800:
520:
1017:
645:, and very intimate friends were received there. The 14th century was also the time when feather beds became highly prized possessions. Beds in aristocratic residences can be distinguished by enclosed curtains, these beds would have mattresses and pillows that were filled with feathers. Sheets were made of linen and blankets of wool. Rails attached to the beds would be for hanging clothes or to hold candles. In less wealthy houses, the bed would be made of three planks and a mattress made of dried heather or fern, they would sleep with a single sheet and an old blanket.
586:
40:
237:
969:
689:
2860:
170:
1005:
908:
302:
2305:
2870:
825:
398:, when custom demanded luxury. Small cushions were placed at the head and sometimes at the back. The bedsteads were high and could only be ascended by the help of steps. They were often arranged for two people, and had a board or railing at the back, as well as the raised portion at the head. The counterpanes were sometimes very costly, generally
1372:, also called bed steads, are made of wood or metal. The frame is made up of head, foot, and side rails. For heavy duty or larger frames (such as for queen- and king-sized beds), the bed frame also includes a center support rail. The rails are assembled to create a box for the mattress or mattress/box spring to sit on.
1431:, can be added to the sides of a bed (normally a child or elderly person's bed) to stop anyone falling out of the sides of the bed. A safety rail is normally a piece of wood that attaches to the side rails, on one or both sides of the bed. They are made so that they can be easily removed when no longer required.
1033:
separate mattresses and adjustment mechanisms. This permits one partner to be lying flat to sleep while the other has the head and shoulders elevated to watch television or read. Couple adjustable beds also permit partners with different medical conditions to select a mattress positioning that best suits them.
1347:-early 1980s) motel. For a nominal fee, the mattress vibrates for a duration of time. Alternatively it is a modern bed which vibrates by use of an off-centre motor. It is controlled by electronics for varying time and amplitude settings and is used therapeutically to ease back pains or as an erotic aid.
1418:
Plate-and-hook fastener. Instead of pins inserted horizontally into the bedpost, an eye plate (post plate) is installed on the bedpost. The hooks are installed on the rail, either as surface mount or recessed. Depending on the hardware, the bedpost may require a mortise in order to allow the hooks to
648:
In the 15th century beds became very large, reaching 7 to 8 feet (2.1 to 2.4 m) by 6 to 7 feet (1.8 to 2.1 m). The mattresses were often filled with pea-shucks, straw, or feathers. At this time great personages were in the habit of carrying most of their property about with them, including
1414:
or slot is cut vertically in the bedpost. Pins are inserted horizontally in the bed post so that the pins perpendicularly intersect the mortise. For example, if one looked in the mortise, one might see part of one horizontal pin at the bottom of the mortise and a part of a second pin toward the top
1405:
Bed rails are made of wood or metal and are attached to a headboard and footboard. Wooden slats are placed perpendicular to the bed rails to support the mattress/mattress box spring. Bed rails and frames are often attached to the bed post using knock-down fittings. A knock-down fitting enables the
1192:, but increasingly in other settings, such as a private residence. Hospital beds are typically adjustable, so that the head or feet can be raised or lowered. Modern hospital beds commonly have wheels to assist in moderate relocation, but they are larger and generally more permanently placed than a
1032:
is a bed that can be adjusted to a number of different positions. Most hospital beds are adjustable, so that a patient can have different parts of their body elevated for medical reasons. Some people have adjustable beds in private homes. Some adjustable beds are designed for couples; they use two
876:
had a bed made of dark wood ornamented with 290 kilograms (640 lb) of sterling silver. At each corner of the bed there was a life-sized bronze statue of a naked woman holding a fan. When the Nawab lay on the bed, his weight started a mechanism that made the women wave their fans and started a
609:
show metal bedsteads much higher at the head than at the feet, and this shape continued in use until the 13th century in France, many cushions being added to raise the body to a sloping position. In 12th-century manuscripts, the bedsteads appear much richer, with inlays, carving, and painting, and
1422:
Bed bolts ("through-bolts"), are a different means of a knock-down connection. A hole is typically drilled through the bedpost. The bolt head is inset and covered with a plug. In the rail, a dowel nut or other type of nut receives the bolt. The springs are made from metal, which are swirled for
766:—in fact in any circumstances which were thought deserving of congratulation or condolence. During the 17th century this curious custom became general, perhaps to avoid the tiresome details of etiquette. Portable beds were used in high society in France until the end of the
641:) made its first appearance, the bed being slung from the ceiling or fastened to the walls, a form which developed later into a room within a room, shut in by double curtains, sometimes even to exclude all drafts. The space between the bed and the wall was called the
1147:
is a traditional style of
Japanese bed using a mattress on a wooden frame. Futons are also available in a larger Western style which can fold halfway for sitting. Futons were traditionally made with cotton, but in the 2000s, many futons include synthetic
1862:
653:, and for this reason the bedsteads were for the most part mere frameworks to be covered up; but about the beginning of the 16th century bedsteads were made lighter and more decorative, since the lords remained in the same place for longer periods.
