:
316:, led by Walter Stepp, who had been in charge of the force since 1935. Sepp attempted to retain some independence from the Gestapo headquarters in
799:
784:
794:
705:
Buchheim, Hans (1968). "The SS – Instrument of
Domination". In Krausnik, Helmut; Buchheim, Hans; Broszat, Martin; Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf (eds.).
760:
738:
714:
695:
292:, with thousands of people being taken into protective custody. Instrumental in destroying communist resistance in Munich was the informer
261:, the ones already established, and the ones planned. The first major concentration camp, initially for political prisoners, was opened at
151:
in
Bavaria, the secret police during the Nazi era, and was predominantly engaged in the persecution of political opponents of the Nazis.
289:
197:
were published. For these reasons, the city was declared the "Capital of the movement" in 1935 and remained the spiritual capital of
218:
pre-Nazi era, with almost all previous staff being either retained or new staff coming from the existing
Bavarian police force.
210:
729:
648:
371:
274:
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804:
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in 1933, as local jails were soon at capacity because of the large number of arrests after the Nazis took power.
262:
258:
189:
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initially retained some control over these entities. Munich became the test site for the future Nazi terror.
562:
278:
522:
432:
246:
521:[From the Kingdom to the Weimar Republic and in the service of the Nazi state] (in German).
229:, which was formed on 26 April 1933. In the early stages, the two organisations were rivals, with
166:, Bavaria's capital, became the testing ground for the Nazi terror of the following twelve years.
518:
756:
734:
710:
691:
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254:
242:
230:
110:
323:
After integration into the Gestapo, the Bavarian branch was led by Walter Sepp (until 1937),
779:
724:
328:
234:
159:
105:
748:
132:
651:[The German police during the Nazi era] (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerungen
288:
In Bavaria, the political police at first only targeted communists and members of the
773:
324:
155:
154:
The combination of political police and concentration camps under the control of the
305:
238:
198:
184:
140:
396:
559:"Stichtag: 26. April 1933 - Die "Geheime Staatspolizei" (Gestapo) wird gegrĂĽndet"
558:
461:
194:
180:
293:
561:[Anniversary: 26 April 1922 - The Gestapo was formed] (in German).
226:
222:
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148:
144:
71:
496:
430:[How Munich became the breaking ground for the Nazi terror].
317:
163:
162:, within a short time, controlling all police forces in the country.
92:
519:"Vom Königreich zur Weimarer Republik und im Dienste des NS-Staates"
312:
The Bavarian Political Police, now part of the Gestapo, became the
688:
Foundations of the Nazi Police State: The Formation of Sipo and SD
492:
Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism
187:'s political career began. Munich was where the party newspaper,
457:"Nazi past lingers ambiguously in culture of Bavarian capital"
147:, active from 1933 to 1936. It served as a forerunner of the
158:
in Bavaria became the model for all of Nazi Germany, with
399:[National Socialism: Rise and rule] (in German).
428:"Wie München zur Brutstätte für den Nazi-Terror wurde"
213:
in Germany in January 1933, the Nazis took control in
314:
Geheime Staatspolizei Staatspolizeileitstelle MĂĽnchen
98:
88:
80:
64:
56:
42:
34:
29:
241:, acting Bavarian minister of the interior, under
421:
419:
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397:"Nationalsozialismus: Aufstieg und Herrschaft"
361:
359:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
755:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
649:"Die Deutsche Polizei im Nationalsozialismus"
8:
331:(1939–1942) and Oswald Schäfer (1942–1945).
221:The Bavarian Political Police pre-dated its
19:
201:even when Berlin was the political centre.
16:1930s police force in Bavaria, Nazi Germany
642:
640:
669:
607:
49:Political department of the Munich Police
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481:
479:
619:
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583:
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237:, the Bavarian unit. On 9 March 1933,
84:Political opponents of the Nazi regime
18:
647:Bollmann, Michael (29 October 2011).
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553:
551:
401:Bundeszentrale fĂĽr politische Bildung
390:
388:
251:"Politischer Polizeikommandeur Bayern
233:controlling the Prussian version and
7:
690:. The University Press of Kentucky.
426:BrĂĽning, Franziska (29 April 2015).
