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results in elevated concentrations of nutrients. Havana Bay is strongly affected by sewage dumping, and it also receives suspended solids, hydrocarbons, heavy metals and pollutants from agriculture, industry and port activities. The leading sources of pollution in the bay have been identified as the
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into which it flows. Water entering the bay as river flows or effluent from industrial processes has a residence in the harbor of 8 days, on average. It receives approximately 48,000 m3 of waste water per day, which carries about 4,800 kg of nitrogen and 1,200 kg of phosphorus, which
184:, the largest vessel to come out of an American shipyard, was dispatched to Cuba to protect US interests there. At the time more than 8,000 US citizens resided in the country, and their safety could not be assured in the state of affairs at that time. On February 15, 1898 the
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exploded and sank in the harbor. It became a major rallying call for the
Spanish–American War, and it caused the US to finally intercede on Cuba's behalf. In 1912 the wreck was removed from the harbor as it was posing a hazard to navigation. It was sunk in deep water in the
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which contains organic material, nutrients, sewage, solid waste, the Regla oil refinery, fish hatcheries, and port activities. The high concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other pollutants is of concern as the harbor is an important fishing port.
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capital. The importance of these fortifications was early recognized as
English, French, and Dutch sea marauders attacked the city in the 16th century. Later fortifications included the Fortaleza de San Carlos de la Cabaña, known as
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or Fort of Saint
Charles, built in the 18th-century on the elevated eastern side of the harbor entrance as the largest fortress complex in the Americas. The fort rises above the 200-foot (60 m) hilltop, beside
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It was fortified by the
Spaniards in the sixteenth century who in 1553 transferred the governor's residence to Havana from Santiago de Cuba on the eastern end of the island, thus making Havana the
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on
Ensenada de Marimelena is a commercial and industrial suburb with the Galainela shipyard, ENA drydock, until recently operated as a joint venture with Curacao CDM, and the Navy's shipyard at
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As a harbor almost completely surrounded by shipping and industrial activities, the waters of the bay suffer from environmental stress. This in turn affects the water quality of the
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The harbor was created from the natural Havana Bay. It is entered through a narrow inlet and divides into three main harbors: Marimelena, Guanabacoa, and Atarés.
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Havana Harbor has the distinction of having the first recorded shark attack, which occurred in 1749 to
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The harbor in Old Havana offers cruise ship terminals, shipping and vessel repair services operated by
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411:"Integrated Management of Bays and Coastal Zones in the Wider Caribbean Region: Facts and Needs"
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On March 4, 1960, the harbor was the scene of a deadly explosion when the French freighter
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Panoramic view of the right side of the entrance canal to Havana Harbor. At the left, the
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Proceedings: International
Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium
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Web
Archives, "Effects of the Press on Spanish–American Relations in 1898"
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was a two-month siege of the harbor defenses by the
British in 1762.
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30:"Havana Bay" redirects here. For the novel by Martin Cruz Smith, see
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Havana Bay and Harbor, around which the City of Havana is situated.
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One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958-1964
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refinery; and flour and wheat mills and aviation fuel depots.
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424:(ITMEMS), November 1998, Townsville Australia, pp. 192-205
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in Havana Harbor in 1898 was the immediate cause of the
386:, New York: 1998, W.W. Nort & Company, Inc., p. 40.
420:, in I. Dight, R. Kenchington and J. Baldwin (eds).
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382:Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy J. Naftali.
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87:The waters of Havana Harbor, showing
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689:José Martí Anti-Imperialist Platform
310:Fortaleza de San Carlos de la Cabaña
306:Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro
262:Least developed of the harbor arms.
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435:"In Cuba, a hard river to clean"
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221:First recorded shark attack
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308:, and at the right, the
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614:Royal Bank of Canada
441:, September 25, 2007
342:Spanish–American War
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156:Spanish–American War
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433:Michael Martinez,
416:2011-09-27 at the
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903:Havana Tunnel
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872:Hotel Sevilla
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664:Entertainment
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396:Shipyard data
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280:Caribbean Sea
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46:Havana Harbor
39:
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19:
18:Bay of Havana
1824:Bays of Cuba
1783:23°7′58.87″N
1776:
1738:
1403:Habana Vieja
1296:
1226:
1091:Teatro Tacón
1076:Teatro Martí
802:Hotel Pasaje
745:Sloppy Joe's
684:Club Náutico
563:Morro Castle
517:El Capitolio
438:
429:
421:
391:
383:
378:
367:
356:
337:
326:
285:Luyano River
277:
269:
261:
242:The town or
241:
227:Brook Watson
224:
215:Fidel Castro
204:
202:
197:
185:
180:
176:
150:
146:
133:
123:
107:Morro Castle
94:
74:
45:
44:
1798: /
1533:Plaza Vieja
1412:Punta Brava
1210:El Templete
867:Hotel Plaza
458:Cuba portal
1813:Categories
1744:Lighthouse
1599:Cemeteries
1450:Casablanca
1375:Guanabacoa
1345:Cayo Hueso
1248:Sculptures
510:Government
331:Old Havana
318:References
248:Casablanca
233:Facilities
119:Old Havana
89:Old Havana
66:Manzanillo
58:Cienfuegos
1750:Airports
1704:(defunct)
1369:La Víbora
1332:Calabazar
1203:Memorials
1196:Monuments
1100:Transport
953:Religious
759:Hospitals
735:Floridita
623:Education
548:La Cabaña
503:Buildings
497:landmarks
361:The Maine
206:La Coubre
198:La Coubre
102:La Cabaña
91:at night.
1686:MetroBus
1679:Networks
1578:Urbanism
1554:La Rampa
1460:Diezmero
1440:Santa Fe
1380:Marianao
1229:monument
1039:Theatres
414:Archived
345:Archived
97:de facto
62:Matanzas
1701:Tramway
1559:Malecón
1542:Streets
1432:Miramar
1408:La Lisa
1397:Guanabo
1393:Cojímar
1360:Cotorro
1328:Boyeros
1285:Natural
917:Museums
79:History
1739:Harbor
1672:Havana
1623:closed
1422:Vedado
1389:Alamar
795:Hotels
495:Havana
68:, and
50:Havana
1446:Regla
1428:Playa
1355:Cerro
1340:Wajay
1278:Areas
1227:Maine
602:Banks
252:Shell
244:Regla
186:Maine
181:Maine
151:Maine
134:Maine
1438:and
1395:and
1338:and
1225:USS
1051:Gaia
179:USS
132:USS
124:The
113:and
54:Cuba
1670:in
211:CIA
1815::
1434:,
1391:,
1334:,
437:,
402:^
229:.
217:.
158:.
121:.
109:.
72:.
64:,
60:,
1697:)
1693:(
1660:e
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1367:(
1330:(
487:e
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312:.
34:.
20:)
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