990:
597:
In the 12th century, luxury increased and bedsteads were made of wood much decorated with inlaid, carved, and painted ornamentation. They also used folding beds, which served as couches by day and had cushions covered with silk laid upon
1040:
uses an air-inflated mattress, sometimes connected to an electric air pump and having variable, firmness controls. The portable version of an air bed can also be rolled up and packed; so is meant for travel or temporary guest
1593:
Wadley, Lyn; Esteban, Irene; Peña, Paloma de la; Wojcieszak, Marine; Stratford, Dominic; Lennox, Sandra; d'Errico, Francesco; Rosso, Daniela
Eugenia; Orange, François; Backwell, Lucinda; Sievers, Christine (14 August 2020).
1055:
is a bed having the form of a large box with wooden roof, sides, and ends, opening in front with two sliding panels or shutters; often used in cottages in
Scotland: sometimes also applied to a bed arranged to fold up into a
699:
In the 18th century feather pillows were first used as coverings in
Germany, which in the fashions of the bed and the curious etiquette connected with the bedchamber followed France for the most part. The beds were
185:, and stacked, softest topmost. This pile of mattresses, and the sheets, blanket, and pillows, was what early Europeans called a "bed"; it might be packed away during the day (a usage which survives in words like
1415:
of the mortise. Hooks are installed at the end of the rail. Usually these hooks are part of a plate that is attached to the rail. The hooks then are inserted into the bed post mortise and hook over the pins.
1328:
or "truckle bed" is a bed usually stored beneath another bed during the day. They have been in use for centuries. In the modern era they are sometimes referred to as a "sleepover bed" or "daybed with pop up
1834:
1953:
2127:
1257:(in the UK) is a type of storage bed in which the storage area is placed underneath the mattress base and accessed by lifting the hinged mattress frame with the help of a spring or hydraulic mechanism.
98:, to small beds for a single person or adult, to large queen and king-size beds designed for two people. While most beds are single mattresses on a fixed frame, there are other varieties, such as the
1893:
1196:. The "hospital bed" is also a common unit of measurement for the capacity of any type of inpatient medical facility, though it is just as common to shorten the term to "bed" in that usage (e.g.
444:, or table bed, on which they ate—for they ate while lying on their left sides—there usually being three people to one bed, with the middle place accounted the most honorable position
137:
for resting against, and may have side rails and footboards. "Headboard only" beds may incorporate a "dust ruffle", "bed skirt", or "valance sheet" to hide the bed frame. To support the head, a
1070:
is two or more beds one atop the other. Bunk beds are used for adults in military barracks and in some ski lodges. Bunk beds are used for children and teens in summer camps. Some inexpensive
90:, which is a large mattress-sized box containing wood and springs that provide additional support and suspension for the mattress. Beds are available in many sizes, ranging from infant-sized
488:
to hang around. The elite of
Egyptian society such as its pharaohs and queens even had beds made of wood, sometimes gilded. Often there was a head-rest as well, semi-cylindrical and made of
787:
which sometimes infested wooden bedsteads. Elsewhere, there was also the closed bed with sliding or folding shutters, and in
England—where beds were commonly quite simple in form—the
1938:
1708:
799:
325:
Beds found in a preserved northern
Scottish village, which were raised boxes made of stone and likely topped with comfortable fillers, were dated to between 3200 BC and 2200 BC.
2150:
2008:
1278:
for either free or a nominal fee per night, where more people than expected may need to sleep in the same room, e.g. 5 people in a hotel room for 4 (two twin beds).
263:, lasting from twenty-three to five million years ago, before the emergence of humans, apes began creating beds composed of a sleeping platform including a wooden
2117:
1063:
has a frame constructed from brass. A brass-plated bed is a cheaper bed of iron with a thin covering of brass, which with time peels off and the iron is exposed.
1095:(also "cot", in American English) is a simple, temporary, portable bed used by armies and by campers. Camp beds are also used to provide a sleeping surface for
2279:
3221:
2094:
1274:
A roll-away bed is a bed whose frame folds in half and rolls in order to be more easily stored and moved. This is used in different settings, including
673:
had an enormous number of sumptuous beds, as many as 413 being described in the inventories of his palaces. Some of them had embroideries enriched with
224:
and ash layers, sometimes due to burned older grass beddings, found beneath the bedding have been used for a dirt-free, insulated base and to keep away
519:
1571:
2249:
2179:
1980:
1680:
468:
The Greeks and Romans were also having their meals in bed. They would recline on one side and reach out to pick up food from a nearby table.
3183:
1934:
1114:, but the posts usually extend higher and are adorned or draped with cloth, sometimes completely enclosing the bed. Examples include the
1088:(also known as a "captain bed", "chest bed", or "cabin bed") is a platform bed with drawers and storage compartments built in underneath.
1716:
1686:
1986:
1808:
2209:
2154:
720:
being seated, the great officials standing, and the lesser officials kneeling, was held to denote the royal power even more than the
2337:
2231:
2074:
2012:
955:
1419:
fasten to the plate. This is also referred to as a keyhole fastener, especially if the connector is more of a "plug" than a "hook".
1173:
in response to the needs of apartment-dwellers, folds up into another piece of furniture, such as a shelf or desk, when not in use.