455:Scally, Derek (24 November 2014).
290:Social Democratic Party of Germany
139:), BPP, was a police force in the
14:
790:1936 disestablishments in Germany
709:. New York: Walker and Company.
368:"Schutzstaffel (SS), 1925-1945"
800:Organisations based in Bavaria
785:1933 establishments in Germany
395:Wildt, Michael (24 May 2012).
1:
795:Police forces of Nazi Germany
730:The Coming of the Third Reich
137:Bayerische Politische Polizei
25:Bayerische Politische Polizei
686:Browder, George C. (2004) .
372:Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
211:Adolf Hitler's rise to power
733:. New York: Penguin Group.
821:
129:Bavarian Political Police
24:
20:Bavarian Political Police
753:Heinrich Himmler: A Life
259:Nazi concentration camps
707:Anatomy of the SS State
487:"Max Troll (1902-1972)"
298:Bavarian People's Party
563:Westdeutscher Rundfunk
279:Josef Albert Meisinger
183:was founded and where
136:
523:Bavarian State Police
285:, and Edmund Trinkl.
190:Völkischer Beobachter
433:Sueddeutsche Zeitung
247:Franz Ritter von Epp
281:, Reinhard Flesch,
21:
586:, pp. 63, 64.
65:Superseding agency
762:978-0-19-959232-6
740:978-0-14-303469-8
725:Evans, Richard J.
716:978-0-00211-026-6
697:978-0-81319-111-9
598:, pp. 64–66.
499:. 27 January 2018
283:Franz Josef Huber
255:Reinhard Heydrich
225:counterpart, the
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111:Reinhard Heydrich
99:Agency executives
812:
805:Heinrich Himmler
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749:Longerich, Peter
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329:Erich Isselhorst
235:Heinrich Himmler
160:Heinrich Himmler
106:Heinrich Himmler
43:Preceding agency
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565:. 26 March 2013
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275:Heinrich MĂĽller
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193:, and Hitler's
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30:Agency overview
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5:
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672:, p. 204.
670:Longerich 2012
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636:
634:, p. 344.
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622:, p. 667.
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610:, p. 149.
608:Longerich 2012
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545:, p. 146.
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510:
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243:Reich Governor
231:Hermann Göring
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543:Buchheim 1968
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495:(in German).
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370:(in German).
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366:Hoser, Paul.
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327:(1937–1939),
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325:Lothar Beutel
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680:Bibliography
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653:. Retrieved
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620:Browder 2004
615:
603:
596:Browder 2004
591:
584:Browder 2004
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567:. Retrieved
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526:. Retrieved
513:
501:. Retrieved
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466:. Retrieved
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450:
438:. Retrieved
431:
404:. Retrieved
375:. Retrieved
322:
313:
311:
306:Adolf Hitler
302:
287:
271:
267:
250:
239:Adolf Wagner
220:
208:
205:Nazi Germany
199:Nazi Germany
188:
185:Adolf Hitler
178:
153:
128:
126:
118:Walter Stepp
89:Headquarters
81:Jurisdiction
462:Irish Times
436:(in German)
245:of Bavaria
774:Categories
655:21 October
632:Evans 2003
569:21 October
528:21 October
503:20 October
468:23 October
440:23 October
406:22 October
377:21 October
335:References
195:Mein Kampf
181:Nazi Party
175:Background
115:Jakob Beck
340:Citations
294:Max Troll
143:state of
57:Dissolved
751:(2012).
727:(2003).
223:Prussian
780:Gestapo
227:Gestapo
215:Bavaria
170:History
149:Gestapo
145:Bavaria
72:Gestapo
759:
737:
713:
694:
497:Munich
318:Berlin
263:Dachau
209:After
164:Munich
141:German
133:German
93:Munich
35:Formed
757:ISBN
735:ISBN
711:ISBN
692:ISBN
657:2018
571:2018
530:2018
505:2018
470:2018
442:2018
408:2018
379:2018
127:The
60:1936
38:1933
776::
639:^
550:^
489:.
478:^
459:.
416:^
387:^
348:^
300:.
277:,
156:SS
135::
765:.
743:.
719:.
700:.
659:.
573:.
532:.
507:.
472:.
444:.
410:.
381:.
131:(
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