1541:
3061:
3056:
3028:
1647:
1394: – a heavy-duty frame built specifically to support the weight of the water in the mattress. (Mainly used on larger models)
114:, which provides two mattresses on two tiers as well as a ladder to access the upper tier. Temporary beds include the inflatable
3173:
406:; and rich hangings fell to the ground masking the front. The bedsteads themselves were often of bronze inlaid with silver, and
3216:
3147:
2906:
1081:
is similar to a bunk bed, except there is no lower bunk. This leaves space underneath for storage, other furniture, a desk etc.
933:
1499:
617:
In the 14th century the woodwork became of less importance, generally being entirely covered by hangings of rich materials.
1741:
Wadley, Lyn; Sievers, Christine; Bamford, Marion; Goldberg, Paul; Berna, Francesco; Miller, Christopher (9 December 2011).
3488:
3296:
3158:
2692:
1908:
221:
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590:
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1016:
3301:
2037:
840:, made in about 1580. It is 3.26 metres (10.7 ft) wide, 3.38 metres (11.1 ft) long. The bed is mentioned by
1140:
that is used as a seat by day and as a bed by night. Usually it has pop up trundle which is used as bed in the night.
918:
669:
and curtains only at the head, replaced the more enclosed beds in France, though they lasted much longer in
England.
161:. Bedding is the removable non-furniture portion of a bed, which enables these components to be washed or aired out.
2064:
1523:
Dictionnaire de l'ameublement et de la décoration depuis le XIIIe siècle jusqu'à nos jours, Havard, Henry, 1838-1921
3163:
1473:
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804:
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were frequently used. Inventories from the beginning of the 14th century give details of these hangings lined with
3111:
1888:
1398:
Although not truly parts of a bed frame, headboards, footboards, and bed rails can be included in the definition.
937:
922:
3379:
3188:
3136:
2275:
1271:
is a mattress resting on a solid, flat raised surface, either free-standing or part of the structure of the room.
3613:
2936:
2090:
1285:
has a wooden frame within which crossing ropes, which may support a straw- or down-filled single mattress. See
1243:
A mourning bed ("illustration") is a formal canopied bed, with the deceased, a wax effigy, or symbols of rank.
816:
Bed sizes vary considerably around the world, with most countries having their own standards and terminology.
110:, which is stored under a low, twin-sized bed and can be rolled out to create a larger sleeping area, and the
39:
3476:
3257:
3066:
681:
had crimson velvet curtains on which "The
Triumph of Venus" was embroidered. So much gold was used that the
68:
44:
610:
with embroidered coverlets and mattresses in harmony. Curtains were hung above the bed and a small hanging
3572:
3121:
2956:
873:
602:. At night a linen sheet was spread and pillows placed, while silk-covered skins served as coverlets. The
1563:
3394:
3126:
2563:
2330:
1399:
508:
had beds of a similar kind, and frequently decorated their furniture with inlays or appliques of metal,
432:
134:
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236:
3548:
1754:
1607:
978:
929:
751:
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31:
1402:
and footboards can be wood or metal. They can be stained, painted, or covered in fabric or leather.
141:
made of a soft, padded material is usually placed on the top of the mattress. Some form of covering
3603:
3543:
3533:
2999:
2899:
2873:
2616:
2183:
1406:
bed to be easily dismantled for removal. Primary knock-down fittings for bed rails are as follows:
1354:
is a flexible plastic mattress full of water. The plastic container needs a strong frame around it.
870:
776:. They had curtains over a light framework, and were in their way as fine as the stationary beds.
688:
259:). An important change was raising them off the ground, to avoid drafts, dirt, and pests. In the
3553:
3306:
3206:
3071:
2777:
2606:
2066:
The Time
Traveller's Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century
1854:
1786:
1639:
1261:
289:
217:
2440:
1955:
The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information
1672:
The President and the Assassin: McKinley, Terror, and Empire at the Dawn of the American Century
243:'s gilded bed from the 14th century BC, a bier from his tomb, fashioned to resemble the goddess
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2799:
2122:
2070:
1976:
1778:
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1631:
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1411:
1388:– has drawers beneath the frame to make use of the space between the floor and the bed frame.
968:
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555:
1670:
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2744:
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2323:
1970:
1884:
1846:
1762:
1615:
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1085:
773:
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746:, whom it was desired to honour, were received in a more intimate fashion than the crowd of
127:
64:
1804:
3429:
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3041:
2946:
2739:
2702:
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1152:
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731:
704:, but in France itself there was great variety both of name and shape. The custom of the "
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535:
509:
399:
2235:
1596:"Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa"
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1611:
661:
In the 17th century, which has been called "the century of magnificent beds", the style
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1743:"Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa"
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247:, the fierce lioness who was the protector of the kings in life and death, Cairo Museum
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414:
bed niches are found which were probably closed by curtains or sliding partitions.
379:
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are thought to have held bedding. The stone-built settlement was inhabited between
255:
or some other natural material (e.g. a heap of palm leaves, animal skins, or dried
182:
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115:
216:
In August 2020 scientists reported the discovery of the oldest grass bedding from
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In Europe, mattresses were stuffed with straw, chaff, animal hair (for instance
107:
1912:
1564:"The oldest known grass beds from 200,000 years ago included insect repellents"
1074:
provide bunk beds for guests. Bunk beds are used for children in private homes.
570:, and used skins as a covering. Curtains were hung from the ceiling or from an
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is a piece of suspended fabric or netting, used on ships and in some homes.
989:
220:, much older than the oldest previously known bedding. They speculate that
193:, even when present, supported the bed, but was not considered part of it.
122:. Some beds contain neither a padded mattress nor a bed frame, such as the
1250:
or wallbed is a bed that can fold up into a wall or cabinet to save space.
888:
was available, which could provide home entertainment while saving space.
730:
is credited with its first use and the custom lasted until the end of the
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1835:"Odysseus and His Bed: From Significant Objects to Thing Theory in Homer"
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1303:("pull-out" or "pull-out bed") is a folding bed that is stored inside a
824:
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was the usual citizen's bed until the middle of the 19th century.
754:
women received their friends in their beds, both before and after
687:
584:
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518:
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had high bedsteads which were ascended by steps, with bolsters or
366:
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60:
1314:
developed in Early Modern Europe from a hieratic canopy of state.
574:
arm projecting from the wall. They appear to have generally lain
431:, the marriage bed, it was much decorated, and was placed in the
345:, and explains that he crafted the bed for himself and his wife,
1229:
is a Chinese ceramic room heater used as the platform for a bed.
1208:
743:
738:, where the ceremonial bed was placed, certain persons, such as
626:
618:
571:
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558:
against the wall, placed upon them were mattresses stuffed with
493:
462:
436:
403:
387:
358:
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1340:
bed) is typically a coin-operated novelty found in a vintage (
901:
630:
524:
383:
197:
made bedframes more portable, and increased their importance.
1155:
is a bed with four posts, one in each corner, that support a
677:, and figures on a silver or golden ground. The great bed at
357:, also mentions the inlaying of the woodwork of the bed with
2151:"Decorative Arts: Convertible Bed in Form of Upright Piano"
1894:
Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
1307:. Sofa beds are also called "convertibles" and "hideaways."
1222:, developed in the 1850s, is constructed of iron and steel.
772:. The earliest of which mention has been found belonged to
2315:
1897:(1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al. p. 94.
1709:"Chimpanzees Make Beds That Offer Them Best Night's Sleep"
86:, often wood slats, or a sprung base. Many beds include a
1012:) for abbess Franziska Christine von Pfalz-Sulzbach, 1776
2118:"India's royal riches: The maharajas' opulent lifestyle"
410:
had one of solid silver. In the walls of some houses at
353:
trunk that used to grow on the spot. The poem's author,
1207:(also "crib" or "cot") is a small bed specifically for
1534:"200,000 years ago, humans preferred to sleep in beds"
418:
had various kinds of beds for repose. These included:
2252:. home-improvement-and-financing.com. Archived from
27:
Piece of furniture used as a place to sleep or relax
3407:
3367:
3315:
3245:
3197:
3145:
3087:
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2030:
1911:. History of Science and Technology. Archived from
1240:bed made of tied ropes bordered by a wooden frame.
275:Bedding dated around to 3600 BC was discovered in
1103:people during disasters, floods, or other crises.
803:A 10 feet (3.0 m) high ancient bed at the
582:sheets which were stretched over the cushions.
1129:A curtained bed is a luxury bed with curtains.
74:Most modern beds consist of a soft, cushioned
2900:
2331:
2093:. Victoria and Albert Museum. 21 March 1879.
1382: – typically used without a box spring.
884:In 1865, a convertible bed in the form of an
633:and richly embroidered. It was then that the
145:is often used to insulate the sleeper, often
8:
1828:
1826:
836:One of the largest beds in the world is the
181:, used for its resilience), coarse wool, or
936:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3222:Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
3024:
2907:
2893:
2885:
2338:
2324:
2316:
2069:. London: Vintage. pp. 160–161, 165.
779:Iron beds appear in the 18th century; the
251:Early beds were little more than piles of
2009:"Headrest with Two Images of the God Bes"
1736:
1734:
956:Learn how and when to remove this message
1519:
1517:
461:, on which the dead were carried to the
341:, describes the bed of its protagonist,
279:, South Africa. The bedding consists of
38:
1935:"13 facts about the history of the bed"
1461:
1180:is specifically designed to facilitate
82:. The mattress rests either on a solid
1865:from the original on 29 September 2022
1296:bed with wooden slats for the bedbase.
1008:Drawing of a candle-lit mourning bed (
832:, one of the largest beds in the world
2282:from the original on 16 November 2018
2234:. whitechapel-ltd.com. Archived from
2040:. furniturestyles.net. Archived from
2038:"Medieval Furniture & Home Decor"
1650:from the original on 6 September 2020
578:in bed, wrapping themselves in large
425:, or chamber bed, for normal sleeping
7:
2869:
934:adding citations to reliable sources
858:. Another bed in the V&A is the
523:Headrest with two images of the god
1969:Smardzewski, Jerzy (18 June 2015).
1811:from the original on 19 August 2010
1574:from the original on 18 August 2020
1544:from the original on 19 August 2020
1048:is a bed specifically for newborns.
126:. Other beds are made specifically
1941:from the original on 13 July 2019.
1833:Grethlein, Jonas (12 March 2020).
1502:from the original on 27 March 2019
1321:is a small bed for young children.
1024:There are many varieties of beds:
877:music box playing selections from
25:
2212:from the original on 7 April 2014
2130:from the original on 30 July 2017
2116:Independent (24 September 2015).
2097:from the original on 29 June 2013
1675:. Random House Publishing Group.
1472:. The Free Dictionary By Farlex.
394:were used towards the end of the
106:, which folds out of a sofa, the
3062:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
3057:Central hypoventilation syndrome
2868:
2859:
2858:
2303:
2232:"Historical Guide: Bed Hardware"
1989:from the original on 3 June 2022
1689:from the original on 3 June 2022
1476:from the original on 27 May 2019
1264:is a thin, lightweight mattress.
906:
712:reclined when he was present in
3217:Periodic limb movement disorder
3184:Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
1715:. 18 April 2014. Archived from
102:, which folds into a wall, the
1669:Miller, Scott (14 June 2011).
783:declare them as free from the
157:, collectively referred to as
1:
3489:Biphasic and polyphasic sleep
3297:Nocturnal clitoral tumescence
3159:Advanced sleep phase disorder
1341:
874:Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abassi IV
695:'s bed (château de Compiègne)
528:
318:
310:
3169:Delayed sleep phase disorder
3097:Excessive daytime sleepiness
1805:"Skara Brae – The Furniture"
1198:The hospital has 250 beds...
1169:A hideaway bed, invented by
996:, on 14 July 1885 issued to
402:embroidered with figures in
88:box spring inner-sprung base
3302:Nocturnal penile tumescence
3174:Irregular sleep–wake rhythm
2250:"Bed Rail Fastener Options"
2182:. getty.edu. Archived from
59:that is used as a place to
3630:
3164:Cyclic alternating pattern
2693:Hudson's Bay point blanket
2180:"Bed (Lit Ă la Polonaise)"
1958:. At the University Press.
1362:
895:
852:Victoria and Albert Museum
809:
805:Bangladesh National Museum
762:, and even directly after
287:topped with the leaves of
218:at least 200,000 years ago
204:
29:
3380:Behavioral sleep medicine
3189:Shift work sleep disorder
3137:Sleep state misperception
2854:
1851:10.1017/S0009838820000063
1410:Pin-and-hook fastener. A
591:Medieval Merchant's House
2937:Rapid eye movement (REM)
1713:National Geographic News
1386:captain or storage
3258:Exploding head syndrome
3067:Obstructive sleep apnea
1952:Chisholm, Hugh (1910).
1839:The Classical Quarterly
1767:10.1126/science.1213317
1620:10.1126/science.abc7239
222:insect-repellent plants
45:Detmold Open-air Museum
3573:Sleeping while on duty
3122:Idiopathic hypersomnia
2308:Quotations related to
2063:Mortimer, Ian (2009).
1021:
1013:
1001:
986:
833:
807:
696:
594:
538:
322:
248:
174:
48:
3395:Neuroscience of sleep
3127:Night eating syndrome
3112:Kleine–Levin syndrome
1184:, traditionally in a
1019:
1007:
992:
971:
827:
802:
691:
588:
554:on the floor or on a
522:
500:. Ancient Assyrians,
305:These stone boxes in
304:
239:
172:
42:
3549:Sleep and creativity
2278:. sleepcompare.com.
1194:trolley (US: gurney)
977:(Polish style bed),
930:improve this section
758:, during periods of
625:, and even cloth of
448:lectus lucubratorius
442:lectus discubitorius
32:Bed (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
3544:Sleep and breathing
3000:Sensorimotor rhythm
2617:Orthopedic mattress
2044:on 27 November 2010
1759:2011Sci...334.1388W
1753:(6061): 1388–1391.
1612:2020Sci...369..863W
1498:. Merriam-Webster.
871:Nawab of Bahawalpur
850:. It is now in the
3554:Sleep and learning
3307:Nocturnal emission
3207:Nightmare disorder
3072:Periodic breathing
2778:Contour leg pillow
2763:Acupressure pillow
2607:Mattress protector
2276:"Bed Safety Rails"
2208:. Dictionary.com.
2157:on 28 October 2011
1719:on 22 October 2018
1570:. 13 August 2020.
1117:lit Ă la polonaise
1022:
1020:Chinese style beds
1014:
1002:
987:
974:Lit Ă la polonaise
834:
808:
697:
685:scarcely showed.
595:
539:
423:lectus cubicularis
378:were stuffed with
323:
290:Cryptocarya woodii
271:Sub-Saharan Africa
249:
175:
49:
3586:
3585:
3564:Sleep deprivation
3403:
3402:
2882:
2881:
2800:Orthopedic pillow
2238:on 12 March 2006.
2149:Brooklyn Museum.
2123:Independent.co.uk
1982:978-3-319-19533-9
1885:Chambers, Ephraim
1807:. orkneyjar.com.
1682:978-0-679-60498-3
1606:(6505): 863–866.
1427:Safety rails, or
1336:(also known as a
1236:is a traditional
1000:for a cabinet bed
966:
965:
958:
838:Great Bed of Ware
830:Great Bed of Ware
736:chambre de parade
708:" upon which the
637:(also known as a
195:Later innovations
16:(Redirected from
3621:
3559:Sleep and memory
3499:Circadian rhythm
3246:Benign phenomena
3148:Circadian rhythm
3025:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2745:Weighted blanket
2725:Security blanket
2688:Electric blanket
2340:
2333:
2326:
2317:
2307:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2256:on 15 April 2017
2246:
2240:
2239:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2153:. Archived from
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2091:"The Golden Bed"
2087:
2081:
2080:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2011:. Archived from
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1972:Furniture Design
1966:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1915:on 24 April 2015
1905:
1899:
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1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1466:
1346:
1343:
1292:A slat bed is a
1190:nursing facility
1110:is similar to a
961:
954:
950:
947:
941:
910:
902:
820:Notable examples
774:Charles the Bold
614:is often shown.
542:Medieval history
533:
530:
349:, out of a huge
320:
312:
133:Beds may have a
118:and the folding
21:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3614:Human sexuality
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3477:Procrastination
3430:Four-poster bed
3399:
3363:
3357:Polysomnography
3335:Sleep induction
3311:
3282:Sleep paralysis
3241:
3193:
3152:
3149:
3141:
3083:
3042:Mouth breathing
3020:Sleep disorders
3014:
2951:
2942:Quiescent sleep
2922:
2920:sleep disorders
2913:
2883:
2878:
2850:
2819:
2749:
2740:Sleeved blanket
2703:Patchwork quilt
2654:
2626:
2568:
2527:
2501:
2495:
2441:Lit Ă la Turque
2412:Four-poster bed
2358:
2349:
2344:
2300:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2206:"Captain's bed"
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2186:on 1 March 2009
2178:
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2028:
2018:
2016:
2015:on 14 July 2014
2007:
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1437:
1423:maximum comfort
1375:Types include:
1367:
1361:
1344:
1153:four poster bed
1123:lit a la turque
1112:four poster bed
994:Patent #322,177
985:, 18th century.
962:
951:
945:
942:
927:
911:
900:
894:
822:
814:
797:
659:
635:Four poster bed
544:
536:Brooklyn Museum
531:
510:mother-of-pearl
474:
455:lectus funebris
429:lectus genialis
299:
273:
234:
232:Ancient history
214:
209:
203:
173:Modern day beds
167:
43:Bedroom on the
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Comfort object
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3469:
3464:
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3453:
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3409:
3405:
3404:
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3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Sleep medicine
3371:
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3361:
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2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2810:Speaker pillow
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
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2732:
2730:Silk comforter
2727:
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2532:Bed components
2529:
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2299:
2298:External links
2296:
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2197:
2168:
2141:
2108:
2082:
2075:
2055:
2026:
2000:
1981:
1961:
1944:
1926:
1900:
1887:, ed. (1728).
1876:
1845:(2): 467–482.
1822:
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1389:
1383:
1363:Main article:
1360:
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1297:
1290:
1279:
1272:
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1258:
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1241:
1230:
1227:kang bed-stove
1223:
1216:
1201:
1174:
1171:Sarah E. Goode
1167:
1160:
1149:
1141:
1130:
1127:
1104:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1064:
1057:
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1042:
1034:
1030:adjustable bed
998:Sarah E. Goode
964:
963:
914:
912:
905:
893:
890:
879:Gounod's Faust
864:William Burges
821:
818:
810:Main article:
796:
793:
781:advertisements
710:king of France
706:bed of justice
658:
657:Modern history
655:
543:
540:
473:
470:
466:
465:
451:
450:, for studying
445:
439:
426:
416:Ancient Romans
298:
295:
285:monocotyledons
272:
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261:Miocene period
233:
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55:is an item of
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3330:Sleep hygiene
3328:
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3287:Sleep inertia
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3237:Sleep-talking
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3232:Sleep driving
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3005:Sleep spindle
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2824:Related items
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1338:Magic Fingers
1335:
1334:vibrating bed
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1182:convalescence
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1086:captain's bed
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924:
920:
915:This section
913:
909:
904:
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899:
898:Category:Beds
891:
889:
887:
886:upright piano
882:
880:
875:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
854:(V&A) in
853:
849:
848:
847:Twelfth Night
843:
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813:
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769:Ancien RĂ©gime
765:
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745:
741:
737:
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729:
725:
723:
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715:
711:
707:
703:
702:a la duchesse
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663:Ă la duchesse
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546:In the early
541:
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435:opposite the
434:
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373:Ancient Roman
370:
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344:
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337:
336:ancient Greek
333:
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183:down feathers
180:
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58:
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46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3450:Sleeping bag
3414:
3227:Sleepwalking
3212:Night terror
2929:sleep cycles
2846:Blanket fort
2815:Throw pillow
2787:
2735:Sleeping bag
2717:
2645:Bunkie board
2602:Mattress pad
2582:Air mattress
2513:Cradle (bed)
2471:Platform bed
2463:
2451:
2439:
2432:
2427:Hospital bed
2369:
2355:
2312:at Wikiquote
2284:. Retrieved
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2254:the original
2244:
2236:the original
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2184:the original
2176:(in English)
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2155:the original
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2121:
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2085:
2065:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2042:the original
2017:. Retrieved
2013:the original
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1975:. Springer.
1971:
1964:
1954:
1947:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1913:the original
1903:
1892:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1842:
1838:
1815:10 September
1813:. Retrieved
1799:
1750:
1746:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:the original
1712:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1671:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1603:
1599:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1568:Science News
1567:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1504:. Retrieved
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1464:
1451:Sleeping bag
1426:
1404:
1397:
1374:
1368:
1345: 1960s
1337:
1269:platform bed
1197:
1178:hospital bed
1121:
1115:
1023:
1010:TrauergerĂĽst
1009:
979:Royal Castle
972:
952:
943:
928:Please help
916:
883:
868:
845:
835:
815:
778:
767:
735:
726:
701:
698:
662:
660:
651:bed hangings
647:
642:
638:
616:
596:
589:Southampton
545:
475:
467:
458:
454:
447:
441:
428:
422:
371:
329:
327:
324:
288:
274:
250:
215:
176:
132:
116:air mattress
73:
52:
50:
36:
3534:Second wind
3509:Dream diary
3385:Sleep study
3325:Sleep diary
3277:Hypnopompia
3272:Sleep onset
3263:Hypnic jerk
3102:Hypersomnia
3052:Catathrenia
3047:Sleep apnea
2957:Brain waves
2927:Stages of
2768:Bamboo wife
2683:Duvet cover
2650:Storage bed
2612:Memory foam
2597:Mahjong mat
2523:Toddler bed
2500:Infant beds
2491:Trundle bed
2286:15 November
2048:26 November
1654:6 September
1578:6 September
1548:6 September
1446:Co-sleeping
1326:trundle bed
1319:toddler bed
1255:Ottoman bed
862:created by
842:Shakespeare
789:four poster
740:ambassadors
607:manuscripts
604:Carolingian
548:Middle Ages
532: 1539
277:Sibudu Cave
241:Tutankhamun
128:for animals
108:trundle bed
3604:Mattresses
3593:Categories
3568:Sleep debt
3514:Microsleep
3494:Chronotype
3408:Daily life
3292:Somnolence
3268:Hypnagogia
3199:Parasomnia
3117:Narcolepsy
3029:Anatomical
3010:Theta wave
2980:Gamma wave
2975:Delta wave
2965:Alpha wave
2841:Nightstand
2831:Bed warmer
2805:Sex pillow
2795:Eye pillow
2789:Dakimakura
2640:Box-spring
2574:Mattresses
2518:Infant bed
2481:Sleigh bed
2476:Polish bed
2459:Murphy bed
2402:Canopy bed
2190:26 January
1457:References
1400:Headboards
1370:Bed frames
1248:Murphy bed
1205:infant bed
1108:canopy bed
1099:and other
946:April 2015
896:See also:
860:Golden Bed
756:childbirth
752:Versailles
714:parliament
679:Versailles
639:tester bed
550:they laid
534:–1190 BC,
459:emortualis
408:Elagabalus
376:mattresses
351:olive tree
307:Skara Brae
283:and other
226:arthropods
212:Prehistory
205:See also:
187:featherbed
147:bed sheets
100:murphy bed
3578:Sleepover
3529:Power nap
3524:Nightwear
3390:Melatonin
3352:Somnology
3317:Treatment
3150:disorders
3089:Dyssomnia
2995:PGO waves
2990:Mu rhythm
2985:K-complex
2970:Beta wave
2947:Slow-wave
2673:Comforter
2632:Bed bases
2564:Headboard
2559:Footboard
2549:Bed skirt
2544:Bed sheet
2539:Bed frame
2435:bed-stove
2361:bed sizes
1919:25 August
1869:1 January
1859:216372888
1775:0036-8075
1644:221113832
1628:0036-8075
1429:cot sides
1365:Bed frame
1329:trundle."
1312:state bed
1061:brass bed
917:does not
869:In 1882,
866:in 1879.
795:Bed sizes
748:courtiers
742:or great
734:. In the
671:Louis XIV
649:beds and
478:Egyptians
472:Near East
339:epic poem
317:to about
179:horsehair
165:Etymology
135:headboard
92:bassinets
80:bed frame
57:furniture
3445:Mattress
3420:Bunk bed
3340:Hypnosis
3132:Nocturia
3107:Insomnia
2864:Category
2660:Blankets
2622:Waterbed
2554:Cot side
2508:Bassinet
2486:Sofa bed
2447:Loft bed
2397:Camp bed
2392:Rope bed
2387:Cage bed
2382:Bunk bed
2280:Archived
2260:15 April
2210:Archived
2161:11 March
2128:Archived
2095:Archived
1987:Archived
1939:Archived
1863:Archived
1809:Archived
1791:11063722
1783:22158814
1723:30 March
1687:Archived
1648:Archived
1636:32792402
1572:Archived
1542:Archived
1538:phys.org
1500:Archived
1474:Archived
1435:See also
1392:waterbed
1380:platform
1352:waterbed
1294:flatpack
1283:rope bed
1220:iron bed
1186:hospital
1120:and the
1101:homeless
1097:refugees
1093:camp bed
1079:loft bed
1068:bunk bed
1046:bassinet
812:Bed size
764:marriage
760:mourning
732:monarchy
728:Louis XI
693:Napoleon
560:feathers
506:Persians
486:curtains
396:Republic
392:Feathers
347:Penelope
343:Odysseus
207:Bed base
191:bedframe
120:camp cot
112:bunk bed
104:sofa bed
76:mattress
47:premises
3472:Bedtime
3467:Bedroom
3462:Bedding
3457:Bed bug
3440:Hammock
3345:Lullaby
3179:Jet lag
3079:Snoring
3037:Bruxism
2874:Commons
2783:Cushion
2773:Bolster
2755:Pillows
2698:Lizhnyk
2453:Charpai
2422:Hammock
2377:Box-bed
2347:Bedding
2134:31 July
1755:Bibcode
1747:Science
1608:Bibcode
1600:Science
1412:mortise
1301:sofabed
1287:charpai
1238:Punjabi
1234:Charpai
1213:infants
1164:hammock
1072:hostels
1053:box-bed
1038:air bed
938:removed
923:sources
785:insects
718:princes
665:, with
600:leather
593:bedroom
552:carpets
482:pillows
412:Pompeii
331:Odyssey
321:2500 BC
257:bracken
245:Sekhmet
201:History
189:). The
159:bedding
153:, or a
143:blanket
124:hammock
3539:Siesta
3425:Daybed
3253:Dreams
2668:Afghan
2465:Petate
2407:Daybed
2354:Adult
2216:26 May
2101:26 May
2073:
2019:8 July
1993:3 June
1979:
1857:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1693:3 June
1679:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1506:16 May
1480:16 May
1441:Bed-In
1359:Frames
1276:hotels
1262:pallet
1209:babies
1157:tester
1134:daybed
983:Warsaw
856:London
722:throne
716:, the
683:velvet
675:pearls
667:tester
643:ruelle
623:velvet
512:, and
504:, and
484:, and
453:and a
433:atrium
400:purple
365:, and
363:silver
297:Europe
265:pillow
139:pillow
67:, and
3609:Sleep
3482:Story
3435:Futon
3368:Other
2916:Sleep
2836:Couch
2719:Razai
2713:Quilt
2678:Duvet
2417:Futon
2371:Banig
1909:"BED"
1889:"Bed"
1855:S2CID
1787:S2CID
1640:S2CID
1496:"Bed"
1470:"Bed"
1148:foam.
1145:futon
1138:couch
1136:is a
892:Types
750:. At
744:lords
580:linen
576:naked
566:, or
556:bench
514:ivory
502:Medes
498:metal
496:, or
490:stone
457:, or
386:, or
380:reeds
367:ivory
355:Homer
334:, an
313:3180
281:sedge
253:straw
155:duvet
151:quilt
96:cribs
78:on a
69:relax
61:sleep
3599:Beds
2918:and
2433:Kang
2356:beds
2310:Beds
2288:2018
2262:2008
2218:2012
2192:2009
2163:2012
2136:2017
2103:2013
2071:ISBN
2050:2010
2021:2014
1995:2022
1977:ISBN
1921:2014
1871:2021
1817:2010
1779:PMID
1771:ISSN
1725:2018
1695:2022
1677:ISBN
1656:2020
1632:PMID
1624:ISSN
1580:2020
1550:2020
1508:2012
1482:2012
1305:sofa
1211:and
1056:box.
1041:use.
921:any
919:cite
828:The
627:gold
619:Silk
612:lamp
572:iron
568:hair
564:wool
494:wood
476:The
463:pyre
437:door
404:gold
388:wool
359:gold
328:The
149:, a
94:and
84:base
65:rest
18:Beds
3519:Nap
3415:Bed
1847:doi
1763:doi
1751:334
1616:doi
1604:369
1253:An
1218:An
1203:An
1188:or
1036:An
1028:An
981:in
932:by
844:in
631:fur
525:Bes
384:hay
53:bed
3595::
3566:/
3270:/
2126:.
2120:.
2029:^
1985:.
1937:.
1891:.
1861:.
1853:.
1843:69
1841:.
1837:.
1825:^
1785:.
1777:.
1769:.
1761:.
1749:.
1745:.
1733:^
1711:.
1685:.
1646:.
1638:.
1630:.
1622:.
1614:.
1602:.
1598:.
1566:.
1540:.
1536:.
1516:^
1350:A
1342:c.
1332:A
1324:A
1317:A
1310:A
1299:A
1281:A
1267:A
1260:A
1246:A
1232:A
1225:A
1200:).
1176:A
1162:A
1151:A
1143:A
1132:A
1106:A
1091:A
1084:A
1077:A
1066:A
1059:A
1051:A
1044:A
881:.
724:.
621:,
562:,
529:c.
527:,
516:.
492:,
390:.
382:,
369:.
361:,
319:c.
315:BC
311:c.
293:.
267:.
228:.
130:.
71:.
63:,
51:A
2908:e
2901:t
2894:v
2363:)
2359:(
2339:e
2332:t
2325:v
2290:.
2264:.
2220:.
2194:.
2165:.
2138:.
2105:.
2079:.
2052:.
2023:.
1997:.
1923:.
1873:.
1849::
1819:.
1793:.
1765::
1757::
1727:.
1697:.
1658:.
1618::
1610::
1582:.
1552:.
1510:.
1484:.
1289:.
1215:.
1159:.
1126:.
959:)
953:(
948:)
944:(
940:.
926:.
34:.
20:)
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